absolute monarchs in europe - bussard's blog€¦ · either download the student app for...

Bellringer

What does absolutism mean? What does

divine right mean?

Enlightenment philosophes were fighting for

what?

After reading what all these philosophes

were preaching, how do you believe the

people of Europe would feel about their

absolute rulers? What do you see happening

in the future?

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They Call it a Revolution….English (1689), US(1776), French (1789), Haitian (1791) and

Latin American (1808-1825) Revolution

Chapter 22,23

Ms. Altman

The Glorious Revolution

(in England)

James II new Monarch

Cause: He is unpopular because of his Catholicism and his

absolutist policies.

James has a son (male heir). Protestants (majority of

parliament) are afraid his son will want to spread

Catholicism.

Parliament overthrows James II. They ask James’ daughter

Mary and her Dutch husband, William (both protestants), to

take the English throne. They arrive as James is fleeing to

France.

Result: William of Orange and his wife Mary assume

leadership of England. Created a Limited Monarchy.

Results from the Glorious

Revolution

Known as the “Bloodless revolution”********

dissolved old beliefs about the divine rights

of kings

Est. Parliament as the ultimate power w/n the

British government

Laid the foundation of England’s

constitutional monarchy (king or queen is

limited by laws)

An English Bill of Rights is

created

To make clear of the limits to royal power,

Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights in 1689.

This document listed many things the ruler

could not do.

No suspending of Parliaments laws

No levying of taxes w/o grant from Parliament

No interfering with freedom of speech

This creates a Constitutional Monarchy

American Revolution

Causes:

1. Increasing population and

prosperity-A new sense of identity was growing

in the colonists mind

2. British Laws and Acts

-taxation without representation

3. Enlightenment Ideas-Used enlightenment ideas to justify

independence. They asked for same

political rights as the people in

Britain.

Effects:

1. Declaration of

Independence

2. Constitution

3. Bill of Rights

American Revolution videos

No more kings!

If time….

Preamble

I’m just a bill

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

The French Revolution Causes

1. Peasants lost ½ their income to taxes. French

nobles were exempt from paying taxes.

2. Shortage in grain led to sharp increases in the

price of bread (poor peoples main food source)

3. King Louis XIV’s lavish lifestyle left a massive

public debt (Poor Economy)

4. Cost of helping the American’s win their revolution

worsened the economy. (Poor Economy)

5. The previous King, Louis the XV, was a weak and

indecisive ruler

Calling the Estates General

By the Spring of 1789 the French

Government faced the imminent threat of

bankruptcy.

Louis’ solution… Raise the taxes! He

suggests that the nobles pay taxes….

The assembly (made up of Nobles) refused

his suggestion

They called a meeting of all three estates to

vote on what to do.

France Vs. France (causes)

When voting each estate as a whole gets one vote.

The first two estates vote the same and “bully” the third estate into doing what they

want them to do.

The third estate, sick of falling into this trap, demanded that all 3 estates meet

together and every delegate get a vote. When the king refused, the third estate

declared itself the true National Assembly and met nearby in an indoor tennis court.

The Third Estate met in a nearby tennis court, in defiance of

King Louis’ XVI order to disperse. Instead they took an oath that

they would not leave until they had drafted a constitution.

The Tennis Court Oath marked the beginning of the French

Revolution.

Soon after nobles and members of the Clergy, who favored

reform, joined the third estate delegates

Declaration of the Rights

of Man

The National Assembly

abolished the privileges of

the first and second

Estates and adopted a

Declaration of the Rights

of Man and the Citizen.

Based partially on the

Declaration of

Independence, it

contained many

Enlightenment ideas.

A Revolution begins

On July 14 1789, a mob of working

class people, already rioting about

the price of bread,searching for

gunpowder and arms stormed the

Bastille, a Paris prison. The mob

overwhelmed the guard and seized

control of the building.

The attackers hacked several of

the guards to death and then

paraded around the streets with the

dead men’s heads on a long pole.

Ever since July 14th is known as

Bastille Day, it is similar to our 4th

of July.

This attack claimed the

lives of about 100 people

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

By 1791 the assembly had

written a constitution and

established a limited

monarchy.

Many European rulers

and nobles feared that

revolutionary ideas would

spread to their own

countries.

They threatened to

intervene-with military force

if necessary.

France Declares war

on Austria, Prussia,

Britain, and several

other states.

In 1792 radicals took

control of the

Assembly, ended the

monarchy, and

declared France a

republic.

Louis XVI gets tried for treason, found guilty, and

beheaded by guillotine in 1793.

‘The Terror’

The period following

Louis’s exectution became

known as ‘The Terror’

Maximillien Robespierre-

becomes leader of the

Committee of Public

Safety.

Robespierre basically

becomes dictator of France

during this period.

By November of 1973

the committee will have

Christian Churches

closed and the

calendars changed to 3

10 day weeks. Also all

religious holidays

(Easter, Christmas etc)

will be banned.

In February of 1974 all

slavery will be abolished in all

French Colonies

Robeispierre goes on a killing

spree killing anyone seen as

a counterrevolutionary.

The state executed as many

as 40,000 Frenchmen on the

guillotine in one year!

Robespierre executed in July,

1794

After Robespierre’s death…

A 5 man “Directory” supported by a

legislature held power in France.

