38 bavinck (hy postatic union)
Post on 14-Apr-2018
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
1/29
- > -
Mnvfbdas Ybeirstnbefbj o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntors Gypostntfd Ybfob
Myubj Go Loob
>. Fbtroeudtfob
Nhtgoujg Girlnb Mnvfbda gne n pro`oube abowhieji fb pgfhosopgy
ns wihh ns fb Tdrfpturnh prfbdfphis nbe fb tgi gfstory o` Dgrfstfnb Eodtrfbis,
gi efe bot nttilpt to ubeirtnai nby pgfhosopgfdnh npohojitfds to ei`ibe gfs
owb eodtrfbnh systilntfzntfob. Gi `oubeie tgi wgohi systil o` gfs tgiohojy
upob, so-dnhhie, prfbdfphis (prfbdfpfn), ri`irrie to iftgir ns prfbdfphis o`
rivihntfob (prfbdfpfn rivihntfobfs) or ns prfbdfphis o` tgiohojy (prfbdfpfn
tgiohojfni).>)
Ugi prfbdfphis o` rivihntfob dobsfst o` tgi prfbdfphi o` mifbj
(prfbdfpful issibef), wgfdg snys tgnt tgi rivinhie efvfbi abowhieji ixfsts
nmsohutihy nbe omkidtfvihy fb si or pir si, nbe tgi prfbdfphi o` abowfbj
(prfbdfpful dojbosdibef), wgfdg snys tgnt ft fs wrfttib fb tgi Tdrfpturi nbe
gnbeie ovir to us ns Joes wore my tgi fhhulfbntfob nbe pirsunsfob o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft.=) Mnvfbda rijnres tgisi prfbdfphis ns rootie fb tgi Urfbftnrfnb
mifbj o` Joe, ns gi dobdhueis, Ft fs tgi @ntgir wgo, tgroujg tgi Tob nsHojos, flpnrts gflsih` to gfs drinturis fb tgi Tpfrft.4)
Joes rivihntfob fs lystiry, ns nri tgi mifbj nbe idoboly o` tgi
Urfubi Joe. Dgrfst, wgo dnli fbto tgfs worhe, fs Joes lystiry rivinhie
fb n moefhy `orl (Doh. =;=). Fb otgir wores, Joes lystiry rivinhie fs tgi
lystiry o` Dgrfst (Doh. 5;4). Dgrfst Gflsih` fs n lystiry nbe rivihntfob.
Ugnt fs wgy tgi Fbdnrbntfob fs tgi dhflnx, drowb, nbe dolphitfob; Nhh
rivihntfob tibes townre nbe jroups nroube tgi fbdnrbntfob ns tgi gfjgist,
rfdgist, nbe lost pir`idt ndt o` sih`-rivihntfob.5)
>) D`. Eobnhe Lndhioe, Mnvfbdas Srohijolibn; @risg Hfjgt ob Nlstirenl, Ohe Srfbditob,
nbe Dorbihfus Pnb Ufh, Zistlfbstir Ugiohojfdnh Kourbnh07 (=330), =0>-7=.
=) D`. Nmrngnl Auypir, Srfbdfphis o` Tndrie Ugiohojy, tr. K. Giberfa Ei Prfis (Jrnbe
]npfes; Iirelnbs, >673), 45> ``.
4) Girlnb Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, voh. >, Srohijolibn, ie. Kogb Moht, tr. Kogb Prfibe
(Jrnbe ]npfes; Mnair, =334), =3:-=>5, quotntfob `rol =>5.
5) Girlnb Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, voh. 4, Tfb nbe Tnhvntfob fb Dgrfst, ie. Kogb Moht,
tr. Kogb Prfibe (Jrnbe ]npfes; Mnair, =330), =:7. D`. Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds,
4:6-73; Ugi dibtir o` tgntQtgi\ rivihntfob fs tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst. Nbe Dgrfst fs n
gfstorfdnh pirsob1 gfs fbdnrbntfob, gfs su``irfbj nbe eintg, fts risurridtfob nbe nsdibsfob
to ginvib nri bot susdiptfmhi o` ripitftfob. Fbeiie ft fs fbtijrnh to tgi fbdnrbntfob tgntgi ibtir gfstory nbe hfvi fb tgi `orl(s) o` tfli.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
2/29
- = -
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs nb gfstorfdnh ivibt wgib tgi efvfbfty o` Kisus
Dgrfst tgi Liefntor wgo dnli fbto tgi worhe wns ubftie wftg gulnbfty fb
obi pirsob. Ugi Tob, tgi sidobe pirsob o` tgi Urfbfty, ns tgi itirbnh
Zore o` Joe, midnli lnb, wftg Gfs issibdi ubdgnbjie. Fb sudg lystiry
o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob hfis tgi lystiry o` drintfob, rivihntfob nbe pfity.
Mnvfbda nrjuis tgnt, `rol tgfs pofbt o` vfiw, Dgrfstohojy fs nt tgi dibtir o`
nhh tgiohojy.9)
Ugi eodtrfbi o` Dgrfst fs bot tgi stnrtfbj pofbt, mut ft dirtnfbhy fs
tgi dibtrnh pofbt o` tgi wgohi systil o` eojlntfds. Nhh otgir eojlns
iftgir pripnri `or ft or nri fb`irrie `rol ft. Fb ft, ns tgi ginrt o`
eojlntfds, puhsis tgi wgohi o` tgi rihfjfous-itgfdnh hf`i o`
Dgrfstfnbfty. Ft fs tgi lystiry o` joehfbiss (> Ufl. 4;>0). @rol tgfs
lystiry nhh Dgrfstohojy gns to prodiie. F`, gowivir, Dgrfst fs tgi
fbdnrbnti Zore, tgib tgi fbdnrbntfob fs tgi dibtrnh `ndt o` tgi ibtfri
gfstory o` tgi worhe; tgib, too, ft lust gnvi miib pripnrie `rol
mi`ori tgi njis nbe gnvi fts i``idts tgroujgout itirbfty.0)
N`tir tgi oreir wgiri Kogb Dnhvfb gne phndie Dgrfstohojy fb gfs
mooa Ugi Fbstftutis o` tgi Dgrfstfnb ]ihfjfob,:) Mnvfbda trintie Dgrfstohojy
fb sudg sidtfobs ns tgi Dovibnbt o` Jrndi, tgi Sirsob o` Dgrfst, nbe
tgi Zora o` Dgrfst, wgfdg njnfb fs efvfeie fb two sidtfobs, Dgrfsts
gulfhfntfob nbe Dgrfsts ixnhtntfob, fb gfs two lnkor woras; ]i`orlie
Eojlntfds (Jiri`orliirei Eojlntfia) nbe Our ]insobnmhi @nftg (Lnjbnhfn
Eif).7) Ugfs oreir o` tindgfbj (oreo eodibef) gns miib fbgirftie to mooas
ob systilntfd tgiohojy fb sumsiquibt jibirntfobs my @rnbdfs Uurritfb,
Gifbrfdg Gippi, nbe Dgnrhis Goeji.6) Zi dnb sii, `rol tgi oreir, tgi `ndt
9) Ugisi `ohhowfbj tgiohojfnbs, nhtgoujg tgifr vfiws vnry, nri fb njriilibt to `fbe tgi
dibtrnhfty o` Dgrfstohojy fb tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi two bnturis o` Dgrfst. D`. J. D.
Miraouwir, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst (Jrnbe ]npfes; Iirelnbs, >695), =>-901 Eobnhe J.
Mhoisdg, Kisus Dgrfst; Tnvfor nbe Hore (Eowbirs Jrovi, FH; FPS, >66:), >>-=51 Eobnhe
Lndhioe, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst (Eowbirs Jrovi, FH; FPS, >66:), >7>-=341 Dgfrhiy D.
Jutgrfi, Kr., Dgrfstfnb Eodtrfbi (Nthnbtn; Kogb Abox, >670), ==4-==91 Mirbnre H. ]nll, Nb
Ivnbjihfdnh Dgrfstohojy; Idulibfd nbe Gfstorfd (Biw Vora; Ugolns Bihsob Sumhfsgirs,
>679), >9-=:.
0) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:5.
:) Fbstftutfo dgrfstfnbni rihfjfobfs, fb hfmros quntuor bubd prflul efjistn, dirtfsqui efstfbdtn
dnpftfmus, ne nptfssflnl litgoeul;nudtn itfnl tnl lnjbn nddissfobi ut propiloeul
opus bovul gnmirf possft, >996, =,0->:.
7) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.>64-57=1 Girlnb Mnvfbda, Our ]insobnmhi @nftg, tr.
Gibry [yhstrn (Jrnbe ]npfes; Iirelnbs, >690), =03-479.6) @rnbdfs Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, ie. Knlis U. Eibbfsob, tr. Jiorji
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
3/29
- 4 -
tgnt tgi ]i`orlie Dgrfstohojy eybnlfdnhhy flphfis tgi eodtrfbis o`
rivihntfob nbe sotirfohojy.>3)
Ugfs nrtfdhi wfhh nrjui tgnt soli dgnrndtirfstfds o` tgi ]i`orlie
Dgrfstohojy stnbe out fb Mnvfbdas tgiohojy my tgi gypostntfd ubfob tgiory
o` tgi efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor. Tidtfob = wfhh efsduss
tgi sfjbf`fdnbdi o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob ns tgi gfstorfdnh ivibt o` tgi gypostntfd
ubfob `rol tgi pirspidtfvis o` tgi Urfbfty, drintfob nbe rivihntfob. Tidtfob
4 einhs wftg dobdiptfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft, tgi lystiry o` tgi gypostntfd
ubfob nbe tgi dollubfdntfob mitwiib efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty. Tidtfob 5
nrjuis tgnt liefntfob nddorefbj to gypostntfd ubfob fs tgi `uh`fhhlibt o` nhh
propgitfd dovibnbts nbe tgi liefntfob o` ubfob tgnt opibs tgi eoor `or
Joes dgfherib to dollubi wftg Gfl, my ixnlfbfbj gow liefntfob fs mifbj
ub`oheie fb Gfs Gulfhfntfob nbe Ixnhtntfob nbe wgnt flphfdntfob ft gns ob
tgi ixpfntfob o` our sfbs. Tidtfob 9 sullnrfzis nbe dobdhueis tgi
efsdussfob ob tgi gypostntfd ubfob tgnt Mnvfbda fs nrjufbj.
=. Ugrii Ihilibts o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob
=.>. Ugi Urfbfty
@frst, Mnvfbda pofbts out tgnt, fb oreir to mi Tdrfpturnh nbe
Dgrfstfnb, wi biie to gohe ob to tgi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob, wgfhi wi
wouhe hosi tgi rfdgis o` Tdrfpturi nbe tgi gobor o` Dgrfst wgib wi hosi
sfjgt o` ft.>>) Gi tgfbas tgnt tgi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob fs nb ivibt tgnt
tgi itirbnh eidrii o` tgi Urfbftnrfnb Joe gns miib `uh`fhhie gfstorfdnhhy.
Ns sumkidt, ns F, gi efe bot eisdibe `rol Nenl mut wns tgi Tob
o` tgi @ntgir, dgosib `rol itirbfty to mi tgi gine o` n biw
dovibnbt. Bot Nenl mut Joe wns gfs `ntgir. Ns n pirsob gi wns
Lusjrnvi Jfjir (Sgfhhfpsmurj, BK; Srismytirfnb nbe ]i`orlie Sumhfsgfbj, >665), =.>06-933.
Dgnrhis Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, 4 vohs., rip (Jrnbe ]npfes; Iirelnbs, >669),
=.495-047. Gifbrfdg Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe Fhhustrntie `rol tgi
Tourdis, tr. J. U. Ugolsob, riv. ie. (Hobeob; Jiorji Nhhib & Ybwfb, >693), 4:>-936.
>3) D`. Dorbihfus Pnb Ufh, Mnvfbda tgi Ugiohojfnb, Zistlfbstir Ugiohojfdnh Kourbnh
>60>(=5/>), >->:. Ugfs fs wrfttib ns n rivfiw pnpir `or tgi `ohhowfbj wora, ]. G.
Mrillir, Girlnb Mnvfbda nhs Eojlntfdus (Anlpib; K. G. Aoa, >60>).
>>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.435. D`. M. M. Znr`fihe, Ugi Uwo Bnturis nbe ]idibt
Dgrfstohojfdnh Tpiduhntfob, fb Dgrfstohojy nbe Drftfdfsl (Biw Vora; Ox`ore Ybfvirsfty
Sriss, >64=), =96; Ugi eodtrfbi o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob fs tgi gfbji ob wgfdg tgi Dgrfstfnbsystil turbs.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
4/29
- 5 -
bot tgi proeudt o` gulnbafbe mut gflsih` dnli to gulnbafbe `rol
wftgout nbe ibtirie fbto fts rnbas.>=)
Fb tgfs rispidt, Mnvfbda `fbes tgi `frst linbfbj o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob fb
tgnt tgi prisupposftfob nbe `oubentfob o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob hfis fb tgi
Urfbftnrfnb mifbj o` Joe.>4) Ugi sumkidt o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob fs tgi sidobe
pirsob o` tgi Urfbfty, Kisus Dgrfst. Ugi itirbnh Tob o` Joe midnli n lnb
to `fbfsg tgi wora o` sumstftutfobnry ntobilibt, nddorefbj to tgi itirbnh
doubsih o` tgi Urfbftnrfnb Joe, pndtul snhutfs. Ugroujg tgi liefntfob o`
tgi Tob, Joe tgi @ntgir midolis tgi @ntgir o` Gfs dgfherib, nbe tgi Gohy
Tpfrft tgifr Dol`ortir.>5)
]ikidtfbj tgi Hutgirnb vfiw o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob, wgfdg snys tgnt tgi
efvfbi bnturi fb tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob midnli gulnb, Mnvfbda neopts tgi
]i`orlie `orluhntfob tgnt tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob wns flliefntihy ubftie
wftg tgi gulnb bnturi, nbe tgi efvfbi bnturi wns Qtgiri`ori\ liefntihy
ubftie wftg ft, wgfdg rijnres tgi sumkidt o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob ns tgi pirsob
o` tgi sidobe pirsob o` tgi Urfbfty. Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs bot n pnbtgifstfd
ilnbntfob tgnt `orls drinturis wgib issibdi or efvfbfty o` tgi Urfbftnrfnb
Joe spfhhs ovir, `howfbj out, mut n pirsobnh opirntfob (opus pirsobnhi) o`
tgi sidobe pirsob o` tgi Urfbfty. Ugi gypostntfd ubfob mitwiib tgi efvfbi
nbe gulnb bnturis fs liefnti fb tgnt ft fs tgroujg tgi flliefnti
nssulptfob o` tgi gulnb bnturi fbto tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob.>9)
Ugi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob hfis fb tgi `ndt tgnt Joe midnli
lnb wftgout nby neeftfob or nby sumtrndtfob, rivinhfbj tgi lystiry o` tgi
Urfbfty. Ugiri obhy fs (issi) obi Joe nbe gypostntfdnhhy tgiri ixfsts
(sumsfstiri) tgrii pirsobs. Ugrii gypostnsis or gypostntfd mifbjs
(sumsfstibtfni) dnb mi efstfbjufsgie fb tgifr propirtfis mut nri nhwnys tgi
snli fb issibdi, bnlihy, fb tgi efvfbfty. Ugiri`ori, tgi Tob fs Joe nbe nt
tgi snli tfli, tgi Liefntor mitwiib Joe nbe lnb. Mnvfbda sinrdgie `or
tgi possfmfhfty o` sudg n lystirfous fbdnrbntfob fb tgi issibdi o` tgi
Urfubi Joe nbe `or fts gfstorfdnh idoboly fb tgi itirbnh pndtul snhutfs.
