10 geodata analysis
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Geodata analysis
Riccardo De Filippi
defilippi@fbk.eu
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AnalysisPurpose & Methods
Queries and reasoning
Measurements
Transformation
Data mining
Descriptive summaries
Optimization
Hypothesis testing
Vector
analysis
Raster
analysis
Combined
analysis
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Operations in vector
What is?
What is its relation to otherentities?
Where is it?
Attribute
Spatial topology
Distance/location
Feature analysis
Select
Create
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What is it: Attribute operators
Logical operations attributes of one or more entities
individual entities
Mathematical operations new attribute
math calculation
Statistical analysis descriptive stat
stat software
Numerical models complex sets of mathematical functions that represent physical process
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Spatial operators
Relational operators:- Testing spatial relationships between geometries
- Result is a boolean value, no new geometries are created
Topological operators:- Support for editing geographic features
- Result is a new geometry based on a logical comparison between
geometries
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Vector analysis: Relational operators
Relational operators: Equals
Contains
Within Crosses
Overlaps
Touches
Disjoint
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Vector analysis: Relational operators(3)
Contains Within
Zeiler (1999)
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Vector analysis: Topological operators
Topological operators: Buffer
Clip
Convex hull
Cut
Difference
Intersect
Symmetric Difference
Union
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Zeiler (1999)
Buffer Clip
Topological operators (1)
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Zeiler (1999)
Difference Intersect
Topological operators (3)
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Interaction
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Cell processing
Every cell of the raster is processed
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Raster Map Analysis
Map query Boolean/logical operations:
And, Or, XOr, Not, >, >=, =, ,
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Raster Functions
Trigonometric sin, cos, tan, ...
Exponential ax, ex
Logarithmic log, ln, lg, ld
Relational >,
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Raster functions: Spatial
application
Zeiler (1999)
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Local functions
McCoy et al. (2002)
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Local function : application case
2003 2004 2005
rain
Local mean or minimum
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Focal functionsMcCoy et al. (2002)
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Focal function: application case
5 6 31
1 3 3.4
6 1.5 3
Burrough (1998)
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Zonal functions
Quelle: ArcGIS 9.0 Desktop Help
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Global functions
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Application function 1First and higher derivatives
- slope- aspect- plan curvature
- profile curvature
Quelle: ArcGIS 9.0 Desktop Help
DTMslope aspect
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Application function 2
Viewsheds, shaded relief, irradiance
Zeiler (1999)
DTM hillshade
combin
ed
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Application function 3
Dilation, spreading, dispersion - fire spreading
- oil dilation and translocation
- soil solute dispersion frompoint source
Zeiler (1999)
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Application function 4
Spatial transformation - translocation
- scaling, distension, stretching
- rotation
- distortion
Zeiler (1999)
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Raster analysis: application 5
Surface topology, drainage network, sun- Slope, Aspect- Hydrology- Sun radiation.
DTM
flow accumulation
watershed & subwatersheds
Sources: Weisshaidinger; Hebel
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Application function 6
Proximity - Euclidian distance - Travel time
Zeiler (1999)
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Application function 7
Least-cost path analysis
Zeiler (1999)
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Raster Operator
Arithmetic
[Inlayer1] + [Inlayer2] / 2
BooleanWhere 0 in layer1 and layer2
RelationalInlayer < 3
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Process diagram (flowchart) Input data
Process
Intermediate data
Output data
Line Line Selection
SelectData processing
Input Intermediate
ProcessData processing
Output
Process
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Process diagramms
SummarizeTable.dbf
Summar
ize
Answer 5 statistics on 3 road classes
Answer 3, 4, 5 Shortest, Longest, Sum of rivers?
1_Klass 2_Klass 3_KlassBach Layer
Select & Statistic
Updated length R & R
Update line length: quality check! not recalculated
Geocorrected area RoadsRivers
Test Area xy
Modify feature
Answer 2 How many line features are within test ?Clipped Roads and Rivers
Clip
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Practice
QuantumGIS visualization, map editing
Grass data processing engine, data editing
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References Burrough, P.A., and R.A. McDonnell, 1998. Pronciples of Geographical
Information Systems. Oxford: University Press.
Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.
Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.
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References Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons.
SNV, 1998. SN 612030: Vermessung und Geoinformation INTERLIS
Modellierungssprache und Datentransfermethode. Winterthur, CH:
Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung.
Swisstopo, 2005. Bundesamt fr Landestopographie. Bern, CH: Swisstopo.
Avaliable at: www.swisstopo.ch. Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.
Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.
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References Department of Geography, 2005. Geographic Information Technology Training
Alliance (GITTA). Zurich, CH: University of Zurich. Avaliable at: www.gitta.info.
Burrough, P.A., and R.A. McDonnell, 1998. Pronciples of Geographical
Information Systems. Oxford: University Press.
Fischer, M., and P. Nijkamp, 1993. Geographic Information Systems, Spatial
Modelling and Policy Evaluation. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, and D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Tomlinson, R., 2003. Thinking about GIS: Geographic Information System
Planning for Managers. Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.
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ReferencesMcCoy, J., K. Johnston, S. Kopp, B. Borup, J. Willison, B. Payne,
2002. Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, - GIS by ESRI. Redlangs,Ca: ESRI Press.
Swisstopo, 2005. Bundesamt fr Landestopographie. Bern, CH:Swisstopo. Avaliable at: www.swisstopo.ch.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to
Geodatabase Design. Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.
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