00stojadinovic serbia enhancing energy efficiency
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Energy Crisis and Climate Change Challenges for Politics and Business in South East Europe
Evangelische Akademie Tutzing, 28 March 2009.
Republic of Serbia - Ministry of Mining and EnergyDejan Stojadinovic, Assistant Minister
Serbia
Enhancing
Energy
Efficiency
and use of
Renewable
Energy
Sources
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Legal Framework
Energy Law (OJ RS 84/04) provides the overall foundation for development of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency
Energy Law has established Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency, with the mission to promote and enhance rational use of energyand use of renewable energy sources - in order to ensure sustainable energy development through promotion and information
dissemination, technical advices and demonstration projects
Energy Sector Development Strategy of Republic of Serbia by 2015. (2005) emphasize importance of utilization of renewableenergy sources for distributed heat and power generation and recognize Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency, Energy EfficiencyFund and introduction of support schemes as the main instruments for the achievement of these goals
Programme for Implementation of Energy Sector Development Strategy 2007-2012(2007) elaborate Strategy in more details anddefine priorities for utilization of renewable energy sources. Programme is updated every two year, and next update will be
prepared for the period 2009-2011
Regulation on technical and other requirements of liquid biofuels (OJ S&M 23/06) defines technical requirements for biodiesel andbiofuels
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Institutional Stakeholders EE & RES
MINISTRY OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF
MINING AND
ENERGY
MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT
AND SPATIAL
PLANNING
Renewable energy and energyefficiency policy developmentand implementation
National Programme for EnergyEfficiency technologydissemination and demonstrationfacilities
Building standards Some energy efficiency
provisions
NO INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM TO COORDINATE POLICIES WITH FOCUS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLES
Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis,Kragujevac, Kraljevo
REGIONAL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
CENTRES
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
AGENCY
Sectoral energy efficiencyprograms
Training and public awarenesscampaigns
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION FUND
Financing some energy efficiencyand renewable energy programs
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FINAL ENERGY SUPPLY IN 2009.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
COAL OIL GAS ELECTRICITY HEAT
Mt
oe
INDUSTRY HOUSEHOLDS OTHERS
Energy production and consumption
PLANNED PRIMARYENERGY SUPPLY IN
2009. 17.794 M toe
PLANNED FINAL ENERGY SUPPLYIN 2009. - 8.915 M toe
10% THERMAL ENERGY
13% SOLID FUELS
40% LIQUID FUELS
11% GASEOUS FUELS
26% ELECTRICITY
55% PRODUCTION
45% IMPORT
Energy intensity 2005. (est.)
0.41 toe per thousand USD of GDP
2.7 times higher than average forOECD Europe
Technical potential for energy
efficiency 30%Economic potential for energy
efficiency 20%
Regulation under preparation
Law on Rational Use of Energy
Secondary legislation
Introduction of Energy Management
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Energy Balance 2009
2007. 2008. 2009.
Primary energy supply per capita (toe/capita) 2.228 2.395 2.416
Electricity supply per capita (toe/capita)
(kWh/capita)
0.295
3,429
0.309
3,589
0.314
3,654
Share of RES-E in total electricity generation 28% 27% 28%
Share of RE in final energy supply 13% 12% 11%
Production
(toe)
Geothermal energy 4,700
Large Hydro 923,000
Small Hydro 4,300
Biodiesel 300
Fuel wood 163,000
TOTAL 1,095,300
Serbia 2009
Planned Production of
Renewable Energy
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Potentials(Mtoe)
Biomass 2.40
SHPP 0.40
Solar 0.64
Geothermal 0.20
Wind 0.19
TOTAL 3.83
Serbias endowment of renewable energy resources is substantial- realization of these potentials require Government action
Biomass
63%SHPP
10%
Solar17%
Geothermal
5%
Wind
5%
RES Technical Potential
