1 by agni prasad nepal id 104520 aarm/serd/ait a thesis presentation assessing the role of...
Post on 29-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
11
by
Agni Prasad Nepal ID 104520
AARM/SERD/AIT
A Thesis Presentation
Assessing the role of “Jalari” women in Assessing the role of “Jalari” women in livelihoods and aquatic resources livelihoods and aquatic resources
management in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepalmanagement in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal
Examination Committee: Dr. Wenresti G. Gallardo (Chairperson)Dr. Amrit N. BartDr. Philippe DoneysDr. Ram C. BhujelDr. Håkan Berg
22
Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation
BackgroundBackground Conceptual frameworkConceptual framework Problem statementProblem statement ObjectivesObjectives Research design/methodologyResearch design/methodology FindingsFindings ConclusionConclusion RecommendationsRecommendations
333
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
““Jalari”,Jalari”, a deprived ethnic a deprived ethnic community in Nepal community in Nepal
Nearly 200 families in Pokhara Nearly 200 families in Pokhara valleyvalley
Nomadic life, No land for farming, Nomadic life, No land for farming, fishing was traditional occupationfishing was traditional occupation
Cage aquaculture started since Cage aquaculture started since 1970s, supported by the 1970s, supported by the government.government.
““Women” actively participating in Women” actively participating in lake resources management with lake resources management with maintaining their livelihoods, maintaining their livelihoods, especially since 2000especially since 2000
1.1 Background NEPAL
N
KathmanduPokhara200 KM
44
Conceptual Framework
Jalari women (Human assets) in livelihoods
and resources conservation/management
Lake resources conservation and management- Maintain lake environment - Maintain biodiversity/native species - Managing restock
Means of livelihood - Aquaculture - Capture/recapture fisheries - Others (salary, wage-labor, small trade etc)
Policy Planning
Strategies
Support, Linkage, Cooperation- R & D institutions- Stakeholders- Legislative measures- Rule/regulations- Code of conducts
Feedback Implementation
Livelihood outcomes and women’s status
Feedback
55
In general, Lake Phewa is highly In general, Lake Phewa is highly affected by environmental problems affected by environmental problems which threaten its sustainability, which threaten its sustainability,
Problems stated in this study was:Problems stated in this study was:Women’s role has not been Women’s role has not been
adequately assessed, although they adequately assessed, although they are participating actively in activities are participating actively in activities associated with “livelihoods and associated with “livelihoods and aquatic resources management”aquatic resources management”
1.3 Problem Statement
Mahseer (Tor putitora):
a high value native species
66
Overall objective:Overall objective:– to assess the role of “Jalari” women in livelihood to assess the role of “Jalari” women in livelihood
strategy and their initiatives for aquatic resource strategy and their initiatives for aquatic resource conservation and managementconservation and management
Specific objectives:Specific objectives:
To evaluate the To evaluate the present means of livelihoodpresent means of livelihood of Jalari of Jalari community with special focus on community with special focus on women’s rolewomen’s role
To assess To assess existing initiativesexisting initiatives and and role of Jalari women in the role of Jalari women in the conservation and management of the lake resourceconservation and management of the lake resource
To make To make appropriate recommendationsappropriate recommendations for further for further improvementimprovement
1.4 Objectives
77
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Primary data collection
- Population size Population size 79 (HH)79 (HH)
- DDetermination of sample sizeetermination of sample size::
Nn = ------------- 1+N(e)2
(Yamane, 1967)(Yamane, 1967)
Here, n = sample sizeN= population sizee = level of precision
79n = ---------------- = 44.13 1+79(10%)2
Group compositionGroup composition WomenWomen MenMen TotalTotal
Jalaris/fishersJalaris/fishers 2222 2222 4444(55.7% of Ttotal Population)(55.7% of Ttotal Population)
Key informants Key informants -- -- 1212
88
Methods used for researchMethods used for research
PRAPRA Fishers household (HH) surveyFishers household (HH) survey Field observations Field observations Key informants interviewKey informants interview Stakeholders workshopStakeholders workshop
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY …RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY …
3.2 Secondary information3.2 Secondary information – literatures/publications literatures/publications – DoFD, NARC, FRC, FRD, DoFD, NARC, FRC, FRD,
DADO, and NGOs such as DADO, and NGOs such as Li-birdLi-bird
3.3 Data Processing and Analysis3.3 Data Processing and Analysis - Data processed and analyzed for quantitative and Data processed and analyzed for quantitative and
qualitative findingsqualitative findings
99
Site map
6 Naya Bazar
5 Sedidada
3 Khapaudi
2 Sidurke
1 Pame
4 Phyaure
8 Baidam
Inlet
7 Gharipatan
OutletSilt deposited plots
Fish marketing spot
Phewa watershed and Jalaris’ living area
Site descriptions
1
2 3 4
56
7
8
FRC, (Phewa Branch)
1010
DemographicsDemographics
Total Jalari HH in Pokhara valley Total Jalari HH in Pokhara valley 191191
• Jalari community (HH) in study site 79• Total population 398
– F 201 (50.5%)– M 197 (49.5%)– Family size 5
15
12
27
57
12
10
113
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Female Male Total
Re
sp
on
de
nts
Illiterate Literate Primary Secondary
Adult Educational status
Adult women literacy rate 32% (Average adult literacy 39%)
Adult Men literacy 46%
Main FindingsMain Findings
