adp, atp, and cellular respiration. what is atp? energy used by all cells adenosine triphosphate

ADP, ATP, and

Cellular Respiration

What is ATP?

Energy Used by all cells Adenosine Triphosphate

How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking off one Phosphate. This requires and enzyme called ATPase

ATP Hydrolysis

ATP Needs to Be Re-made and Recycled

To do this, and another enzyme called ATP synthase is used to reconnect a phosphate.

ATP Synthesis

ATP is Made During Cellular Respiration

Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s

Cell Respiration happens in three stages

Glycolysis

Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic ( Does NOT use Oxygen) Requires input of 2 ATP molecules Splits Glucose into to molecules of Pyruvate

Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 molecules of pyruvate. (Energy Carriers)

Glucose

Glycolysis

Fermentation

Aerobic Respiratio

n

ATP

ATP

No Oxygen Oxygen

Fermentation Occurs when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic)

Lactic Acid Fermentation in muscle cells (tired muscles)- converts pyruvates to lactic acid.

Alcohol Fermentation converts pyruvates to ethyl alcohol. (basics of wine and beer)

Produces 2 ATP’s

Glycolysis

Fermentation

Aerobic Respiratio

n

ATP

ATP

No Oxygen Oxygen

Stages of Cellular Respiration

When Oxygen is present!

The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

The Mitochondria

Endosymbiosis Theory

The theory of endosymbiosis proposes that the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells descended from ancestors of infection-causing bacteria.

Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle

If Oxygen is present Pyruvate enters the mitochondria

Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce 2 ATP

Produces 2 ATP’s, 3NADH, and 2 CO2

Electron Transport Chain

Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane when oxygen is present.

34 ATP and H2O produced

Uses NADH and e- from glycolysis and Krebs cycle to create ATP’s and H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s