11.3- biomes - ms. smithmssmithbiology.weebly.com/.../11.3-_biomes.pdf · marine biomes biomes in...

11.3- Biomes

Introduction- BiomesBiomes are a way to divide the Earth’s surface.

A biome will have the same biotic and abiotic factors.

Some examples of biomes include:

● Desert● Tropical rainforest● Tundra

Terrestrial Biomes and ClimateTerrestrial biomes are biomes on land.

Climate is the average weather in an area. (This includes temperature and precipitation.)

Climate and Plant GrowthPlants need:

● Air● Warmth● Sunlight ● Water● Nutrients

The growing season is when the climate is perfect for plants to grow (they have the correct amount of materials that they need). Depending on the biome, the growing season will last all year, or just a few months.

Climate and AdaptationsPlants and animals have evolved adaptations to survive in specific biomes.

For example, some plants and animals will become dormant during the coldest months so they slow down their cellular activities.

Survey of Terrestrial Biomes

8 Major Terrestrial Biomes:Terrestrial Biomes:

1. Tropical Rainforest2. Tropical Savanna3. Desert4. Temperate Grassland5. Temperate Woodland & Shrubland6. Temperate Deciduous Forest7. Taiga (Boreal Forest)8. Tundra

Aquatic BiomesBiomes in water.

These biomes don’t usually have to deal with extreme temperatures. Instead, they need light and dissolved oxygen and nutrients.

Examples of aquatic biomes include:

● Marine● Freshwater● Wetlands

Aquatic Biomes and SunlightWater can be divided into zones:

1. Photic Zone: sunlight reaches this layer and plants can undergo photosynthesis.a. Light reaches about 200 meters

2. Aphotic Zone: no light reaches here so photosynthesis does not occur. Instead, food can be made by chemosynthesis.a. In water deeper than 200 meters

Photic Zone

Aphotic Zone

Aquatic Organisms ● Plankton- there are two main types:

○ Phytoplankton- bacteria and algae use the sunlight to make food○ Zooplankton- tiny animals

Phytoplankton Zooplankton

Aquatic Organisms● Nekton- can swim through the water

○ Includes fish and shrimp

Aquatic Organisms● Benthos- live at the bottom of a body of water

○ Includes sponges, clams, and anglerfish

Marine BiomesBiomes in the ocean are marine biomes. These plants and animals live in salt water.

● Animals have to adapt in order to survive in these conditions

Barnacles attach to ships or other animalsTubeworms live where there’s no light

Freshwater BiomesIncludes ponds and lakes where the water is not salty.

Rivers and streams are considered running water.

Wetlands“Saturated” (soaked with) water or covered by water for at least one season of the year.

Wetlands are unique and important because they can store extra flood water, keep nutrients from runoff, and have a variety of animals.

Biomes: Video links

Biomes Our Earth’s Major Life Zones (fixed, 25:47 vid)

https://youtu.be/iIQS8kb1wg4