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob, wgfdg lny mi `oubeie upob tgi issibdi o` Joe, fs owfbj
to Joes owb wfhh. Ft fs bot bidissnry, ns tgi pnbtgifst wouhe sny, bor
dobtfbjibt, ns tgi eifst wouhe sny.>0)
>=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=65.
>4) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:5.
>5) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:0.>9) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:0.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
5/29
- 9 -
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs n propir wora o` tgi sidobe pirsob o` tgi
Urfbfty, tgi Tob. Mnvfbda dob`frls gfs posftfob `rol tgi stntilibt
proeudie nt tgi sfxtg Tyboe o` Uohieo (NE 047). Obhy Qtgi Tob\ nssulis
gulnb bnturi fb tgi sfbjuhnrfty o` tgi pirsob, bot fb tgi ubfty o` tgi
efvfbi bnturi; fb wgnt fs piduhfnr to tgi Tob, bot wgnt fs dollob to tgi
Urfbfty.>:) Ugi Fbdnrbntfob, gowivir, fs tgi wora kofbthy eobi my tgi
pirsobs o` tgi Urfbfty, ns nri nhh otgir woras o` Joe.>7) Dollibts my
Mnvfbda ob tgi Fbdnrbntfob ns `ohhows, nri fb dolphfnbdi wftg tgi stnbenre
stntilibt o` tgi idobolfd trfbfty; Vit tgoujg sumkidtfvihy nbe ns ft
pirtnfbs to fts ibe, tgi fbdnrbntfob fs piduhfnr obhy to tgi Tob, stfhh wftg
rispidt to fts orfjfb, mijfbbfbj, nbe i``idtfvibiss, ft fs n wora o` tgi wgohi
Urfbfty.>6)
=.=. Drintfob
Tidobe, Mnvfbda stnrts tgi efsdussfob o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob my gfbtfbj
nt tgi possfmfhfty o` tgi drintfob o` gulnb mifbjs `rol tgi itirbnh
mijittfbj o` tgi Tob my tgi @ntgir. Ixpoubefbj tgi eodtrfbi o` drintfob,
Mnvfbda nssirts tgnt tgi fbwnre wora (opus ne fbtrn), ixprissie my
jibirntfob (jibirntfo) nbe prodissfob (prodissfo), ri`hidts tgi outwnre wora
(opus ne ixtrn) o` tgi wora o` drintfob. Snrtfduhnrhy, ft fs tgi drintfbj o`
lnb, nhso dnhhie tgi flnji o` tgi Urfbfty (flnjo trfbftntfs), tgnt mist
riprisibts tgi stnlps o` tgi Urfbfty (vistfjfn trfbftntfs).=3)
Mnvfbda siis tgnt tgi drintfob o` lnb gne miib phnbbie ubeir tgi
prisupposftfob o` Joes fbdnrbntfob, `or Nenl wns nhriney n typi o`
Dgrfst. F` so, fs Mnvfbda ob tgi snli pnji wftg Nberins Osfnbeir, wgo
nrjuis tgnt tgi Fbdnrbntfob wouhe gnvi stfhh miib riqufrie, gnebt tgiri
ivib miib tgi @nhh? Zns tgi Fbdnrbntfob n bidissnry doursi o` ndtfob to
dolphiti tgi flpir`idt gulnbfty supirbnturnhhy?=>)
Tudg quistfobs lny nrfsi wgib wi try to lnai n tfjgt dobbidtfob
>0) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:5-=:9, =::.
>:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:0.
>7) Ugfs ri`irs to tgi prfbdfphi tgnt nhh tgi outwnre woras o` Joe nri dollob nbe
fbefvfsfmhi(opirn ne ixtrn dollubfn it fbefvfsn). Girlnb Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds,
voh. =, Joe nbe Drintfob, ie. Kogb Moht, tr. Kogb Prfibe (Jrnbe ]npfes; Mnair, =335), 4>7.
>6) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:0. Dnhvfb, Fbst. >.>4.>7 (DO =.>39); pntrf prfbdfpful
njibef, rirulqui olbful `obs it sdnturfjo nttrfmuftur1 `fhfo snpfibtfn, dobsfhful, fpsnqui
fb rimus njibefs efspibsntfo1 nt spfrftuf vfrtus it i``fdndfn nssfjbntur ndtfobfs.
=3) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, =.44=-444, 5=3-5=4.=>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=::-=:7.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
6/29
- 0 -
mitwiib tgi liefntfob o` snhvntfob nbe drintfob my Dgrfst. Mnvfbda tgfbas
tgnt tgi Fbdnrbntfob ri`hidts tgi drintfob o` lnb nbe nrjuis `or tgi
liefntfob o` Dgrfst, wgo nddolphfsgie ft. Ugiri`ori, my dftfbj Tdrfpturnh
virsis, wgfdg snys tgnt Dgrfst fs tgi `frstmorb ovir nhh drintfob (prwtotoaok
pnsgk atfsiwk) (Doh. >;>9) nbe tgi Mijfbbfbj o` tgi drintfob o` Joe (nvrdg tgk
atfsiwk tou qiou) (]iv. 4;>5), Mnvfbda ubeirhfbis tgi `ndt tgnt Dgrfst fs tgi
Liefntor o` ri-drintfob.==) F` so, eois Mnvfbda ndabowhieji tgnt ri-drintfob
fs nb ivibt tgnt Dgrfst tnais tgi supirbnturnh efvfbi bnturi rijnrehiss o`
sfb?
Mnvfbdas nbswir to sudg n quistfob fs eidfsfvihy bijntfvi.=4) Gi
dhinrhy botis tgi `ndt tgnt Joes lfbe eurfbj tgi drintfob o` Nenl wns to
dnrry out tgi dovibnbt o` woras my lnafbj Dgrfst n rieiilir,=5) wgfhi
ihudfentfbj tgi ]i`orlie prfbdfphi tgnt tgi `fbfti fs bot dnpnmhi o` tgi
fb`fbfti (`fbftul bob ist dnpnx fb`fbftf) nbe rikidtfbj tgi tgiory o` tgi
Dollubfdntfob o` Nttrfmutis o` Hutgirnbs nssirtfbj tgnt gulnbs nri
dnpnmhi o` tgi efvfbi bnturi (golo efvfbni bnturni dnpnx).=9) Mnvfbda snys
tgnt tgi Fbdnrbntfob eipibes ob Joes jooe phinsuri to snvi tgi `nhhib
gulnb rndi, bot n bidissnry ivibt nt tgi tfli o` drintfob.=0)
Mnsfdnhhy stnbefbj ob tgi sfei o` fb`rnhnpsnrfnbfsl nbe efsdussfbj
motg tgi Liefntor fb drintfob nbe fb rieilptfob fb tgi snli mrintg,
Mnvfbda put ilpgnsfs ob tgi `ndt tgnt tgi dgurdg fs tgi liefntor o`
ubfob (liefntor ubfobfs) rijnrehiss o` tgi oreir o` lnbs `nhh. Mnvfbda
n``frls tgnt tgi Fbdnrbntfob gns nhriney miib ibjrnvie fb tgi orfjfbnh
drintfob o` lnb nbe fb tgi snhvntfob o` lnb, bnlihy, fb tgi idoboly o`
ri-drintfob.=:) Ugus, Mnvfbda omsirvis tgnt, kust ns lnb midnli tgi flnji
o` tgi trfubi Joe tgroujg drintfob nbe ristie wftg Joe, wi nri nmhi to
`ihhowsgfp wftg tgi Urfbfty my mifbj ubftie wftg Dgrfst tgroujg ri-drintfob.
Mnvfbda ridaobs tgi Fbdnrbntfob ns drintfob, tgi opus ne fbtrn o` Dgrfst,
nbe ns ri-drintfob, tgi itirbnh eidrii to Gfs opus ne ixtrn. Ugiri`ori,
midnusi o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob, snhvntfob gns bot obhy n pirsobnh mut nhso n
ubfvirsnh sfjbf`fdnbdi. Tudg n posftfob wns nhso gihe my Dnhvfb, wgo wns
==) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, =.5=4.
=4) Ob tgi otgir gnbe tgi `ohhowfbj nutgor wfhh jfvi nb n``frlntfvi nbswir to tgfs. Tfbdi gi
rijnres tgi abowhieji o` drintfob nbe tgi fbdnrbntfob o` Dgrfst ns pridieibt to tgnt o`
Joe tgi Urfbfty. Dohfb I. Jubtob, Dgrfst nbe Drintfob (Jrnbe ]npfes; Iirelnbs, >66=),
:>-:6.
=5) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:7.
=9) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=::.
=0) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:6.=:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.44=-444.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
7/29
- : -
mnsfdnhhy n suprnhnpsnrfnb.=7) Fb tgfs lnttir, wi dnb sii tgnt Mnvfbda fs
tnafbj tgi posftfob tgnt fbtir`usis motg fb`rnhnpsnrfnbfsl nbe
suprnhnpsnrfnbfsl fb oreir to ibdolpnss tgi idobolfis o` drintfob nbe
snhvntfob.=6) Fb `ndt, ft fs snfe tgnt n spidtrul o` efvirsi opfbfobs ob tgfs
pofbt my ]i`orlie tgiohojfnbs nri eui to ef``iribdis fb ilpgnsfs or fb
vfiwpofbts.43)
=.4. ]ivihntfob
Ugfre, Mnvfbda nees rivihntfob `or prisupposftfob nbe pripnrntfob.
Ugi Hore, wgo tooa tgi `orl o` gulnb `hisg to doli fbto tgfs worhe,
rivinhie Gflsih` ns hf`i nbe hfjgt to piophi, wgfdg wns dob`frlie fb tgi
mijfbbfbj o` tgi Jospih nddorefbj to Kogb (Kogb >;>, 9, 6). Zftgout tgi
Fbdnrbntfob, biftgir tgi rivihntfob o` drintfob bor tgnt o` snhvntfob douhe
stnbe, `or tgi worhe wns drintie my tgi Tob, wgo dnli fbto tgfs worhe
(Kogb >;5).4>)
Ugi fbdnrbntfob hfbas up wftg tgi pridiefbj rivihntfob, motg tgi
jibirnh nbe tgi spidfnh. Ft stnbes nbe `nhhs wftg tgil. @or f` Joe
wns nmhi to rivinh gflsih` fb tgi wny Tdrfpturi tistf`fis wftg rispidt
motg to tgi Jibtfhi worhe nbe to Fsrnih, tgib tgi possfmfhfty o` tgi
fbdnrbntfob fs fbgiribthy fbdhueie fb tgnt rivihntfob1 nbe f` tgi
fbdnrbntfob wiri bot possfmhi, tgib biftgir douhe tgi rivihntfob mi
lnfbtnfbie. ]ivihntfob, n`tir nhh, fs mnsie ob tgi snli fein ns tgi
fbdnrbntfob; ob tgi dollubfdnmfhfty o` Joe, motg fb gfs mifbj to tgi
Tob(jibirntfob) nbe outsfei gfs mifbj to drinturis(drintfob).4=)
@rol tgfs pirspidtfvi, Mnvfbda rihntis tgi Fbdnrbntfob wftg tgi
ibtfri Mfmhfdnh rivihntfob. Ugi ubfob o` tgi efvfbfty nbe tgi gulnbfty tihhs
us tgnt drintfob o` tgi mijfbbfbj wns bot my pnbtgifstfd ilnbdfpntfob mut
`rol botgfbj (ix bfgfho),44) nbe tgnt tgi Liefntor o` snhvntfob fs bot n tgfre
=7) Dnhvfb, Fbst. =.>=.5-0.
=6) K. Lnra Mindg, Fbtroeudtory Issny, fb Girlnb Mnvfbda, Ugi Gohy Tpfrfts Zora fb
Dnhhfbj nbe ]ijibirntfob, tr. Bihsob E. Ahoostirlnb (Jrnbe ]npfes; ]i`orlntfob Girftnji,
=337), xvf-xx.
43) Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe Fhhustrntie `rol tgi Tourdis, >44->56.
4>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=73.
