27. why do oceans and continents have different thermal

WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?

Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans.

•Differences in Specific Heat.

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.

•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.

•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.

•Differences in Mixing.

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.

•Differences in Mixing.The ability of the substance to redistribute energy within itself once the energy has been delivered.

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

OHH

Water molecule

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

20,000 KJ

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

T↑~5°K

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

20,000 4,200

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

T↑~5°K

T↑8°K

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

20,0002,500

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeatLatent

Heat

Oceans Continents

LatentHeat

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

More water available to change the state of over oceans than continents. Thus proportion to Latent Heat Flux is higher

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat

Ground Heat

Changes in surface and air temperatures

No changes in temperatures

PENETRATION OF RADIATION:

Oceans Continents

Liquid Solid

CONTINENTOCEAN

Dept

h

Dept

h

Greater depth of penetration in the liquid ocean compared to solid continents

Assume equal Ground Heat Flux

PENETRATION OF RADIATION:

Oceans Continents

Temperature Temperature

Liquid Solid

CONTINENTOCEAN

Dept

h

Dept

hEqual Areas

Equal quantities of energy represent equal areas “heated”. Oceans “deep” but “cool surface” – continents “Shallow”, but “warm surface”

CoolWarm

Calm

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

MIXING:

Least Dense

Denser

Most Dense

Stable Profile – little mixing.

CalmRough

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

MIXING:

Wave Energy – surface mixing.

CalmRough

Salty

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

MIXING:

Saline Waters – more dense, promote vertical mixing.

Evaporation

CalmRough

Salty

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

Cold

MIXING:

Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing.

CalmRough

Salty

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

Cold

MIXING:

Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing.

No equivalent processes within the continental surfaces.