21st-century literacies 1998. 1650 curriculum (wealthy, male, english) classic (latin/greek)...
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21st-Century Literacies21st-Century Literacies21st-Century Literacies21st-Century Literacies
1998
1650 Curriculum(wealthy, male, English)
• Classic (Latin/Greek)– Drama– History– Philosophy
• Law
• Religion
1850 Curriculum(most whites complete primary)
• Geography
• Foreign languages
• English literature
• Skills for work
1900 Curriculum
• Students: immigration double the current level • Subjects:
– Elitist vs. inclusive– New sciences– Mass literacy
2000 Curriculum(87% G12; 23% BA)
• Remember the textbook
• Follow directions
• Work alone
• Solve problems
• Complete (“cover”) the curriculum
Growth Laws
Moore: # transistors on each chip doubles every 18 months
Metcalfe: network value proportional to (# users)2
Increasing Pace of Change
Digital power = computing X
communication X storage X content
--John Seely Brown
21st-century changes
• Language
• Knowledge
• Work
• Literacy
• Technology
(1) Language: Decoding => Integrating knowledge from multiple sources and media
Language changes
• Dying languages
• New languages, e.g, World Englishes
• Merging, e.g., Hindi & English
• global internet use
• electronic journals
• Campus Computing Project
• doubling
Course functions
• syllabus
• assignments
• research projects
• questions
• articles
• data
• interactive software
• testing
• www resources
Spatial Narrative
I think CD-ROMs imply a new kind of narrative...Instead of just moving through time, all of a sudden stories now move through space, so that architecture becomes the reigning metaphor.
– Spiegelman, 1995
Stratification
• Language, gender, race, class, nationality, physical ability
• ASCII– 0, 1, 2, 3, ...– A, B, C, ...– $ and ¢– No ~, ç, ü
• Netiquette encodes male discourse
2. Knowledge: Remembering => Thinking critically
New ways of constructng meaning
• Internationalization
• Interconnections of knowledge
• Need for collaboration, cross-cultural understanding
Knowledge vs. information
Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. We are in great haste to construct a magnetic telegraph from Maine to Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate.
–Thoreau, WaldenDeep Blue not programmed to accept draw
3. Work: Independent => Collaborative
Knowledge work
By the end of this century knowledge workers will make up a third or more of the work force in the United States—as large a proportion as manufacturing workers ever made up, except in wartime.
–Drucker, 1994
4. Literacy: Solving => Finding problems
Changing media in life
• Book sales
• Scholarly journals
• More reading & writing in work
• Rising IQ, educational attainment
5. Technology: Following directions => Continuing to
learn
New media
• Email communities
• Digital libraries
• Virtual reality
• Hypermedia, Web
• Robotics
• Ubiquitous computing
The computer agent
• “Come Practice Now”
• => “Compress, now”
• Non-interruptible operation
• Hears, initiates, decides, ...?
• Can we always pull the plug?
• (Asimov’s three laws of robotics)
The computer hybrid
• Vivace (~ Music Minus One)
• Listens, follows, adapts, ...
• New conceptions of practice, performance, music
• Can it be too adaptive?
Definition of Self
• Barbie & Her Magical House– Visual discrimination: home decorating– Cause/effect: select music– Decision-making: choosing make-up
• Materials-centered
In the future already
X-Files: on-line forum to discuss show’s direction
Science fiction itself has remained the same. We have caught up to it...We are a science-fiction generation.
–Ray Bradbury
We can’t think far enough ahead anymore.
–Ron Shusett
Surveillance & Control
The road to freedom via a two-way Information Highway may turn into a one-way Surveillance Street, used to condition people’s thoughts and control their behavior.
– Crawford,1994
Video surveillance is now so ubiquitous that we’re on television more than we watch it.
CSCW research (program committee)
What will be the 2050 curriculum?
Learning...
• Integrating knowledge
• Thinking critically
• Collaborating
• Finding problems
• Learning how to learn
Return to basic questions
• What is literacy? How does it develop?
• What is its relation to schooling and life?
• What is learning?
• What is teaching?
• What does it mean to be human?
Closing
• Dramatic changes in our literacy practices
• More democracy, liberatory education?
• Technologies alone do not produce change
• Need to understand & shape these changes
• Call for dialogue
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