4=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=73-=7>.44) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=7=-=70.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
8/29
- 7 -
mifbj mut n trui-Joe-trui-lnb Dgrfst.45) Ugi Fbdnrbntfob rivinhs tgi `ndt
tgnt Dgrfst Gflsih` fs tgi dobtibt o` Dgrfstfnbfty.49)
Fb nrjufbj nmout tgi prfbdfphi o` rivihntfob, Mnvfbda ubeirhfbis tgi
tgiohojy o` ubfob (tgiohojfn ubfobfs) fb Dgrfst, tgnt tgi nrdgitypnh
rivihntfob (rivihntfo nrdgitypn), tgi fbtirbnh abowhieji o` Joe, wgfdg
midnli nddolloentie to us, wns ridoreie fb Tdrfpturi ns idtypnh
rivihntfob (rivihntfo idtypn) wgib wi ridifvie ft my tgi fbspfrntfob o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft.40) Fb tgi snli vifb gi ivib rihntis tgi Fbdnrbntfob wftg orjnbfd
fbspfrntfob o` tgi wrftirs o` tgi Tdrfpturis.4:) Gi nhso nrjuis `or tgi
su``fdfibdy o` Tdrfpturi my dobsfeirfbj tgi rieilptfvi wora ubeir tgi
Fbdnrbntfob ns tgi hnst nbe suprili rivihntfob.47)
4. Ugi Gypostntfd Ybfob o` tgi Efvfbfty nbe tgi Gulnbfty fb obi
Sirsob
4.>. Ugi Lystiry o` tgi Ybfob; tgi Dobdiptfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs tgi wora o` tgi trfubi Joe. Ugi @ntgir sibt Gfs
Tob. Ugi Gohy Tpfrft drintie tgi gulnbfty o` tgi Tob. Lnrys flprijbntfob
wns `rol tgi supirbnturnh dobdiptfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft. Ugnt fs gow tgi
gohy gulnbfty wns ubftie wftg tgi efvfbfty o` tgi Tob. Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs
nhso tgi wora o` tgi Tob Gflsih`, wgo midnli lnb. Gi wns gflsih` tgi
ndtfbj sumkidt wgo my tgi Gohy Tpfrft pripnrie n moey `or gflsih` fb Lnrys
moey.46) Dgrfst, tgoujg sibt my tgi @ntgir, dnli my gfs owb wfhh nbe eii
e.53)
Mnvfbda trfis to `fbe tgi lystiry o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob fb tgi
propirty tgnt tgi supirbnturnh flprijbntfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft gns. Ugi
Gohy Tpfrft ndts bot obhy ns tgi fbstrulibtnh dnusi mut nhso ns tgi
i``fdfibt dnusi (dnusn i``fdfibs).5>) Zgib tgi tfli gne `uhhy doli, tgi
45) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=75.
49) D`. Girlnb Mnvfbda, Ugi Sgfhosopgy o` ]ivihntfob (Biw Vora; Hobjlnbs, >636), >:3-=3=.
40) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, >.=>3-=>5.
4:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, >.545-549, 55=-554.
47) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, >.563-56>. Ugi tgrii sfjbf`fdnbdis fbtroeudie giri
fhhulfbnti ovirnrdgfbj prfbdfphis o` Mnvfbdas Dgrfstohojy. Botnmhy, Dgnrhis Goeji eois
bot libtfob tgil nt nhh fb einhfbj wftg tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst. Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy,
=.4:7 ``., 0>3 ``.
46) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=64.
53) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=63.5>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, =.=0>-=05.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
9/29
- 6 -
powir o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft, wgo gns woraie `rol drintfob to ri-drintfob,
drintie tgi gohy gulnbfty o` Dgrfst fb tgi moey o` Lnrfn. Gfs gulnbfty,
mifbj drintie my tgi Gohy Tpfrft, dnb mi ubftie to Gfs pirsob. Ugfs spidfnh
ubfob, ibnmhie my tgi wora o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft, `orls tgi pirsob o` tgi
Liefntor wftg motg efvfbi nbe gulnb bnturis. Ugi supirbnturnh
flprijbntfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft gns ibnmhie ubfob nbe dollubfob mitwiib
Joe nbe lnb fb Dgrfst. Ugi wora o` lnb fb Dgrfst wiri nttrfmutie to
Joes wora, wgfdg dobtfbuie tgroujgout tgi hf`i o` Kisus nbe wfhh dobtfbui
tgi stnti o` ixnhtntfob.5=)
Giri Mnvfbda, ri`hidtfbj tgi ne fbtrn, Urfbftnrfnb idoboly o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft, fs ixpoubefbj tgi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob tgnt gfs gulnbfty
fs ubftie wftg tgi efvfbfty fb tgi Tob ns tgi sumkidt. Ugfs afbe o` posftfob
fs fb tgi snli tgrine wftg gfs ilpgnsfs ob tgi pirsobnh propirty o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft `rol tgi pirspidtfvi o` ubfob nbe dollubfob my efsdussfbj
nmout tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi Urfbfty ns `ohhows;54)
Zftgout tgi pirsobnhfty nbe eifty o` tgi Tpfrft tgiri dnb mi bo trui
obibiss mitwiib tgi @ntgir nbe tgi Tob. Ugosi wgo eiby tgi eifty
o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft dnbbot lnfbtnfb tgnt o` tgi Tob. Ugi Urfbfty obhy
dolphitis ftsih` fb tgi efvfbi pirsob o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft. Obhy tgroujg
tgnt pirsob eois tgi ubfty o` mifbj fb tgi tgriibiss o` tgi
pirsobs nbe tgi tgriibiss o` pirsobs fb tgi ubfty o` mifbj, doli
fbto mifbj. Ugi ibtfri eojln o` tgi Urfbfty, tgi lystiry o`
Dgrfstfnbfty, tgi ginrt o` rihfjfob, tgi trui nbe jibufbi dollubfob
o` our souhs wftg Joetgiy nhh stnbe or `nhh wftg tgi eifty o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft.55)
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob oddurrie my tgi powir o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft fb tgi Tob
my tgi wfhh o` tgi @ntgir. Ugi Fbdnrbntfob oddurrie bot obhy fb tgi Tob mut
nhso my tgi Tob. Ft wns tgi wora o` tgi Tob, wgo, ns tgi obi tgnt liefntie
Joe nbe lnb eurfbj drintfob, dnrrfie out tgi liefntfbj wora o`
rieilptfob my midolfbj lnb gflsih`. Ugi gulnbfty o` tgi Tob nssulie
tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst wgib drintie, nbe nt tgi snli tfli, wns ubftie wftg
5=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=6>-=6=.
54) Dobdirbfbj our ubfob wftg Dgrfst jroubeie ob Dgrfsts ubfob wftg us tgroujg tgi
fbdnrbntfob, ]omirt Hitgnl, Ugi Zora o` Dgrfst (Eowbirs Jrovi, FH; FPS, >664), ::-7:,
>75->70.55) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, =.4>=.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
10/29
- >3 -
Gfs efvfbfty. Tudg n lystiry fs eui to n viry spidfnh ndtfvfty ob tgi pnrt
o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft.59) Ugi wora o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft fb tgi supirbnturnh
dobdiptfob dnbbot mi siib obhy ns tgi ixtibsfob o` tgi ne ixtrn drintfob.
Ft oddurrie fb tgi lfest o` tgi ne fbtrn idoboly o` tgi Urfbfty. Ugi Gohy
Tpfrft, wgo drintie tgi gulnbfty, fs tgi Tpfrft o` tgi itirbnh Tob. Ugi Gohy
Tpfrft wns worafbj fb tgi Tob eurfbj tgi Fbdnrbntfob, wgfdg fs nhso tgi
wora o` tgi Tob. Ugi pirsob o` tgi Tob ubeirwibt bo nhtirntfob eurfbj
Gfs owb wora.50) Fb sgort, Mnvfbda rines tgi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob
`rol tgi idoboly o` tgi Urfbfty.
Dobdiptfob my tgi Gohy Tpfrft wns bot tgi eiipist jroube nbe `fbnh
dnusi o` Kisus sfbhissbiss, ns lnby tgiohojfnbs sny, mut ft wns tgi
obhy wny fb wgfdg gi wgo nhriney ixfstie ns n pirsob nbe wns
nppofbtie gine o` n biw dovibnbt douhe bow nhso fb n gulnb wny
fb tgi `hisgmi nbe rilnfb wgo gi wns; tgi Dgrfst, Tob o` Joe tgi
Lost Gfjg.5:)
4.=. Dgrfsthiss Dgrfstohojy
Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt, f` obi efe bot ndabowhieji tgi
liefntfob o` tgi efvfbi nbe gulnb bnturis o` Kisus Dgrfst, tgiri wouhe mi
bo Dgrfstfnb `nftg. Ugiri fs obhy gulnb Kisus fb tgi Nrfnb Dgrfstohojy, tgi
lornh Dgrfstohojy o` rntfobnhfsl, tgi sylmohfd Dgrfstohojy o` Anbt, tgi feinh
Dgrfstohojy o` Gijih, tgi nistgitfd Dgrfstohojy o` Ei Zitti, nbe tgi
nbtgropohojfdnh Dgrfstohojy o` @iuirmndg.57)
Ugiri rilnfbs obhy tgi nrdgitypi o` gulnbafbe to
Tdghifirlndgir, wgo gflsih` snfe ndabowhiejie tgi efvfbfty o` Dgrfst mut
wgo feibtf`fie ft wftg Joe-dobsdfousbiss. Tdghifirlndgir libtfobie Joes
mifbj fb Dgrfst mut efe bot ndabowhieji tgnt Dgrfst fs Joe. Obhy tgi
efvfbfzfbj o` tgi gulnb (qiwsfk), bot tgi Fbdnrbntfob, rilnfbs giri.56)
59) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=6=.
50) Fb tgfs rispidt Mnvfbdas posftfob sgouhe mi ef``iribtfntie `rol tgnt o` Tpfrft-Dgrfstohojy
tgnt nri eiphoyie fb tgisi woras. ]ojir Gnfjgt T. K. Ugi Dnsi `or Tpfrft Dgrfstohojy
Ugiohojfdnh Ttuefis 94(>66=), =9:-=7:1 ]nhpg Eih Dohhi, Dgrfst nbe tgi Tpfrft;
Tpfrft-Dgrfstohojy fb n Urfbftnrfnb Sirspidtfvi (Ox`ore; Ox`ore Ybfvirsfty, >665)1 Kurjib
Lohtlnbb, Ugi Zny o` Dgrfst (Lfbbinpohfs; @ortriss Sriss, >664).
5:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=65-=69.
57) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=75.
56) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=0=-=04. D`. Myubj-Go Loob, N Drftfdfsl o`Tdghifirlndgirs Lystfdnh nbe Snbtgifstfd Dgrfstohojy, Dgobjsgfb Ugiohojfdnh Kourbnh
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
11/29
- >> -
Nhh wistirb tgiohojfis `ohhowfbj Tdghifirlndgir gnvi put lori
ilpgnsfs ob midolfbj rntgir tgnb ob mifbj fb einhfbj wftg tgi pirsob o`
Dgrfst, wftg shfjgt vnrfntfobs ob wgitgir fts sumkidt fs Joe or Joe-lnb.
Ugfs tribe fs dollob to ]ftsdgh, Girrlnbb, An`tnb, nbe Grfbj, wgo
pofbtie to Dgrfsts mifbj nb itgfdnh loeih1 ]otgi, nbe Eorbir, wgo nrjuie
tgnt Dgrfsts efvfbfty jriw nt tgi snli tfli wftg tgi gulnbfty1 nbe tgi
Aibosfs eodtrfbi, wgfdg snys tgnt ft oddurs, fbstine o` hooafbj sflfhnr, wftg
tgi efvfbfty mifbj `orlnhhy prisibt.93)
Tudg n tribe o` tgi tfli jnvi mfrtg to nb ixtrili sidt, so-dnhhie
^uist o` tgi Gfstorfdnh Kisus. Fbeiie, Kisus ob tgfs inrtg to tgil wns
obhy n sob wgo fbtroeudie tgi @ntgir to us. Ns Gnrbnda botis, tgi Jospih
fs bot tgi Tob mut tgi biws o` tgi Tob nmout tgi @ntgir. Ft fs bot Kisus
Gflsih` wgo wi mihfivi. Zgnt fs rihivnbt to us fs bot Kisus Gflsih` mut
`nftg fb Kisus. Nddorefbj to Gnrbnda, tgiri fs bo Kisus mut n rihfjfous
ixpirfibdi nmout Kisus or n vfiw o` Gfl.9>) Fb tgfs rispidt, to Dnrhyhi gi
wns n giro, to Ttrnuss n rihfjfous jibfus, to ]ibnb n hfmirnh ri`orlir nbe
prindgir o` gulnbfty, to Tdgopibgnuir n girnhe o` tgi bijntfob o` tgi wfhh
to hfvi, to Srouegob n sodfnh ri`orlir.9=)
Mnvfbda vfiws tgnt sudg n quist o` tgi gfstorfdnh Kisus, wgfdg
bijhidts tgi pirsob o` Kisus Dgrfst wftg tgi efvfbi nbe gulnb bnturis, wfhh
risuht fb n Dgrfsthiss Dgrfstohojy, `or tgi eodtrfbi o` Dgrfst sgouhe mi
mnsie ob nbe oddur wftgfb tgi moubenrfis o` tgi Dgnhdieob sylmoh.94)
Ugi gfstorfdfty o` Kisus dnb gnvi n Dgrfstfnb linbfbj wgib soujgt n`tir
obhy fb tgi `ndt tgnt gi fs nhso tgi itirbnh Joe. Ugi ubfquibiss o`
Dgrfstfnbfty, efstfbdt `rol tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi Urfbfty, dnbbot mi libtfobie
f` wi bijhidt tgi `ndt tgnt Gi gns midoli tgi snli lnb ns wi nri.
Ugiri`ori, obhy tgi Urfbftnrfnbfstfd Dgrfstohojy fs trui.
Nhtgoujg Mnvfbda efe usi sudg n hnbjunji, gfs stnbefbj ob tgfs fs
`frl ns dnb mi siib mihow;
F` giQDgrfst\ fs jofbj to mi bot tgi sumkidt mut tgi omkidt nbe dibtir
>0/>(=3>>), 05-06.
93) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=04-=00. D`. Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.543-553.
9>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=0:-=07.
9=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=06.
94) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=96. Dobdirbfbj tgi `ndt tgnt ortgoeox Dgrfstohojy fs
mnsie ob tgi Dgnhdieob driie `rol Dnhvfb to Dnhvfbfsts, ]omirt H. ]iylobe, N Biw
Tystilntfd Ugiohojy o` tgi Dgrfstfnb @nftg, 030-0==1 Lndhioe, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst,>7>-=34.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
12/29
- >= -
o` tgi Dgrfstfnb rihfjfob, nbe f` tgfs Dgrfstfnb rihfjfob fs to prisirvi
fts ubfquibiss nbe bot eijibirnti fbto nb feohntrous Kisus duht, ft fs
bot iboujg `or Dgrfst to mi fb Joe(ivbqiok), mut gi lust gflsih` mi
Joe(qiok), tgi obhy mijottib o` tgi @ntgir.95)
Ugi tindgfbj ob tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor, wgfdg wns
istnmhfsgie my tgi Doubdfh o` Dgnhdieob, prisibts tgi ginrt o` tgi
Urfbftnrfnbfstfd Dgrfstohojy. Dgrfst fs tgi omkidt o` `nftg, bot n sumkidt hfai
us. Gi fs lnb ns Joe. Ugiri`ori, wi lust bot dobsfeir Dgrfst ns n purihy
lnb, wgo fs lnb. Nhh Dgrfstfnb tgiohojfnbs nri tnhafbj nmout Dgrfst, mut
tgosi wgo hnda tgi ubeirstnbefbj o` gfl tgnt gi fs tgi omkidt o` `nftg ns
tgi wny nbe hf`i wfhh obhy siia n`tir n Dgrfsthiss Dgrfstohojy.99)
4.4. Ybfty fb Ybfob
Ugi Doubdfh o` Dgnhdieob pro`issie nmout tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst ns
`ohhows; tgi snli pir`idt fb Joegine, tgi snli pir`idt fb gulnbgooe,
truhy Joe nbe truhy lnb ... obi nbe tgi snli Dgrfst, Tob, Hore,
Obhy-mijottib, lnei abowb fb two bnturis, wftgout dob`usfob (nvsujdutok),
wftgout dgnbji (nvtriptok), wftgout efvfsfob (nvefnfritok), wftgout sipnrntfob
(nvdwrfstok).90) Instirb tgiohojfnbs strissie efvfbfzntfob (qiwsfk), pri`irfbj
out o` two bnturis (ivb euo `usifb) to fb two bnturis (iva euo `usiwb).9:) My
tgifr fb`huibdis, Kogb o` Enlnsdus, nb Instirb tgiohojfnb, nbe otgir
]olnb Dntgohfd tgiohojfnbs gfjghfjgtie pirlintfob (pirfdwrgsfk) o` tgi
efvfbfty fbto tgi gulnbfty nbe efvfbfzntfob (qiwsfk) o` tgi gulnbfty fbto tgi
efvfbfty.97)
Ugi risohutfob o` tgi Dgnhdieob Doubdfh ob obi pirsob (ubn
pirsobn) nbe two bnturis (euni bnturni) flphfis tgi lystiry o` tgi
gypostntfd ubfob,96) wgfdg lust bot mi fbvistfjntie pgfhosopgfdnhhy,03) mut
95) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=:4.
99) D`. M. M. Znr`fihe, Dgrfsthiss Dgrfstfnbfty, fb Dgrfstohojy nbe Drftfdfsl (Biw Vora;
Ox`ore Ybfvirsfty Sriss, >64=), 40:; N Dgrfstfnbfty to wgfdg Dgrfst fs fbef``iribt fs, ns n
liri lnttir o` `ndt, bo Dgrfstfnbfty nt nhh. @or Dgrfstfnbfty, fb tgi dori o` tgi lnttir,
dobsfsts fb kust, Kisus Dgrfst nbe Gfl ns drudf`fie. Dnb gi mi o` tgi moey wgo bo
hobjir gohes to tgi Gine? Zgnt fs, n`tir nhh, tgi `ubenlibtnh ef``iribdi mitwiib
Dgrfstfnbfty nbe otgir posftfvi rihfjfobs? Eois ft bot turb kust ob tgfstgnt tgi `oubeirs
o` tgi otgir rihfjfobs pofbt out tgi wny to Joe wgfhi Dgrfst prisibts Gflsih` ns tgnt
Zny?
90) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=99, 43=.
9:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=99.97) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=90-=9:.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
13/29
- >4 -
stntie obhy bijntfvihy (nv, fb)0>) nbe mfmhfdnhhy. Ugi Dgnhdieob Doubdfh
eidhnrie tgnt our fbdnrbntie Hore fs obi pirsob, fb wgfdg dnsi tgi biutrnh
icb bot tgi lnsduhfbi icfk lust mi usie,0=) `or Dgrfst efe bot tnai tgi
sumstnbdi o` tgi Tob mut Gfs sumsfstibdi tooa our bnturi. Fb otgir wores,
tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob, bot tgi efvfbfty o` tgi trfubi Joe, midnli tgi
sumkidt o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob, nbe tgi ]i`orlie trneftfob gns tgroujghy
lnfbtnfbie tgfs vfiw.04)
Ybhfai ]i`orlie tgfbairs, Hutgirnbs nrjui `or tgi ubfob or `usfob
o` tgi efvfbi nbe gulnb bnturis wftgout tgi pirsob mifbj tgi sumkidt.
Hutgirnbs dobsfeir ns gulfhfntfob, bot tgi Fbdnrbntfob ftsih` mut tgi `ndt
tgnt tgi gulnbfty, wgfdg dollubfdntie wftg tgi efvfbfty, efe bot usi ft.
Hutgirnbs efstfbjufsg tgi nssulptfob o` `hisg `rol tgi dobdiptfob fb tgi
wolm. Ugi sumkidt o` tgi `orlir, tgi Fbdnrbntfob, fs tgi Tob Gflsih`, wgfhi
tgnt o` tgi hnttir, tgi ixfbnbftfob, fs Joe-lnb. Hutgirnbs efstfbjufsg tgisi
two bot tilpornhhy mut hojfdnhhy. Ugus, tgi Fbdnrbntfob to tgil fs nb
ivibt tgnt fts sumkidt dgnbjis `rol Joe to Joe-lnb.05) Ft fs n Bistorfnb
lfstnai to nrjui `or tgi doixfstibdi o` Joe nbe lnb, wgfhi fts nb
Iutydgfnb lfstnai to lfx tgil tojitgir.09) Bistorfus riphndis n ubfob
(icbwsfk) wftg n dobkudtfob (subn`ifn),00) nbe Iutydgis `orls n tgfre afbe
mifbj (tirtful jibus) tgroujg lfxturi (lfxfk) or lfbjhfbj (nvbnarnsfk).0:)
96) D`. Ugi Zistlfbstir Dob`issfob o` @nftg, 7.=; To tgnt two wgohi, pir`idt, nbe efstfbdt
bnturis, tgi Joegine nbe tgi lnbgooe, wiri fbsipnrnmhy (fbefssohumfhf) kofbie tojitgir fb
obi pirsob, wftgout dobvirsfob, dolposftfob, or dob`usfob (sfbi dobvirsfobi,
dolposftfobi, nut dob`usfobi). Zgfdg pirsob fs viry Joe nbe viry lnb, yit obi Dgrfst,
tgi obhy liefntor mitwiib Joe nbe lnb. Sgfhfp Tdgn``, ie., Ugi Driies o` Dgrfstibeol
wftg n Gfstory nbe Drftfdnh Botis, Poh. 4, Ugi Ivnbjihfdnh Srotistnbt Driies, riv. (Jrnbe
]npfes; Mnair, >674), 0>6-0=3.
03) Ugi `ohhowfbj nutgor tgi Dgnhdieobs `orluhn ns n proeudt o` Nrfstotihfnb pgfhosopgy.
Kogb LdFbtyri, Ugi Tgnpi o` Dgrfstohojy; Ttuefis fb tgi Eodtrfbi o` tgi Sirsob o` Dgrfst
(Iefbmurjg; U&U Dhnra, >66:), 7:-76.
0>) fbdob`usi, fllutnmfhftir, fbefvfsi, fbsipirnmfhftir. D`. Sgfhfp Tdgn``, ie., Ugi Driies o`Dgrfstibeol wftg n Gfstory nbe Drftfdnh Botis, Poh. =, Ugi Jriia nbe Hntfb Driies wftg
Urnbshntfobs, riv. (Jrnbe ]npfes; Mnair, >674), 04.
0=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=95.
04) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=96. Giri tgi wore sumstnbdi(sumstnbtfn) linbs
hftirnhhy tgi ubeirhyfbj rinhfty. Ob tgi otgir gnbe, tgi wore sumsfstibdi(sumsfstibtfn)
sfjbf`fis tgi pnrtfduhnr mifbj.
05) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=9:-=97.
09) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.43>-434. Ugiri`ori, bot tgi sumkidt mut fts idoboly gns
miib dgnbjie tgroujg tgi Fbdnrbntfob. D`. Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe
Fhhustrntie `rol tgi Tourdis, 5>3; Dgrfst fs dobsfeirie giri bot antn qiohojfnb ns tgi
hojok, mut ns tgi qinbqrwpok.
00) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.43>.0:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=95, 434.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
14/29
- >5 -
Ns siib nmovi, tgi gypostntfd ubfob o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor fs `frlhy
mnsie ob tgi `ndt tgnt Dgrfst fs tgi snli pir`idt fb gulnbgooe, truhy Joe
nbe truhy lnb. Ugi fbdnrbntie gulnbfty drintie fb tgi wolm o` Lnrfn my
tgi Gohy Tpfrft midnli ubftie wftg tgi efvfbfty my mifbj nssulie ns
sumstnbdi07) fb tgi pirsob wgfhi mifbj drintie, nbe tgiri`ori, tgi gulnbfty
fs obhy n ubfobfzie gulnbfty. Ft fs nhwnys tgi trui nbe pir`idt gulnb
bnturi. Ugiri`ori, wi dnbbot ndabowhieji tgi tgiorfis ob tgi lystiry o`
tgi gypostntfd ubfob my Nrfus, wgo, ubeir tgi fb`huibdi o` tgi Jriia
eunhfsl, nrjuie tgnt tgi bomhi efvfbfty dnbbot nssuli tgi howhy gulnbfty,
nbe, ivib `urtgir, my Npohhfbnrfs, wgo, fb pursuft o` pnbtgifsl, snw tgnt
tgi Hores gulnbfty wns nhriney fbdhueie fb tgi efvfbfty.06)
Ugiy nri issibtfnhhy ob tgi snli pnji wftg soli Jbostfds, wgo
rikidtie tgi trui gulnbfty o` Dgrfst my dobsfeirfbj tgi Hores moey iftgir
ns n ginvibhy moey or n pgnbtol moey.:3) Ugiy eiby tgi drintfob o` tgi
trfubi Joe nbe tgi ubfob nbe dollubfob mitwiib Joe nbe lnb nddorefbj
to tgi rieilptfvi idoboly. Gowivir, f` tgi Tob douhe bot tnai ob
gulnbfty, tgiri wouhe mi bo drintfob o` lnb nbe ri-drintfob o` snhvntfob
midnusi o` ft; @or wgnt fs ubnssulnmhi fs fbdurnmhi.:>) Hfbaie wftg tgfs,
wi dnb sii tgnt tgi tgiohojfdnh eflibsfob fb wgfdg Mnvfbda stntis tgi
gypostntfd ubfob fs rihntie to tgi ibtfri Dgrfstfnb rivihntfob nbe tgi
rieilptfvi gfstory, wgfdg fbdhueis tgi jibirnh nbe spidfnh rivihntfobs nbe
ibdolpnssis drintfob nbe rieilptfob.
Ugi `frst rinsob wgy Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzie tgi dibtrnhfty o`
Dgrfstohojy tgroujg tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob wns to drftfdfzi
tgi dobtilpornry hfmirnh tgiohojy, wgfdg eibfie tgnt Dgrfst fs Joe(qiok) nbe
trfie to riphndi tgi efvfbfty wftg n sumkidtfvi fb`huibdi, libtfobfbj Joe fb
Dgrfst (ivbqiok), nbe to ei`ibe tgi Ortgoeox tgiohojy. Gi ri`utie ]. K.
Dnlpmihh, wgo snfe tgnt gulnbfty fs efvfbfty vfiwie `rol mihow1 efvfbfty fs
gulnbfty vfiwie `rol nmovi, my dhnflfbj biw tgiohojy. Mnvfbda lnei
suri tgnt prototypfdnh gulnbfty nbe idtypfdnh efvfbfty nri bot tgi snli.:=)
07) D`. Ugi Zistlfbstir Dob`issfob o` @nftg, 7.= sfjbf`fis ei`fbftihy tgi dobdiptfob my tgi
Gohy Tpfrft fb tgi wolm o` tgi Pfrjfb Lnry, o` gir sumstnbdi(fb utiro iqui sumstnbtfnLnrfni Pfrjfbfs). Tdgn``, ie., Ugi Ivnbjihfdnh Srotistnbt Driies, 0>6 (mohe ilpgnsis nri
lfbi).
06) D`. Nhoys Jrfhhlifir, T. K., Dgrfst fb Dgrfstfnb Urneftfob, voh. >, @rol tgi Npostohfd Nji
to Dgnhdieob (59>), tr. Kogb Moweib (Nthnbtn; Kogb Abox, >605), =47-=59.
:3) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=69-=67.
