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1
Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
E-mail: klanova@recetox.muni.cz
Assessment of the Central European trends in the background levels of persistent organic pollutants
based on the results of the long-term integrated monitoring in Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic, 1988-2008
Jana Klánová, Ivan Holoubek, Jiří Jarkovský, Pavel Čupr, Jana Borůvková, Alice Dvorská, Gerhard Lammel, Jiří Komprda, Klára Kubošová
2
POP monitoring EMEP network, 2000
3
PAHs in the ambient air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2008PAHs in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008
Weekly Sampling
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
3.1.
1996
3.7.
1996
1.1.
1997
2.7.
1997
31.1
2.19
97
1.7.
1998
30.1
2.19
98
30.6
.199
9
29.1
2.19
99
28.6
.200
0
27.1
2.20
00
27.6
.200
1
26.1
2.20
01
26.6
.02
25.1
2.02
25.6
.03
24.1
2.03
23.6
.04
22.1
2.04
22.6
.05
21.1
2.05
21.6
.06
20.1
2.06
20.6
.07
19.1
2.07
18.6
.08
19.1
2.08
Sampling Date
PA
Hs
[ng
.m-3
]
Σ PAHs (Aerosol)
Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory,
Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)
4
DDTs in the ambient air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2008p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008
Weekly Sampling
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
3.1.19
96
3.7.19
96
1.1.19
97
2.7.19
97
31.12
.1997
1.7.19
98
30.12
.1998
30.6.
1999
29.12
.1999
28.6.
2000
27.12
.2000
27.6.
2001
26.12
.2001
26.6.
2002
25.12
.2002
25.6.
03
24.12
.03
23.6.
04
22.12
.04
22.6.
05
21.12
.05
21.6.
06
20.12
.06
20.6.
07
19.12
.07
18.6.
08
19.12
.08
Sampling Date
[ng.m
-3]
p,p'-DDT (Aerosol)
p,p'-DDD (Aerosol)
p,p'-DDE (Aerosol)
p,p'-DDT (Gas Phase)
p,p'-DDD (Gas Phase)
p,p'-DDE (Gas Phase)
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory,
Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)
5
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Janu
ary
1996
July
199
6Ja
nuar
y 19
97Ju
ly 1
997
Janu
ary
1998
July
199
8Ja
nuar
y 19
99Ju
ly 1
999
Janu
ary
2000
July
200
0Ja
nuar
y 20
01Ju
ly 2
001
Janu
ary
2002
July
200
2Ja
nuar
y 20
03Ju
ly 2
003
Janu
ary
2004
July
200
4Ja
nuar
y 20
05Ju
ly 2
005
ng L-1
Σ PAHs
PAHs in rain (monthly means), Kosetice, 1996-08
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory,
Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)
6
Time related trends of POPs in the air, gas and particle phase.
PAHs HCBPCBs
HCHs DDTs
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
ng/m3
ng/m3
ng/m3
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)
7
Map of the sampling sites
8
Spatial and temporal variations of PCB concentrations in needles and moss, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
2008
3.053.07
3.083.09
3.133.15
3.163.13 PM
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
PC
Bs
[n
g/g
]
Year
Locality
Sum of PCBs in Mosses from Košetice 1996-2008
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
2008
3.05
3.07
/ 3.1
6
3.08
Spr
uce
3.09 3.13
3.05
Litt
er
3.09
Litt
er
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
PC
Bs
[ng
/g]
Year
Locality
Sum of PCBs in Needles from Košetice 1996-2008
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kubík, V., Helešic, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part II. Aquatic and terrestric environments 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 564 – 571 (2007)
9
Spatial and temporal variations of PCB concentrations in soil and sediment, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
2008
3.02 3.04 3.06 3.10 3.12a 3.12b 3.14
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
PC
Bs
[ng
/g]
Year
Locality
Sum of PCBs in Sediments from Košetice 1996-2008
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062006
2006
3.01 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.11 3.13 3.15 3.15Grit
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
PC
Bs
[ng
/g]
Year
Locality
Sum of PCBs in Soils from Košetice 1996-2008
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kubík, V., Helešic, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part II. Aquatic and terrestric environments 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 564 – 571 (2007)
10
0,13
0,11
-0,1
5
-0,3
1
-0,3
5
-0,5
8
-0,6
4
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
soil
sedim
ent
air (
PUF+QUARTZ)
need
les
mos
s
water ra
in
Time related trends
PAHs
HCB
PCBs
DDTs
HCHs
-0,2
6
-0,3
3
-0,5
1
-0,5
4
-0,5
6
-0,6
1-0
,62
-0,7
5
-0,8
1-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
