al- qabisi, al- ghazali, ibn- khuldun

METHODS OF TEACHING ISLAMIC EDUCATION 1 (EDC 4306)

GROUP MEMBERS:

NUR AFRAH BT MUHAMAD SHUKRI (0917384)

NURSHAZANA BT MOHD RASHID (0916164)

Methods of Teaching & the Process of Inquiry According to Muslim Thinkers

AL- QABISI AL- GHAZALI

IBN KHALDUN

AL- QABISI

BACKGROUND

Abu al-Hassan Ali bin Muhammad bin Khalaf al- Muafiri al Qairawani.

Al Qabisi was taken from the word Qabis, the name of a town in Tunisia.

born in 935 in Qairawan. He was born in the light of science (‘ilm) and

literature.He has learned from many scholars of his day and

he was so interested to study and analyze.- it give impact and influence on his thinking, approach, method (manhaj).

DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT

BASIC KNOWLEDGE

AL- QUR’AN

FIQH

AKHLAK

WRITING, SPELLING, AND

READING

ARABIC LANGUAGE

NON- BASIC KNOWLEDGE

MATHEMATICS

HISTORY

Methods of teaching and the process of inquiry

Talqin and memorization students repeat what the teacher say until they

can remember. teacher did not have to explain the meaning. differ to the modern techniques that emphasize

on the understanding to facilitate memorization.

INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TECHNIQUE

Teachers need to choose between the two techniques either group or individual based on the preparation and conditions of students.

Al-Qabisi emphasis on the combination of both techniques.

Student participation in educational process

participation of students in class such as teacher appoints a student to teach the subjects.

give opportunities to the students to teach what he understood. This technique can improve their understanding of a topic.

Qudwah

لقد كان لكم في رسول الله أسوة حسنة لمن كان يرجوا الله واليوم األخر وذكرالله كثيرا (األحزاب :

21(It is a good approach in changing

student behavior.

AL- GHAZALI

Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Tusi.

He was born in 450 H (1058) in Tus, Khurasan (in present- day Iran).

His father was a wool spinner (ghazzal) and thus, relative to this profession, al-Ghazali acquired this name.

He was an Islamic theologian, jurist, philosopher, cosmologist, psychologist, and mystic of Persia origin.

One of the most popular book: Ihya’ Ulum Ad- Din

- al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyah al-Kubra, vol. VI, pp. 191-193

BACKGROUND

METHODS OF TEACHING ACCORDING TO IMAM AL- GHAZALI

COMPARATIVE METHOD

HALAQAH METHOD

DEMONSTRATION METHOD

DIALOGUE AND DISCUSSION METHODS

COMPARATIVE METHOD

- Used in teaching and discussion

- To prove the truth and belief in his work

i.e: in the book ihya ulum al- din, he explains the differences of opinion

among scholars about the advantages and

disadvantages of akhlak.

- According to Hassan Basri, good akhlak is a

sweet face (manis muka), to give

strength, and prevent pain.

- According to al- Wasiti, good akhlak is do not quarrel with

others.

HALAQAH METHOD

- A student in a semi- circle around their teacher to listen to lectures.

- i.e: Al- Ghazali has established a school near his home and he

implementing the halaqah method.

HALAQAH METHOD

- Inculcating Islamic education on children, Al- Ghazali began to imitate, which pointed the way (demonstration),

followed by believing, and strengthen the evidences, reading the Quranic versus, and explaining the content

and meaning. i.e: demonstrate how to perform solah, tayammum, and

etc

DEMONSTRATION METHOD

DIALOGUE & DISCUSSION METHODS

- To deepen an understanding of

knowledge- Sharpen the brain &

strengthen the opinion

- To built a self- confidence and provide

opportunities for students to talk

i.e: question and answer session

DIALOGUE & DISCUSSION METHODS

According to Al- Ghazali, a good teacher must have sympathy on his students and treat them like his own children. The teacher should follow the example of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w), and seek no reward for teaching the students except to seek the good pleasure of Allah (s.w.t). The teacher must teach the students according to their mental capacity, and should avoid teaching anything that is beyond his comprehension. Finally, the teacher must practice what he preaches/ teaches.

IBN KHALDUN

Background

• His full name is Abu Zayd ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Khaldun al-Hidrami.

• He was born in Tunis, 1332 AD and died in Cairo, 1406 AD.

• He also recognized as the founder of sociological sciences.

• His great work of art, the Muqaddimah has been translated into the world’s most common language.

BASIC TEACHING

Gradually Detail Comprehensive

METHODS OF TEACHING

Talqin

Muhakah (Taqlid)

Repetition

Two Subjects should not be Taught Together

-One should not pass on to another subject while the first remains incomplete.

Students should not be forced to memorize.

Teacher should not overload students with lessons beyond their capabilities and capacities.

Should not very strict to the students

especially students at the young ageThis will drive the child to misbehavior

Education should be PracticalEmphasis on the importance of

practical application such as to observe, to feel and to apply the knowledge gained as much as possible.

REFERENCES

1) Ahmad Mohd Salleh. (2004). Pendidikan Islam: Falsafah, sejatah, dan kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.

2) Al- Na’miy , Abdullah al- Amin. (1994). Kaedah dan teknik pengajaran menurut ibn khuldun dan al- qabisi. Penterjemah: Mohd. Romzi Omar. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

3) al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyah al-Kubra, vol. VI, pp. 191-193

4) Fahri Kayadibi, Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Pendidikan, Ibn Khaldun and Education, vol 13, No.2, 2008