10 great myths of global civil society the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project 1....

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project

1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;

COMMON FEATURESCOMMON FEATURESOrganizations

Private

Non-Profit-Distributing

Self-Governing

Voluntary


Museums

Hospitals

TradeAssociations

Universities

EnvironmentalGroups Clinics

Human Rights Organizations

ProfessionalOrganizations

SportsClubs

Day CareCenters

Foundations

Personal Social Services




1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;

2. The civil society sector is a marginal actor economically;

FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCEFORCE

36 Countries

$1.33 trillion in operating expenditures 45.5 million FTE jobs


7.5% of non-agricultural employment

4.4% of economically active population

46% of public sector employment

IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY….WERE A COUNTRY….

Country GDP (trillion $)U.S. $7.2Japan 5.1China 2.8Germany 2.2U.K. 1.4France 1.3

Italy 1.1

CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOREXPENDITURES (35 Countries)

1.3

Brazil 0.7Russia 0.7Spain 0.6Canada 0.5


Civil Society Organization Civil Society Organization Employment in ContextEmployment in Context

36 Countries36 Countries

6

Utilities

39.3

Trans-portation

44.3

Cons-truction

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

Mil

lion

s of

Em

plo

yees

Volunteers

Paid staff

25.5

20

Civil Society Orgs.

45.5


EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMSVS. LARGEST FIRMS

(35 COUNTRIES)(35 COUNTRIES)

Largest Private Companies

3.4 million


Civil Society Organizations

22.7 million



3. Civil society organizations are chiefly an American phenomenon and are not present in the welfare states of Europe, where reliance on government is greater.

4. There is no civil society sector for all intents and purposes in the Scandinavian countries, where the welfare state is most fully developed;

CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRYECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%

Volunteers

Paid Staff

4.4%All countries* 2.7% 1.6%1.6%

Netherlands 9.2% 5.1%5.1% 14.4%

Austria 4.9%

Japan

3.8% 1.1%1.1%

Spain4.8%

4.3%

4.2%3.8%

3.4%

Argentina

South AfricaItaly

2.9%

2.8%3.2%

2.3%1.8%

1.9%1.9%

1.5%1.5%

1.0%1.0%1.5%1.5%

1.6%1.6%

U.K.

10.9%

9.8%8.5%8.0%

7.6%7.2%7.1%

Israel

IrelandBelgium

FranceNorwaySweden

U.S.

8.6%

8.3%6.3%

4.8%6.6%

3.7%2.7%

1.7%

2.3%2.3%2.1%2.1%

3.5%3.5%3.6%3.6%

1.4%1.4%3.7%3.7%

4.4%4.4%5.1%5.1%

10.4%

Australia 6.3%

5.3%FinlandGermany

4.4%3.5%

2.4%

1.9%1.9%

2.3%2.3%2.8%2.8%

5.9%


0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%

Paid Staff

Volunteers

All countries* 2.7% 1.6%1.6% 4.4%

CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRYACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY


India 0.6% 0.8% 1.4%

1.4% 0.2%0.2% 1.6%Brazil

0.6% 0.2%0.2% 0.8%Poland

0.7% 1.2%1.2% 1.9%Philippines1.3% 0.7%0.7% 2.0%Czech Republic

1.0% 0.8%0.8% 1.5%Morocco

Pakistan 0.6% 0.4%0.4% 1.0%0.9% 0.2%0.2% 1.1%Hungary

0.6% 0.2%0.2% 0.8%Slovakia

0.3% 0.1%0.1% 0.4%Mexico0.4% 0.4%0.4% 0.8%Romania

Peru 2.5%1.5% 0.9%0.9%2.4%South Korea 1.9% 0.6%0.6%

Colombia 1.8% 0.6%0.6% 2.4%2.3%Uganda .9% 1.3%1.3%

0.5% 1.5%1.5% 2.1%TanzaniaKenya 1.3% 0.8%0.8% 2.1%

Egypt 2.7% 2.8%.01%.01%

GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX:GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX:COUNTRY SCORESCOUNTRY SCORES