Clear technical potential of renewable energy - insufficient information
about the economic potential
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Biomass
Most promising utilization options for
biomass:
Space heating in households and
buildings using biomass pellets orbriquettes
Co-firing or total replacement in districtheating plants firing heavy oil or coal in
south Serbia, where natural gas is not
available yet
Production of electricity utilizingagricultural and wood wastes
Forest biomass
Fuel Wood
7 million m
unofficial
--------------------
1.6 million m
official
(55% from State
forest)
Wood
residues5 million m
TOTAL 12 million m
Fruit growing residues
Biomass residues
(1,000 tones)
Plum 393.5
Apple 36.2
Cherries 55.0
Pear 14.0
Peach 35.1
Apricot 15.5
Walnuts 55.0
Grapes 515.0
TOTAL 1,119.3
Crop farming residues
1/3 available for Energy Use
Total residues
(1,000 tones)
Residues for
Energy Use
(1,000 tones)
Wheat 2,905 1,365
Barley 295 180
Rye 15.5 4.4
Corn 5,310 1,140
Sunflower 705 240
Soybean 320 130
Rapeseed 7.8 1.6
TOTAL 9,560 3,060
Wood
biomass
1 Mtoe
Agriculture
biomass
1.4 Mtoe
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Small Hydro Power Plants
>5 MW: 9 locations
2-5MW: 30 locations (average
3 MW)
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Small Hydro Power Plants
No of
SHPP
locations
Potential power
installed (kW)
Potential Annual
Generation (MWh)Municipality
64 34,300 121,203 Ivanjica
35 33,284 109,692 Raka
40 25,925 94,026 Pirot
40 23,458 78,394 Kraljevo
47 18,800 73,971 Prijepolje
9 17,576 60,210 Zajear
22 17,045 72,212 Crna Trava
20 15,825 55,100 Novi Pazar
8 15,690 58,850 Bela Palanka
8 11,216 25,850 Despotovac
30 10,974 45,391 Brus
19 10,706 30,180 a32 10,185 38,438 Vranje
22 10,141 38,985 Kurumlija
16 9,875 35,318 Priboj
30 9,800 36,099 Trgovite
13 9,785 30,937 Valjevo
10 9,305 27,419 Tutin
16 8,945 24,380 agubica
17 8,675 34,553 Bosilegrad
No of
SHPP
locations
Potential power
installed (kW)
Potential Annual
Generation (MWh)Municipality
19 8,625 32,877 ajetina
17 8,320 29,720 Leskovac
21 8,310 36,832 Nova Varo
27 8,170 32,543 Surdulica
13 7,990 28,262 Vlasotince
19 7,640 27,395 Bajina Bata
12 7,070 27,500 Ni
8 6,740 20,050 Boljevac
12 5,346 17,928 Uice
15 5,325 19,862 Ljubovija
7 4,730 10,230 Negotin
11 4,690 16,578 Vladiin Han6 4,655 20,283 Arilje
14 4,515 19,459 Babunica
1 3,000 13,700 Novi Sad
1 850 4,700 Vrbas
1 620 2,270 Beej
1 1,220 8,190 Bela Crkva
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Solar
MONTH Total
Year
Average
DailyI II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Beograd 1.40 2.20 3.35 4.85 6.00 6.45 6.75 6.00 4.65 3.05 1.60 1.15 1,446.80 3.96
Vrac 1.00 2.00 3.35 4.40 6.00 6.40 6.55 6.85 4.60 3.00 1.55 1.00 1,424.75 3.90
Pali 1.30 2.10 3.45 5.00 6.15 6.25 6.35 5.85 4.30 2.85 1.40 1.15 1,407.40 3.80
Novi Sad 1.45 2.35 3.20 4.65 5.80 6.20 6.35 5.75 4.40 2.90 1.45 1.20 1,392.65 3.82Ni 1.75 2.60 3.45 5.00 6.10 6.35 6.70 6.15 5.35 3.45 1.85 1.50 1,531.40 4.20
Kurumlija 2.15 3.00 3.60 5.05 5.85 6.05 6.55 6.10 5.30 3.50 2.00 1.75 1,550.50 4.25
Pe 1.85 2.95 3.70 4.85 5.95 6.15 6.75 6.15 4.90 3.65 2.25 1.60 1,546.25 4.24
Pritina 1.85 2.90 3.70 5.25 6.30 6.60 6.95 6.30 5.10 3.35 1.90 1.60 1,578.25 4.32
Vranje 1.70 2.70 3.65 5.15 6.15 6.40 6.50 6.35 5.25 3.45 1.85 1.50 1,543.40 4.23
Loznica 1.50 2.30 3.05 4.35 5.30 5.75 6.15 5.60 4.30 2.80 1.45 1.20 1,333.50 3.65
Kragujevac 1.50 2.40 3.35 4.80 5.85 6.10 6.45 5.90 4.85 3.30 1.70 1.30 1,447.85 3.97
Negotin 1.35 2.05 3.25 4.85 6.05 6.60 6.95 6.25 4.75 2.90 1.45 1.20 1,453.35 3.98
Zlatibor 1.50 2.30 3.10 4.35 5.10 5.85 5.90 5.35 4.30 2.75 1.60 1.30 1,316.40 3.61
AVERAGE DAILY SOLAR IRRADIANCE ON HORIZONTAL SURFACE IN kWh/m
Average daily value
about 3.8 kWh/m
Average yearly insolation in Serbia
about 1,400 kWh/m
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Solar
Most promisin utilization options
Sanitary water heatingSpace heating
If each housing unit (2.65 million
units) would install average 4 m
of collectors
Equivalent to some saving
potential of
7,420 GWh
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Geothermal
Use of geothermal potential is mainly for
balneological purposes, sports and
recreation
Prospects for expanding geothermal
energy for agricultural heat and water
heating are reasonably good
Potential for larger scale geothermal
electricity is limited - requires water
temperatures above 100C.
