avignon great schism john wycliffe jan hus bubonic plague hundred years’ war joan of arc

Avignon Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Hus Bubonic plague Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc

Pope and King collide

Pope Boniface tried to enforce papal authority on kings

King Philip IV asserted authority over bishops

Boniface said that kings must always obey popes

My master’s sword is made of steel, his sword is made of words

Philip held pope as a prisoner in 1303

King wanted to put him on trial

Pope rescued and died one month later

Philip IV had College of Cardinals pick a French bishop as Pope

Clement IV moved from Rome to Avignon› Pope would live

there for 69 years This move

weakened the church

• Pope Urban IV was picked an Italian

• Pope Urban IV was a reformer

• Cardinals picked a second pope Clement VII

• French pope in Avignon and Italian pope in Rome

Great Schism- the split of the church

1414 Council of Constance tried to pick just one pope

Now there were three popes

All popes resigned 1417 one pop

picked

• John Wycliffe-preached Jesus Christ not the pope was the head of the church

• Offended by the worldly wealth of the clergy

• Clergy should not own land or have wealth

• Bible not pope the final authority

• English translation of the Bible

• Jan Hus- professor in Bohemia taught bible higher authority then the pope

• 1412 he was excommunicated

• 1414 he was tried as a heretic

• 1415 burned at the stake

1300’s Asia, North Africa, and Europe

1/3 of the population dies

Bubonic plague-deadly disease

Epidemic ripped communities apart

• Began in Asia• 1347 Genoese

fleets arrived in Sicily with the Plague

• Known as black death– Purplish black

spots on skin• From Italy to Spain,

France, Germany and North Africa

Took four years to reach all of Europe

25 million Europeans die

Many more in Africa and Asia

Struck every few years

Manorial system began to crumble

Town population fell Trade declined, prices

rose Peasant revolts in

England, France and Italy

Jews blamed for the plague driven from their home’s, persecuted

Church loss of prestige, prayers failed, priests left

England and France fought on French soil

Edward III was a grandson of Philip IV claimed French throne

1337-1453 was started by Edward

Went back and forth 1421-1453 English

drive out

Changed style of warfare

Some warriors under chivalry

Newer foot soldiers and archers

Introduced by the English

First battle was Crecy

1346 English outnumbered 3 to 1

French had knights, crossbows

Thousands of arrows flew

Caused a retreat and panic

Knights trampled the crossbows

Volley after volley Knights left on the

ground Knights slaughtered

by English with knives

1/3 of French Army was killed

Longbow won the day

Knights would become extinct

Battle of Poitiers and Battle of Agincourt

1420 French an English signed a treaty

Henry V would inherit the French crown

Joan of Arc- 1429 French teenage peasant

Move by god to rescue France

Age 13 had visions an hear voices of the saints

Urged her to drive English from France

1429 Joan led a French Army

Joan and a few troops charged the fort, French army followed

Joan of Arc ended the siege of Orleans

Charles crowned King of France

English captured Joan

Charles did not help her

She was burned at the stake as a witch

Ended 1453 Feeling of nationalism

in France an England› Fight for glory of the

country› King national leader

Power an prestige of French Monarchs

England internal turmoil, War of the Roses, fought for throne

End of Hundred years War end of the “Middle Ages”

Religious devotion and chivalry crumble› Great schism› Display of wealth

by the church› Discrediting church

during plague