Capacity7955765866657064515648475448454438

Sustainability5482545660454245464642453735323734

Impact8959546750605052494450473036383035

Total7465616058575454494947464040393736

CountryNetherlandsNorwayUnited StatesSwedenUnited KingdomBelgiumIsraelIrelandAustraliaFranceFinlandGermanySpainArgentinaTanzaniaUgandaJapan



5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;

Paid Workers

56%

Volunteers44%


CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES36 COUNTRIES

n=65.5 million(including religion)

VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSOVOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSOWORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTERWORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER

Developed 39%

Developing 37%

All countries 38%


0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

% of CSO Workforce

Africa 54%

Nordic 64%

Latin America 30%

Welfare Partnership 32%

Asian Industrialized 24%

Central Europe 32%

Anglo-Saxon 37%



5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;

6. Paid staff drive out reliance on volunteers.

Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer StaffCivil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff


25%

53%

14%

8%

Paid Staff

VolunteersPercent of Countries

Above Average 61%

Below Average 39%

Total 67% 33% 100%

TotalBelow

AverageAbove

Average



7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;

ROLES AND FUNCTIONSROLES AND FUNCTIONS

The Service RoleThe Advocacy RoleThe Expressive RoleThe Community-Building RoleThe Value Guardian Role

The State of Nonprofit America

Johns Hopkins University

Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)

DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTIONWORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION

Service64%

Education23%

Social Services19%

Health14%

Development8%

Expressive32%

Culture19%

Misc. Advocacy13%Other 4%


SHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONWORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS, WORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS,

(INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT)(INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT)

Developed 37%

Developing 44%

All countries 41%

Africa 51%

Nordic 67%

Central Europe 55%

Anglo-Saxon 36%

Latin America 33%

Welfare Partnership 29%

Asian Industrialized 16%


0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

% of CSO Workforce




8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;

Fees53%Government

35%


Philanthropy12%

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)





9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.

Fees, Charges Public Sector PhilanthropyAll Countries 53% 35% 12%FEE DOMINANT

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONREVENUE, BY COUNTRYREVENUE, BY COUNTRY

Spain

Japan

Hungary

U.S.

Czech Rep.

Pakistan

Tanzania

Slovakia

FinlandNorwayPoland

ItalySweden

AustraliaPeru

ColombiaS. Korea

ArgentinaBrazilKenyaMexico

Philippines

40% 0% 20% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

81%

55%

70%

60%

57%

53%

51%

74% 73%

70%

62%61%

58%58%

55%

49%47%

52%

63%

71%

85% 92%

27%

22% 23%

32% 19%

20%

31% 13% 36% 6%

24% 4%

35% 7%

29% 9%

24% 15%

15% 15%

39% 14%

11%15%14%5%

43%6%45% 3%

27% 18%

37% 3%

31% 6%

18% 12%

19% 7%

9% 6%5% 3%


12%Fees, Charges Public Sector Philanthropy

All Countries 53% 35%

Government Dominant

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRYREVENUE, BY COUNTRY

60%40% 0% 20% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

IrelandBelgium

GermanyIsrael

NetherlandsFranceAustria

U.K.Romania

South Africa 45%

50%

59%

64%

47%

58%

64%

77%

77%

44%

39%

32%

16%

29%

45%

35%

26%

43%

19%

32%

9%

26%

10%

8%

6%

3%

7%

2%

5%

24%

% may not add up to 100% due to rounding




7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in delivering services;


9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.

10. The civil society sector is growing at a slower rate than the private business sector.

8.1%Total

Employment

GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95

(8 COUNTRIES)(8 COUNTRIES)

Civil Society Employment

24.4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

% Change in Employment


10 great myths of global civil society the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project 1....

Documents

civil society workforce

civil society orgs

global civil society

public sector employment

developed slide

ngos slide

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scandinavian countries