20161020 general meeting 1 - mycrobes.berkeley.edu · • winter 2016 - assembled team, established...
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general meeting 1
20 October 2016
introductions
today’s topics• the human microbiome
• about the study
the human microbiome
the human microbiome• human microbiota: the microorganisms that live
within and on humans
• human microbiome: the genomes of these microorganisms
• HMP: Human Microbiome Project
Turnbaugh et al., The Human Microbiome Project, Nature, 2007.
the gut microbiome• most symbiotic microbes located in the gut
• functions:
- metabolism
- host protection and immune-system development
- gut-brain axisBull and Plummer, Part 1: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease, IMCJ, 2014.
• mainly two bacterial phyla: Bacteriodetes Firmicutes
• influenced by many factors, including host age, genetics and diet
gut microbiome diversity
De Filippo et al., Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa, PNAS, 2010.
microbiome and health• obesity:
- “associated with changes in the relative abundance of the two dominant bacterial divisions, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes”
- “obese microbiome has increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet”
- “colonization of germ-free mice with an 'obese microbiota' results in a significantly greater increase in total body fat than colonization with a 'lean microbiota”
Turnbaugh et al., An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest, Nature, 2006.
C. difficile infection (CDI)• Clostridium difficile: anaerobic, antibiotic resistant, Gram-positive bacteria
- commonly found in the human gut but outcompeted by other bacteria
- after antibiotic treatment, C. difficile may take over
- produces various toxins, including cytotoxin an enterotoxin
• symptoms include diarrhea, fever, and potentially deadly inflammation of the colon
• if antibiotic treatment fails, stool transplants are fairly effective in treating CDI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_infection
impact of soylent consumption on human microbiome composition
history of the study• fall 2015 - conception and ideas
• winter 2016 - assembled team, established RSO
• february 2016 - crowdfunding campaign…
experiment.com/soylentmicrobiome
• crowdfunding, for science!
• funding sources:
- friends and family
- reddit.com/r/soylent
- experiment.com community
history of the study• fall 2016 - conception
• winter 2016 - assembled team, established RSO
• february 2016 - crowdfunding campaign
• january to october 2016 - IRB review
IRB review• federally required documentation and paperwork
for ethical biomedical human research
• 10 months
• 1 bajillion revisions
• 82 page document
• it means our study is approved and safe
history of the study• fall 2015 - conception
• winter 2016 - assembled team, established RSO
• february 2016 - crowdfunding campaign
• january to october 2016 - IRB review
• october 2016 - first meeting!
• november 2016 - main study begins
why soylent?• students are busy
• students want to be healthy
• more and more people are drinking soylent
participation in the study• every participant receives 8 uBiome gut DNA kits
• if you are in the soylent group, 20 bottles of soylent
• full access to your personal sequencing data
• $700+ value!
revised study design• 9 participants in soylent group
• 5 participants in control group
• soylent is consumed for 4 days
daily procedures• diet
• microbiome sampling
• electronic log
diet• regular diet
- stick to your regular diet as described in screening protocol
• soylent diet
- 1 bottle for breakfast
- 2 bottles for lunch
- 2 bottles for dinner
microbiome sampling• keep a kit with you at all times
1. swab off used toilet paper
2. re-suspend in lysis buffer
3. seal kit in envelope
daily electronic logevery night, submit an electronic form:
• diet
• sampling information
• bristol stool rating
• health notes
next weekstudy logistics:
1. sign informed consent document
2. receive Participant ID
3. fill out health screening form
topics:
1. next-generation dna sequencing
2. bioinformatics
questions?
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