sedim
ent
air (
QUARTZ)
air (
PUF+QUARTZ)
air (
PUF)so
il
water
mos
s
needl
es rain
-0,4
7
-0,6
2-0
,63
-0,6
7
-0,8
3
-0,8
5
-0,8
8-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
rain
sedim
ent
soil
water
mos
s
needl
es
air (
PUF+QUARTZ)
0,17
0,17
-0,1
2
-0,3
7-0
,38
-0,3
9
-0,5
7
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
sedim
ent
mos
s
air (
PUF+QUARTZ)
soil
rain
need
les
water
-0,0
7-0
,08
-0,2
8-0
,29
-0,3
8
-0,5
2
-0,8
3-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
need
les
sedim
ent
mos
s
air (
PUF+QUARTZ)
rain
soil
water
Tim
e t
ren
d c
orr
ela
tion
Incr
easi
ngD
ecre
asin
g
Statistically significant trend
trends range from 1 (decreasing trend) to 1 (increasing trend)
Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kubík, V., Helešic, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part II. Aquatic and terrestric environments 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 564 – 571 (2007)
11
Passive Air Samplers
• filter (polyurethane foam) – captures pollutants from the surrounding air
• sampler body – filter protecting chamber (wind, rainwater, solar radiation)
12
Seasonal variation of PAH concentrations in the ambient air, Košetice observatory, 2003-2006
PAS - PAHs
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Sampling period
ng fi
lter
-1
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(ah)anthracene
Indeno(123cd)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benz(a)anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
Acenapthene
Acenaphtylene
Naphthalene
13
Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ
Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Borůvková, J., Kohoutek, J., Kareš, R., Přibylová, P., Prokeš, R., Holoubek, I.: Application of passive sampler for monitoring of POPs in ambient air. IV. Model monitoring network in the Czech Republic (MONET_CZ 2007), 2008. Masaryk Univerzity, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4696-2
14
Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ, PAHs
15
Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ, DDTs
16
16 Backgroun
ds MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1)
MED.SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs < LOQ 19.1
5.9
4.8
1.6
HCHs < LOQ 56.9
17.4
16.6
2.1
DDTs < LOQ 491.6
15.0
6.7
4.4
HCB < LOQ 41.0
10.7
9.9
0.8
PAHs 253
41 482
2 823
1 324
701
Košetice MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1) SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs 1.2
8.4
4.3
4.1
0.4
HCHs 4.4
18.2
12.1
12.1
1.2
DDTs 2.5
13.0
7.7
8.9
3.5
HCB 5.0
15.9
11.8
11.6
1.0
PAHs 328
7 807
2 501
1 316
78
17
16 Backgroun
ds MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1)
MED.SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs < LOQ 19.1
5.9
4.8
1.6
HCHs < LOQ 56.9
17.4
16.6
2.1
DDTs < LOQ 491.6
15.0
6.7
4.4
HCB < LOQ 41.0
10.7
9.9
0.8
PAHs 253
41 482
2 823
1 324
701
Košetice MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1) SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs 1.2
8.4
4.3
4.1
0.4
HCHs 4.4
18.2
12.1
12.1
1.2
DDTs 2.5
13.0
7.7
8.9
3.5
HCB 5.0
15.9
11.8
11.6
1.0
PAHs 328
7 807
2 501
1 316
78
18
16 Backgroun
ds MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1)
MED.SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs < LOQ 19.1
5.9
4.8
1.6
HCHs < LOQ 56.9
17.4
16.6
2.1
DDTs < LOQ 491.6
15.0
6.7
4.4
HCB < LOQ 41.0
10.7
9.9
0.8
PAHs 253
41 482
2 823
1 324
701
Košetice MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1) SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs 1.2
8.4
4.3
4.1
0.4
HCHs 4.4
18.2
12.1
12.1
1.2
DDTs 2.5
13.0
7.7
8.9
3.5
HCB 5.0
15.9
11.8
11.6
1.0
PAHs 328
7 807
2 501
1 316
78
19
16 Backgroun
ds MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1)
MED.SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs < LOQ 19.1
5.9
4.8
1.6
HCHs < LOQ 56.9
17.4
16.6
2.1
DDTs < LOQ 491.6
15.0
6.7
4.4
HCB < LOQ 41.0
10.7
9.9
0.8
PAHs 253
41 482
2 823
1 324
701
Košetice MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1) SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs 1.2
8.4
4.3
4.1
0.4
HCHs 4.4
18.2
12.1
12.1
1.2
DDTs 2.5
13.0
7.7
8.9
3.5
HCB 5.0
15.9
11.8
11.6
1.0
PAHs 328
7 807
2 501
1 316
78
20
16 Backgroun
ds MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1)
MED.SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs < LOQ 19.1
5.9
4.8
1.6
HCHs < LOQ 56.9
17.4
16.6
2.1
DDTs < LOQ 491.6
15.0
6.7
4.4
HCB < LOQ 41.0
10.7
9.9
0.8
PAHs 253
41 482
2 823
1 324
701
Košetice MIN
(ng filter-1)MAX
(ng filter-1)MEAN
(ng filter-1)MED
(ng filter-1) SOIL
(ng g-1)
PCBs 1.2
8.4
4.3
