20 century art chapter 14
TRANSCRIPT
THE 20th CENTURY
Edvard MUNCH
The Scream
1893
fin de siecle"end of the
century”
He proposed a radically new approach to the concepts of time, space , and motion.
E=mc2 Energy=Mass x speed of
Light 2 Describes energy as a
form of matter.
Sigmund
FREUD(1856-1939)
• father of
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• investigations into the SUBCONSCIOUS MIND
Edweard MUYBRIDGE
PhotographicStudies of Movement
Palo Alto 1878-79
Étienne-Jules MAREY Photographic
Studies of Movement
late 1880’s
POST IMPRESSIONISTS (1880’s - early 1900’s)
sought to use color and line to describe their emotional responses to the scene before them
VAN GOGH 1853-1890
CEZANNE 1839-1906
GAUGUIN 1848-1903
THE FOUNDATIONS OF 20th CENTURY PAINTINGBetween 1901-06, several comprehensive van Gogh, Gauguin & Cezanne exhibitions held in Paris and Germany
Henri
ROUSSEAU
Sleeping Gypsy 1897
• self taught painter, admired by PICASSOTHE TURN OF THE CENTURY
• a preview of the coming century
Fauvism (wild beasts) was an art movement that used intense sometimes clashing or unnatural colors and bold
brush strokes as seen in Joy of Life (1905) and Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse, The Blue House (1906) by
Maurice de Vlaminck, and St. Paul’s Cathedral seen from the Thames (1906) by André Derain.
LES FAUVES
Henri MATISSE
THE WILD BEASTS
20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM
• leader of this loosely knit group
• experimentation and exploration
Andre DERAIN
LES FAUVES - FAUVISM
THE WILD BEASTS
20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM
• wild “VIOLENT” colors
• distortion of forms and perspective
LES FAUVES - FAUVISM THE WILD
BEASTS
VLAMNICK
20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM
EXPRESSIONISM• emotional
• unrestrained color
• bold distortions
• takes root in GERMANY
Wassily KANDINSKY
Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER
• URBAN ANGST
• PURE PAINTING
Cubism is a movement in art, characterized by subjects reduced to geometric shapes such as cubes, shows different views and angles of an object that couldn’t be seen normally like a 3-D picture flattened out as seen in The Three Musicians (1921) and
Guernica (1937) by Pablo Picasso,Bottle and Fishes (1910) and Man and a Guitar (1911) by George Braque
Pablo
PICASSO
ABSTRACTION
CUBISM
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
1906
• deconstruction of the notion of beauty
• fractured & redefined pictorial space
• redefined painting: rejects the idea of BEAUTY as the goal of art
THE 20TH CENTURY
GIRL BEFORE A MIRROR - 1932 BUST OF WOMAN WITH
A HAT - 1962
BABY IN POLKA DOT ROBE - 1947
NAKED WOMAN UNDER A PINE TREE - 1959
RAPE OF THE SABINE WOMEN - 1963YOUNG GIRL - 1970
THE BULLFIGHT - 1934
Pablo PICASSO
Georges BRAQUE
MORE CONCEPTUAL THAN PERCEPTUAL
ANALYTIC CUBISM
• a cerebral interpretation of nature
• an analytical abstraction
ABSTRACTIONTHE 20TH CENTURY
Synthetic Cubism
Collage of elements
Picasso
Braque
THE 20TH CENTURY
• abstraction through synthesis of elements
ABSTRACTION
CUBISM…an evolution
of a style
Juan GRISRobert DELAUNAY
Sonya DELAUNAY
THE 20TH CENTURY
• widespread influence of CUBISM
• evolves into many variations
• introduction of strong color
ABSTRACTION
Futurism is an Italian art movement celebrating noise, technology, machines, war, photography and movement, characterized by contrast, speed, and restlessness of modern life as seen in Street Light, Study of Light (1909) and Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912) by Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Soccer Player (1913) by Umberto Boccioni, and Armoured Train (1915) by Gino Severini.
