ancaman dan pemanfaatan dugong di indonesia
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Wawan Kiswara & Udhi E. HernawanResearch Centre for Oceanogaphy - LIPI
Jl. Pasir Putih 1 No. 1 Jakarta UtaraE-mail: wkiswara@gmail.com
Population of dugong in Indonesia: 10.000 before 1990 (Compost, 1980) 1.000 after 1990 (de Iongh, 1993) now ? IUCN: Vulnerable
Decreasing population of dugong species biology and external threats.
Species biologyReproduction rate very low (5 %/year).The females do not bear their first calf until they are
at least 10 and up to 17 years old. Gestation lasts about 13-15 months. The calf suckles for 14-18 months.Seagrass dependent
External threats:Ilegal huntingAccidental catchBoat strikesPollutionHabitat lost & degradationEutrophication
Conservation initiatives in Indonesia ?1. Habitat protection2. Education : public awareness (National-, local- and
community levels)3. Ecotourism4. Research and monitoring
Swimming with dugong Diving with dugong
Ecotourism (?)
Dugong as a tourist attraction: dugong watching
Effect of these activities on the animals is unknown (need to be investigated)
Dugong as meat vs as tourist attraction
As a meat Rp. 6.000.000.- for one family, one week.As a tourist attraction more than Rp. 6.000.000.-
for many families and last longer.
To realize the idea dugong as a marine tourist attraction is not easy!
Not easy to find the existence of seagrass and dugongThe presence of seagrasses and dugong by interviewing local
people/fishermen
Waai, Ambon Nemberela, Rote
The presence of seagrasses and dugong by interviewing local people/fishermen
Prof. H. Marsh (Dugong expert) her presentation in Srilanka, October 2015.
How many dugongs are there?•Ask the fishers?•Vessel surveys?•Aerial surveys?•Mark-recapture studies?
How are your dugongs doing?•Ask the fishers?•Conduct vessel/aerial surveys over time?•Calf counts?•Genetic studies?•Health assessments?
Where are the dugong hotspots?•Ask the fishers?•Conduct vessel/aerial surveys?•Satellite tracking?•Acoustic surveys?
Doing research on dugong is very difficult and very risky, as you can only spot them
from the air (Adulyanukosol, 2007)
Most of the pictures are from Thailand, only 1 picture in Indonesia
• Counting the number• Observe the behavior• Feeding ground• Seagrass area• Home range
Travelling into shallow area for feeding
single
mother-calf group
Family
Feeding : Solitary and group.
: Group
Parental care
Mating behaviors occurred in shallow area
Dr. Kanjana AdulyanukosolPublished in Mar. Biol.(2007)
UNEP/CMS OFFICEAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Dugongs and their Habitats throughout their Range
Dr. Donna KwanProgramme Officer - Dugongs
UNEP/CMS South East Asia Sub-Regional Meeting on Dugongs and Workshop on Developing Standardised Analysis Protocols for Dugong Questionnaire Survey Project Data for South East Asia Region
26-29 July 2011, Kuala Lawas, Sarawak, Borneo Malaysia
Dangerous dugong male behavior
Aggressive to women
Conclusion GEF-Abu Dhabi dugong project is only as a trigger
to conserve dugong from extinction in Indonesian waters.
Cooperation between the relevant agencies (MMAF, LIPI, WWF, Universities i.e. IPB, UNHAS, UNSRAT, Private sectors, etc) to work together in efforts to create dugong conservation for the public welfare.
Thank you
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