5a - us cities climate action best practices
Post on 09-Jan-2017
79 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
U.S. Cities Climate Action
Best PracticesOUR CITIES, OUR CLIMATE
A Bloomberg Philanthropies – U.S. Department of State Partnership
CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGY MAP
2
Planning and Implementation
Mitigation Strategies
• Implementing the Plan• Staffing and
organization• Financing• Monitoring progress
• Building Capacity for Modeling & Analysis
• Stakeholder Engagement, Communications & Political Will
• Influencing Other Levels of Government
• Financing the Climate Strategy
• Mitigation Planning• Emissions Inventories
and Analysis• Setting Goals• Developing Strategies
• System Strategies• Buildings• Energy Supply• Transportation• Solid Waste
• Cross-System Issues• Integration in
Neighborhoods & Districts
• Integration into Other City Plans
• Social Equity
Adaptation Strategies
• Adaptation Planning• Climate Impact
Forecasting• Vulnerability
Assessment• Developing Strategies
• System Strategies• Buildings• Energy Supply• Transportation• Water/Waste
• Cross-System Issues• Integration in
Neighborhoods & Districts
• Emergency Management
• Regional Governance
CITY CLIMATE ACTION
3
HIGHLIGHTS
Many U.S. cities are reducing GHG emissions and preparing for climate impacts—developing, testing, and implementing best practices, borrowing from and sharing with cities worldwide
U.S. cities are serving as “innovation laboratories” for climate action• 1,000+ mayors pledged to support Kyoto Protocol
targets• 350 cities using ICLEI ClearPath online emissions
platform• 132 local governments have set GHG emissions
reduction targets, 33 of them “80x50” or earlier• 22+ cities in Compact of Mayors; 8 cities in
Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance Leading-edge cities are showing it is possible to
reduce emissions substantially and to uncouple economic and population growth from emissions production.
It is becoming widely recognized that climate-smart cities—ones that are mitigating and adapting—are livable cities that attract talent and investment—“co-benefits” of climate action.
Climate action by cities is not a “burden” or “tax,” but an opportunity for leadership and sustainable prosperity.
4
HIGHLIGHTS: COMPACT OF MAYORS
Momentum for nations and cities to collaborate
“Thousands of cities are undertaking climate action plans, but their aggregate impact on urban emissions is uncertain (robust evidence, high agreement). There has been little systematic assessment on their implementation, the extent to which emission reduction targets are being achieved, or emissions reduced.“
-IPCC Working Group III
Why cities are committing to the Compact of Mayors
1) Widespread recognition of innovative and impactful city action already underway for years
2) A mechanism to demonstrate commitment to be part of the global solution
3) Data collection standards and reporting processes that allow for consistent and reliable assessment of progress
4) Encouragement for national governments to recognize local commitments with resources for those cities taking action.
5
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
1. Major System “As Is” Conditions• System structure (how does it work)• System performance (what are the results)• Key drivers (what affects performance)• Key barriers (what prevents improvements)
2. Vision for Re-Designed Systems• Envisioning the future desired state• System-specific emissions targets
3. System Change Architecture• Levers (general approaches to changing a system)• Strategies (application of a lever to a specific system)• Actions (a specific service, program, funding, regulation or other
mechanism to implement a strategy)
6
TYPICAL SYSTEMS AND SUB-SYSTEMS
SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEMENERGY SUPPLY
• Electricity• Thermal Combustion (Natural Gas, Fuel Oil, etc.)
BUILDINGS
• Single Family Residential• Multi-Family• Small Commercial• Large Commercial• Industrial• Institutional (Education, Medical/Laboratory, etc.)
TRANSPORTATION
• Private vehicles• Commercial freight• Air• Public Transit• Biking/Walking
SOLID WASTE• Commodities (Paper, Textiles, Plastics, Metals, etc.)• Organics/Biological Materials• Industrial Waste (Chemicals, etc.)• Construction & Demolition
WATER• Water Supply• Stormwater• Wastewater
7
VISION FOR SYSTEM REDESIGN - MITIGATION
SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEM
ENERGY SUPPLY
• Decarbonize Imported Electricity• Increased Local Production of Renewable Power• Reduced Demand/Consumption of Electricity• Elimination of Fossil-Fuel Heating Sources• Citywide Energy Management• Grid Modernization
BUILDINGS• High Energy-Efficient Existing Buildings Using
Renewable Power and Energy Recovery• Net-Zero Energy New Buildings• Energy-Performance Building Management• Green Buildings Business and Job-Creation Sector
TRANSPORTATION
• Radically Different Mode Share – 2/3 or More Trips by Public Transit, Walking, Biking
• An Array of Affordable, Accessible Mobility Choices• Market Dominance of Clean-Fuel Vehicles• Connected, Regionalized Mobility System• Alternative Urban Form Promoting Density and
Livability
SOLID WASTE• Zero Waste/Materials Management/Closed Loop• Culture of Sustainable Consumption (Purchasing,
Reuse, Recovery)
8
VISION FOR SYSTEM REDESIGN - ADAPTATION
Additional Systems: Health, Natural Systems/Land Use, Emergency Management
SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEM
ENERGY SUPPLY• Distributed Generation and Micro- and Smart-Grids• Increased Storage Capacity• Infrastructure Hardening and Removal from High-Risk
Areas• Continued functioning during climate emergencies
BUILDINGS• Citywide Infrastructure Upgrades to Protect Property,
including Passive Barriers• New Building Design Standards for Resilience• Relocation of Utilities in High-Risk Areas; Back-up
Systems; and Elevated Structures
TRANSPORTATION
• Hardening and Elevation of Infrastructure• Increased Reliance on Above-Ground Transit, Walking
and Biking• On-Site Renewable Energy Backup Systems• Citywide Evacuation Plans
SOLID WASTE • Zero Waste/Materials Management/Closed Loop System• A Culture of Sustainable Consumption
WATER
• Integrated Water System Management at Watershed Level
• Citywide Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management
• Man-Made and Natural Barriers to Manage Coastal Flooding
9
CITY LEVERS FOR MITIGATION & ADAPTATION
HIGH MARKET IMPACT
LOW MARKET IMPACT
VOLUNTARY MANDATORY
Mandate Behaviors
& investment
s
Encourage Voluntary
Action
Send Price Signals & Provide
Subsidies
Make Targeted
Public Investment
s
Time
10
CITY LEVERS FOR CHANGELEVER EXAMPLES
ENCOURAGE VOLUNTARY ACTION
• Provide information/campaigns• Support communities of practice • Enable behavior change• Provide technical assistance
SEND PRICE SIGNALS & PROVIDE SUBSIDIES
• Provide subsidies for desired investment/behavior
• Provide financing tools to facilitate investment• Increase cost of undesirable behavior
(taxation, fees, cap-and-trade)• Provide regulatory relief in exchange for
investment/behavior
MAKE TARGETED PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
• Lead by example (city operations/facilities)• Invest in infrastructure• Invest in technology development and testing• Invest in local green businesses and job
creationMANDATE BEHAVIORS & INVESTMENTS
• Require reporting of climate performance• Require climate performance (e.g.,
implementation of resilience measures for private property
11
AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BUILDING SECTOR
LEVER STRATEGIES
MITIGATION ACTIONS
ENCOURAGE VOLUNTARY ACTION
Encourage Improved Energy Efficiency Performance of Existing Buildings
• Promote competitive challenges among commercial buildings
• Use public facilities to promote “cool or green roofs”—coating of rooftops white to reduce building energy use
SEND PRICE SIGNALS & PROVIDE SUBSIDIES
Increase ROI for Investment in Building Energy Retrofitting
• Subsidize financial institution lending for energy retrofitting by building owners
• Promote the development of supportive market mechanisms such as: building appraisal and mortgage underwriting that capture value of investments in energy efficiency
MAKE TARGETED PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
Invest in De-Carbonizing Building Heating Systems
• Develop and expand low- to no-carbon district heating and cooling systems
MANDATE BEHAVIORS & INVESTMENTS
Mandate Performance Improvement of Buildings
• Require targeted buildings to benchmark energy performance and/or conduct energy audits
• Require new buildings to meet “net zero energy” standards
12
INTEGRATION OF STRATEGIES IN A NEIGHBORHOOD Increasingly, cities are
focusing on the integration of mitigation and adaptation strategies in specific geographic areas, whether neighborhoods of special districts
These strategies customize the design of building standards, distributed generation, transportation, waste management, and adaptation measures to the unique requirements of a place
13
INTEGRATING CLIMATE GOALS INTO CITY PLANS
Mitigation Strategies
• Mitigation Planning• Emissions
Inventories and Analysis
• Setting Goals• Developing
Strategies• System Strategies
• Buildings• Energy Supply• Transportation• Waste
• Cross-System Issues• Neighborhoods &
Districts• Social Equity
Adaptation Strategies
• Adaptation Planning• Climate Impact
Forecasting• Vulnerability
Assessment• Developing
Strategies• System Strategies
• Buildings• Energy Supply• Transportation• Water/Waste
• Cross-System Issues• Neighborhoods &
Districts• Emergency Mgt• Regional
Governance
City Comprehensive Land Use Plans
City & Regional Transportation Plans
Electric Utility Integrated Resource
PlansCity Utility Plans (Electric, Water,
Waste)Building Energy
PlansEconomic
Development Plans
COMMON CITY CHALLENGES
1. Building Capacity for Sophisticated Modeling & Analytics• Systems change strategies require high levels of detail on the systems, and
the ability to model the potential impact of different strategies and actions2. Political Will, Communications and Stakeholder Engagement• Broad coalitions of stakeholders need to be organized to support the
investments and policy changes needed to achieve deep de-carbonization• Benefits need to be communicated to stakeholders in terms that appeal to
their interests3. Influencing Other Levels of Government• There are limitations on City powers for every system; so transformative
change requires action at other levels of government (regional, state, national)
• Cities need to organize to communicate their interests and influence change
4. Financing the Climate Strategy• Cities must finance their programs to stimulate voluntary action, make
public investments, and enforce mandates.• Cities must design and fund financial incentives/subsidies and pricing
signals (e.g., taxes, cap-and-trade markets) to stimulate the desired private investments and behaviors 14
top related