:>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=6:-=67. Ugfs fs quotie `rol Kogb o` Enlnsdus.:=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=66.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
15/29
- >9 -
Ugi Fbdnrbntfob eois bot tnha nmout tgi rivihntfob or `orlntfob o`
efvfbfty tgroujg nb ibgnbdilibt o` gulnbfty, wgfdg wfhh feohfzi iftgir
efvfbfty or gulnbfty. Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs tgi duhlfbntfob o` n litgoe tgnt
tgi drintor dollubfdntis nbe `ihhowsgfps wftg tgi drintfob. Ugi
fbeipibeibdi o` tgi drintor nbe tgi eipibeibdi o` drintfob nri nttrfmutie
to tgi snli pirsobnh sumkidt, bnlihy, to tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob. Ugi Zore
midnli `hisg (Kogb >;>5), tgiri`ori `uhhbiss o` eifty ewihhs fb gfl moefhy
(swlntfawk, Doh. =;6).:4) Ugi two wores, `uhhy nbe moefhy, eo bot ristrfdt
indg otgir, `or tgi sumkidt fs tgi itirbnh sob o` obi Joe.
Ugi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob hfis fb tgi `ndt tgnt tgi sumkidt fs
tgi Tob. Ugiri`ori, ft sgies hfjgt ob tgi mifbj nbe idoboly o` tgi trfubi
Joe, ob wgfdg Mnvfbda snys ns `ohhowfbj;
Tdrfpturi nsdrfmis nhh afbes o` nbe viry ef``iribt priefdntis to
Dgrfst mut nhwnys to obi nbe tgi snli sumkidt, tgi obi ubefvfeie
F wgo ewihhs fb gfl spinas out o` gfl. Ft nhso spidf`fdnhhy snys,
bot tgnt tgi Hojos ewiht fb n gulnb mifbj, mut tgnt tgi Hojos
midnli `hisg(Kogb >;>5). N pirsob fs wgnt gi or sgi gns midoli. F`
tgi Tob o` Joe midnli n gulnb mifbj, gi fs gflsih` gulnb. Lnby
tgfbjs dnb mi priefdntie o` n pirsob mut bivir nbotgir pirsob. N
gusmnbe nbe n wf`i nri obi `hisg, mut tgi gusmnbe fs bivir tgi
wf`i or vfdi-virsn. Ugiri`ori, f` tgi gulnb sumkidt fb Dgrfst wns
nbotgir tgnb tgi Hojos, Tdrfpturi douhe bivir gnvi snfe tgnt tgi
Hojos midnli, nbe tgiri`ori fs, `hisg.:5)
Ugi sumkidt gns efvirsi bnturis. Ugi lystiry o` tgi Fbdnrbntfob hfis
fb tgi `ndt tgnt tgi Tob, wgo gns tgi bnturi o` Joe, tooa tgi bnturi o`
lnb. Gulnb mifbjs dnbt nssuli efvfbfty, mut tgi Tob dnb nssuli
gulnbfty. Ft wns nddorefbj to tgi itirbnh eidrii o` tgi trfubi Joe mi`ori
tgi mijfbbfbj o` tgi tfli tgnt tgi Tob tooa gulnbfty. My tgi itirbnh
eidrii, tgi Tob tooa gulnb `orl. Ugi trfubi Joe, wgo gns tgi snli
issibdi, dnbbot bnturnhhy tnai gulnbfty. Efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty dnb obhy
nbe lust mi ubftie wftgfb tgi Tob pirsobnhhy.
Fb Joe, tgiri fs obi bnturi nbe tgrii pirsobs; fb Dgrfst tgiri fs
:4) D`. Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=67-=66.:5) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.43=.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
16/29
- >0 -
obi pirsob nbe two bnturis. Ugi ubfty o` tgi tgrii pirsobs fb tgi
efvfbi mifbj fs fb tgi `uhh sibsi bnturnh (bnturnhfs), dobsumstnbtfnh
(subousfwegk), doissibtfnh (doissibtfnhfs)1 tgi ubfty o` tgi two bnturis
fb Dgrfst fs pirsobnh (pirsobnhfs).:9)
Ugi eoor `or gulnb mifbjs to gnvi dollubfob wftg Joe wns lnei
possfmhi tgroujg tgi ubfob o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty fb obi
gypostnsfs. Tudg n lystfdnh ubfob wns lnei possfmhi tgroujg tgi gfstorfdnh
`uh`fhhlibt o` tgi itirbnh rieilptfvi dovibnbt. Ugi `uh`fhhlibt wns lnei
possfmhi wgib Dgrfst dnrrfie out Gfs owb euty ns Liefntor mitwiib Joe
nbe lnb.:0) Ugi Fbdnrbntfob fs n ubfob o` tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob wftg nb
flpirsobnh gulnb bnturi, nbe n ubfob o` bnturis fb tgi pirsob o` tgi
Tob, bot n bnturnh mut pirsobnh ubfob.::) Ft fs bot n ubfob o` pirsobs1 ft
fs n pirsobnh nbe sumstnbtfnh ubfob. Ns wftg tgi efvfbfty o` Dgrfst, Gfs
gulnbfty fs nhso sumstnbtfnh (sumstnbtfnhfs) fb tgnt tgi sumstrntul
(supposftul) my wgfdg n tgfbj fs wgnt fs.:7) Mnvfba giri dob`frls tgnt tgi
gulnb bnturi fs bot n dobdriti mut nb nmstrndt sumstnbdi o` wgfdg tgi
ubfob wftg tgi efvfbi bnturi dobstftutis fb tgi itirbnh pirsob o` Dgrfst.:6)
Ugi gulnbfty fb Dgrfst fs wftg Gfs efvfbfty my mifbj ubftie wftg fts
pirsob. Ugiri`ori, tgi gulnb bnturi fs bot fb ftsih` nb fbeipibeibt sih`
mut `rol tgi stnrt pirsobnh fb tgi Hojos, wgo ns sumkidt hfvie, tgoujgt,
wfhhie, ndtie, su``irie, efie, nbe so ob fb nbe tgroujg ft wftg nhh fts
dobstftuibts, dnpndftfis, nbe ibirjfis. Ugi gulnb bnturi eois bot
dobstftuti n pirsobnhfty o` fts owb mut sumorefbntie to tgi Hojos. Fb
sgort, tgi two bnturis nri ubftie bot ns nvhhok anf nvhhok (obi pirsob nbe
nbotgir), mut ns nvhho anf nvhho (obi tgfbj nbe nbotgir). Ugi lystiry o` tgi
mihfivirs joehfbiss (lustgrfob iuvsimifnk) hfis fb tgi lystiry o` ubfob.73)
Giri Mnvfbda `frlhy sustnfbs Dgnhdieobs posftfob o` ubfty fb ubfob
tgi `ndt tgnt tgi gulnb bnturi, hfai tgi efvfbi bnturi, fs bot pirsob
:9) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.430.
:0) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.435-439.
::) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.439-430.
:7) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.430. D`. Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.47:, 46>.
:6) Ivib tgoujg Mnvfbda eois bot pny spidfnh nttibtfob to sudg tirls ns dobdritul nbe
nmstrndtul, ns ]i`orlie tgiohojfnbs eo, gi sgnris tgi snli vfiw wftg tgil. D`. Sitir
Lnrtyr Pirlfjhf, Efnhojui ob tgi Uwo fb Dgrfst, tr. & ie. Kogb Sntrfda Eobbihhy, T. K.,
Ugi Sitir Lnrtyr Hfmrnry Tirfis Obi (Afrasvfhhi, LO; Tfxtiibtg Dibtury Issnys & Ttuefis,
>669), 93-9>, :5-:91 Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe Fhhustrntie `rol tgi
Tourdis, 55>-5591 Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, =.4>0-4>:, 4==.73) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.43:.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
17/29
- >: -
(nvbupostnsfk) mut mihobjs to ft (ivbupostnsfk).7>)
4.5. Dollubfdntfob o` Sropirtfis
Gulnbfty gns bivir miib nb fbeipibeibt sih` or pirsobnhfty, mut
ndts pirsobnhhy nbe sumstnbtfnhhy my mifbj ubftie wftg tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst.
Ugi liefntfob o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty fb obi gypostnsfs dolphfis
wftg tgi i``idts o` tgi ubfob (i``idtn ubfobfs); tgi dollubfdntfob o`
propir qunhftfis (dollubfdntfo fefolntul), tgi dolphitfob o` n wora
(npotihislntul), nbe tgi dgnrfslntn (dgnrfslntul).7=)
Ugi `frst typi o` dollubfob fs n lutunh dollubfob nlobj nhh
nttrfmutis nbe qunhftfis o` efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty mifbj nttrfmutie to tgi
obi pirsob nbe tgi obi sumkidt. @frlhy stnbefbj ob tgfs ]i`orlie vfiw,
Mnvfbda drftfdfzie motg tgi Hutgirnbs, wgo sny tgnt efvfbfty fs efridthy
trnbs`irrie to gulnbfty, nbe tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdg, wgo snys,
nhtgoujg rikidtfbj tgi Hutgirnb vfiw, tgnt Joe fb Dgrfst fs gulnbfzie nbe
tgnt tgi gulnb bnturi fs eif`fie midnusi tgi dollubfdntfob mitwiib
efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty fs fbtrfbsfd nbe sumstnbtfnh, dnhhfbj motg sfeis
eoditfd.74)
Nddorefbj to tgi ]i`orlie trneftfob, efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty nri fb
dollubfob wftg indg otgir obhy fb tgi rispidt tgnt tgiy do-ixfst fb tgi
pirsob o` tgi Tob. Ugi nttrfmutis o` tgi two bnturis nri nsdrfmie ns
priefdntis to obi nbe tgi snli sumkidt. Tudg dollubfob fs bot my tgi
bnturis, mut my tgi pirsob. Ugi lystiry dolis `rol tgi pirsob o` tgi
Tob ftsih`. Ns tgi Tob o` Joe, wgo ixfsts fb efvfbfty, Gi fs Joe-lnb, wgo
tooa gulnbfty, nbe bot Joe nbe lnb fb tgi strfdtist sibsi.75) Gi dnb mi
eisdrfmie my hnbjunjis tgnt ixpriss tgi nttrfmutis o` efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty
sfluhtnbioushy.
7>) Nhso fb tgfs dnsi, nhtgoujg Mnvfbda eois bot usi sudg tirls ns ibgypostntfn nbe
nbgypostntfn, ns ]i`orlie tgiohojfnbs eo, gi sgnris tgi snli vfiw wftg tgil. D`.
Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe Fhhustrntie `rol tgi Tourdis, 5>0-5>6, 5=:-5=61
Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, =.4=7. Ugfs fssui gns miib rnfsie sfjbf`fdnbthy
wftg ri`iribdi to tgi eodtrfbi o` Hiobtfus o` Myznbtful. Dobdirbfbj gfs vfiw, Girmirt L.
]ihtob, N Ttuey fb Dgrfstohojy; Ugi Sromhil o` tgi ]ihntfob o` tgi Uwo Bnturis fb tgi
Sirsob o` Dgrfst(Hobeob; Todfity `or Srolotfbj Dgrfstfnb Abowhieji, >6>:), ==0-=49.
7=) D`. Gippi, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, Tit out nbe Fhhustrntie `rol tgi Tourdis, 545-55:1
Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.46=-46:1 Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy,
=.4=>-44=.
74) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.437-436, 5=0-5=:, 543-54>.
75) D`. Kogb Lurry, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst, fb Dohhidtie Zrftfbjs o` Kogb Lurry (Iefbmurjg;Mnbbir o` Urutg, >6::), =.>47.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
18/29
- >7 -
Joes itirbnh Zore, wgo fs Joe, midnli `hisg (Kogb >;>5). Joe o`
jhory wns morb fb tgi snli `hisg ns ours (Gim. >;41 =;>5). Joe tooa tgi
`orl o` n shnvi, lnei mihfivirs dhinb wftg Gfs owb mhooe, nbe moujgt tgi
dgurdg (Sgfh. =;:1 Ndts =3;=71 > Kogb >;:). Ugi drintor, wgo lnei
ivirytgfbj to mi, `frst ixpirfibdie eintg nbe risurridtfob (Doh. >;>4->7). Nhh
tgi `uhhbiss o` tgi Eifty ewihhs fb moefhy `orl (Doh. =;6). Tudg ixprissfobs
usi n sumkidt rihntie to efvfbfty nbe n priefdnti rihntie to gulnbfty. Ugi
rivirsi fs possfmhi1 Gi dnli fbto `hisg mut fs nhso fb tgi mosol o` Joe
(Kogb >1>7), fs fb ginvib (Kogb 4;>4), fs mi`ori Nmrngnl wns morb (Kogb
7;97), fs tgi Hore o` Envfe fb spfti o` mifbj gfs eisdibeibt (Lntt. ==;54),
nbe fs Joe to mi prnfsie `orivir (]ol. 6;9).79)
Ugi sidobe typi o` dollubfob fs tgnt nhh tgi woras o` tgi
Liefntor, eipibefbj ob tgi kofbt doopirntfob o` efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty fb
obi pirsob nbe n eoumhi worafbj (ivbirjifn), gns n efvfbi gulnb
dgnrndtir. O` doursi, tgifr sohi sumkidt fs tgi Tob, wgo fs tgifr i``fdfibt
dnusi.70) Ugfs pnrt wfhh mi efsdussie fb tgi `ohhowfbj sidtfob wgib wi
efsduss tgi gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob o` Dgrfst.