4.1
0.4
HCHs 4.4
18.2
12.1
12.1
1.2
DDTs 2.5
13.0
7.7
8.9
3.5
HCB 5.0
15.9
11.8
11.6
1.0
PAHs 328
7 807
2 501
1 316
78
21
Stockholm Convention on POPs
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) into force May 2004; 160+ member countries so far 12 chemicals (+9 new chemicals)
22
Regional Structure for GMP
• WEOG• GRULAC• Asia/Pacific• Africa• CEE
23
Central and Eastern European Network 2006-2008
Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J.: Application of passive sampler for monitoring of POPs in ambient air. V. Pilot study for development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC 2007), 2008. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4697-9
24
Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Fiji
Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J, Dvorská, A,.Komprda, J.: Towards the global monitoring of POPs), 2009. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4853-9
25
2009 sampling sites
Bukasa Island,Uganda
Mt. Kenya,Kenya
IJRC-PTS, China
MONET (RECETOX, Czech Rep.)
Spain
Global Passive Air Sampling Programs
= new GAPS sites added in 2009
MONET (RECETOX, Czech Rep.)
26
GMP Report on the first phase of the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: Conclusions and Recommendations.
Long-range transport
• The coordination group concluded that knowledge on long-range transport was key to assessing changes in POPs levels over time and to assess the effectiveness of the Convention.
• A plan or process to develop a coordinated cross-regional approach to assess long-range transport is needed..• Long-range transport is also linked to variable climate and meteorology.
27
GMP Report on the first phase of the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: Conclusions and Recommendations.
Comparability issues
• To interpret POPs concentrations in air, it was required that programs would remain consistent in their methods over time and thus ensure that the data collected within a program remained comparable and thus suitable for assessing changes in levels over time.. • It was noted that it would be very difficult to achieve comparability between various programs due to many sources of variability including the use of different laboratories, different sampling methods or analytical protocols.
28
GMP Report on the first phase of the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: Conclusions and Recommendations.
New POPs
When the Conference of the Parties decides to add new substances to the Annexes of the Convention, it would be necessary to include those new POPs into the effectiveness evaluations and monitoring of those {new} POPs would have to be initiated as soon as possible so that effective baselines could be established.. The inclusion of additional POPs would be likely to require modification or amendments to the current guidelines for global monitoring and the implementation plan. Meeting such requirements would undoubtedly increase the cost of the monitoring programs.
29
Future of Global Air Monitoring” – Workshop Summary(TF HTAP Workshop)
March 31st, 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia. The timing of the workshop coincided well with the recently completed first implementation of the Global Monitoring Plan, a mechanism for the effectiveness evaluation (EE) of the SC. Expert opinion from this group on several issues that were agreed to be relevant to the future of global air monitoring was summarized. 1. Data comparability issues. 2. Particle-bound compounds. 3. New POPs. 4. LRT, climate variability and meteorological variability. 5. Existing and new air programs. 6. Data Availability.
30
Data comparability issues.
- within-program comparability is crucial for producing reliable temporal trends .
- intercomparison exercises and improving comparability between programs (overlaps)
- passive vs active air sampling (co-location of passive/active at one site in each region)
- selection of common/comparable reporting format
31
PAHs in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008Weekly Sampling
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
3.1.
1996
3.7.
1996
1.1.
1997
2.7.
1997
31.1
2.19
97
1.7.
1998
30.1
2.19
98
30.6
.199
9
29.1
2.19
99
28.6
.200
0
27.1
2.20
00
27.6
.200
1
26.1
2.20
01
26.6
.02
25.1
2.02
25.6
.03
24.1
2.03
23.6
.04
22.1
2.04
22.6
.05
21.1
2.05
21.6
.06
20.1
2.06
20.6
.07
19.1
2.07
18.6
.08
19.1
2.08
Sampling Date
PA
Hs
[ng
.m-3
]
Σ PAHs (Aerosol)
Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)
PAS - PAHs
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1.10
.03
24.1
2.03
17.3
.04
9.6.
