1 copyright © 2005 mosby, inc. all rights reserved. chapter 13 ear

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Chapter 13

Ear

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OBJECTIVES

Identify the anatomy of the earDefine and spell the word partsBuild and analyze medical terms using word partsDefine, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the earInterpret the meanings of abbreviationsIdentify and use plural endingsRead medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them.

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Function of the Ear

The two functions of the ear are to hear and to provide the sense of balance. The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. We hear because sound waves vibrate through the ear where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain.

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Anatomy of the Ear

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The Middle Ear

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Ear

external ear auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the

head external auditory meatus: short tube that

ends at the tympanic membrane

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Ear (cont’d)

middle ear tympanic membrane (eardrum):

semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity

eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx

ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations

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Ear (cont’d)

labyrinth (inner ear) cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ

of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear

semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance

mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus

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Combining Forms for the Ear

acou/o, audi/o aur/I, aur/o, ot/o labyrinth/o mastoid/o myring/o staped/o tympan/o

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Helpful Information

-tympan/o usually means middle ear

-myring/o usually means eardrum (tympanic membrane)

-labyrinth/o usually means inner ear

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

labyrinthitis

mastoiditis

myringitis

otalgia

otomycosis

otopyorrhea

otosclerosis

tympanitis

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts

acoustic neuroma

Meniere’s disease

otitis externa

otitis media (OM)

tinnitus

vertigo

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

mastoidectomy

myringoplasty

myringotomy

tympanoplasty

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(tympanic membrane) / cv / (incision)

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

acoumeter

audiogram

audiometry

otoscope

otoscopy

tympanometer

tympanometry

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(hearing) / cv / (measurement)

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

audiologist

aural

otologist

otology

otorhinolaryngologist (ENT)

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Abbreviations

AD

AOM

AS

AU

ENT

OM

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Plural Endings: English Language

Plurals are formed in the English by adding

-s, -es, or -ies at the end of a word.

Examples:

Singular Plural

dog dogs

fox foxes

canary canaries

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Plural Endings:Medical Language

Plurals are formed in medical language by using the English plural endings, especially for terms originating from modern language; however, terms built from Greek and Latin word parts are formed by using Greek and Latin plural endings.

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Plural Endings:Medical Language (cont’d)

Latin suffixesExamples:

Singular Pluralfimbria fimbriaethorax thoracesappendix appendicesdiverticulum diverticulabronchus bronchitestis testes

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Plural Endings:Medical Language (cont’d)

Greek suffixes Examples:

Singular Plural

adenoma adenomata

spermatozoon spermatozoa

larynx larynges

metastasis metastases

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Convert the following terms to plural:

thrombus staphylococcus alveolus testis ovum pharynx carcinoma thorax

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Convert the following terms to singular:

thrombi testes ova pharynges emboli sarcomata carcinomata spermatozoa