10 great myths of global civil society the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project 1....
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10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;
COMMON FEATURESCOMMON FEATURESOrganizations
Private
Non-Profit-Distributing
Self-Governing
Voluntary
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Museums
Hospitals
TradeAssociations
Universities
EnvironmentalGroups Clinics
Human Rights Organizations
ProfessionalOrganizations
SportsClubs
Day CareCenters
Foundations
Personal Social Services
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;
2. The civil society sector is a marginal actor economically;
FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCEFORCE
36 Countries
$1.33 trillion in operating expenditures 45.5 million FTE jobs
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
7.5% of non-agricultural employment
4.4% of economically active population
46% of public sector employment
IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY….WERE A COUNTRY….
Country GDP (trillion $)U.S. $7.2Japan 5.1China 2.8Germany 2.2U.K. 1.4France 1.3
Italy 1.1
CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOREXPENDITURES (35 Countries)
1.3
Brazil 0.7Russia 0.7Spain 0.6Canada 0.5
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Civil Society Organization Civil Society Organization Employment in ContextEmployment in Context
36 Countries36 Countries
6
Utilities
39.3
Trans-portation
44.3
Cons-truction
0.05.0
10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0
Mil
lion
s of
Em
plo
yees
Volunteers
Paid staff
25.5
20
Civil Society Orgs.
45.5
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMSVS. LARGEST FIRMS
(35 COUNTRIES)(35 COUNTRIES)
Largest Private Companies
3.4 million
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Civil Society Organizations
22.7 million
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
3. Civil society organizations are chiefly an American phenomenon and are not present in the welfare states of Europe, where reliance on government is greater.
4. There is no civil society sector for all intents and purposes in the Scandinavian countries, where the welfare state is most fully developed;
CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRYECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Volunteers
Paid Staff
4.4%All countries* 2.7% 1.6%1.6%
Netherlands 9.2% 5.1%5.1% 14.4%
Austria 4.9%
Japan
3.8% 1.1%1.1%
Spain4.8%
4.3%
4.2%3.8%
3.4%
Argentina
South AfricaItaly
2.9%
2.8%3.2%
2.3%1.8%
1.9%1.9%
1.5%1.5%
1.0%1.0%1.5%1.5%
1.6%1.6%
U.K.
10.9%
9.8%8.5%8.0%
7.6%7.2%7.1%
Israel
IrelandBelgium
FranceNorwaySweden
U.S.
8.6%
8.3%6.3%
4.8%6.6%
3.7%2.7%
1.7%
2.3%2.3%2.1%2.1%
3.5%3.5%3.6%3.6%
1.4%1.4%3.7%3.7%
4.4%4.4%5.1%5.1%
10.4%
Australia 6.3%
5.3%FinlandGermany
4.4%3.5%
2.4%
1.9%1.9%
2.3%2.3%2.8%2.8%
5.9%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Paid Staff
Volunteers
All countries* 2.7% 1.6%1.6% 4.4%
CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRYACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
India 0.6% 0.8% 1.4%
1.4% 0.2%0.2% 1.6%Brazil
0.6% 0.2%0.2% 0.8%Poland
0.7% 1.2%1.2% 1.9%Philippines1.3% 0.7%0.7% 2.0%Czech Republic
1.0% 0.8%0.8% 1.5%Morocco
Pakistan 0.6% 0.4%0.4% 1.0%0.9% 0.2%0.2% 1.1%Hungary
0.6% 0.2%0.2% 0.8%Slovakia
0.3% 0.1%0.1% 0.4%Mexico0.4% 0.4%0.4% 0.8%Romania
Peru 2.5%1.5% 0.9%0.9%2.4%South Korea 1.9% 0.6%0.6%
Colombia 1.8% 0.6%0.6% 2.4%2.3%Uganda .9% 1.3%1.3%
0.5% 1.5%1.5% 2.1%TanzaniaKenya 1.3% 0.8%0.8% 2.1%
Egypt 2.7% 2.8%.01%.01%
GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX:GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX:COUNTRY SCORESCOUNTRY SCORES
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Capacity7955765866657064515648475448454438
Sustainability5482545660454245464642453735323734
Impact8959546750605052494450473036383035
Total7465616058575454494947464040393736
CountryNetherlandsNorwayUnited StatesSwedenUnited KingdomBelgiumIsraelIrelandAustraliaFranceFinlandGermanySpainArgentinaTanzaniaUgandaJapan
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;
Paid Workers
56%
Volunteers44%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES36 COUNTRIES
n=65.5 million(including religion)
VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSOVOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSOWORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTERWORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER
Developed 39%
Developing 37%
All countries 38%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
% of CSO Workforce
Africa 54%
Nordic 64%
Latin America 30%
Welfare Partnership 32%
Asian Industrialized 24%
Central Europe 32%
Anglo-Saxon 37%
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;
6. Paid staff drive out reliance on volunteers.
Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer StaffCivil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
25%
53%
14%
8%
Paid Staff
VolunteersPercent of Countries
Above Average 61%
Below Average 39%
Total 67% 33% 100%
TotalBelow
AverageAbove
Average
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;
ROLES AND FUNCTIONSROLES AND FUNCTIONS
The Service RoleThe Advocacy RoleThe Expressive RoleThe Community-Building RoleThe Value Guardian Role
The State of Nonprofit America
Johns Hopkins University
Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)
DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTIONWORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION
Service64%
Education23%
Social Services19%
Health14%
Development8%
Expressive32%
Culture19%
Misc. Advocacy13%Other 4%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
SHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONWORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS, WORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS,
(INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT)(INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT)
Developed 37%
Developing 44%
All countries 41%
Africa 51%
Nordic 67%
Central Europe 55%
Anglo-Saxon 36%
Latin America 33%
Welfare Partnership 29%
Asian Industrialized 16%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
% of CSO Workforce
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;
Fees53%Government
35%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Philanthropy12%
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;
9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.
Fees, Charges Public Sector PhilanthropyAll Countries 53% 35% 12%FEE DOMINANT
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONREVENUE, BY COUNTRYREVENUE, BY COUNTRY
Spain
Japan
Hungary
U.S.
Czech Rep.
Pakistan
Tanzania
Slovakia
FinlandNorwayPoland
ItalySweden
AustraliaPeru
ColombiaS. Korea
ArgentinaBrazilKenyaMexico
Philippines
40% 0% 20% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
81%
55%
70%
60%
57%
53%
51%
74% 73%
70%
62%61%
58%58%
55%
49%47%
52%
63%
71%
85% 92%
27%
22% 23%
32% 19%
20%
31% 13% 36% 6%
24% 4%
35% 7%
29% 9%
24% 15%
15% 15%
39% 14%
11%15%14%5%
43%6%45% 3%
27% 18%
37% 3%
31% 6%
18% 12%
19% 7%
9% 6%5% 3%
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
12%Fees, Charges Public Sector Philanthropy
All Countries 53% 35%
Government Dominant
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRYREVENUE, BY COUNTRY
60%40% 0% 20% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
IrelandBelgium
GermanyIsrael
NetherlandsFranceAustria
U.K.Romania
South Africa 45%
50%
59%
64%
47%
58%
64%
77%
77%
44%
39%
32%
16%
29%
45%
35%
26%
43%
19%
32%
9%
26%
10%
8%
6%
3%
7%
2%
5%
24%
% may not add up to 100% due to rounding
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in delivering services;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;
9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.
10. The civil society sector is growing at a slower rate than the private business sector.
8.1%Total
Employment
GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95
(8 COUNTRIES)(8 COUNTRIES)
Civil Society Employment
24.4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
% Change in Employment
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
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