a nation divided 8 3.4
TRANSCRIPT
STANDARD 8-3.4-- ANALYZE THE POSITION OF S.C. ON THE ISSUES THAT DIVIDED THE NATION IN THE EARLY 1800’S, INCLUDING THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS, THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL BANK, THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF AND THE ROLE OF THE U.S. IN THE EUROPEAN CONFLICT BETWEEN ENGLAND & FRANCE, AND IN THE WAR OF 1812
A Nation Divided
New Nation Leaders
The new federal government was established in 1789
President George
Washington
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander
Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton Economic policies to strengthen the
national government Proposed (1) that the Federal Government
pay the debt incurred as a result of the Revolutionary War
(2) & the national government assumed the states’ debt from the war
(3) the national band issue bank notes and collect taxes
Also asked congress to pass a high protective tariff to encourage Americans to make goods at home, rather than buy them from overseas
Political Parties (Federalists) 2 political parties developed as a
result of disagreement over Hamilton’s proposals
The Federalists (Hamilton) were in favor
They wanted a strong government to promote trade and industry
Mostly from New England
Political Parties (Democratic Republicans) Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Opposed Hamilton’s proposals Their favor of a republic of small farmers &
shopkeepers rather than manufacturing led to the opposition of the protective tarrif, which did not pass
SC elite supported the Federalists SC backcountry supported the Republicans Most of SC supported the assumption of state
debt, even though the Republicans did not
Political Compromise
The Democratic Republicans agreed to assume state debt as long as the Federalists agreed to move the nation’s capital to the banks of the Potomac River in the south (Present Day Washington, D.C.)
National Bank Democratic Republicans wanted the
Constitution strictly interpreted (literally)
Federalists argued that the Congress had been granted to right to make all laws that were “necessary and proper” in order to execution of its powers They argued that a bank was necessary for
them to tax and control commerce which was granted to them in the new Constitution
Advocated a loose bill for the creation of the First National Bank
Foreign Policy
1789 French Revolution Democratic Republicans support for
overthrowing their king Federalists applaud at the bloodshed & sided with Britain when the French
declare war on them, in hopes of securing more trade
George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality & the US attempted to stay neutral throughout the Napoleonic Wars
X,Y,Z Affair Aftermath
Federalists prepared for war Democratic Republicans vilified
President Adams in their party newspapers
Insulted by this action, Federalists past the Alien & Sedition Acts designed to limit the growth of the Democratic Republican party & to silence the newspapers
Republican response-suppression of their freedom of press was unconstitutional
Neutrality, Trade, & More Controversy over the Alien & Sedition
Acts led to the election of Thomas Jefferson as President in 1800
America traded with both the French and British through the Napoleonic Wars
British practice of impressment (explain) B/c of this grievance, in 1807, Congress
passed the Embargo Act to stop trade with both the French & English
This devastated the shipping industry in New England
Neutrality, Trade, & More
Democratic Republicans living in the west accused the British of urging the Native Americans to attack them
Protest meetings were held across SC when British ships fired on an American ship
1810, John C. Calhoun was elected to Congress and for America to declare war on Great Britain
War of 1812
US declared war on Great Britain & invaded Canada… the Canadians won
1814, British army attacked Washington DC, burning down the capital building and the President’s house (later the White House)
Treaty that ended the war resulted in no exchange of lands, it did cause a surge of nationalism
The Big Switch-a-Roo
Federalist Party died out b/c of their opposition to the war
Democratic Republicans began to support Federalist policies including the national bank and protective tariffs
Burning of SC (8:49)