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Wind Energy Solution
Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009
Wind Energy Solution
Lainate - Italy
Novembre 2009
An Introduction to
Wind Energy Solution
HAWT : Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Pro•Higher Efficency (Pmecc/Pwind)
•Smaller Dimension
•Extended Application Range and Expertise
•Higher Cut-out wind speed
Cons•Higher Cut-in wind speed
•Face-Wind direction mechanism
•Lower Dynamic Stability
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
PRO•Lower Cut in Wind Speed
•Better Dynamic Stability
CONS•Bigger Dimension
•Lower Efficiency
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
VAWT : Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Wind Energy Solution
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
WT Power Classification
Micro Eolic
< 20 Kw
Mini Eolic
< 200 Kw
Eolic
> 100Kw
Carlo GAVAZZI full solution market
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
Author
WT Base Mechanical Elements
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
A: Effective Area Swept by Wind Turbine (m2)
r:Air Density (kg/m3)
V(m/s)
Wind Speed
Where the wind power comes from ?
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
1. Max power catched by the WT
P electrical = ½ ρ A V3 Cp h
and Cp is called Wind Turbine Efficiency
where h = Turbine Mechanical Efficiency
h = includes all the frictions due to shaft bearings, gearbox, etc..
Wind Energy Solution
V
Rm = is called Tip Speed Ratio
Cp is a function of blades shape and blades number and changes with
where m:Rotation Speed of the Wind Turbine
Cp has a limit in the Betz number : 16/27
for our application Cp max is 0.59 for HAWT
and 0.4 for VHWT
2. Max power catched by the WT
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Author
2
23 RVPwind
=
r
Data :
•Swept Area radius = 20 m
•Cp for three blades HWAC = 0.45
h= 0,56 turbine mechanical efficiency
r= 1,22 kg/m3
•V= 10 m/s steady
PmeclPelectrica *h=
PwindCpPmec *=
= 766 Kw
= 344.7 Kw
= 193 Kw
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
3. Max power catched by the WT : a Simple Example
Wind Energy Solution
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
4. Max power catched by the WT : Mistral 3K
P AC @12m/s = ½ ρ A V3 Cp h = 2450 w
m/s
W
Wind Energy Solution
Author
Wind Intensity and wind distribution
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
By direction
By height
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
An introduction to system
measurements in -aeolic plants
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
1. - General description
2. - Standard EN 61400-12-1
3. - Examples
4. - CG solution
OUTLINE
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
1. - What shall we do ?
2. - How shall we do ?
3. - The simplest thing.
4. - The simplest result.
General description
The simplest result:
1. - Low/Medium cost
2. - Customer satisfied
3. - Precautions on results found
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
General descriptionWind speed and WTI3 output power vs time(Record #3 / 2009-09-08)
-50
450
950
1450
1950
2450
2950
14
.57.2
9
15
.03.5
9
15
.10.4
7
15
.17.2
7
15
.24.1
3
15
.30.5
5
15
.37.3
5
15
.44.2
1
15
.51.0
5
15
.57.4
9
16
.04.3
3
Time
WT
I03
ou
tpu
t p
ow
er
[W]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Win
d S
pee
d [
m/s
]
Pout Wind Speed
Inverter output power vs wind speed
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Wind speed [m/s]
WT
I03
ou
tpu
t p
ow
er
[W]
Results distribution and polynomial fitting (Record #3 / 2009-09-08)
1. - Turbine and anemometer inertia
2. - Turbulences
3. - Non-stationary flow (No wind tunnel)
4. - Sampling rate too long.
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
Standard EN 61400-12-1 © IEC:2000(E)
Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbine
Method of the “BINS”
Data shall collected continuously at a
sampling rate of 1 Hz or higher
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbine
Method of the “BINS”Standard EN 61400-12-1 © IEC:2000(E)
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
Dundalk University Campus- IRLExample
Turbine WT3 Other turbine
WTI3 + Braking box + test equipment
10
m
Cables lenght = 100m
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
Example Dundalk University Campus- IRL
Anemometer
CARLO GAVAZZI
DWS-V-DBC05
Digital Meter
Carlo Gavazzi
UDM40
Digital Voltage Meter
Carlo Gavazzi
UDM40
Braking Box
CARLO GAVAZZI
WTB3FE
(With energy meter EM24)
Inverter
CARLO GAVAZZI
WTI3
PC with LabviewCarlo Gavazzi
SIUPC-3
BUS 485
BUS 485
BUS 485USB
Wind Energy Solution
Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009
Carlo Gavazzi Solutions
Energy meters
EOS Array
Modular
Instruments
Probes
EM24DIN
EM2696
VMU-M
VMU-S
DWS-D
DWS-V
UDM40
UDM60
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Turbine Products Portfolio
A range of Micro Wind Tubine Complete Solution (up to
10KW) for residential and small business application :
• Horizontal Axis (HAWT) for power between 3 and
10Kw .
