许咨宗 ppt核与粒子物理
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核与粒子物理导论Introduction to Nuclear
and Particle Physics主讲
许咨宗、伍健
2005、秋
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亚原子物理简介Cosmos and Micro-cosmosSub-atom Physics—the frontier for exploring micro-structure of matterNucleus and Particles-the Lab. For Interaction researchResearch Platform,Spectrometersand AcceleratorsThe garden for growing new thoughts and Hi-Tech
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Cosmos and Micro-cosmos
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Evolution of Cosmos
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Large Scale Structure
Out to a distance of 150 Mpc
(pc=3.086×1016m).
Galaxy positions are plotted as white points.it’ssaid there are 1011
galaxies in Cosmos
From cfA
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Our Milky Way
30kpc in dia. , 2×1011 stars
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Andromeda galaxy
2.9E6 lys from us.Several handr. Billions of Stars
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Sub-atom
the frontier for exploring micro-structure of matter
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Structure of Matter
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Most Fundamental Particles
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3 families of construction blocks
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Scales
Condense Matom
Nucleus
Particles
Q+L
10~ 10 m−
14~ 10 m−
15~ 10 m−
1810 m−≤
910 m−≥
5 010 ~10 eV−
1 410 ~10 eV
4 810 ~10 eV
8 1010 ~10 eV
1010 eV≥
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4 interactions in Cosmos
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Lab. for Interaction research
18~ 10 ( )R m weak−
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Research Platform
Accelerators:High energy particle probes
Spectrometers :Record and Transfer the signals of interactions between particles
Accelerators:High energy particle probes
Spectrometers :Record and Transfer the signals of interactions between particles
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Why High Energy
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Create New Particles
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The more EnergyThe more particles come
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Accelerators in CERN
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Largest in World
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Underground
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RHIC/BNL
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Tevatron/FNAL
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威耳荪大厦
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对撞机谱仪
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L3-Largest Spectr.
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( , , , )ie e f f f e qμ τ+ −+ → =
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Au Au X Y+ → + +
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The Garden for growing new
Philosophy and Hi-Tech
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New philosophy从经典物理到量子物理
建立科学的原子结构理论
建立唯像的原子核结构模型
中子、质子不是基本粒子
相对论时空观的建立
对称性的破缺
相互作用力的统一
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Discover X-ray
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Discover Electron
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Discover Radioactivity
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Energy Quanta
18
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Wave-Particle Duality
, 2 ,A ω πν λ=
, ,n E p
2~ , , hn A E h p kνλ
= =
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理论物理、光电效应
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电子衍射
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Quantum Mechanics
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Atom Model
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it∂
ψ = Η Ψ∂
( ) 0i mμμγ ∂ − Ψ=
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Atom has a core
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Nuclear Structure
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Nucleon structure
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相对论时空观的建立
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对称性及其破缺
Space Inversion
Symmetry Broken
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P −破缺
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NOV. -Revolution
/J ψ
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Electro－WeakUnification
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High Technology原子过程的研究，激光技术的发展
原子核过程的研究，核能的利用
推动其他领域的技术革命和技术革新
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Maser Laser
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Fission and Fission Energy
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Politics is harder than Physics-- A. Einstein
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NMR and MRI
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PET
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Open Questions4种相互作用力的统一？
粒子质量的来源？Higgs 粒子？
部分子禁闭？
对称性的破缺？
粒子物理与宇宙学的交叉
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Keep Eyes On。。。
Belle and Barbar for CP violationCDF and D0 at FNL for Top and HiggsRHIC for QGPLHC for Higgs and QGP 2007Neutrino Experiments in the world
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授课内容
实验方法（附录＋1、2章）；核与粒子的基本特性（3章）；核与粒子的非点结（4 章）
对称性与守恒定律（5、6章）
强子结构的quark 模型；粒子及其相互作用（7章＋8章？）
原子核的结构模型；原子核的衰变及原子核反应
亚原子物理与其他学科的交叉
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教材和参考书
核与粒子物理导论（许咨宗，讲义）
Introduction to High Energy Physics D.H.Perkins粒子物理与核物理讲座 高崇寿、曾谨言
Subatom Physics Hans Fraunfield
亚原子物理 汉斯 弗朗费尔德
原子核物理进展 丁大钊等
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原子核物理 卢希庭等
粒子物理 章乃森
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