20 century art chapter 14

THE 20th CENTURY

Edvard MUNCH

The Scream

1893

fin de siecle"end of the

century”

He proposed a radically new approach to the concepts of time, space , and motion.

E=mc2 Energy=Mass x speed of

Light 2 Describes energy as a

form of matter.

Sigmund

FREUD(1856-1939)

• father of

PSYCHOANALYSIS

• investigations into the SUBCONSCIOUS MIND

Edweard MUYBRIDGE

PhotographicStudies of Movement

Palo Alto 1878-79

Étienne-Jules MAREY Photographic

Studies of Movement

late 1880’s

POST IMPRESSIONISTS (1880’s - early 1900’s)

sought to use color and line to describe their emotional responses to the scene before them

VAN GOGH 1853-1890

CEZANNE 1839-1906

GAUGUIN 1848-1903

THE FOUNDATIONS OF 20th CENTURY PAINTINGBetween 1901-06, several comprehensive van Gogh, Gauguin & Cezanne exhibitions held in Paris and Germany

Henri

ROUSSEAU

Sleeping Gypsy 1897

• self taught painter, admired by PICASSOTHE TURN OF THE CENTURY

• a preview of the coming century

Fauvism (wild beasts) was an art movement that used intense sometimes clashing or unnatural colors and bold

brush strokes as seen in Joy of Life (1905) and Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse, The Blue House (1906) by

Maurice de Vlaminck, and St. Paul’s Cathedral seen from the Thames (1906) by André Derain.

LES FAUVES

Henri MATISSE

THE WILD BEASTS

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

• leader of this loosely knit group

• experimentation and exploration

Andre DERAIN

LES FAUVES - FAUVISM

THE WILD BEASTS

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

• wild “VIOLENT” colors

• distortion of forms and perspective

LES FAUVES - FAUVISM THE WILD

BEASTS

VLAMNICK

20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

EXPRESSIONISM• emotional

• unrestrained color

• bold distortions

• takes root in GERMANY

Wassily KANDINSKY

Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER

• URBAN ANGST

• PURE PAINTING

Cubism is a movement in art, characterized by subjects reduced to geometric shapes such as cubes, shows different views and angles of an object that couldn’t be seen normally like a 3-D picture flattened out as seen in The Three Musicians (1921) and

Guernica (1937) by Pablo Picasso,Bottle and Fishes (1910) and Man and a Guitar (1911) by George Braque

Pablo

PICASSO

ABSTRACTION

CUBISM

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

1906

• deconstruction of the notion of beauty

• fractured & redefined pictorial space

• redefined painting: rejects the idea of BEAUTY as the goal of art

THE 20TH CENTURY

GIRL BEFORE A MIRROR - 1932 BUST OF WOMAN WITH

A HAT - 1962

BABY IN POLKA DOT ROBE - 1947

NAKED WOMAN UNDER A PINE TREE - 1959

RAPE OF THE SABINE WOMEN - 1963YOUNG GIRL - 1970

THE BULLFIGHT - 1934

Pablo PICASSO

Georges BRAQUE

MORE CONCEPTUAL THAN PERCEPTUAL

ANALYTIC CUBISM

• a cerebral interpretation of nature

• an analytical abstraction

ABSTRACTIONTHE 20TH CENTURY

Synthetic Cubism

Collage of elements

Picasso

Braque

THE 20TH CENTURY

• abstraction through synthesis of elements

ABSTRACTION

CUBISM…an evolution

of a style

Juan GRISRobert DELAUNAY

Sonya DELAUNAY

THE 20TH CENTURY

• widespread influence of CUBISM

• evolves into many variations

• introduction of strong color

ABSTRACTION

Futurism is an Italian art movement celebrating noise, technology, machines, war, photography and movement, characterized by contrast, speed, and restlessness of modern life as seen in Street Light, Study of Light (1909) and Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912) by Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Soccer Player (1913) by Umberto Boccioni, and Armoured Train (1915) by Gino Severini.