• Vertical Axis (VAWT) for power between 1.5 and 2.5
Kw .
• Inverters in grid and off grid (stand alone/battery
charger) solution for all the turbines models and
applications (i.e.: hybrid solution with PV or co-gen)
• Accessories : Braking Box, Braking Resistors,
Anemometers, Full Cabinet Solution, Energy and Wind
monitor and data log solution.
Author : Salvadore Date Sept.2009
HAVT- Horizontal Axis Range
• 3.0 KW small – ø 2.6 (1) m / 3.4 (2)
• 6.0 KW medium – ø 5.1 m (1)
• 9.9 KW large – ø 9.5 m (2)
(1) Power rated @ 12m/s of wind speed
(2) Power rated @ 10 m/s of wind speed
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Turbine : Mistral 3k
• The most light HAWT in its category
• 2,5 m total diameter
• High efficency 18 poles PMM direct coupling
(No Gerabox)
• Mechanical protection against high wind
speed
• Carbon Fiber Blades
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Turbine : Mistral 6K
• 5.6 Kw @ 12 m/s
• 5.1 mt blades span
• Electrical Blade Picth Control
• 208 Kg
• Fiber Glass Blades
• 6Kw Grid Tied Inverter
• Delivery : 2° Quarter 2010
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Turbine : Mistral 10K
• 10 Kw @ 10 m/s
• 9.5 m blades span
• Blade Picth Control
• 1.000 Kg
• Fiber Glass Blades
• 10 Kw Grid Tied Inverter
• Delivery : 1° Quarter 2010
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
VAWT- Vertical Axis Range
• 1 Kw 4 blades, 2.4x1.5 m (1)
• 2 Kw 4 blades , 3.2x2.3 m (1)
Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009
Wind Energy Solution
(1) Power rated @ 11.5 m/s
Wind Energy Solution
Inverter Types
• In Grid type:
– Single source (wind)
– Multi source (wind + solar) or (wind + water)
• Off Grid type:
– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger
• UPS type:
– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger and
back-up for grid installations where line is not reliable.
Note : Inverters for Wind Turbines have
different interface requirements and lower
efficiency than the ones for PV modules.
Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009
Wind Energy Solution
Inverter Delivery Status
• In Grid type:
– WTI3 : Available
– WTIS3 : Available
• Off Grid type:
– Available starting from Jan.2010
– Pure Sinusoidal Inverter : Available
• UPS type:
– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger and
back-up for grid installations where line is not reliable or
not available.
Note : Inverters for Wind Turbines have
different interface requirements and lower
efficiency than the ones for PV modules.
Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009
Wind Energy Solution
Author :Salvadore Date : Sept. 2009
Base Electrical Working Principles (Grid Tied Inverter)
DSP Control
Wind Energy Solution
Basic connection diagrams
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Energy Solution
Wind Turbine : The Cabinet WTC3
• WTC 3 : is the perfect solution to handle
safetly the wind turbine, the inverter and all
the measurement instrumentation :
– Stop the blades
– Keep the inverter safe
– Measure the energy
– Directly connected to the grid
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
The Braking Unit WTB3
• WTB 3 : is the perfect solution to handle
safetly the wind turbine :
– Stop the blades
– Keep the inverter safe
– Measure the energy
• Easy commissioning
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Energy Solution
Author Date
Inside the Braking Unit
Wind Energy Solution
Mistral 3k : foundation and pole
Author Date
Wind Energy Solution
Mounting Mistral 3k : blades and spinner
Author Date
Caution : use graduated tools, use locktite on thread
Wind Energy Solution
Mounting Mistral 3k : new tail
Author Date
Wind Energy Solution
Mounting Mistral 3k : lock the mast
Author Date
Caution : pull out the generator wires while the mast is mounted, do not plies them !
Wind Energy Solution
Economics
• Wind Mill Annual Power.xlsx
Author Date
NO WIND NO PARTY !
Wind Energy Solution
Norms & Approvals
About the Turbines
• EN61400-2
About the Grid Connection
• VDE0126
• EN50438
• DK5940
Author Date
Wind Energy Solution
CE certificate
Italian DK 5940
certificate
VDE0126
certificate
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
Wind Turbine : Approvals
GRAZIE PER LA VOSTRA ATTENZIONE
ARRIVEDERCI !!
Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009
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