1 introduction to premises cabling system

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Introduction toIntroduction toPREMISES CABLING SYSTEMPREMISES CABLING SYSTEM

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Standards

TIA/EIATIA/EIA--569569AS 3084AS 3084 CSA T 530CSA T 530

EN50173EN50173 ISO/IEC 11801ISO/IEC 11801 CSA T 529CSA T 529TIA/EIATIA/EIA--568A568AAS/NZS 3080AS/NZS 3080

EIAEIATIATIA

CENELECCENELEC IECIEC CSACSAANSIANSIAS/NZSAS/NZS

ISOISO

TIA/EIATIA/EIA--606606AS/NZS 3085AS/NZS 3085 CSA T 529CSA T 529

TIA/EIATIA/EIA--607607 CSA T 528CSA T 528

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Benefits of Standards Compliance

• Assurance that cabling system will support standards-based applications

− Future network applications will most likely be developed based on infrastructure standards

• Simplify administration

− Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

• Accommodate future growth

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ISO/IEC-11801• Generic cabling for customer premises Standard

− Approved and released in 1995− The de-facto standard that all other organizations model their

standards after

• Purpose− To provide a world standard for the design, installation, and

administration of commercial building telecommunications systems.

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TIA/EIA-568A• Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling

Standard− EIA/TIA-568 - July 1991− TIA/EIA-568A - October 1995− EIA/TIA-568B - 2000

• Purpose− To enable the planning and installation of a structured cabling

system for commercial buildings...− ...specifying a generic telecommunications cabling system that

will support a multi-product, multi-vendor environment

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ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A Overview

Major sections include:• Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations• Horizontal and Backbone Cabling• Telecommunications Closets, Equipment Rooms,

Building Entrance Facilities• Unshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted Pair and

Optical Fiber Cabling and Connecting Hardware• Shielding Practices• Link Specifications and Testing

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ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A Differences

Cable Type:• ISO allows 120Ω cable and 50/125µm optical fiber

Terminology:TIA/EIA-568AMain Cross Connect

Intermediate Cross Connect

Horizontal Cross Connect/Telecommunications Closet

Entrance Facility

Interbuilding Backbone

Intrabuilding Backbone

ISO/IEC 11801Campus Distributor

Building Distributor

Floor Distributor

Building Entrance Facility

Campus Backbone

Building Backbone

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TIA/EIA-569A• Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications

Pathways and Spaces• Purpose

− Standardize specific design and construction practices within and between buildings which are in support of telecommunications media and equipment

• Sections− Horizontal Pathways− Backbone Pathways− Work Area− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, Entrance

Facilities

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TIA/EIA-606• Administration Standard for the Telecommunications

Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings• Purpose

− To provide a uniform administration scheme that is independent of applications and establishes guidelines for owners, end users, manufacturers, consultants, contractors, designers, installers, and facilities administrators involved inthe administration of telecommunications infrastructure

• Sections− Administration Concepts− Pathway and Space, and Grounding & Bonding Administration− Labeling and Color Coding

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TIA/EIA-607• Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding

Requirements for the Telecommunications Industry• Purpose

− To enable the planning, design, and installation of a telecommunications grounding system that supports a multi-vendor, multi-product environment as well as the grounding practices for various systems

• Sections− Grounding and Bonding Overview− Components of the Grounding and Bonding Infrastructure− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, and Entrance

Facilities

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Elements/Sub-Systems

• Work Area• Horizontal Cabling• Telecommunications Closet• Backbone Cabling• Equipment Room• Entrance Facility• Administration

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Campus Cabling Diagram

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Campus Cabling Diagram

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Hierarchical Star Topology

MDF/CD

IDF/BD

HorizontalCabling

BackboneCabling

TC

H………H

WA

TC

WAH………H

TC

WAH………H

TC

WAH………H

TC

WAH………H

TC

WAH………H

FD

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Work Area, Horizontal Cabling, Telecommunications Closet

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Backbone Cabling, Equipment Room,Entrance Facilities

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Elements/Sub-Systems - Administration

• Work Area• Horizontal Cabling• Telecommunications Closet• Backbone Cabling• Equipment Room• Entrance Facility

• Administration

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Twisted Pair Cabling

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Cable Classification

Category 3/Class C - 16 MHz

Category 5/Class D - 100 MHz

Category 5e/Class D - 100 MHz

Category 6/Class E - 250 MHz

Category 7/Class F - 600 MHz

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Twisted Pair Types

UTP

FTP, SFTP

STP, PiMF

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Crosstalk

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Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)

Transmit

Receive

• Crosstalk measures the amount of signal interference from one pair to another pair

• NEXT measures crosstalk at the signal source (Near End)

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Twisted Pair Construction

22/24 AWG

PVC, LSZH, FEP

22/26 AWG(PiMF = 23 AWG, 4-pair)

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Optical Fiber Overview

• Reflection• Refraction• Refractive Index• Core/Cladding • Numerical Aperture• Modes• Wavelength

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Advantages of Fiber Optics

• Large Bandwidth

• Low Attenuation

• No Crosstalk

• No Radio Freq. or Electromagnetic Emissions

• No RFI or EMI susceptibility

• No Ground Loops

• Safety, no Shock or Spark Hazards

• High Future Upgrade Capability

• No EMP susceptibility

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Reflection vs. Refraction

Source

Refraction

Reflection

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Refractive Index

Speed of Light (Vacuum)Speed of Light (Medium)