Marcel DUCHAMPNude Descending a

Staircase

Futurism

- Movement

- Speed

Futurist Manifesto 1909

- Anarchy, Violence

THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION

FUTURISM

Umberto BOCCIONI

• frenzied, frenetic, fractured

• celebrates industrialized urban life

THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION

• revels in the promise of industry & technology

• incorporates CUBISM

Futurism

Ferdinand LEGER

• the new urban WORLD

• industrial UTOPIA

THE 20TH CENTURY

• optimism and faith in a better future through technology

ABSTRACTION

FUTURISM glorifies and celebrates:

Orphism is an art movement sometimes called Orphic Cubism, characterized by use of circles, and overlapping planes of bright, contrasting colors as seen in Simultaneous Contrasts: Sun and Moon (1912) and Carousel with Pigs (1922) by Robert Delaunay and Rythme Couleur (1958) Electric Prisms (1914) by his wife Sonia Delaunay

WORLD WAR I1914 - 1917

THE MACHINE GUNTHE 20TH CENTURY

WORLD WAR I • THE GREAT WAR

“The war to end all wars”

…the dreams & promises of an

industrialized UTOPIA are

shattered

…a glimpse of the future

THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

FRANCE (PARIS), ITALY - DADA, SURREALISM

GERMANY (BERLIN) - GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

RUSSIA - SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM

HOLLAND - DE STIJL (The STYLE)

GERMANY - the BAUHAUS

da

daDA

DA

da

AFTER THE GREAT WAR…

• DA: YES in RUMANIAN

• the French word for “HOBBY HORSE”

• a child’s first few words

DADA20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

dada

Hugo BALL

Dada Poem

1917

MAN RAY

Cadeau (the Gift)

1958 (replica of 1921 original)

Francis Picabia

Portrait of Cezanne

1920

• a subversive movement:

ANTI -EVERYTHING

• attacked the notions held by BOURGEOIS society

• celebrates & elevates absurdity

DADA

Raoul HAUSMANN

The Art Critic

1919-20

COLLAGE• favorite of the DADAISTS

• cut outs from mass media: newspapers & magazines

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Marcel DUCHAMP

The Fountain

1917

(aka: R. Mutt)

dada

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

“READYMADES”

...SHOCK, PUZZLE & TEASE

dada

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

DUCHAMP’S “READYMADES”

Bicycle wheel 1913

In Advance

of a Broken

Arm 1915

challenges every artistic notion of the value of artistic skill

L.H.O.O.Q. 1919

Surrealism is a form of art characterized by a

dreamlike quality, confusing images,

strange combinations of objects and shapes as seen in Constellations (1940+) by Joan Miro’ (Sp.), The Persistence of Memory (1933) by

Salvador Dali (Sp.), The Son of Man (1964) by Rene’ Magritte (Bel.), and I and the Village

(1911) by Marc Chagall (Russ.)

SURREALISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• DADA falls apart

• an outgrowth of DADA

• fantastic landscapes and environments of the mind

Giorgio de CHIRICO

Rene MAGRITTE

SURREALISM20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• new visions of the “INTERNAL WORLD”

• dream - like images

• explorations into the UNCONSCIOUS MIND

SURREALISM

Salvador DALI20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I• nightmarish

visions

• consummate technician

Expressionism is an art movement characterized by human feelings like fear, showing tragedy like the horrors of war,

darker colors, and angry strokes, as seen in Scream (1893) and The Dead Mother (1897) by Edvard Munch, Christ’s Entry into Brussels (1889) and Skeletons Warming Themselves at a

Stove (1889) by James Ensor.

