eukaryotes, not members of the kingdoms plantae, animalia, or fungi most unicellular but not all ...

PROTISTS

Protists

Eukaryotes, not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi

Most unicellular but not all Protista= very first

Evolution of Protists

Symbiosis of several cells Mitochondria/chloroplasts live inside

larger cells

Classification of Protists

Animal-like protists-obtain food like heterotrophs

Plant-like protists- obtain food like autotrophs

Fungus-like protists- decomposers or parasites

Phylums of Animal Like Protists

Zooflagellates Movement: use flagellum to move Food: Absorb food through cell

membrane Reproduction: asexually/sexually

Sarcodines

Movement: pseudopodsAmoeboid movement- cytoplasm streams

into pseudopod Food: pseudopods capture take into

food vacuole Reproduce: Mitosis/Cytokinesis

Foraminiferans- SarcodineSecretes calcium carbonate

Ciliates

Movement: cilia propel Food: Cilia move food into gullet, force

food into food vacuole Waste material emptied when food

vacuole fuses with anal pore Contractile vacuoles- cavities

specialized to collect water

Ciliates= Paramecium

Trichocysts- small bottle shaped structures used for defense

Danger= stiff projections that protect cell

Two nuclei› Macronucleus- keeps genes for day to day

use› Micronucleus- contains reserve copy of

cells genes

Reproduction: asexually mitosis/cytokinesis

Conjugation- exchange genetic material

Sporozoans

Movement: not on their own/ parasitic Reproduction: sporozoites Diseases: malaria

Plantlike Protists

Algae 7 major phylums

› 4- unicellular› 3- multicellular

Use photosynthesis- › Chlorophyll a› Chlorophyll b› Chlorophyll c› Accessory pigments› Allow use of different light wavelengths

Unicellular Plant like Protists

Euglenophytes aka Euglena

Movement: Two flagellum Pellicle- cell membrane Food: Eye spot- cluster of reddish

pigment for photosynthesis Can live as heterotrophs-absorb food Reproduce: Asexually- binary fission

Chrysophytes

Yellow/green algae and gold/brown algae

Have gold colored chloroplasts

Diatoms

Produce thin, delicate call walls rich in silicon (component of glass)

Cell walls – different patterns like etched glass

Dinoflagellates

½ photosynthetic ½ heterotrophic 2 flagellum Luminescent- shimmer when agitated

Ecology of unicellular Algae

Make up the base of aquatic food chains

Phytoplankton- ½ of photosynthesis on earth

Red Tide

Protists release dangerous toxins Shell fish eat the protists = trap toxin Human eating shell fish become very

sick› Paralysis› death

Multicellular Plant like Protists

1. Red algae- coral reefs2. Brown algae- Kelp3. Green algae

› Unicellular › Colonial (volvox)› Multicellular (ulva)

Spirogyra- Green colonial algae› Live in water› Multicellular› Spiral shaped chloroplasts

Fungus like Protists

Heterotrophs/decomposers Slime molds or water molds Water molds responsible for the Irish

Great Potato Famine