27. why do oceans and continents have different thermal

24
WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES? Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans.

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who do oceans and continents have different thermal properties

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Page 1: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?

Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans.

Page 2: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

•Differences in Specific Heat.

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.

•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

Page 3: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.

•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

Page 4: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.

•Differences in Mixing.

Page 5: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.

•Differences in Mixing.

Page 6: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).

•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.

•Differences in Mixing.The ability of the substance to redistribute energy within itself once the energy has been delivered.

Page 7: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

OHH

Water molecule

Page 8: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Page 9: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

20,000 KJ

Page 10: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

Page 11: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

Page 12: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

T↑~5°K

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

20,000 4,200

Page 13: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

-

+ +

SPECIFICIC HEAT:

- -+ +

OHH

Water molecule

Hydrogen bonds

Water Soil

20,000 KJ

1Kg H2O 1Kg soil

T↑~5°K

T↑8°K

Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1

20,0002,500

Page 14: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeatLatent

Heat

Oceans Continents

LatentHeat

Page 15: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

More water available to change the state of over oceans than continents. Thus proportion to Latent Heat Flux is higher

Page 16: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat

Page 17: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

LATENT HEAT FLUX:

Ground Heat

SensibleHeat

SensibleHeat

LatentHeat

LatentHeat

Oceans Continents

If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat

Ground Heat

Changes in surface and air temperatures

No changes in temperatures

Page 18: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

PENETRATION OF RADIATION:

Oceans Continents

Liquid Solid

CONTINENTOCEAN

Dept

h

Dept

h

Greater depth of penetration in the liquid ocean compared to solid continents

Assume equal Ground Heat Flux

Page 19: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

PENETRATION OF RADIATION:

Oceans Continents

Temperature Temperature

Liquid Solid

CONTINENTOCEAN

Dept

h

Dept

hEqual Areas

Equal quantities of energy represent equal areas “heated”. Oceans “deep” but “cool surface” – continents “Shallow”, but “warm surface”

CoolWarm

Page 20: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

Calm

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

MIXING:

Least Dense

Denser

Most Dense

Stable Profile – little mixing.

Page 22: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

CalmRough

Salty

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

MIXING:

Saline Waters – more dense, promote vertical mixing.

Evaporation

Page 24: 27. Why Do Oceans and Continents Have Different Thermal

CalmRough

Salty

Warm

Cooler

Coolest

Cold

MIXING:

Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing.

No equivalent processes within the continental surfaces.