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER

URBAN ANGST

• GERMANY: 1920’s -30’s (between WWI & WWII)

• GERMANY in turmoil

• bankrupt economy

• chaos & anarchy

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

Max

BECKMAN20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• an angry, cruel world

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

Max BECKMAN

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• bold colors, crude, angular strokes

• content is pessimistic, chaotic, angry

• crowded, jumbled, confused

Kasimir MALEVICH

…BEFORE the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

• influenced by CUBISM & FUTURISM

the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1917

“BREAD, PEACE and LAND”

The FALL of the LAST MAJOR AUTOCRATIC MONARCHY in EUROPE

THE RISE OF SOCIALISM

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

SOCIALISMso cial•ism, n. 1. The theory or system of the ownership and operation of the means of production and distribution by the society or community rather than by private individuals, with all the members of the society or community sharing the work and the products

COMMUNISM

com mu•nism, n. (Fr. communisme, from L. communis, common)

1. An economic theory or system of the ownership of all the property by the community of society sharing in the work and the products

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Vladimir Illyich

LENIN

U.S.S.R.

United

Soviet

Socialist

Republic

1917

SUPREMATISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

SUPREMATISM

…a new art for the new WORKER’S UTOPIA

• LINE, SHAPE and COLOR distilled to its PURE essence

Kasimir MALEVICH

• rejects all the “OLD” / creation of a NEW AESTHETIC

SUPREMATISMMALEVICH

1915

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

RUSSIA

CONSTRUCTIVISM

ABSTRACTION

THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

CONSTRUCTIVISM

• incorporates MALEVICH’S ideas - PROMOTION of SOCIALLIST VALUES

• visual foundation of today’s GRAPHIC DESIGN

Lazar Markovich LISSITZKY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Alexander

RODCHENKO

Novyi Lef

(Left Front of the Arts) Poster of LENIN:

BREAD, PEACE , LAND

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Abstractionism is an art movement from the early to mid 1900’s, which is characterized by non-representational 2 dimensional forms, simple shapes and lines, not a lot of blending, and pure colors as seen in White Center by Mark Rothko, Broadway Boogie Woogie by Piet Mondrian, Red Canna by Georgia O’Keeffe (1924), and Composition #4 by Wassily Kandinsky (1911).

DE STIJLPiet MONDRIAN (The STYLE)

…after WORLD WAR I

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

DE STIJL(The STYLE)

Theo van DOESBURG

Piet

MONDRIAN

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

BAUHAUSBAUHAUS

1919-193320TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

The ART SCHOOL of MODERNIST TRENDS

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

THE BAUHAUS

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

into WORLD WAR II

1938

WORLD WAR II

Guernica, Picasso 1937

April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, a joint assault on the town of Guernica was carried out by the German Luftwaffe and Spanish Nationalists under General Francisco Franco- on the Spanish Basques The airstrike came in 2 stages. The first stage was to bomb all the roads and bridges out of Guernica. The second stage was to carpet bomb the entire town of Basques. This strike killed approx 1,600 civilians and a small Basque light army.

Two years before-hand, Picasso was hired by the Spanish government to make a mural for the World’s fair in Paris. Picasso also preferred keep his art out of political matters. Until bombing of Guernica. Picasso became a staunch supporter of the Basques and their ideal of a unified Spanish Republic.

When pressed to explain them in Guernica, Picasso said, "...this bull is a bull and this horse is a horse... If you give a meaning to certain things in my paintings it may be very true, but it is not my idea to give this meaning. What ideas and conclusions you have got I obtained too, but instinctively, unconsciously. I make the painting for the painting. I paint the objects for what they are." [1]

Lets interpret it anyway! Give the painting a good look over.

2. The duck In most traditions, birds have a predominantly positive

connotation. They represent the human desire to escape gravity, to reach the level of the angel. The bird is often the disembodied human soul, free of its physical constrictions.

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4. The dead soldier looks to the sky, underneath the horse, on 4. The dead soldier looks to the sky, underneath the horse, on his deathbed. his deathbed.

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6. The light is shaped like an eye. Light means truth, goodness, purity, wisdom and intellect.

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8. This women is mesmerized by the light.

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10. An open door. Western hemisphere paintings are read from left to right. The last part of the painting to be read is an open door symbolizing hope for the future.

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