Problems:

1. The government was weak an inefficient

2. Rising bread prices brought the threat of

riots

3. Did not provide the people with the

freedoms they were fighting for

Warm-up

1. Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia were considered absolute rulers

because they

a. broke away from the Catholic Church

b. helped feudal lords build secure castles

c. instituted programs that provided more power to their parliaments

d. determined government policies without the consent of their people

2. One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

a. had the support of the Roman Catholic Church

b. placed great value on traditional beliefs

c. emphasized the value of observation and human reason

d. contributed to the end of feudalism

3. The writings of Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke were similar in that each

supported the principles of what type of government?

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Napoleon: Hero or Tyrant?!

“The surest way to remain poor is to be honest”-Napoleon

Bonaparte

Rise of Napoleon

Public discontent mounted as the interim

government failed to deal with inflation, food

shortages, and corruption.

On November 9, 1799, an ambitious and

talented young general named Napoleon

Bonaparte over threw the government and

seized power.

This overthrow is called a coup’d’etat which

is a military overthrow of the government.

Napoleon Bonaparte

oNapoleon quickly took command of the

new government. He held all the power

and made all the decisions.

oNapoleon’s popularity continued to rise

as he restored order, stimulated

prosperity and the economy.

oGrateful voters overwhelmingly

endorsed Napoleon’s rule, he

successfully used the democratic

process to destroy democracy.

Napoleonic codes

Legal experts consolidated hundreds of local law

codes into a uniform legal code, that is still the

basis of French law today.

The new code guaranteed many achievements of

the French Revolution, including equality before the

law, freedom of religion, the abolition of privilege,

and the protection of property rights.

Napoleon understood the importance of ending the

strained relationship between the French

Government and the Catholic Church.

How did such a little man have

so much power? He censored the press and suppressed political opposition

He declared himself emperor on Dec. 2, 1804

By 1799 he had signed peace treaties with Britain, Austria and

Prussia. By 1802 Europe was at peace for the first time in 10 yrs.

He exercised authority over various independent states (Spain, Italy,

the Netherlands, Switzerland, and parts of Germany)

He also forced nations he defeated to join him in wars against Great

Britain

As Napoleon acquired more territory and influence, ideas

and principles of the French Revolution, such as equality,

nationalism (pride in ones country) and religious toleration,

spread to other countries

He dissolved what remained of the Holy Roman Empire

video

What would make this little man

fall?

1) He could never defeat the

British (think geographic

advantages of Great Britain)

2) As the French Empire spread,

so did nationalism

3) Despite his keen since to

military over-powerment, he

made some key mistakes

Most notably to invade Russia Scorched-earth policy- burning grain fields

and slaughtering livestock so as to leave

nothing for the enemy to eat.

Average Temp is 23

degrees. In winter -13

The 100 Days…

March of 1814- Napoleon was

exiled to the island of Elba

March 1815- Napoleon

escaped Elba and formed a

new army. In June Napoleon

was defeated at the Battle of

Waterloo.

Now he is exiled to St.

Helena, a remote island in the

South Atlantic. Once a master

of Europe, Napoleon now

lived in lonely exile writing

memoirs, he died in 1821 of

perhaps cancer.

When Napoleon ruled Elba

Textbook review

Read Chapter 23 sect 4

Complete questions 1,3-5,7,8

Warm-up

1. Explain how Absolute Monarchies lead to the

Enlightenment which lead to revolutions.

2. What is the concept of Divine right, and why

did people believe that it gave kings power?3. The English Bill of Rights were created toa. limit the power of English monarchs

b. establish laws protecting the rights of Protestants

c. organize England’s colonial empire

d. abolish the role of Parliament

4. The Glorious Revolution in England resulted

in the formation of what type of government?

Bye, Bye Napoleon…what does

Europe do now?

Congress of Vienna

Between November 1, 1814 —

June 8, 1815 a congress of the

Great Powers of Europe met in

Vienna, Austria to settle the

future boundaries of the

continent.

Almost every state in Europe was

represented.

How should its boundaries be

redrawn? Should any existing

nations take over any new

territory? Should any new nations

emerge from Napoleon's empire?

Problems in Europe that makes

this hard

The major European powers (Austria, Great

Britain, Russia) were seeking to expand their own

interests, not necessarily what was best for

Europe as a whole.

And because of this new concept of nationalism,

the lesser powers, including peoples who never

had their own country, were pushing for their own

independence from these larger countries.

Thus, redrawing the map as it once was (pre-

Napoleon) was going to be virtually impossible!

Their 3 goals of the meeting

1. Reimburse all countries who had to fight

against France during Napoleon’s rule

2. Restore the monarchy in France and other

kingdoms that existed before the French

Revolution

3. Create a balance of power to prevent one

European country from dominating Europe

again.

**Do this all while not upsetting France so as not to

give rise to revenge**

What that looks like

1. Was the Congress of Vienna biased in any way? Explain.

2. What would be the problems with the decisions made at the Congress?

Latin American Revolution

Almost all of Latin America was controlled by Spain

Latin America is composed of South America and Middle/Central America

Cause: During this time these countries began to feel discontent towards Spain and Portugal. Resented what they saw as unfair economic policies.

Result: By 1810 Jose de San Martin led forces that expelled the Spanish from Argentina. Simon Bolivar liberated Venezuela, Columbia and Ecuador from Spanish rule.

Great Britain’s navy shielded the new nation from further European invasion

Haitian Revolution

Haiti was a French colony

Cause: In 1791, black slaves in

Saint-Dominique rebelled against

their white masters after learning

of a revolution in Europe.

Toussaint L’Ouverture became

their leader, proclaimed himself

ruler, and then freed all the

slaves.

Result: First Free Black Country