047.
9.04
1.12
.04
23.2
.05
18.5
.05
10.8
.05
2.11
.05
25.1
.06
19.4
.06
12.7
.06
4.10
.06
27.1
2.07
21.3
.07
13.6
.07
5.9.
0728
.11.
076.
3.20
0828
.5.2
008
20.8
.200
812
.11.
2008
Sampling period
ng
filt
er
-1
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Dibenz(ah)anthracene
Indeno(123cd)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benz(a)anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
Acenapthene
Acenaphtylene
Naphthalene
Temporal variations of PAH concentrations in air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005
32
Particle-bound compounds
Difficulties exist in interpreting passive sampler data for chemicals that partition between gas and particles (e.g. high molecular weight components of: PAHs, PCDD/Fs, and BFRs). So far, the air monitoring of such chemicals requires active air sampling techniques. Although some groups have begun to investigate particle-phase sampling by PAS, this is an area that requires further study.
33
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
ACE FLN FEN FLU PYR BaA CHR BbF BkF BaP I_P BPE
SPRING
SUMMER
FALL
WINTER
Seasonal variability of the sampling rates (m3 day-1 ) for selected compounds in 5 years.
Klanova, J., Čupr, P., Kohoutek, J., Harner, T., 2008. Assessing the influence of meteorological parameters on the performance of polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers. ES&T 42, 550-555.
34
New POPs
It was recognized that in the near future new POPs maybe added to the existing POPs listed under the SC on POPs and CLRTAP POPs protocol. This will add to air monitoring obligations and challenges of existing programs.
35
Long range transport, climate variability and meteorological variability
Understanding data is more important than just reporting levels and trends, especially for the purpose of assessing effectiveness of regulatory efforts on POPs.
It is important to develop tools (e.g. back trajectory techniques, multimedia and transport models and investigations of meteorological and climate variability) to better interpret monitoring data.
36
HCB
HCB
Analysis of the back trajectories
Dvorska, A., Lammel, G., Klanova, J., Holoubek, I.:Košetice, Czech Republic – ten years of air pollution monitoring and four years of evaluating the origin of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Pollut. 156 (2) (2008) 403-408
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1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
1
2
3
4
5acenaphthylene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
1
2
3
4
5acenaphthene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
2
4
6
8 fluorene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
20
40
60
80
100
120phenanthrene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
50
100
150
200
250
300fluoranthene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
5
10
15dibenzo[ah]anthracene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
20
40
60
80
100
120
140benzo[a]pyrene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
20
40
60
80
100
120
140benzo[ghi]perylene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060
5
10
15 dibenzo[ah]anthracene
years
C s
oil
ng
g-1
Long term temporal trends of soil concentrations result of simulation and measured soil concentrations
Komprda, J., Kubošová, K., Dvorská, A., Scheringer, M., Klánová, J, and Holoubek, I.: Application of an unsteady state environmental distribution model to a decadal time series of PAH concentrations in the Central Europe. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2009 (doi: 10.1039/B815719G).
38
GIS based models (1x1 km) of various parameters
Wind velocity
Temperature
Grassing
Soil type
Concentration (soil)
Kobližková, M., Růžičková, P., Čupr, P., Komprda, J., Holoubek I., Klánová, J.: Soil burdens of persistent organic pollutants – their levels, fate and risks. Part IV. Quantification of volatilization fluxes of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated soil surfaces. Environmental Science & Technology. Accepted.
39
Existing and new air programs
To help ensure long term sustainability and comparability of results, it is recommended that new programs grow from strategic partnerships with existing programs, and benefit from their experiences. Training visits for the purpose of capacity building/technologytransfer are encouraged and should be supported.
40
Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Fiji
Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J, Dvorská, A,.Komprda, J.: Towards the global monitoring of POPs), 2009. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4853-9
41
Data Availability
The group agreed that better access to data would be useful for several purposes e.g. model development.Existing and new programs are strongly encouraged to incorporate data management in their programs, i.e. employ sustainable databases. Consideration should be given to the most suitable format and interface for end users of the data e.g. modelers.
