01-introduction to linux

7/29/2019 01-Introduction to Linux

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Linux Network Administration

with Security

Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS,

CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate), MCS (SL),MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security +

Messaging, MCSA + Security + Messaging,

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History of Linux

Prepared by : Samantha Indika | MCT, ACS, CEH, CCNA, BCS (Certificate),

MCS (SL), MCITP, MCTS, MCSE + Security + Messaging, MCSA + Security+ Messaging, MCP

2

1960s AT & T, Bell Labs, General Electric , MIT Computer Science and Artificial

Intelligence Laboratory

Multi User OS experimental operating system called Multics for the GE-645

mainframe

Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie

To play a multi-user game Space Travel

Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed

between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for

use with the Unix operating system

1980s AT & T, Bell Lab and Sco Bought Unix and Copyright it.

S

aman

thaIndika


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Cont.. History of Linux



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1987

Andrew S. TanenbaumProfessor at the Vrije University

Wrote a clone of UNIX,

called MINIX(MIni-uNIX), for the IBM PC

1990

Linus B. Trovalds

Began to work on a Kernel for an OS named it as Linux

1990

Publish his work to others via internet

1994Released Linux Kernel 1.0 (FSF/GPL)

(General Public License)/(Free Software Foundation)

1994

Bob Young & Mark Ewings > RedHat Inc.

1995

Released RedHat Linux

MIT Researcher

Richard Stallman is an American softwarefreedom activist and computer programmer In

September 1983, he launched the GNU Project

GNU Project to create a free Unix Like operating

system, and has been the project's lead architect

and organizer. With the launch of the GNU

Project, he initiated the Free Software

Movement; in October 1985 he founded the Free

Software Foundation.

FSF

GNU OS (GNU is not Unix)

GNU is a Unix-like computer Operating System

developed by the GNU project.

OSS (Open Source Software)

Eg : PHP

Registered under GPL

(General Public License)

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aman

thaIndika


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Introduction to Linux



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What is Linux?

Linux is an Open Source Operating System (OS) kernel.

Linus Benedict Torvalds is a Finnish software engineer and hacker, best known for having

initiated the development of the Linux Kernel. He later became the chief architect of the

Linux kernel, and now acts as the project's coordinator.

License :- GPL (GNU General Public License) www.gnu.org

The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system

which is free software and software which respects your freedom.

Vanilla Kernel :- Original Kernel

It has Graphical Shell & Command Shell.

Windows Core Edition is fully functioning in command-line

Microsoft has Power Shell.

Original source code will be on www.kernal.org

S

aman

thaIndika
http://www.gnu.org/http://www.gnu.org/


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Conti... Introduction to Linux



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LIVEWARE

SOFTWARE

KERNAL

DEVICE MANAGER

CPU

HARDWARE

LINUX

COMPUTER

OPERATING SYSTEM

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thaIndika


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What is a Linux distribution?

Its a complete OS based on the Linux Kernel.

How to create Linux Kernel with GNU distribution

www.linuxfromscratch.org

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thaIndika


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Linux Distribution

Linux KernalX for Unix, Its a respect

for Unix

Gnu Projectwww.gnu.org

Gnu is not Linux

Richard Matthew Stallman is an American

software freedom activist and computer

programmer. In September 1983, he launchedthe GNU Project to create a free Unix-like

operating system, and has been the project's

lead architect and organizer. With the launch of

the GNU Project, he initiated the free software

movement; in October 1985 he founded the

Free Software Foundation.

Gnu Project3rd Party Open Source Software

Eg:

Web Browser : FireFox

Office : OpenOffice

GUI : Gnome, KDE

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aman

thaIndika


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Slackware Linux

Patrick Volkerding is the founder and maintainer of the Slackware LinuxDistribution. www.slackware.org

Oldest Linux and success version

Slackware is a free and open source operating system. It was one of the earliest

operating systems to be built on top of the Linux kernel and is the oldest currentlybeing maintained.Slackware was created by Patrick Volkerding ofSlackware Linux,

Inc. in 1993. The current stable version is 13.1, released on May 24, 2010.