Marcel DUCHAMPNude Descending a
Staircase
Futurism
- Movement
- Speed
Futurist Manifesto 1909
- Anarchy, Violence
THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION
FUTURISM
Umberto BOCCIONI
• frenzied, frenetic, fractured
• celebrates industrialized urban life
THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION
• revels in the promise of industry & technology
• incorporates CUBISM
Futurism
Ferdinand LEGER
• the new urban WORLD
• industrial UTOPIA
THE 20TH CENTURY
• optimism and faith in a better future through technology
ABSTRACTION
FUTURISM glorifies and celebrates:
Orphism is an art movement sometimes called Orphic Cubism, characterized by use of circles, and overlapping planes of bright, contrasting colors as seen in Simultaneous Contrasts: Sun and Moon (1912) and Carousel with Pigs (1922) by Robert Delaunay and Rythme Couleur (1958) Electric Prisms (1914) by his wife Sonia Delaunay
WORLD WAR I1914 - 1917
THE MACHINE GUNTHE 20TH CENTURY
WORLD WAR I • THE GREAT WAR
“The war to end all wars”
…the dreams & promises of an
industrialized UTOPIA are
shattered
…a glimpse of the future
THE 20TH CENTURY
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
FRANCE (PARIS), ITALY - DADA, SURREALISM
GERMANY (BERLIN) - GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM
RUSSIA - SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM
HOLLAND - DE STIJL (The STYLE)
GERMANY - the BAUHAUS
da
daDA
DA
da
AFTER THE GREAT WAR…
• DA: YES in RUMANIAN
• the French word for “HOBBY HORSE”
• a child’s first few words
DADA20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
dada
Hugo BALL
Dada Poem
1917
MAN RAY
Cadeau (the Gift)
1958 (replica of 1921 original)
Francis Picabia
Portrait of Cezanne
1920
• a subversive movement:
ANTI -EVERYTHING
• attacked the notions held by BOURGEOIS society
• celebrates & elevates absurdity
DADA
Raoul HAUSMANN
The Art Critic
1919-20
COLLAGE• favorite of the DADAISTS
• cut outs from mass media: newspapers & magazines
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
Marcel DUCHAMP
The Fountain
1917
(aka: R. Mutt)
dada
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
“READYMADES”
...SHOCK, PUZZLE & TEASE
dada
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
DUCHAMP’S “READYMADES”
Bicycle wheel 1913
In Advance
of a Broken
Arm 1915
challenges every artistic notion of the value of artistic skill
L.H.O.O.Q. 1919
Surrealism is a form of art characterized by a
dreamlike quality, confusing images,
strange combinations of objects and shapes as seen in Constellations (1940+) by Joan Miro’ (Sp.), The Persistence of Memory (1933) by
Salvador Dali (Sp.), The Son of Man (1964) by Rene’ Magritte (Bel.), and I and the Village
(1911) by Marc Chagall (Russ.)
SURREALISM
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
• DADA falls apart
• an outgrowth of DADA
• fantastic landscapes and environments of the mind
Giorgio de CHIRICO
Rene MAGRITTE
SURREALISM20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
• new visions of the “INTERNAL WORLD”
• dream - like images
• explorations into the UNCONSCIOUS MIND
SURREALISM
Salvador DALI20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I• nightmarish
visions
• consummate technician
Expressionism is an art movement characterized by human feelings like fear, showing tragedy like the horrors of war,
darker colors, and angry strokes, as seen in Scream (1893) and The Dead Mother (1897) by Edvard Munch, Christ’s Entry into Brussels (1889) and Skeletons Warming Themselves at a
Stove (1889) by James Ensor.