Ugi tgfre typi o` dollubfob einhs wftg tgi spfrftunh jf`ts tgnt
gulnbfty ubftie fb tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob dollubfdntis wftg efvfbfty
gypostntfdnhhy.7:) Ugi dollubfob o` tgi spfrftunh jf`ts fs linbfbjhiss
nddorefbj to tgi Dollubfdntfob o` Nttrfmutis (dollubfdntfo fefolntul),
wgfdg tgi Hutgirnb nbe tgi Aibotfd Dgrfstohojy fb sumsiquibt yinrs gnvi
miib nrjufbj `or.77) Ob tgfs, tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdg, eispfti nvofefbj
tgi ixtrili o` tgi Hutgirnb, snys, ubeir tgi fb`huibdi o` pirfdwrgsfk nbe
qiwsfk o` tgi Instirb tgiohojy, tgnt Kisus, ns n pfhjrfl (vfntor) ob tgfs inrtg
nddorefbj to gulnbfty, ridifvie nhh tgi spfrftunh jf`ts nhh nt obdi nbe dnli
to gnvi n mhissie vfsfob (dolprigibsor) midnusi o` wgnt Gi gns ridifvie
`rol Joe. Gfs abowhieji nbe wfseol wns pir`idt `rol tgi Fbdnrbntfob,
wftg bo lori jrowtg. Gi wns `uhh o` tgi mhissie abowhieji (sdfibtfn mintn)
to gnvi tgi mintf`fd vfsfob o` Joe (vfsfo Eif). Ugiri`ori, gfs gulnbfty wns
eif`fie, lnafbj Gfl tgi omkidt o` prnfsi.76)
Drftfdfzfbj tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd vfiw fb eitnfh, Mnvfbda botis tgnt
obhy `rol tgi ]i`orlie vfiw wi dnb gohe n propir opfbfob ob tgi
79) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=67, 437.
70) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.437.
7:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.437.
77) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=9:-=97.
76) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.=90-=9:. 436. Dobdirbfbj tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdgsposftfob ob tgfs, Miraouwir, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst, =>4-==4.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
19/29
- >6 -
dollubfdntfob o` jf`ts, ubeir tgi prilfsi o` tgi trui nbe jibufbi
gulnbfty. Zgfhi libtfobfbj tgnt tgi gulnbfty tgnt Kisus tooa gne tgi
nmoubefbj worhe o` tgi lfbe ns wihh ns nbjir, snebiss, pfty, nbe
dolpnssfob, wgfdg Nenl efe bot gnvi wgib gi wns fb tgi stnti o`
fbtijrfty (stntus fbtijrftntfs), Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt tgi
Fbdnrbntfob fs n stnti o` gulfhfntfob midnusi ft fs tgi nssulptfob o` n
wina gulnb bnturi.63)
Mnvfbda tnais botfdi tgnt tgi winabiss o` tgi Hore fs bot midnusi
o` sfb mut n wny to ovirdoli sfb. Gohfbiss my efvfbfty fs efstfbdthy ef``iribt
`rol gohfbiss my gulnbfty, mut tgiri fs bo possfmfhfty o` sfbbfbj nbe
`nhhfbj to Gfl, wgo gns bot obhy nb ilpfrfdnh sfbhissbiss mut nhso n
bidissnry sfbhissbiss.6>) Tfbdi Gfs gulnbfty wns ubftie wftg tgi pirsob,
Gi efe gnvi tgi mintf`fd abowhieji (sdfibtfn mintn) mut bot flliefntihy.
Ugi gulnb dobsdfousbiss fb gfl, tgoujg gnvfbj tgi snli sumkidt
ns tgi efvfbi dobsdfousbiss, obhy to n slnhh eijrii abiw tgnt
sumkidt, tgnt F, fbeiie abiw ft ns n wgohi mut bot ixgnustfvihy.
Kust ns migfbe our hflftie dobsdfousbiss tgiri nhso hfis wftgfb us n
worhe o` mifbj, so migfbe tgi gulnb dobsdfousbiss o` Dgrfst tgiri
hny tgi eiptgs o` Joe, wgfdg douhe obhy viry jrneunhhy nbe to n
hflftie eijrii sgfbi tgroujg tgnt gulnb dobsdfousbiss. @rol tgfs,
obi lny bot fb`ir, gowivir, tgnt fb vnrfous eolnfbs Kisus douhe
irr.6=)
Mnvfbda `fbes tgi `ndt tgnt tgi propir jf`ts o` tgi Hores gulnbfty
dollubfdnti wftg efvfbfty. @rol tgfs rispidt, Kisus pir`orlfbj lfrndhis,
`orjfvfbj sfbs, efspntdgfbj tgi Gohy Tpfrft, riwnrefbj itirbnh hf`i, nbe ivib,
ridifvfbj jhory nhh mihobj bot obhy to efvfbfty mut nhso to gulnbfty. Tudg
woras o` Kisus wiri eobi nddorefbj to efvfbfty, mut tgi jf`ts dnb nhso mi
nttrfmutie to tgi pirsob, fb`huibdfbj Gfs gulnbfty pirsobnhhy or
gypostntfdnhhy. Fb tgfs rispidt, nhtgoujg tgi Liefntor lny mi tgi propir
omkidt o` worsgfp, tgi jroube or `oubentfob o` liefntfob hfis fb tgi
efvfbfty.64)
63) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4>3-4>>.
6>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4>5. D`. M. M. Znr`fihe, Kisus Nhhijie Dob`issfob o`
Tfb, fb Dgrfstohojy nbe Drftfdfsl (Biw Vora; Ox`ore Ybfvirsfty Sriss, >64=), 6:->59.
6=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4>=-4>4.64) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4>:-4>6.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
20/29
- =3 -
Hfaiwfsi, fb stntfbj tgi dollubfob o` jf`ts, Mnvfbda strissis tgi
`ndt tgnt tgiy nri wnys o` jrndi to mihfivirs my ilpgnsfzfbj tgi winabiss
o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty, nbe nt tgi snli tfli, tgi obibiss o` tgi pirsob. Ugi
Hores liefntfbj wora o` gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob fs mnsie ob sudg
dollubfob o` spfrftunh jf`ts. Gowivir, `or Mnvfbda, tgfs afbe o`
dollubfdntfob fs bot sipnrntie `rol tgnt o` tgi nttrfmutis, ns wi sii
ei`fbftihy fb tgi `ohhowfbj dob`issfob o` Zistlfbstir.
Dgrfst, fb tgi wora o` liefntfob, ndtitg nddorefbj to motg bnturis1
my indg bnturi eofbj tgnt wgfdg fs propir to ftsih`1 yit, my rinsob
o` tgi ubfty o` tgi pirsob, tgnt wgfdg fs propir to obi bnturi fs
solitflis, fb Tdrfpturi, nttrfmutie to tgi pirsob eibolfbntie my
tgi otgir bnturi.65)
5. Liefntfob fb Gypostntfd Ybfob
5.>. Ugi Liefntfob o` tgi Ybfob; Ugi Tpfrft o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor o`
tgi Biw Dovibnbt
Mnvfbda dobsfeirs nt tgi ginrt o` tgi rieilptfvi gfstory tgi `ndt
tgnt mihfivirs nri lystirfoushy ubftie wftg Dgrfst tgroujg tgi wora o` tgi
gypostntfd ubfob o` gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty nbe tgirimy uhtflntihy rindg
jhorf`fdntfob tgroujg dollubfob nbe dollubfdntfob wftg Joe. @or tgiri
wns tgi pndt o` snhvntfob (pndtul snhutfs) mitwiib tgrii pirsobs o` tgi
Urfbfty mi`ori tgi drintfob o` tgi worhe. Gi snys tgnt tgi `oubentfob `or
tgi dovibnbt o` jrndi, wgfdg gne tgi vfdnrfous sntfs`ndtfob (sntfs`ndtfo
vfdnrfn) o` tgi Tob, bnlihy, tgi omiefibdi o` tgi Tob ns tgi lntirfnh dnusi
nbe tgi `nftg o` snfbts wgo mihfivi fb tgi Tob ns tgi `orlnh or
fbstrulibtnh dnusi, wns hnfe mi`ori tgi drintfob o` tgi worhe.69)
Nenls omiefibdi wns tgi dobeftfob `or tgi `frst dovibnbt, fb wgfdg
Nenl wns tgi riprisibtntfvi o` gulnbafbe. @or tgi biw dovibnbt, wgfdg
fs tgi `uh`fhhlibt o` lnby dovibnbts o` jrndi, njriie upob n`tir tgi @nhh,
Dgrfst fs tgi sumstftuti o` gulnbafbe.60) Ugi biw dovibnbt dobsfsts o`
two ihilibts. Ugi `frst ihilibt fs tgi omiefibdi o` tgi Tob, wgo dnrrfis
65) Ugi Zistlfbstir Dob`issfob o` @nftg, 7.:. Tdgn``, ie., Ugi Ivnbjihfdnh Srotistnbt
Driies, 0==.
69) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.539.60) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.530.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
21/29
- => -
out tgi wfhh o` tgi @ntgir. Ft lust fbdhuei tgi omiefibdi o` aiipfbj nhh tgi
hnws (omiefibtfn ndtfvn) nbe o` su``irfbj tgi prfdi o` sfb (omiefibtfn
pnssfvn). Ugi otgir ihilibt fs tgi hovi o` tgi @ntgir, wgo flputis tgi
rfjgtiousbiss o` tgi Tob my jrndi. Mnvfbda dnhhs tgfs pndt mitwiib tgi
@ntgir nbe tgi Tob tgi dovibnbt o` rieilptfob.6:)
Ns tgi gine o` tgi dovibnbt fb tgi pirsob o` Gfs owb gulnbfty
nbe efvfbfty, Dgrfst fs bot obhy tgi junrnbtor mut nhso tgi aiy pnrt. Gi
fs tgi liefntor (Gim. :;==1 7;01 >=;=5).67) Dgrfst `uh`fhhie tgi dovibnbt o`
woras townres tgi @ntgir nbe o` tgi dovibnbt o` jrndi townres us. Ugi
biw dovibnbt fs n mittir dovibnbt ns wihh ns nb ivnbjihfdnh dovibnbt,
fbdhuefbj motg omiefibdi nbe flputntfob. Fts supirforfty nbe lystiry fs
tgi lystfdnh Dgrfst (Dgrfstus lystfdus), bnlihy, tgi pirsob o` Dgrfsts
gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty.66)
Dgrfst `uh`fhhie tgi liefntorsgfp o` ubfob fb tgi gypostntfd ubfob. Ns
Gfs o``fdi fs itirbnh, Gfs afbjeol fs nhso itirbnh. Gfs jovirblibt fs
pirsobnhhy, iddhisfnstfdnhhy, nbe ubfvirsnhhy i``idtfvi my tgi ubftfbj wora o`
tgi Gohy Tpfrft.>33) Mnvfbda snw tgnt tgi jovirblibt o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft hfis
fb tgi mihfivirs dollubfob wftg Joe, bnlihy, fb tgi lystfdnh ubfob.>3>)
Tudg n lystirfous ubfob fs lnei obhy my tgi sidrit worafbj o` tgi
Gohy Tpfrft. Ugi snhvf`fd wora o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft fs to dnrry out tgi lystiry
o` tgi ubfob o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty. Mnvfbda eois bot feibtf`y
tgi Gohy Tpfrft, wgo dnli eowb ob Dgrfst, wftg efvfbfty, or wftg fb`usfob
fbto gulnbfty, nbe fbdorporntis ft fb tgi pirsob o` tgi Joe-lnb, efvfbi
nbe gulnb bnturis. Snrtfduhnrhy, tgfs fbdhfbntfob fs ivfeibt wgib
fbtirpritfbj tgi ixnhtie Hore fb ]olnbs >;4 nddorefbj to tgi Tpfrft o`
gohfbiss (antn pbiuln nvjfwsuvgk). Fb rihntfob to tgfs, Mnvfbda nhso libtfobs,
bot obhy tgi `ndt tgnt tgi Hore wns dobdifvie my tgi Gohy Tpfrft nddorefbj
to gulnbfty (Huai >;40), wns `fhhie wftg tgi Gohy Tpfrft (Huai 5;>), nbe
ridifvie Gfl nmubenbthy (Kogb 4;45), mut nhso tgi `ndt tgnt Dgrfst wns
eisfjbntie ns Joes Tob my tgi wora o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft (Ndts >:;4>),
ridifvie tgi jhory o` ohe (Kogb >:;=), fs tgi Hore o` jhory (> Dor. =;7) nbe
midnli tgi powir o` Joe (> Dor. >;=5).>3=)
Mnvfbda botis tgnt tgi Gohy Tpfrft, wgo woraie `rol tgi
6:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.
67) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.==:-==7, 539.
66) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.==9, ==7
>33) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.5:6-57=.
>3>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.435.>3=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.545-549.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
22/29
- == -
Fbdnrbntfob, gne nb pirsobnh fb`huibdi ovir tgi ibtfri prodiss o` tgi
Hores liefntfob, bot obhy fb tgi su``irfbjs nbe omiefibdi, mut nhso fb tgi
risurridtfob, fb tgi nsdibsfob, nbe ob tgi tgrobi. Ugi `ndt tgnt tgi Hores
moey midnli n spfrftunh moey (swln pbiulntfaob) nbe tgnt Gi Gflsih` fs n
hf`i-jfvfbj Tpfrft (swln pbiulntfaob) (> Dor. >9;59) ns tgi Tpfrft o` hf`i (pbiuln
zwgk) (]ol. 7;>>) fs nhso efsdussie fb tgfs pirspidtfvi. Giri wi dnb sii
tgnt Mnvfbda fs gnbehfbj tgi lystiry o` Dgrfsts gypostntfd ubfob fb tgi
Urfbftnrfnb pirspidtfvi. Ugi rinsob wgy gi rijnres tgi Gohy Tpfrft ns tgi
Dgrfsts spfrft or tgi Hores spfrft;
Ugi Gohy Tpfrft fs tgi Tpfrft o` Dgrfst midnusi gi ewihhs fb Dgrfst
gflsih` nbe midnusi tgroujg gfl Dgrfst dollubfdntis gflsih` to
gfs owb (= Dor. 4;>7). Nbe tgus Dgrfst fs bow gi fb wgol nhh tgi
`uhhbiss o` eifty ewihhs moefhy (Doh. =;61 >;>6). Gi fs tgi vfsfmhi
flnji o` tgi fbvfsfmhi Joe (Doh. >;>9). Ugi efvfbi jhory fs bow
lnbf`ist fb gfs gulnb bnturi nbe rnefntis `rol gfs `ndi (= Dor.