N =

N2

N1

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Internal Reflection in a Fiber

b = sinC

1.461.48

-1 = 80.6°

80.680.6n = 1.461

n = 1.482

n = 1.461

Cladding = n1

Core = n 2

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Core/Cladding

CladdingGlass Tube

CoreGlassRod

Hea

t

Hea

tFiber

Cladding

Core

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CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL FIBER

Core

Cladding125 um

Coating250 um, 400 um or 900 um

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Numerical Aperture and Modes

Low Order Modes Axial Mode

Acceptance Cone High Order Modes

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Wavelength

ATTENUATION

850 1300/1310 1550

WAVELENGTH

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Optical Fiber Review

• Reflection• Refraction• Refractive Index• Core/Cladding • Numerical Aperture• Modes• Wavelength

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Optical Fiber Types

• Multi-mode− accepts many modes of light− supports 850 and 1300 nanometer wavelengths

• Singlemode− accepts only one mode of light - the axial mode− supports 1310 and 1550 nanometer wavelengths

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Optical Fiber Types

SinglemodeMultimode

Graded Index Preform

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Multi-mode Step Index

Source

Dispersion

Output Pulse

Input Pulse

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Multi-mode Graded Index

Dispersion

Source

Output Pulse

Input Pulse

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Multi-mode Optical Fiber Sizes

50/12562.5/125

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Singlemode Fiber

Source

Output PulseInput Pulse

125 m Cladding Diameter

8.3 to 10 m Core Diameter

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FIBER TYPES

Multimode step index fiber

Singlemode step index fiber

Multimode graded index fiber

Low Order Mode

Input Pulse

Output Pulse

Input Pulse Output Pulse

Input Pulse

Output Pulse

Refractive Index Profile

Refractive Index Profile

Refractive Index Profile

Only one mode, No mode dispersion

High Order Mode

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Optical Fiber from a preform

Preform

Muffle furnace

Fiber

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Optical Fiber Components

Fiber Coating ProtectiveBuffer

StrengthMembers

OuterJacket

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CABLE CONSTRUCTIONCABLE CONSTRUCTION

PVC Outer Jacket

Kevlar Strength MembersHytrel Buffer

Optical Fiber

Simplex, Tight Buffer Cable

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Coatings and Buffers

Loose Tube

Tight Tube

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Strength Members and Outer Jackets

KevlarPVC, LSZH, FEP (Plenum)

Steel/Fiberglass

PE

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Optical Fiber Cable

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Cable ConstructionInterconnect Cables

Pigtail, Patchcords, IntrabuildingInternal equipment connectionsPatch panels - Wall outlet to desktopUser friendly

Distribution CablesBackbones CablingVertical/Horizontal CablingFor cabling behind the wall and patch panels.Less fiber protection at connectorized level.

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Cable Construction

Breakout Cables Backbones - Campus - Zone cablingVertical Cabling - Horizontal CablingFiber very well protected at connectorized levelEssentially simplex cables in common jacket

Long distanceBuried - Aerial - Building EntranceGenerally no flame rating - limited distance

in buildingGel filled to eliminate moistureLoose tube for expansion/contraction/movementNo fiber protection at connector level

Outdoor Cables

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Cable Ratings

Defined by National Electrical Code. Tested by UL, etc. Cables must meetspecific requirements for flammability and smoke generation.

OFN : General use, less than 50´

OFNR : Riser rated, Can be used in vertical passages.

OFNP : Plenum rated, Can be installed in air plenums without conduit.

LSZH : Low Smoke, Zero halogen, No specific flame requirements

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CABLE APPLICATIONSCABLE APPLICATIONS

• Outside Plant (OSP), Loose Tube

− Use: All Outside Applications

− Aerial

− Gel-filled

− Ultra-violet Resistant

− Self-supporting or Lashed

− Direct Burial (Trenched)

− Rodent Protected

− Gel-filled

− Strong Central Strength Member

− Burial (Conduit)

− Gel-filled, Not as Rugged

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Cabling Media Types

MediaType Bandwidth Connector

Type

up to300 MHz

4-PositionData

up to600 MHz

up to16/100/200 MHz

8-PositionIDC

up to500 MHz-km

up to500 MHz-km +

SinglemodeFiber

62.5/125µmMulti-mode

Duplex568SC

100ΩCAT 7 STP

150Ω STP-A

8-PositionIDC

Duplex568SC

50/125µmMulti-mode

100Ω/120ΩCAT 3/5/5e/6 UTP

SC-Dup to

500 MHz-km

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CONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHERCONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHER

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Horizontal Cabling Distance

90 m 3 m6 m

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Backbone Cabling Distances

HC/FD

HC/FD IC/BD

MC/CD EP

B

C

A

MEDIA A B C

UTP voice

UTP data

STP-A

Multimode Fiber

Singlemode Fiber

90 m/295ft

800 m/2624ft

90 m/295ft

500 m/1640ft 300 m/984ft

500 m/1640ft

500 m/1640ft3000 m/9840ft

2000 m/6560ft 1500 m/4920ft

2500 m/8200ft

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Summary

• Premises Cabling System• ISO and TIA/EIA Standards• Elements of Telecommunications

Infrastructure• Cable/Fiber Types, Categories, Classes and

Performance • Cable Construction• Cable, Connectors and Cabling Distances