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Chinese Proverb
“Tell me, I forget. Show me, I remember”
ENGAGING FARMERS THROUGH
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH -FARMER
INNOVATIONS ON THE USE OF
PREDATORY ANTS FOR PEST
MANAGEMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Sim.A.Sar, Christine King, Elske van de Fliert, Redley Opasa, Michael Atoai, Anna Appa &Triya Papaya
Outline
� Introduction� Research Problem and objectives� Methodology � Results and discussion� Conclusion� References
Fig. 1: Research sites
Fig. 2: A highlands community
Fig. 3: Intensive sweet potato cultivation
How has R&D responded to
complexity?
� Top down approach� Conventional R&D systems with limited impact� We want to explore other options,� The way to do this is Social Learning (SL)� Limited research in SL in PNG
Personal reflections
� Participatory research is poorly defined and articulated
� Current research paradigm led to Q’s� Do I and/or institution understand participatory
research & can it be mainstreamed?
Research Objectives
� To understand how learning processes affect farmers’ ability to assess and integrate innovations into farming practices
� To identify and analyse strategies in facilitating learning between farmers, research & extension agencies on pest
� To develop a framework to facilitate learning across disciplinary, institutional and cultural boundaries
Fig. 4: Collective identification of constraints and
opportunities
• Resistant cultivars• Fungicides• Successful natural enemies
• Fungicides• Resistant cultivars• Live with the
problem• Insecticide/Bio-
control• Live with the
problem
• Fungicides• Live with the
problem• Insecticide/Bio-
control• Live with the
problem
• Coffee rust• Green scale
3.Coffee
• Insecticides/biopesticides• Improved NARI taro lines• Predatory ant
• Makum system-predatory ants (Kainantu)
• Insecticides (Kainantu)
• Fallow/Crop rotation• None & Live with
the problem• Pest avoidance
• Makum system-predatory ants
• Fallow/Crop rotation• Pest avoidance• None & live with the
problem
• Taro beetle2.Taro
• Integrated crop management• Pheromone• Biotechnology(PT)• Insecticides• Predatory ant• Agri-chemicals• Improved NARI sweetpotato lines
• None & live with the problem
• Pest avoidance• Varietal tolerance• Predatory ants
(Metiufa)• Fallow/crop rotation
• None & live with the problem
• Pest avoidance• Varietal tolerance• Fallow/crop rotation• Was not a problem
• Sweetpotato weevil
• Poor yield
1.Sweetpotato
Technology optionsCurrentlyIn the past
Solution's)Constraint's)Enterprise
Fig. 5: Farmer innovation on s/potato & ant association
Fig. 6: The ‘Makum' system-farmer innovation of taro
cultivation on ant hill
Complex challenges
� Conflicting interests� Dual role of ants� Risks to predatory ants� Systems approach to understand linkages and
develop interventions
LESSIONS AND WAY FORWARD
� Recognition & embracing other knowledge systems to develop pro-poor technologies
� Shift in research paradigms� Mainstream farmer innovations
References
� Castineiras,A., S.Caballero,G.Rego & M.Gonzalez (1982). Efectivided tecnico econmica de empeode la hormiga Leona, Pheidole megacephala, en el control del tetuan del boniata, Cylas formicarius elegantulus, Cienc.tec.Agric., Prot.Plantes, Supl.5:103-109.
� Röling and Wagemakers, 1998 In: N. Röling and A. Wagemakers, Editors, Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture. Participatory Learning and Adaptive Management in Times of Environmental Uncertainty, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998).
� Van de Fliert, E. and Braun, A.R. 2002. Conceptualizing integrative, farmer participatory research for sustainable agriculture: From opportunities and impact. Agriculture and Human Values, 19, 25-38.
� Wilson, E.O (1958). Patchy distribution of ant species in New Guinea rain forests. PSYCHE, Vol 65 March, 1958 N0.1.26-38
The outcome
� Improved livelihood and sustainability in PNG communities
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