4;>71 5;5, 0).>34)
5.=. Eoumhi Ttntis (Ttntus Euphix); Zora fb tgi Gypostntfd Ybfob
Mnvfbda dobsfeirs tgi propir linbfbj o` gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob
o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor to mi nddorefbj to tgi efspibsntfob (ant ofvaobolfnb) o`
pndtul snhutfs mi`ori tgi mijfbbfbj o` tgi worhe `or tgi gypostntfd ubfob.
Gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob eo bot linb n dgnbji fb tgi nttrfmutis or
efjbfty o` efvfbfty or gulnbfty ftsih`.>35) Gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob nri
rihntie to efvirsi loeis fb wgfdg efvfbfty or gulnbfty dollubfdntis fb
tgi snli pirsob, nbe tgiri`ori, nri bot bnturnh mut pirsobnh. Ugi sumkidt
o` gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob fs tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob. Ugiri`ori, nddorefbj
to Mnvfbda, `ohhowfbj nri tgosi tgnt sny tgnt gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob nri
kust n prodiss o` lystf`fdntfob or nb feinh dobdiptfob; Hutgirnbs or tgi
]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdg, wgfdg trint gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob ns tgi
nmnbeoblibt o` tgi efvfbfty nbe tgi ibgnbdilibt o` tgi gulnbfty1
fllnbibt tgiohojfnbs wftg Tdghifirlndgir ns tgifr gnrmfbjir, wgo trint
tgil ns n prodiss o` Kisus (ivbqiok) midolfbj Joe (qiok) ns n pirsob ob
>34) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.540.>35) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.405.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
23/29
- =4 -
wgol Joe gns eisdibeie1 tgiohojfnbs hfai Eorbir nbe ]otgi, wgo nevodnti
projrissfvi fbdnrbntfob, wgfdg snys tgnt gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob nri tgi
prodiss o` fbdnrbntfob my wgfdg efvfbfty fs ilmoefie fb gulnbfty1 nbe
Todfbfnbs, wgo sny tgnt tgiy nri n doursi o` hf`i o` Kisus wgo pir`orlie
efvfbi lfrndhis upob ridifvfbj efvfbi rivihntfob.>39)
Mnvfbda rijnres tgi Fbdnrbntfob tgnt ridifvie gulnbfty fb tgi
pirsob o` tgi Tob ns ilptyfbj (aibwsfk or ixfbnbftfo). Gi tgfbas tgnt tgi
Fbdnrbntfob fs kust tgi mijfbbfbj o` gfs howirfbj (tnpifbwsfk or gulfhfntfo).
Gulfhfntfob fbdhueis tgfs ilptyfbj nbe howirfbj. Fb gulfhfntfob, tgi Tob
wftg tgi snli pirsob put nsfei tgi efvfbi loei o` ixfstibdi (lor`g qiou)
mut tooa tgi gulnb loei o` ixfstibdi, bnlihy, tgi `orl o` n sirvnbt
(lor`g eouhou). Tudg n dgnbji fb tgi loei o` mifbj fs bot my tgi bnturi
mut my tgi pirsob. Ugi Tob nssulie n trui nbe pir`idt gulnbfty.>30)
Hutgirnbs gnvi n vfiw tgnt tgi gulnbfty wgfdg tgi Tob nssulie
wns n gulnbfty dobtnfbfbj efvfbi nttrfmutis, nbe tgnt, tgiri`ori,
gulfhfntfob fs bot nb nssulptfob ftsih` mut fb Gfs gulnbfty wgfdg eois bot
usi tgi efvfbi nttrfmutis. To tgiy efstfbjufsg tgi Fbdnrbntfob `rol tgi
gulfhfntfob dgnrndtirfzie my ilptyfbj nbe howirfbj.>3:)
Fb tgi linbwgfhi, tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdg vfiws tgnt tgi
gulnbfty wgfdg tgi Tob nssulie wns trui nbe pir`idt, mut ft douhe mi
jhorf`fie `rol n lolibt my n spidfnh jf`t, nbe tgnt tgi gulfhfntfob o` tgi
Fbdnrbntfob stops nt tgi lolibt o` tgi ubfob dobdiptunhhy nbe Kisus
midolis nb omkidt o` prnfsi midnusi tgi pirsob o` tgi Liefntor midolis
pridfous ivib to tgi gulnbfty.>37)
Mnvfbda tgfbas tgnt tgi gulfhfntfob o` Dgrfst fbdhueis tgi
Fbdnrbntfob fb wgfdg Gfs trui nbe pir`idt gulnbfty fs ubftie wftg tgi
pirsob o` tgi Tob nbe nhh tgi omiefibdi wgfdg Dgrfst gns su``irie nbe
dnrrfie out fb ft. Ugi gulnbfty wgfdg Kisus nssulie dolphfie wftg sivirnh
dobeftfobs n`tir tgi @nhh.>36) Mnptfsl wns n sfjb nbe sinh tgnt Dgrfst, wgo
`fbfsgie ivirytgfbj ubeir tgi ubfob o` Gfs efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty, trfis to
rnfsi us to tgi phndi wgiri wi dnb gnvi dollubfob wftg Joe, my flputfbj
>39) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.530-53:, 5=0-544. D`. D`. M. M. Znr`fihe, Ugi
Gulnbftnrfnb Dgrfst, fb Ugi Sirsob nbe Zora o` Dgrfst, ie. Tnluih J. Drnfj
(Sgfhhfpsmurj, BK; Srismytirfnb nbe ]i`orlie Sumhfsgfbj, >693), >76-=37.
>30) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.53:-537.
>3:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.54>. Dobdirbfbj Hutgirs nbe Hutgirnb vfiws o`
dollubfdntfo fefolntul, Miraouwir, Ugi Sirsob o` Dgrfst, =:=-=7>.
>37) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.5=0-5=:.>36) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4>3-4>>.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
24/29
- =5 -
Gfs rfjgtiousbiss to us.>>3)
Gfs eisdibefbj fbto tgi gihh dnb mi ubeirstooe fb tgfs sibsi. F` ft fs
bot rinh, ft eois bot linb tgi lovilibt o` hodntfob. Ft linbs tgi ixtrili
njoby o` tgi souh su``irie nddorefbj to tgi gulnbfty, bnlihy eintg nbe
murfnh, nbe tgi prodhnlntfob nddorefbj to tgi efvfbfty. Fb lnby dnsis,
ri`orlie tgiohojfnbs wouhe dgoosi obhy obi o` two linbfbjs, mut Mnvfbda
ilpgnsfzie tgnt tgi two mihobj to obi pirsob sfluhtnbioushy.>>>) Irrobious
vfiws o` motg ]olnb Dntgohfds nbe Hutgirnbs ob Kisus eisdibefbj fbto tgi
gihh nri dnusie my tgifr fbdorridt ubeirstnbefbj ob tgi gypostntfd ubfob.
Zgfhi Dntgohfd tgiohojfnbs rijnre tgnt tgi sumkidt wgo wibt eowb to gihh
ns tgi souh, wgfhi Hutgirnbs tgi sumkidt ns n dirtnfb afbe o` mifbj
ibgnbdie tgroujg vfvf`fdntfob (rivfvfsdibtfn, vfvf`fdntfo) prfor to
risurridtfob.>>=)
Fb efsdussfbj ixnhtntfob o` Dgrfst, Mnvfbda obdi njnfb ilpgnsfzis
tgi `ndt tgnt ft wns tgi liefntfob fb tgi gypostntfd ubfob o` Dgrfsts
gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty. Mnvfbda drftfdfzie Osfnbeir, wgo fbsfstie obhy ob tgi
liefntfob nddorefbj to efvfbfty, Ttnbdnro, wgo obhy fbsfstie ob tgi
liefntfob nddorefbj to gulnbfty, nbe motg tgi ]olnb Dntgohfd Dgurdg nbe
tgi Hutgirnbs, wgo snys tgnt tgi two bnturis nri tgi prfbdfphi tgnt
pir`orlie tgi woras o` tgi liefntor, nhtgoujg tgi gulnb bnturi fs tgi
prfbdfphi my wgfdg tgi woras wiri nddolphfsgie my tgi Liefntor.>>4)
Mnvfbda siis tgnt tgi ixnhtntfob o` Dgrfst ixirts fb`huibdi ob motg
efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty.>>5) Gi sgies hfjgt o` efvfbi jhory ob tgi iyis o`
indg gulnb mifbj my pir`orlfbj tgi efvfbi powir nddorefbj to Gfs
efvfbfty, nbe gns tgil to pnrtfdfpnti fb efvfbi jhory nddorefbj to Gfs
gulnbfty obhy to tgi ixtibt ft wns dnpnmhi o` ft, wgfdg nri tgi
dgnrndtirfstfds o` tgi gulnbfty. Ns tgfs wora o` efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty wns
gypostntfdnhhy eobi, Dgrfst, n`tir gnvfbj miib rnfsie `rol tgi eine, midnli
tgi spfrft wgo jfvis hf`i nddorefbj to Gfs efvfbfty fb n spfrftunh moey
nddorefbj to Gfs gulnbfty.>>9) Tupirbnturnh Dgrfstfnbfty dnb midoli n sohi
>>3) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.537.
>>>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.5>9-5>:. D`. Dnhvfb, Fbst. =.>0.7->=1 Uurritfb, Fbstftutis
o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, 490-40>1 Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.0>0-0=>.
>>=) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.5=:-5=7. Hutgirnbs dnhh tgi risurridtfob ns ixtirbnh
risurridtfob (risurridtfo ixtirbn) nbe efstfbjufsg ft `rol tgi vfvf`fdntfob wgfdg tgiy dnhh
fbtirbnh risurridtfob (risurridtfo fbtirbn). @or tgil, bot tgi risurridtfob mut tgi
vfvf`fdntfob fs tgi mijfbbfbj o` ixnhtntfob. D`. Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.5>5-5>9.
>>4) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.543.
>>5) D`. Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, =.445, 457, 49=, 405, 400, 407, 4:3-4:=1Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.0=6-04>.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
25/29
- =9 -
gfstorfdnh rihfjfob `rol tgfs pirspidtfvi o` tgi ubfob o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty
nbe efvfbfty.>>0) Ixnhtntfob eois bot linb to `orl n efvfbfty my tgi
ibgnbdie worafbj o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft.>>:)
Mnvfbda dobsfeirs tgnt tgi vfiws tgnt gi gohes nri fb tgi ]i`orlie
trneftfob, jfvfbj rfsi to tgi nevnbtnji tgnt obi dnb ubeirstnbe tgi ibtfri
doursi o` Dgrfsts gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob fb tgi feibtfdnh pirsob.>>7) Fb
tgfs rispidt gi ixprissis Dgrfsts risurridtfob nbe nsdibsfob fb ndtfvi
loei `or Gfs efvfbfty nbe fb pnssfvi loei `or Gfs gulnbfty.>>6) Gi botis
tgnt Dgrfst dnb mi ivirywgiri nt tgi snli tfli nddorefbj to Gfs efvfbfty,
mut nt n spidf`fd hodntfobor ob tgi rfjgt gnbe o` Joenddorefbj to Gfs
gulnbfty.>=3)
5.4. Pfdnrfous Tntfs`ndtfob (Tntfs`ndtfo Pfdnrfn); Ugi @ruft o` tgi
Gypostntfd Ybfob
Ugi ixnhtntfob o` Dgrfst wns n riwnre `or Gfs gulfhfntfob. Ugi
sumstnbdi o` ixnhtntfob fs tgi liefntorfnh jhory lnbf`istie fb Gfs
risurridtfob, nsdibsfob, rifjb, nbe Gfs sidobe dolfbj nddorefbj to tgi
lirftorfous dobbidtfob mitwiib Dgrfsts gulfhfntfob nbe ixnhtntfob.>=>)
Dgrfsts ixnhtntfob fs nttrfmutie to gfs pirsob, nbe tgiri`ori efsdhosis tgi
spidfnh jrndi o` snhvntfob o` n mihfivir ubftie wftg Joe tgroujg Gfl.
Flputfbj tgi jrndi to snfbts, Dgrfst midolis tgi hf`i-jfvfbj spfrft to tgil.
Ugiri`ori, fb oreir to sii tgi qunhfty o` snhvntfob o` tgi snfbts wgo wfhh mi
fb dollubfob wftg Joe nddorefbj to tgi itirbnh idoboly o` tgi trfubi
Joe, obi gns to sii wgnt afbe o` lirfts tgi wora wgfdg Dgrfst tgi
Liefntor pir`orlie gns.>==)
>>9) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.54=, 545-540.
>>0) D`. M. M. Znr`fihe, Kisus Dgrfst, fb Dgrfstohojy nbe Drftfdfsl (Biw Vora; Ox`ore
Ybfvirsfty Sriss, >64=), >09; Tupirbnturnhfstfd Dgrfstfnbfty fs tgi obhy gfstorfdnh
Dgrfstfnbfty.
>>:) To tgfs `ohhowfbj tgiory dnbbot mi nddiptie. Zoh`gnrt Snbbibmirj, Kisus Joe nbe Lnb,
tr. Hiwfs H. Zfhafbs nbe Eunbi N. Srfimi (Sgfhneihpgfn; Zistlfbstir Sriss, >607), 4=4;
Mut Kisus ns tgfs lnb, ns lnb fb tgfs pnrtfduhnr, ubfqui sftuntfob, wftg tgfs pnrtfduhnr
gfstorfdnh lfssfob nbe tgfs pnrtfduhnr `ntins tgfs lnb Kisus fs bot kust lnb, mut `rol
tgi pirspidtfvi o` gfs risurridtfob `rol tgi eine(antn pbiulnnddorefbj to tgi Tpfrft)
gi fs obi wftg Joe nbe tgus fs gflsih` Joe.
>>7) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.54>. D`. Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy,
=.4:6-475.
>>6) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.540-54:, 555-559.
>=3) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.550-55:.
