a nation divided 8 3.4

STANDARD 8-3.4-- ANALYZE THE POSITION OF S.C. ON THE ISSUES THAT DIVIDED THE NATION IN THE EARLY 1800’S, INCLUDING THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS, THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL BANK, THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF AND THE ROLE OF THE U.S. IN THE EUROPEAN CONFLICT BETWEEN ENGLAND & FRANCE, AND IN THE WAR OF 1812

A Nation Divided

New Nation Leaders

The new federal government was established in 1789

President George

Washington

Secretary of the Treasury Alexander

Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton Economic policies to strengthen the

national government Proposed (1) that the Federal Government

pay the debt incurred as a result of the Revolutionary War

(2) & the national government assumed the states’ debt from the war

(3) the national band issue bank notes and collect taxes

Also asked congress to pass a high protective tariff to encourage Americans to make goods at home, rather than buy them from overseas

Political Parties (Federalists) 2 political parties developed as a

result of disagreement over Hamilton’s proposals

The Federalists (Hamilton) were in favor

They wanted a strong government to promote trade and industry

Mostly from New England

Political Parties (Democratic Republicans) Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Opposed Hamilton’s proposals Their favor of a republic of small farmers &

shopkeepers rather than manufacturing led to the opposition of the protective tarrif, which did not pass

SC elite supported the Federalists SC backcountry supported the Republicans Most of SC supported the assumption of state

debt, even though the Republicans did not

Political Compromise

The Democratic Republicans agreed to assume state debt as long as the Federalists agreed to move the nation’s capital to the banks of the Potomac River in the south (Present Day Washington, D.C.)

National Bank Democratic Republicans wanted the

Constitution strictly interpreted (literally)

Federalists argued that the Congress had been granted to right to make all laws that were “necessary and proper” in order to execution of its powers They argued that a bank was necessary for

them to tax and control commerce which was granted to them in the new Constitution

Advocated a loose bill for the creation of the First National Bank

Foreign Policy

1789 French Revolution Democratic Republicans support for

overthrowing their king Federalists applaud at the bloodshed & sided with Britain when the French

declare war on them, in hopes of securing more trade

George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality & the US attempted to stay neutral throughout the Napoleonic Wars

X,Y,Z Affair

Take notes …..(2:41)

X,Y,Z Affair Aftermath

Federalists prepared for war Democratic Republicans vilified

President Adams in their party newspapers

Insulted by this action, Federalists past the Alien & Sedition Acts designed to limit the growth of the Democratic Republican party & to silence the newspapers

Republican response-suppression of their freedom of press was unconstitutional

Neutrality, Trade, & More Controversy over the Alien & Sedition

Acts led to the election of Thomas Jefferson as President in 1800

America traded with both the French and British through the Napoleonic Wars

British practice of impressment (explain) B/c of this grievance, in 1807, Congress

passed the Embargo Act to stop trade with both the French & English

This devastated the shipping industry in New England

Neutrality, Trade, & More

Democratic Republicans living in the west accused the British of urging the Native Americans to attack them

Protest meetings were held across SC when British ships fired on an American ship

1810, John C. Calhoun was elected to Congress and for America to declare war on Great Britain

War of 1812

US declared war on Great Britain & invaded Canada… the Canadians won

1814, British army attacked Washington DC, burning down the capital building and the President’s house (later the White House)

Treaty that ended the war resulted in no exchange of lands, it did cause a surge of nationalism

The Big Switch-a-Roo

Federalist Party died out b/c of their opposition to the war

Democratic Republicans began to support Federalist policies including the national bank and protective tariffs

Burning of SC (8:49)