© t. m. whitmore today papua new guinea & the pacific realm (oceania)

© T. M. Whitmore

Today•Papua New Guinea & the Pacific

realm (Oceania)

© T. M. Whitmore

Announcements

•Second papers due Friday!None accepted after 5 PM Friday

No emailed papers acceptedStapled, please

•Final Exam 12 noon Monday hereReview session 7 PM, 220 Saunders

© T. M. Whitmore

Last Time•Australia & New Zealand

Physical GeographyPopulation and density issues Historical, economic, and cultural

Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

© T. M. Whitmore

Papua New Guinea & Oceania I•Size, location, and etc

Micro states (thousands of islands and many states)

Spread over thousands of miles of the Pacific

Pacific ~ a hemisphere it self virtually ½ the globe

Total land area is small Islands <4 x NCTotal area ~ 18x NC

Small pop Total ~ = NC; > 1/2 in Papua New Guinea

© T. M. Whitmore

Papua New Guinea & Oceania II

•Physical geographyTropical/equatorial wet (AF - AM) or tropical wet/dry climates (Am)

Aside from New Guinea, 2 island types “high” and “low” (i.e., volcanic mountainous islands or low coral reef islands)

Papua New Guinea has large mtn. range

High Volcanic islands

Low Atoll islands

© T. M. Whitmore

Original settlement & Colonial past

•Initial settlementOver 3000 yrs from 2500 BC

•European voyages of “discovery”1600s – 1700s

•Complex colonial histories for most

•Many still colonial possessionsFranceUSA

© T. M. Whitmore

International Law of the Sea

•Territorial waters vs “high seas”For most = 12 miles

Used to be “cannon shot” distance ~ 3 miles

•Exclusive Economic Zones 200 miles or width of the continental

shelf (whichever is larger) from shoreThus an tiny atoll can claim economic

rights (minerals & fishing etc.) to an area 200 miles across (166,000 sq mi)

John Wiley & Sons.

© T. M. Whitmore

Melanesia

•Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, FijiSome ethnic and linguistic commonality but hundreds of languages

Papua New GuineaNew CaledoniaFiji

Fiji

© T. M. Whitmore

Micronesia•Mostly micro-sized low islands •Former UN sponsored USA trust

area from former Japanese holdings from WWI

•Marshall IslandsOpen air H-bomb nuclear tests in 1950s

Bikini: the article of clothing got its name from the island in the 1950s when the H-bomb tests occurred there

Much USA aid

© T. M. Whitmore

Micronesia•Northern Mariana Islands

Commonwealth of USA (like Puerto Rico)

Large clothing industry using Chinese labor (“made in USA”)

•GuamUSA territoryLarge US military presenceSimilar “made in USA” clothing industry

© T. M. Whitmore

Polynesia

•Hawaii to N. New Zealand Samoa, Tahiti, Hawaii, etc.Amazingly wide spread cultureTourism is main industry

© W.H. Freeman & Co.