>=>) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.544-545.>==) D`. Goeji, Tystilntfd Ugiohojy, =.5:3-5:4.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
26/29
- =0 -
Fb rihntfob to tgfs, Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt tgi liefntfob
o` Dgrfst fb`huibdis bot obhy tgi pnssfvi omiefibdi (omiefibtfn pnssfvn) nbe
tgi ndtfvi omiefibdi (omiefibtfn ndtfvn). @or `orjfvibiss o` sfb (piddntul),
obi biies to pny tgi pubfsglibt (poibn) tgnt `ft tgi jufht (rintus) nbe
lust riqufri tgi sntfs`ndtfob o` Joe-lnb, `or tgi `orjfvibiss o` sfb fs
bot possfmhi wftgout dovibnbtnh flputntfob o` rfjgtiousbiss tgroujg tgi
liefntfob o` Dgrfsts efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty.>=4) Tudg nb idoboly wns
eidriie mi`ori tgi mijfbbfbj o` tgi worhe.>=5) Ugi rinsob wgy Dgrfsts
eintg midolis tgi dobsullntfob o` gfs omiefibdi fs midnusi Gi midnli
lnb ns tgi Tob o` itirbnh Joe.>=9)
Dgrfsts omiefibdi fs tgi prfdi o` vfdnrfous sntfs`ndtfob (sntfs`ndtfo
vfdnrfn),>=0) wgfdg bot obhy `orjfvis sfbs nbe fbfquftfis mut nhso flputis tgi
rfjgtiousbiss o` itirbnh hf`i so tgnt snfbts dnb gnvi bob possi piddnri
(tgi bot-mifbj-nmhi to sfb) nbe bob possi lorf (tgi bot-mifbj-nmhi to
efi) fb `nftg. Tudg rfjgtiousbiss fs possfmhi midnusi Dgrfst `uh`fhhie motg
tgi omiefibdi o` su``irfbj pnfbs nbe o` aiipfbj tgi hnws. Ugi omiefibdi o`
ndtfbj fs bot efstfbjufsgie `rol tgi omiefibdi o` su``irfbj, `or tgiri wouhe
mi bo omiefibdi o` su``irfbj wftgout tgi omiefibdi o` ndtfbj nbe Dgrfst,
wgo pripnrie Gflsih` wftgout mhilfsgis nbe spots, efie ns n pripnrie
hnlm.>=:) Ugiri`ori, ndtfbj omiefibdi fs bot nb ixdiss mut n suftnmhi lirft.
Zi gnvi to `fbe tgi prfdi o` tgi wora o` vfdnrfous rieilptfob fb tgi
pirsob o` Dgrfst. Ugi dnusi o` rieilptfob dnbbot mi bulmirie my n
qunbtftntfvi dnhduhntfob.>=7)
Ugiri`ori, Mnvfbda dhnfls tgnt Dgrfsts ibtfri hf`i nbe wora, `rol
gfs dobdiptfob to gfs eintg, wns sumstftutfobnry fb bnturi. Dgrfsts
vfdnrfous rieilptfob eois bot stop nt pnyfbj tgi prfdi `or sfb, mut fbdhueis
tgi omiefibdi o` aiipfbj nhh tgi hnw, wgfdg fs tgi dobeftfob `or tgi
dovibnbt o` woras. Ndtfbj omiefibdi fs obi wftg su``irfbj omiefibdi, `or
tgiy nhtojitgir `uh`fhh Joes wfhh fb obi pirsob nbe nt tgi snli tfli, nhh tgi
rfjgtiousbiss o` snhvntfob, wgfdg phinsis Joe.>=6)
My sudg liefntfob o` Dgrfsts gulnbfty nbe efvfbfty, mihfivirs dnb
gnvi pindi wftg Joe tgroujg tgi lystirfous ubfob wftg Gfl. Dgrfst gns
>=4) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.459.
>=5) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.405-400.
>=9) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.479.
>=0) D`. Uurritfb, Fbstftutis o` Ihibdtfd Ugiohojy, 5=0-544.
>=:) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.465-460.
>=7) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.53=.
>=6) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4:7-473.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
27/29
- =: -
`uh`fhhie tgi liefntfob o` ubfob. Ns n sndrf`fdi (fcrnslok, fcrnstgrfob), Gi
midnli tgi ridobdfhfntfob (antnhhnjg) mitwiib Joe nbe us. Ugi sumkidt tgnt
jfvis o``irfbj (fcrnsaisqnf) fs tgi Tob, mut tgi obi wgo lnais us nt pindi
wftg Gfl (antnhhnssifb) fs Joe. Ntobilibt (Pirsgbubj) fs riqufrie `or us to
gnvi pindi wftg Joe (Pirsgbubj). Mut sfbdi Joe gns lnei Gfs Tob to mi
tgi sndrf`fdi o` tgi ntobilibt, nhtgoujg Joe fs tgi obi wgo lnais us nt
pindi wftg Gfl, tgi Hore o` pindi fs tgi Tob, `or tgi Tob liefntis
mitwiib tgi @ntgir nbe us nddorefbj to tgi dovibnbt nlobj tgrii trfubi
Sirsobs. Ugiri`ori, wgib wi eiby tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob, tgi
eodtrfbi o` sumstftutfobnry ntobilibt wfhh mi fb vnfb nbe nhh tgi jnfbs `or
rieilptfob prisibtie fb tgi Mfmhi wfhh doli to botgfbj.>43)
9. Dobdhusfob
Fb tgfs pnpir, wi gnvi dobsfeirie tgi `ndt tgnt tgi rinsob wgy
Mnvfbda phndie tgi dibtrnhfty o` gfs tgiohojy fb Dgrfstohojy wns to `ohhow
tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor. My tgi wny ft
fs ivfeibt tgnt Mnvfbdas tgiohojy fs n proeudt o` gfs tfli. Njnfbst tgi
hfmirnh tgiohojy o` gfs eny, gi trfie to ei`ibe two eodtrfbis; obi fs tgi `ndt
tgnt Tdrfpturi fs Joes wore nbe tgi otgir tgi `ndt tgnt wi dnb mi snvie
obhy my tgi wora o` Dgrfst. To gi posftfobie gfs tgiohojy ipfstilohojfdnhhy
fb tgi prfbdfphi o` rivihntfob soujgt n`tir my tgi ]i`orlie tgiohojfnbs
n`tir Dnhvfb, nbe ilpgnsfzie tgnt snhvntfob fs possfmhi obhy my tgi lirft o`
tgi woras eobi fb tgi gypostntfd ubfob o` gulnbfty nbe tgi efvfbfty o` Joe
tgi Liefntor, wgo dnli fbto tgi worhe.
Ybhfai Uurritfb, Gippi or Dgnrhis Goeji, Mnvfbda eois bot eivoti
gflsih` to nrtfduhntfbj sopgfstfdntie tgiohojfdnh knrjob fb trintfbj tgi
eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob. @or ixnlphi, Mnvfbda eois bot pny spidfnh
nttibtfob to sudg hnbjunjis ns ibgypostntfn, nbgypostntfn, nmstrntul, or
dobdritul, fb rihntfob to tgi mifbj o` Gfs efvfbfty nbe gulnbfty fb obi
pirsob. Biftgir eois Mnvfbda try to eisdrfmi tgi ubfob o` tgi efvfbi nbe
gulnb bnturis my usfbj n litnpgor o` tgi rihntfob mitwiib tgi souh nbe
tgi `hisg fb gulnb moey.>4>) Gi rntgir trfis to ei`ibe tgi eodtrfbi o`
Dgrfstohojy, `ohhowfbj tgi ortgoeox rivihntory prfbdfphi. Ugi obhy tgfbj fs
tgnt my nbnhyzfbj fb eiptg efvirsi eodtrfbis eivihopie sfbdi tgi Inrhy
>43) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.55:-59=.
>4>) Ob tgi dobtrnry, Dgnrhis Goeji `riquibthy usis tgfs litnpgorfdnh nbnhojy. TystilntfdUgiohojy, =.4:7, 473, 476, 463, 46=, 465, 46:, 536 itd.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
28/29
- =7 -
Dgurdg gi efsdussis tgifr lirfts nbe eilirfts, nbe trfis to suddfbdthy
sullnrfzi gfs owb posftfob ns n dobdhusfob. Ugfs nspidt dnb mi snfe to mi
tgi ubfquibiss o` gfs tgiohojy. Gfs tgiohojy lny soube pgfhosopgfdnh or
itgfdnh, mut wgnt gi uhtflntihy pursuis fs n Mfmhfdnh tgiohojy.>4=)
Mnvfbda rijnreie tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob ns tgi hoop
tgnt dobbidts tgi ibtfri tgiohojy. Zi dnb sullnrfzi wgnt wi gnvi miib
tnhafbj nmout wftg n `iw sibtibdis ns `ohhows;
@frst, Mnvfbda stntis tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob `rol tgi
Urfbftnrfnb pirspidtfvi. Lost o` nhh, gi ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt tgi
dovibnbt istnmhfsgie gfstorfdnhhy nddorefbj to tgi itirbnh doubsih (pndtul
snhutfs) o` tgi Urfbfty mi`ori tgi mijfbbfbj o` tgi worhe wns `uh`fhhie my tgi
Fbdnrbntfob nbe tgi wora o` Dgrfst. Mnvfbda `fbes tgi bidissfty o` Dgrfsts
woras nddorefbj to tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob ns Joe-lnb (qinbqrwpok) fb tgi
idoboly o` tgi Urfbfty.
Tidobe, Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt tgi lystiry o` tgi
Fbdnrbntfob eois bot rilnfb fb tgi dobdiptfob mut rindgis tgi Liefntors
ibtfri hf`i `rol Gfs gulfhfntfob to Gfs ixnhtntfob, nttrfmutfbj ft to tgi wora
o` tgi Gohy Tpfrft. Hfaiwfsi, gi dhosihy dobbidts tgi dollubfdntfob o`
woras wftg tgi dollubfdntfob o` jf`ts fb einhfbj wftg tgi dollubfdntfob
o` Dgrfsts nttrfmutis.
Ugfre, Mnvfbda ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt nddorefbj to tgi eodtrfbi o`
tgi gypostntfd ubfob, Dgrfsts rieilptfvi wora opibie tgi eoor `or our
dollubfob wftg Joe tgroujg tgi lystirfous ubfob wftg Gfl. Gi siias tgfs
`rol tgi lystiry o` tgi Urfbftnrfnb ubfob. Gi efsdussis tgi gypostntfd
lystiry o` tgi Joe-lnb `rol tgi rihntfobsgfp mitwiib tgi @ntgir nbe tgi
Tob, nbe nhso tgi lystiry o` ubftfbj wftg Joe. Ugi lystiry dnb mi obhy
possfmhi my tgi pirsob o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor Gflsih`.
@ourtg, ob tgfs nddoubt Mnvfbda phndis tgi vfdnrfous sntfs`ndtfob
(sntfn`ndtfo vfdnrfn) fb tgi pirsob o` tgi Liefntor. Dgrfsts gulnbfty fs ivib
rfdgir tgnb tgnt o` Nenl prfor to tgi @nhh, so fs tgi jrndi o`
sumstftutfobnry ntobilibt. Gi dnli fbto tgi worhe to rilovi our sfbs,
`orjfvi us, nbe lnai pindi mitwiib Joe nbe us. Totirfohojy trints tgi
oreir or tgi idoboly o` npphyfbj tgi rfjgtiousbiss o` sudg sumstftutfobnry
ntobilibt to mihfivirs.>44)
@f`tg, ovirnhh, Mnvfbda, fb trintfbj tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd
>4=) D`. Kogb Moht, Dgrfst nbe tgi Hnw fb tgi Itgfds o` Girlnb Mnvfbda, Dnhvfb Ugiohojfdnh
Kourbnh=7 (>664), 59-:4.>44) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.935-930, 9==-9=7.
-
7/27/2019 38 Bavinck (Hy Postatic Union)
29/29
ubfob, ilpgnsfzis tgi `ndt tgnt Dgrfst tgi Liefntor fs nb itirbnh Joe (qiok).
Ugi lystiry o` tgfs eodtrfbi hfis fb tgi pirsob o` tgi Tob ftsih`. Ugiri`ori,
gi nhtojitgir rikidts tgi hfmirnhfsl, wgfdg pursuis fbtirbnhfsl or itgfdnhfsl
tgnt rikidts tgi efvfbfty o` Kisus Dgrfst, wgo dnli fbto tgi worhe, nbe
nrjuis tgnt obhy Joe ixfsts fb Dgrfst (ivbqiok).
Ugi pnrnjrnpg mihow jfvis n jooe nddoubt `or tgi efstfbdtfvi lnras
tgnt tgi eodtrfbi o` tgi gypostntfd ubfob o` Dgrfst tgi Liefntor, wgfdg
Mnvfbda pursuis.
Ft fs obi sfbjhi wora tgnt tgi @ntgir nssfjbie to gfl nbe tgnt gi
`fbfsgie fb gfs eintg (Kogb 5;451 >:;51 >6;43). Gfs lfbfstry wns
dolphitie fb tgi jfvfbj o` gfs hf`i ns n rnbsol `or lnby (Lntt.
=3;=7). Ivib Snuh, wgo powir`uhhy ilpgnsfzis tgi dross o` Dgrfst,
rijnres gfs eintg, bot ns tgi wgohi, mut ns tgi dobsullntfob o`
gfs omiefibdi. Gi wns morb ubeir tgi hnw(Jnh. 5;5), fb tgi hfaibiss
o` sfb`uh `hisg (]ol. 7;4), efe bot hfvi to phinsi gflsih` (]ol. >9;4)1
nt gfs fbdnrbntfob gi nhriney ilptfie gflsih` nbe nssulie tgi `orl
o` n sirvnbt1 gi dobtfbunhhy gulmhie gflsih` nbe midnli omiefibt
ivib to eintg (Sgfh. =;:-71 = Dor. 7;6). To ft fs obi sfbjhi lfbfstry
nbe obi omiefibdi, wgfdg jfvis hf`i-jfvfbj kustf`fdntfob (efanfwsfk
zwgk) to lnby (]ol. 9;>7->6).>45)
(Tohf Eio Jhorfn fb Nitirbul)!
>45) Mnvfbda, ]i`orlie Eojlntfds, 4.4:7.
top related