42
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• Třetí úroveň– Čtvrtá úroveň
» Pátá úroveň
RECETOX & IBA MU 2009
42
GENESIS Global Environmental Assessment and Information System
Description of more than one site
Analytical tools
HelpHelpReportReport
Description of sites
Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection
Air PAHs Czech Republic 2000 - 2007
Geographical position
List of selected sitesList of selected sites
Number of sites: 35
Sampling networks - Monet: 35 / 386
Sites overview
Sites stratification
Number of samples: 386
Altitude
7,4%
43,4%
22,3%
11,6%5,6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
200 450 600 750 > 750
Altitude (m above sea level)
Selection settingsMultiple sites N=43
Description of sites set includes:
Number of sites and samplings and their affiliation to monitoring networks. Display of a table with sites list is also possible.
Range of samplings in individual years
Map with position (interactive map with options of zoom and turning on/off different layers)
Distribution of sites altitude
Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selectionFreshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active
SelectionN=35
Table with number of samples
http://genesis.recetox.muni.czhttp://genesis.recetox.muni.cz
43
43
GENESIS Global Environmental Assessment and Information System
Analysis of time series: one site
Analytical tools
Overall median
20 ng.m-3
Norm 80 ng.m-3
Descriptive statistics median (5-95%) : 20 (5 – 40) ng.m-3
inter-annual difference: 1 ng.m-3
HelpHelpReportReport
Time series analysis
PAH
s (n
g.m
-3 ; PU
F +
QU
ARTZ
), ln
(x+1
)
Date
Options
Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection
Air PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007
MapsMaps TablesTables
Selection settingsKošetice N=1
Add compound
Month aggregation
Year aggregation
Aggregation
Norms
Overall median
Reference values
Description of site time series Supplementary analyses
Adding another compound for comparison
Display of monthly or annual aggregated data
Display of reference values, either norms or total median of the compound
Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selectionFreshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active
SelectionN=1
http://genesis.recetox.muni.czhttp://genesis.recetox.muni.cz
N=580
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In response to the points raised in “Expert Advice on Future of Global Air Monitoring”,
RECETOX (Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology),the Stockholm Convention Regional Center for CEEC region presented it’s new activities:
1) A fact that the EMEP Central European background station in Kosetice has a history of 20 years of high volume measurements of POPs in ambient air, out of which passive air samplers from MONET and GAPS programs have been collocated for 5 and 4 years, respectively, makes it a good candidate for the “calibration station” of active and passive air sampling methods serving both programs. Continuous active sampling will be initiated at this station in addition to on-going high volume sampling performed weekly.
45
2) In addition to PCBs, HCB, DDT and metabolites as the SC target compounds, HCHs and pentachlorobenzene from the candidate list are already being monitored together with PAHs. Selection will be further extended in order to cover some of new POPs as brominated flame retardands.
3) Long-term data from this station comparing passive and active data will be exploited in order to provide preliminary estimation of the compound- and season-specific sampling rates of the particle-bound compounds.
4) MONET EUROPE, one-year PAS campaign has been initiated In 2009 connecting the CEEC and WEOG regions.
46
European PAS Network
47
5) GENESIS expert system developed in RECETOX as an advanced tool for the purpose of evaluation, interpretation and presentation of environmental monitoring data is currently being used for MONET. It has been offered to SSC as a joint database supporting interpretation of GMP data.
6) RECETOX as the nominated Regional Center for CEEC region extends it’s offer for the strategic partnership in the field of the air monitoring beyond the region to all parties that are currently not covered by other centers.
7) RECETOX Summer school of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology organized annually since 2005 will continue to offer one class focused on the practical training for environmental monitoring as a tool for the capacity building in regions developing the monitoring strategies.
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This initiative is in accordance with the new EMEP monitoring strategy for the period starting in 2010 as it addresses the issues as
- collaboration of the Parties and Conventions- long term monitoring of air and deposition, adequate spatial coverage, sufficient temporal resolution, collocated monitoring, standard methodologies, - affordable way of monitoring, harmonization with other initiatives, and avoiding duplicates.- extending the program over Mediterranean regions, Eastern Europe and Central Asia- regional cooperation and coordination of efforts in order to share and reduce costs.- facilitation of the access of research data for EMEP use.
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Acknowledgement
Ivan HoloubekPavel Čupr
Jana BorůvkováJiří KohoutekRoman ProkešIva PolákováEva Krejčí
Radovan KarešPetra PřibylováJiří JarkovskýAlice DvorskáJiří Komprda
Klára KubošováSupport: Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic
MSM 0021622412 INCHEMBIOL Ministry of Environment (SP/1a3/29/07 and SP 1b3/30/07)
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
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Thank you for you attention.
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