14.3: the periodic table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 1

14.3: The Periodic Table

Review of Elements and Symbols

The Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes

Are the building blocks of matter

115 elements known todayExamples: carbon

goldcalcium

LecturePLUS Timberlake 3

Symbols of Elements

Use 1, 2 or 3 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only

Examples:

C carbon Co cobalt

N nitrogen Ca calcium

F fluorine Br bromine

O oxygen Mg magnesium

LecturePLUS Timberlake 5

% Major Elements in the Body

O 65.0 % K 0.34

C 18.0 S 0.26

H 10.0 Na 0.14

N 3.0 Cl 0.14

Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004

P 1.0 Zn 0.003

Mg 0.50

Trace Elements

As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

LecturePLUS Timberlake 6

Learning Check

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

1) C 2) Ca 3) CA

B. Sulfur

1) S 2) Sl 3) Su

C. Iron

1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe

LecturePLUS Timberlake 7

Solution

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

2) Ca

B. Sulfur

1) S

C. Iron

3) Fe

LecturePLUS Timberlake 8

Learning Check

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P

1) potassium 2) phlogiston3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver 2) agean 3) gold

LecturePLUS Timberlake 9

Solution

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

2) nitrogen B. P

3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver

LecturePLUS Timberlake 10

Periodic Table

The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.

LecturePLUS Timberlake 11

Physical Properties

The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.

ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor

LecturePLUS Timberlake 12

Groups of Elements

Vertical columns on the periodic table

Similar physical properties

Similar chemical properties

LecturePLUS Timberlake 13

Groups on the Periodic Table

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

LecturePLUS Timberlake 14

Representative Groups

Group 1 Alkali Metals

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 17 Halogens

Group 18 Noble Gases

LecturePLUS Timberlake 15

Location of Some Groups

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

Al mk ea tl ai l s

Alkaline

Halogens

I Gn ae sr et s

LecturePLUS Timberlake 16

Periods on the Periodic Table

Horizontal rows from Period 1 to Period 7.

Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….

Include representative elements and transition

elements

LecturePLUS Timberlake 17

Periods on the Periodic Table

1

2

3

4

5

6

LecturePLUS Timberlake 18

Learning Check

A. Element in Group 17, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Element in Group 2, Period 3

1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron

LecturePLUS Timberlake 19

Solution

A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br

B. Element in Group 2, Period 3

2) magnesium

LecturePLUS Timberlake 20

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

NONMETALS

METALS

METALLOIDS

Transition metals

LecturePLUS Timberlake 21

Metals and Nonmetals

Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Ductile, malleableGood conductors of heat and electricity

NonmetalsLocated to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators

LecturePLUS Timberlake 22

Located along both sides of the “staircase” Means metal-likeSolids that can be shiny or dullConduct heat and electricity better than

nonmetals but not as well as metalsArsenic, antimony, germanium, tellurium,

polonium, silicon and boron

Metalloids

LecturePLUS Timberlake 23

Learning Check

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur ____

B. chlorine ____

C. sodium ____

D. iron ____

E. carbon ____

F. silver ____

LecturePLUS Timberlake 24

Solution

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur 2

B. chlorine 2

C. sodium 1

D. iron 1

E. carbon 2

F. silver 1

LecturePLUS Timberlake 25

Circular Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 26

3-D Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 27

Spiral Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 28

Zig-Zag Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 29

Pyramidal Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 30

Triangular Periodic Table

LecturePLUS Timberlake 31

Learning Check

Select the correct elements:

A. Metals in Group 141) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group 151) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb

LecturePLUS Timberlake 32

Solution

A. Metals in Group 14 1) Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 152) N, P

Alkali Metals

• Highly Reactive

• Form Positive Ions (1+)• Combine (form compounds) with Halogens

in Group 17 (because the Halogens form Negative Ions 1-)

• Soft, Shiny

LecturePLUS Timberlake 33

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Very Reactive (but not as much as the Alkali metals)

• Form Positive Ions (2+)• Combine with Group 16 (because they form

Negative Ions 2-)

• Fairly hard, gray-white

• Good Conductors

LecturePLUS Timberlake 34

Transition Metals

• Hard and Shiny

• Good Conductors

• Form Colorful Compounds

• Less reactive than Groups 1 and 2

• Familiar metals like Iron, Copper, Nickel, Silver, Gold

LecturePLUS Timberlake 35

Other Metals

• Least Reactive metals

• Still good conductors

LecturePLUS Timberlake 36

True or False

• A malleable material can be pounded into shapes.True• Most metals react with atoms of other elements by

losing electrons.True• The reactivity of metals tends to increase from left to

right across the periodic table.False• Elements heavier than Uranium are not found in nature.True