history how it is made organic compounds in chocolate health benefits fun facts written assignment...

The Chemistry of Chocolate

Hartise Presley

• History• How It is Made• Organic Compounds in Chocolate • Health Benefits • Fun Facts• Written Assignment

Topics to Cover

Mesoamericas 200 BC Currency 1519

Hernán Cortés

History

Theobroma cocoa Greek

Theos= god ; broma = food (“Food of the Gods”)

Natively found in Central and South America

Cultivation Ivory Coast

How Chocolate is Made

• Seeds = beans• Pulp

• Roasting• Aroma• Flavor

• Cocoa “nibs” ground• Chocolate Liquor • Cocoa butter extraction• White chocolate

Opened Cocoa pod

Roasting Cocoa seeds

Cocoa “nibs”

Main Types of Chocolate

Dark Purest Mostly chocolate liquor

Milk Some chocolate liquor and

cocoa butter Milk fat

White No chocolate liquor (cocoa

solids) Mostly cocoa butter

Xanthine Alkaloids Theobromine Phenylethylamine Caffeine

Lecithin (soy) Anandamide Flavonoids Sugars Tannins Many others….

Organic Compounds in Chocolate

Derived from xanthine High concentration in

chocolate Blocks adenosine in the

brain to reduce sleepiness

Toxicity to animals Metabolism

TheobromineHN

NN

N

O

O

CH3

CH3

HN

NN

HN

O

O

Xanthine

• Known for psychoactive stimulant effects • Amphetamine • ADD (Adderall)

• Norepinephrine and Dopamine

Phenylethylamine NH2

NH2

CH3

Amphetamine

Phenylethylamine

NH2HO

HO

Dopamine NH2HO

HO

OH

Norepinephrine

Found only in small quantities Theobromine vs. Caffeine

Theobromine’s stimulant effects last longer than caffeine

Caffeine is fast acting Caffeine has stronger effect Withdrawal Addiction

Caffeine in the body Metabolism

Caffeine

N

NN

N

O

O

CH3

CH3

H3C

Lecithin (Soy)

• Soy Lecithin• emulsifier

Antioxidant

effects Flavan-3-ol

Flavonoids/Flavols

Diuretic Reduces heart disease Reduces chance of stroke Cough suppressant Tooth Decay Prevention Anti- oxidant

Dark chocolate

Health Benefits

Lethal Dose German chocolate cake was actually

named after an American named Sam German

Mayans sometimes used chocolate for baptisms

People suffering from depression eat about twice as much chocolate as other people

One chocolate chip provides enough energy for someone to walk 150 feet

Random Facts

Written Assignment

• Drugs Society & Human Behavior by. Carl L. Hart, Charles Ksir, and Oakley Ray• Organic Chemistry by. Paula Yurkanis Bruice• http://ulecology.com/piclib/241.jpg• http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2010/09/29/3966964/compressedcomal.jpg• http://

images6.fanpop.com/image/photos/33300000/Cocoa-beans-chocolate-33389867-800-600.jpg

• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_O5yqxEV-CkA/TM25OD8J1_I/AAAAAAAAARo/2M1GJ9jIPPc/s1600/Cocoa-bean-split-open.png

• http://chocolatelovers.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dog_chocolate-e1295305464721-266x300.jpg

• http://s4.favim.com/orig/50/chocolate-comfort-console-cry-depression-Favim.com-458047.jpg

• https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7140/7713808438_e482aecc71.jpg• http://www.olympiacandy.com/assets/images/category-images/chocolate-coins.jpg• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/892591.stm• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Cortes.jpg• http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/Fat/FatImg/lecithin.jpg

References

http://www.athenapub.com/chocolat.htm http://facts-about-chocolate.com/how-is-chocolate-made/ http://racetams.net/2014/07/23/phenylethylamine-chocolate-bene

fits/ http://www.factslides.com/s-Chocolate http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highs

chool/chemmatters/chocolate-the-new-health-food-or-is-it.pdf http://thestoryofchocolate.com/What/content.cfm?ItemNumber=3

439&navItemNumber=3442 http://www.xocoatl.org/science.htm http://www.amanochocolate.com/articles/how-much-caffeine-is-in-

chocolate/ http://www.xocoatl.org/caffeine.htm http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/anandami

de.shtml http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301923 http://www.cocoavia.com/mars-and-cocoa-flavanols/ http://facts.randomhistory.com/chocolate-facts.html http://brewedchoc.com/theobromine-vs-caffeine/ http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/95/3/740.full http://www.everydayhealth.com/cold-and-flu/1210/chocolate-a-cur

e-for-the-common-cough-4924.aspx

References