S

aman

thaIndika
http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/http://www.slackware.org/


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Basic components

Kernal : Hurd Kernal

Shell : BASH (Bourn Again Shell) Compiler : GCC (Gnu C comipler)

Libraries : Glib C

Text Editor : Emacs

Popular Linux Distribution

Home use (Desktop/Laptop/Notebooks) Linux mint

Obuntu Linux

Open Suse

Mandriva

Fedora

Bleeding edge (very latest)

Bugs (Not stable)

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thaIndika


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Office use (Servers/Clients)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Solid King of Notebooks

Community Enterprise OS (CentOS) Suse Enterprise Linux

Debian Linux

Ubuntu Server

CentOS

Web : www.centos.org Based on : RHEL

Suitable for Office use

Latest release : CentOS 5

Latest Update : CentOS 5.5 (2010 Sep. 16)

Hardware Architecture : 32bit (i386) and 64bit (x86_64)

Installation Media :

32-bit - 7CDs or 1 DVD 64-bit - 8 CDs or 2 DVDs

Minimum hardware requirements :

P II 400MHz Processor, 256MB RAM, 2.0-5.0GB HDD

S

aman

thaIndika
http://www.centos.org/http://www.centos.org/


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About CentOS



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CentOS is an Enterprise-class Linux Distribution derived from sources freely provided

to the public by a prominent North American Enterprise Linux vendor. CentOS

conforms fully with the upstream vendors redistribution policy and aims to be 100%binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor

branding and artwork.) CentOS is free.

CentOS is developed by a small but growing team of core developers. In turn the

core developers are supported by an active user community including system

administrators, network administrators, enterprise users, managers, core Linuxcontributors and Linux enthusiasts from around the world.

CentOS has numerous advantages over some of the other clone projects

including: an active and growing user community, quickly rebuilt, tested, and QA'ed

errata packages, an extensive mirror network, developers who are contactable and

responsive, multiple free support avenues including IRC Chat, Mailing Lists, Forums,

a dynamic FAQ. Commercial support is offered via a number of vendors.

100% Binary Compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

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aman

thaIndika


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FAQ



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What is CentOS?

According to CentOS Developers: - http://wiki.centos.org/

CentOS is an Enterprise Linux distribution based on the freely available sources

from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Each CentOS version is supported for 7 years (by

means of security updates). A new CentOS version is released every 2 years and eachCentOS version is periodically updated (roughly every 6 months) to support newer

hardware. This results in a secure, low-maintenance, reliable, predictable and

reproducible Linux environment S

aman

thaIndika
http://wiki.centos.org/http://wiki.centos.org/


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Cont.. FAQ



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According to Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentOS

CentOS is a community-supported, free and open source operating system based

on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It exists to provide a free enterprise class computing

platform and strives to maintain 100% binary compatibility with its upstream

distribution. CentOS stands for Community ENTerprise Operating System.

CentOS is the most popular Linux distribution for web servers with almost 30% of allLinux servers using it.

S

aman

thaIndika
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentOS


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Cont.. FAQ



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What is the difference between RHEL and CentOS?

According to CentOS Developers

CentOS conforms fully with the upstream vendors redistribution policies and aims

to be 100% binary compatible. (CentOS mainly changes packages to removeupstream vendor branding and artwork.). CentOS is designed for people who need

an enterprise class OS without the cost or support of the prominent North American

Enterprise Linux vendor. Neither the CentOS Project (we who build CentOS) nor any

version of CentOS is affiliated with, produced by, or supported by the prominent

North American Enterprise Linux vendor. Neither does our software contain the

upstream vendor's product ... although it is built from the same open source SRPMSas the upstream enterprise products.

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thaIndika


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Cont.. FAQ



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Is CentOS as good as RHEL?

According to www.top500.org ( The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 (non-

distributed) most powerful known computer systems in the world) CentOS currentlyruns on Super Computers. Additionally it is the OS used in the 10th fastest Super

Computer(RedSky).

S

amanthaIndika

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