1111
Means of livelihoods and income from main Means of livelihoods and income from main and other sourcesand other sources
Main sources of income:Main sources of income: Cage aquacultureCage aquaculture Capture/Recapture fisheryCapture/Recapture fishery
Other sources of income:Other sources of income:
Cage aquaculture
31%
Small trade/shop
5%
Capture fishery37%
Salary/Penson7%
Labor work8%
House rent3%
Remittance7%
Others (Pond fish, bee
keeping, etc)2%
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1212
• Consumption of fish as food of total harvest/hh - 5%• Selling (from total harvest) - 95%
• Cheaper fish purchase from local market = - 5% of total food expenses
ExpenditureValue in NRs
food exp, 75,611, (47%)
surplus, 31,517, (19%)
cage culture operation,
12,119, (7%)
other exp in family,
43,473, (27%)
Other expenses: education, health, culture etc
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1313
JALARI WOMEN’S ROLE IN LIVELIHOODS AND INCOME GENERATIONJALARI WOMEN’S ROLE IN LIVELIHOODS AND INCOME GENERATION
Status/position of Jalari women in community and Status/position of Jalari women in community and familyfamily
47.7%52.3%
02468
1012141618202224
Yes No
Nu
mb
ers
of
resp
on
den
ts
• Property rights of women in family
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1414
Training
Jalari women: education and empowermentJalari women: education and empowerment
Training, group formation and education
• Formed a women group in 2000 – “Machhapuchhre Women Group” (MWG)
• Almost all children are attending school
• girls 45%
• boys 55%
• Percentage of dropping out before entering college is high
girls 89%boys 96%
46
35
2 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
Schoolboys
Schoolgirls
Collegeboys
Collegegirls
Nu
mb
er o
f st
ud
ents
• Women started to train since 1990s – (under JICA Project)
School children
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1515
Jalari women in decision making
Money keeping and spending decisions
• Money is spent based on mutual understanding of husband and wife in 34 families (77.3%)
• Women decide on spending money in 10 families (22.7%). Out of 10 families, 5 (11%) have women heads
Decision on spending money
Women self -decision 23%
Mutual understanding
77%
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1616
Participation in decision making:ActivitiesActivities FemaleFemale
(%)
MaleMale
(%)
Both (mutual)Both (mutual) No responseNo response
Cage cultureCage culture 55 2020 7575 00
FishingFishing 1414 4141 3636 99
Food selection and Food selection and marketingmarketing
8686 00 1111 33
Other HH works Other HH works (Children’s school,(Children’s school,
family health, festivals etc)family health, festivals etc)
27- 68*27- 68** Goods purchase
0 – 4.50 – 4.5 30 – 68**30 – 68**
Respondents 44
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
Work typeWork type No workNo work 3-4 hours3-4 hours 5-6 hours5-6 hours 7-8 hours7-8 hours
In houseIn house - - 3 (13.6)3 (13.6) 13 (59.113 (59.1)) 6 (27.3)6 (27.3)
Out of houseOut of house 2 (9.1)2 (9.1) 11 (50.0)11 (50.0) 5 (22.7)5 (22.7) 4 (18.2)4 (18.2)
Working hour of Jalari women,
86% (19) reported no overload to them
Respondents 44
1717
Institutional approach in decision making• Machhapuchhre women group (MWG)
constituted in 2000
• Now, 36 members assembly
• Meeting every 5th of the month
• Discuss on the issues and decide (aquaculture and resources management) Meeting at upstream site
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
Cleaning the lake
Feeding grass in cage
1818
Participation of women in Occupation
• Involvement and contribution in aquaculture, fishing and marketing
Over all contribution is 41% from women beside in-house works
41
28
74
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cage aquaculture Fishing Marketing
Wo
rk c
on
trib
uti
on
(%
)
Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Livelihoods/Socio-economics:Main findings …Main findings …
1919
Restocking strategy and recapture fisheryRestocking strategy and recapture fishery
• Restocking with indigenous and exotic fish every year in Lake Phewa
• Basically 4 stakeholders participating to restock
Conservation/management
Women Group’s contribution was nearly 4% fingerlings restocked in last 4 years (2004-2007)
Main findings …Main findings …
2020
• Regular meetings (every 5th of the month)
• Cleaning the lake every year after rainy season
• Formulation of code of conducts (CC) (support of FRC)
• Monitoring fishing gears and CC
• Spawning ground (SG) protection: (enforcement CC)
• Patrolling upstream and SG areas
• Awareness/education
• Campaigning/rally,
• Pamphlets/posters,
• hoarding boards
• Enforcement of CC
Conservation/management:
Regular meeting
Campaigning/rally for native fish conservation
pamphlet
Patrolling (hoarding board in background
cleaning the lake
MWG and it’s activities
Main findings …Main findings …
2121
Conclusions
• Women fishers contribute about 41% (P>0.05) as much as men on occupational works for income generation (excluding HH chores)
• Jalari women are effective in community collaborative resources management practices.
• Jalari women have good understanding and initiatives for native fish conservation, special focus on Sahar (Tor spp) conservation
• About 80% respondents confident on women’s ability to show positive impact (P<0.05)
2222
Recommendations
• Legal recognition of MWG as a cooperative is necessary, so the legal community property right and fishing right could be recognized /established
• It is necessary to formulate suitable policy/strategy for educational, social and economic empowerment to facilitate their participation
• For better aquatic resources management women from watershed areas (down and up stream) should be mobilized in an integrated approach
• Expansion of lessons learned from women fishers mobilization in Phewa Lake could be recommended to other wetlands management
2323
top related