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER
URBAN ANGST
• GERMANY: 1920’s -30’s (between WWI & WWII)
• GERMANY in turmoil
• bankrupt economy
• chaos & anarchy
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM
Max
BECKMAN20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
• an angry, cruel world
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM
Max BECKMAN
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
• bold colors, crude, angular strokes
• content is pessimistic, chaotic, angry
• crowded, jumbled, confused
Kasimir MALEVICH
…BEFORE the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
• influenced by CUBISM & FUTURISM
the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
1917
“BREAD, PEACE and LAND”
The FALL of the LAST MAJOR AUTOCRATIC MONARCHY in EUROPE
THE RISE OF SOCIALISM
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
SOCIALISMso cial•ism, n. 1. The theory or system of the ownership and operation of the means of production and distribution by the society or community rather than by private individuals, with all the members of the society or community sharing the work and the products
COMMUNISM
com mu•nism, n. (Fr. communisme, from L. communis, common)
1. An economic theory or system of the ownership of all the property by the community of society sharing in the work and the products
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
Vladimir Illyich
LENIN
U.S.S.R.
United
Soviet
Socialist
Republic
1917
SUPREMATISM
ABSTRACTION
THE 20TH CENTURY
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
SUPREMATISM
…a new art for the new WORKER’S UTOPIA
• LINE, SHAPE and COLOR distilled to its PURE essence
Kasimir MALEVICH
• rejects all the “OLD” / creation of a NEW AESTHETIC
SUPREMATISMMALEVICH
1915
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
RUSSIA
CONSTRUCTIVISM
ABSTRACTION
THE 20TH CENTURY
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
CONSTRUCTIVISM
• incorporates MALEVICH’S ideas - PROMOTION of SOCIALLIST VALUES
• visual foundation of today’s GRAPHIC DESIGN
Lazar Markovich LISSITZKY
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
Alexander
RODCHENKO
Novyi Lef
(Left Front of the Arts) Poster of LENIN:
BREAD, PEACE , LAND
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Abstractionism is an art movement from the early to mid 1900’s, which is characterized by non-representational 2 dimensional forms, simple shapes and lines, not a lot of blending, and pure colors as seen in White Center by Mark Rothko, Broadway Boogie Woogie by Piet Mondrian, Red Canna by Georgia O’Keeffe (1924), and Composition #4 by Wassily Kandinsky (1911).
DE STIJLPiet MONDRIAN (The STYLE)
…after WORLD WAR I
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
DE STIJL(The STYLE)
Theo van DOESBURG
Piet
MONDRIAN
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
BAUHAUSBAUHAUS
1919-193320TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
The ART SCHOOL of MODERNIST TRENDS
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
THE BAUHAUS
20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I
into WORLD WAR II
1938
WORLD WAR II
Guernica, Picasso 1937
April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, a joint assault on the town of Guernica was carried out by the German Luftwaffe and Spanish Nationalists under General Francisco Franco- on the Spanish Basques The airstrike came in 2 stages. The first stage was to bomb all the roads and bridges out of Guernica. The second stage was to carpet bomb the entire town of Basques. This strike killed approx 1,600 civilians and a small Basque light army.
Two years before-hand, Picasso was hired by the Spanish government to make a mural for the World’s fair in Paris. Picasso also preferred keep his art out of political matters. Until bombing of Guernica. Picasso became a staunch supporter of the Basques and their ideal of a unified Spanish Republic.
When pressed to explain them in Guernica, Picasso said, "...this bull is a bull and this horse is a horse... If you give a meaning to certain things in my paintings it may be very true, but it is not my idea to give this meaning. What ideas and conclusions you have got I obtained too, but instinctively, unconsciously. I make the painting for the painting. I paint the objects for what they are." [1]
Lets interpret it anyway! Give the painting a good look over.
2. The duck In most traditions, birds have a predominantly positive
connotation. They represent the human desire to escape gravity, to reach the level of the angel. The bird is often the disembodied human soul, free of its physical constrictions.
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4. The dead soldier looks to the sky, underneath the horse, on 4. The dead soldier looks to the sky, underneath the horse, on his deathbed. his deathbed.
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6. The light is shaped like an eye. Light means truth, goodness, purity, wisdom and intellect.
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8. This women is mesmerized by the light.
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10. An open door. Western hemisphere paintings are read from left to right. The last part of the painting to be read is an open door symbolizing hope for the future.
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