Average geothermal flow density in
Serbia is higher than 60 mW/m
There are 160 natural resources of
geothermal waters (excluding Panonian
basin) with temperature above 15C
Highest temperatures recorded
Vranjska spa - 96CJoanika spa - 78C
Sijarinska spa - 72C
Total flow rate of geothermal water
resources is 4000 l/sec
60 locations are in the water reservoirs
up to 3000 m depth
Installed thermal
power (MWt)
Produced heat
(TJ/year)Residential and commercial areas 18.5 575
Spas and recreation 36.0 1,150
Gain drying 0.7 22
Greenhouses 8.4 256Fishing and cattle breeding 6.4 211
Industrial processes 3.9 121
Heat pump heating 12.0 80
Total 86.0 2,415
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Wind
Wind data
based on 10 metre heights
extrapolated to 50 metre heights
2,300 GWh
1,300 MW of capacity
at sites with minimal averagewind speeds of 5 m/s
Best locations in Serbia
(extrapolated)
Midzor 7.66 m/s
Suva Mt. 6.46 m/s
Vrsacki breg 6.27 m/s
Tupiznica 6.25 m/s
Krepoljin 6.18 m/s
Deli Jovan 6.13 m/s
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Wind Case Study: Popadija wind farm
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Barriers for wider use of RES
Institutional barriers
Lack of experienceNeed for the experience of how a private sector renewable energy project can work in
Serbia
Absence of first set of projects
Transition IssuesMany industrial companies are in transition both with regard to structure and
ownership, and managements are not yet ready to consider measures to rationalize
energy activities
Financial barriers
Absence of a price support mechanismRenewable energy projects are not bankable without a price support mechanism
RES cannot compete with fossil electricity generation based on lignite (whose price
does not reflect their environmental damage costs)
Debt Financing supportDifficulty to secure long term loans appropriate for small renewable energy projects
Electricity tariffLow electricity tariff does not stipulate domestic, commercial and industrial consumersto use renewable energy - current average price is under 5cents/kWh
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Barriers for wider use of RES
Technical barriers
Absence of technical standardsDespite the existence of manufacturers of heating equipment and biomass fuel
(briquettes and pellets), production standards are not regulated
Equipment for biomass energy utilization need clear information about technical
specification and performance characteristics
Barriers to biomass utilizationLow electricity price, which decrease motivation to install biomass firing boilers
No developed market for biomass fuel and biomass utilisation facilities
Absence of a renewable energy resources inventoryUpdate and development of Small Hydro Cadastre
Wind monitoring programe with wind speed measurements at 50 meters needed
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Regulation on privileged power producerswill be the definition of what types of
renewable energy producers qualify for
privileged status
Deadline for adoption: 1 J uly 2009.
Feed-in tariffs as the price support
mechanism
Deadline for adoption: 1 J uly 2009.
Legal regulation under preparation
Amendments to the Energy Law
drafting
Production, transporting, storaging and trading ofbiofules is recognized as energy activity
Definition of renewable energy sources is amplifiedand contains biofuels, biogas, landfill gas, sewage gas
Definition of biomass reffer to biodegradable materialdeveloped in agriculture, forestry and accompanyingindustry for energy purposes
Definition of privileged power producers includes allRES producers except hydro-power plants and
biomass power plants larger than 10 MW
Guaranteed grid access to a privileged powerproducers - through obligation of local distribution
company to purchase all the electricity produced fromRES
Purpose: to promote investments in renewable energy projects
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Assumptions for development of Feed-in tarriffs
a purchase price, expressed in c/kWh, is guaranteed and fixed during the 12-year period.The level of a purchase price is set to provide invested capital returned in 12 years, with
covering all operating costs incurred during the same period;
in case of power plants that have been in operation before the application of feed-in tariffs
proposed feed-in tariffs are valid for the shortened period of time
feed-in tariffs for old power plants that have been out of commission for at least five years
are separately defined, in order to encourage revitalisation and re-entering in operation of
these plants;
additional criteria for setting the feed-in tariff is to have the internal rate of return at least
14%, i.e. not below this percentage
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Investment incentives applicable to RES projects
INVESTMENT INCENTIVESIn case of investments in production facility, Government approve grant between 2000 and 5000 euros per
new job creation, minimal investment value is within the range of 1 and 3 million euros, whereas the minimal
number of new jobs is 50
An investor that invests in fixed assets, i.e. in whose fixed assets other entity invests over 600 million RSD(6.8 million EUR), and uses these assets for conducting business in Serba and during the investment period
additionally recruit at least 100 people - shall be exempted from corporate profit tax payments for the period
of 10 years proportionally with the investment made
TAX CREDITSA tax payer that made profit in newly established business unit in an underdeveloped area will receive a
corporate profit tax reduction in the duration of two years, proportional to the share of such made profit in
total profit of the company
ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS
This incentive is provided for fixed assets that are used for the prevention of air pollution, water and soil
pollution, noise reduction, energy savings, forestation, and collection and utilization of waste for industrial
raw materials and fuels
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS INCENTIVES
The law on foreign investments stipulates free import of goods that are the foreign investors nominal capital(founding capital) providing it fulfils acts regulating environment protection. Import of equipment as thefounding capital of a foreign investor, except for passenger motor vehicles and game & gambling machines,
is free from customs and other duties. Besides, a foreign investor and a company with foreign founding
capital are entitled to tax and customs related deductions in line with the law
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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