01-introduction to linux
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7/29/2019 01-Introduction to Linux
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Linux Network Administration
with Security
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS,
CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate), MCS (SL),MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security +
Messaging, MCSA + Security + Messaging,
1
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History of Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
2
1960s AT & T, Bell Labs, General Electric , MIT Computer Science and Artificial
Intelligence Laboratory
Multi User OS experimental operating system called Multics for the GE-645
mainframe
Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie
To play a multi-user game Space Travel
Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed
between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for
use with the Unix operating system
1980s AT & T, Bell Lab and Sco Bought Unix and Copyright it.
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aman
thaIndika
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Cont.. History of Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
3
1987
Andrew S. TanenbaumProfessor at the Vrije University
Wrote a clone of UNIX,
called MINIX(MIni-uNIX), for the IBM PC
1990
Linus B. Trovalds
Began to work on a Kernel for an OS named it as Linux
1990
Publish his work to others via internet
1994Released Linux Kernel 1.0 (FSF/GPL)
(General Public License)/(Free Software Foundation)
1994
Bob Young & Mark Ewings > RedHat Inc.
1995
Released RedHat Linux
MIT Researcher
Richard Stallman is an American softwarefreedom activist and computer programmer In
September 1983, he launched the GNU Project
GNU Project to create a free Unix Like operating
system, and has been the project's lead architect
and organizer. With the launch of the GNU
Project, he initiated the Free Software
Movement; in October 1985 he founded the Free
Software Foundation.
FSF
GNU OS (GNU is not Unix)
GNU is a Unix-like computer Operating System
developed by the GNU project.
OSS (Open Source Software)
Eg : PHP
Registered under GPL
(General Public License)
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thaIndika
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Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
4
What is Linux?
Linux is an Open Source Operating System (OS) kernel.
Linus Benedict Torvalds is a Finnish software engineer and hacker, best known for having
initiated the development of the Linux Kernel. He later became the chief architect of the
Linux kernel, and now acts as the project's coordinator.
License :- GPL (GNU General Public License) www.gnu.org
The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system
which is free software and software which respects your freedom.
Vanilla Kernel :- Original Kernel
It has Graphical Shell & Command Shell.
Windows Core Edition is fully functioning in command-line
Microsoft has Power Shell.
Original source code will be on www.kernal.org
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thaIndika
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
5
LIVEWARE
SOFTWARE
KERNAL
DEVICE MANAGER
CPU
HARDWARE
LINUX
COMPUTER
OPERATING SYSTEM
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thaIndika
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
6
What is a Linux distribution?
Its a complete OS based on the Linux Kernel.
How to create Linux Kernel with GNU distribution
www.linuxfromscratch.org
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thaIndika
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
7
Linux Distribution
Linux KernalX for Unix, Its a respect
for Unix
Gnu Projectwww.gnu.org
Gnu is not Linux
Richard Matthew Stallman is an American
software freedom activist and computer
programmer. In September 1983, he launchedthe GNU Project to create a free Unix-like
operating system, and has been the project's
lead architect and organizer. With the launch of
the GNU Project, he initiated the free software
movement; in October 1985 he founded the
Free Software Foundation.
Gnu Project3rd Party Open Source Software
Eg:
Web Browser : FireFox
Office : OpenOffice
GUI : Gnome, KDE
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thaIndika
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
8
Slackware Linux
Patrick Volkerding is the founder and maintainer of the Slackware LinuxDistribution. www.slackware.org
Oldest Linux and success version
Slackware is a free and open source operating system. It was one of the earliest
operating systems to be built on top of the Linux kernel and is the oldest currentlybeing maintained.Slackware was created by Patrick Volkerding ofSlackware Linux,
Inc. in 1993. The current stable version is 13.1, released on May 24, 2010.
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thaIndika
http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/ -
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
9
Basic components
Kernal : Hurd Kernal
Shell : BASH (Bourn Again Shell) Compiler : GCC (Gnu C comipler)
Libraries : Glib C
Text Editor : Emacs
Popular Linux Distribution
Home use (Desktop/Laptop/Notebooks) Linux mint
Obuntu Linux
Open Suse
Mandriva
Fedora
Bleeding edge (very latest)
Bugs (Not stable)
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thaIndika
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Conti... Introduction to Linux
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
10
Office use (Servers/Clients)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Solid King of Notebooks
Community Enterprise OS (CentOS) Suse Enterprise Linux
Debian Linux
Ubuntu Server
CentOS
Web : www.centos.org Based on : RHEL
Suitable for Office use
Latest release : CentOS 5
Latest Update : CentOS 5.5 (2010 Sep. 16)
Hardware Architecture : 32bit (i386) and 64bit (x86_64)
Installation Media :
32-bit - 7CDs or 1 DVD 64-bit - 8 CDs or 2 DVDs
Minimum hardware requirements :
P II 400MHz Processor, 256MB RAM, 2.0-5.0GB HDD
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thaIndika
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About CentOS
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
11
CentOS is an Enterprise-class Linux Distribution derived from sources freely provided
to the public by a prominent North American Enterprise Linux vendor. CentOS
conforms fully with the upstream vendors redistribution policy and aims to be 100%binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor
branding and artwork.) CentOS is free.
CentOS is developed by a small but growing team of core developers. In turn the
core developers are supported by an active user community including system
administrators, network administrators, enterprise users, managers, core Linuxcontributors and Linux enthusiasts from around the world.
CentOS has numerous advantages over some of the other clone projects
including: an active and growing user community, quickly rebuilt, tested, and QA'ed
errata packages, an extensive mirror network, developers who are contactable and
responsive, multiple free support avenues including IRC Chat, Mailing Lists, Forums,
a dynamic FAQ. Commercial support is offered via a number of vendors.
100% Binary Compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
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thaIndika
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FAQ
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
12
What is CentOS?
According to CentOS Developers: - http://wiki.centos.org/
CentOS is an Enterprise Linux distribution based on the freely available sources
from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Each CentOS version is supported for 7 years (by
means of security updates). A new CentOS version is released every 2 years and eachCentOS version is periodically updated (roughly every 6 months) to support newer
hardware. This results in a secure, low-maintenance, reliable, predictable and
reproducible Linux environment S
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thaIndika
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Cont.. FAQ
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
13
According to Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentOS
CentOS is a community-supported, free and open source operating system based
on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It exists to provide a free enterprise class computing
platform and strives to maintain 100% binary compatibility with its upstream
distribution. CentOS stands for Community ENTerprise Operating System.
CentOS is the most popular Linux distribution for web servers with almost 30% of allLinux servers using it.
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thaIndika
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Cont.. FAQ
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
14
What is the difference between RHEL and CentOS?
According to CentOS Developers
CentOS conforms fully with the upstream vendors redistribution policies and aims
to be 100% binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to removeupstream vendor branding and artwork.). CentOS is designed for people who need
an enterprise class OS without the cost or support of the prominent North American
Enterprise Linux vendor. Neither the CentOS Project (we who build CentOS) nor any
version of CentOS is affiliated with, produced by, or supported by the prominent
North American Enterprise Linux vendor. Neither does our software contain the
upstream vendor's product ... although it is built from the same open source SRPMSas the upstream enterprise products.
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Cont.. FAQ
Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),
MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP
15
Is CentOS as good as RHEL?
According to www.top500.org ( The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 (non-
distributed) most powerful known computer systems in the world) CentOS currentlyruns on Super Computers. Additionally it is the OS used in the 10th fastest Super
Computer(RedSky).
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amanthaIndika
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