كارگاه آشنايی با مفاهيم و کاربرد علمسنجي در نظامهای...
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كارگاه آشنايی با مفاهيم و
کاربرد علم سنجي در نظام های
ارزشيابی و رتبه بندی دکتر پيام کبيریدانشگاهی
پزشک، دکتری اپيدميولوژيعضو کميته راهبردی علم سنجی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش
پزشکیرئيس سابق مرکز علم سنجی و پايش علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی
اصفهانرئيس مرکز تامين منابع الکترونيک و ارتقای نشريات دانشگاه علوم
پزشکی تهران
اهداف کارگاه
آشنايی با همکاران واحد های علم سنجی 1.دانشگاه ها
تاريخ چه شکل گيری واحد علم سنجی وزارت 2.بهداشت
بيان شرح وظايف واحد های علم سنجی و 3.انتظارات
آموزش اصول و مبانی علم سنجی، پايش و 4.ارزشيابی
علم سنجي، مفاهيم و کاربرد آن
Payam Kabiri, MD. PhD.Epidemiologist
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
! برنامه کارگاه امروزاطالع سنجی و علم سنجی، مفاهيم و کاربردمعرفی خالصه شاخص های علم سنجیآشنايی با نمايه نامه های استنادی جستجو و تحليل استنادی در مجموعه هایISI Web of
Science ر مجالت ياثتضريبImpact Factor و بازيابي آن معرفیJournal Citation Report (JCR) معرفی شاخص H-Index ،آشنايی با نظام های رتبه بندی دانشگاه ها در جهان
شاخص ها و معيار ها
Scientometrics (bibliometrics)
Scientometrics (bibliometrics) - The measurement of scientific output activity through statistics on academic publications
• The scope of bibliometrics includes:
“all quantitative aspects and models of science communication, storage, dissemination and retrieval of scientific information”.
سنجی تعريف علم
ی را که به تحليلqآن دسته از روش های کمعلم بعنوان يک فرآيند اطالعاتی تأکيد دارند
”علم سنجی“ می نامند. علم سنجی“ به تعبيری ساده تر عبارت است”
گير علم. از دانش اندازه
Scientometrics
informetrics
bibliometrics
scientometrics
webometrics
cybermetrics
Informetrics broader than bibliometrics and scientometrics Informetrics examines patterns that show up
not only in publications but also in many aspects of life as long as the patterns deal with information.
e.g. Willis Law deals with the relationships between the age of a group of the animal and plant species and the habitation of these species
its concepts, formulas applicable to publication patterns.
Bibliometric data used for..
Scientific output evaluation Impact Citations
History of science Publication strategies Science policy; resource allocation Collection management Sociology of science Information organization Information management & utilization
Webometrics
Informetrics
Mathematics/Physics
Library andInformation Science
Sociology of science
History of science
Economics
Scientific information
Services for
Research in
Librarianship
Science policyResearch management
Scientometricsapplied
basicLife sciences
Links of bibliometrics with related research fields and application services
International
National
Institutional
Faculty
Researchers
• Grant Allocations• Policy Decisions• Benchmarking• Promotion• Collection management• Funding allocations• Research
Why do we evaluate scientific output?
SPLIT IN NEEDS
SPLIT IN NEEDS
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26-7
برابری شمار مقاالت ايران در 11رشد مقايسه با ميانگين جهانی
www.science-metrix.com
مقايسه فراواني مقاالت و ارجاعات صورت گرفته به مقاالت منتشرشده دانشگاه علوم پزشکي تهران و
دانشگاه تهران با دانشگاه های رتبه يکصدم و دويستم تايمز 2009در رتبه بندی سال Scopusدنيا در مجموعه
THS-QS
نسبت ارجاع
به مقاله
نسبت ارجاع
به عضو هيئت علمي
تعداد اعضاي هيئت علمي
تعداد ارجاعات
به 5مقاالت ساله اخير
Scopus
تعداد 5مقاالت
ساله در Scopus
کشور نام دانشگاهرتبه دانشگا
ه
10/61 85/9 772 66343 6254 آمريکا Riceدانشگاه 100
6/04 37/4 1000 37403 6193 هلنددانشگاه Twente
200
3/81 0/48 4321 2093 549اندونز
یدانشگاه اندونزی
201
2/37 9/6 3243 31030 11359 ايران
دانشگاه علوم پزشکي
تهران و دانشگاه
تهران
368
Databases
General Databases(Comprehensive OR Core Databases)
Specialized Databases(Subjects Specified Databases)
General Databases(Comprehensive OR Core Databases)
Medical SciencesMedlineEmbase
All SciencesWeb of SciencesScopus
Biological Abstracts International Pharmaceutical Abstract PsychInfo CINAHL Chemical Abstracts Agricola Econlite
Specialized Databases(Subjects Specified Databases)
Citation Databases
Web of Science Scopus Google Scholar
(http://scholar.google.com)
3 Types of Citation Data Indexes
Articles Citation Impact
Authors Number of papers (Quantity) Number of Citations (Quality) Average number of citations/article h-index & g-index (Quantity & Quality Both)
Journals Journal Impact Factor h-index
A Sample of a Sceintometery Report
نمونه ايميل ارسالی برای مکاتبه برای ادغام تنوع های نوشتاری
Scopusاسامی افراد در Dear Colleague
This is a request to merge the papers of an author in our university which his papers divided in two author affiliation format. His name is Reza Madani & unfortunately his total papers are divided mainly in his 2 separate author identities as Author ID's 36601112600 & 9246620000. Of course all the 2 authors-affiliation listed below, are really his own papers. As these two Author ID really belong to one person & he is Reza Madani, I appreciate you if you merge these 2 together in one Author ID. Your action & attention is appreciated.
Best Regards Payam Kabiri
آدرس ارسال ايميل:ScopusAuthorFeedback@elsevier.com
تنوع آدرس دهی مقاالت دانشگاه های علوم ISI Web of Scienceپزشکی تيپ يک کشور در
تنوعآدرسها
نام دانشگاه رتبه
88 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تهران 1
46 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شيراز 2
25 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي ايران 3
48 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتي 4
45 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تبريز 5
47 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي مشهد 6
80 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اصفهان 7
31 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كرمان 8
46 دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اهواز 9
منبع:F Aminpour, P Kabiri, MA Boroumand et al. Iranian Medical Universities in SCIE: evaluation of address variation. In Scientometrics. (2010) 85: 53-63
Affilaitionتالش برای درج صحيح دانشگاه در مقاالت توسط
نويسندگان
Other Tools Available
Other bibliometric indicators:Journal Citation Reports (JCR)Other indicators databases (national,
essential, university, institutional)ISIHighlyCited.com
Scopus
Positioning itself as an alternative to ISI More journals from smaller publishers and open access
(+18,000 journals; +1000 conf proceedings) Source data back to 1960. Excellent for physical and biological sciences; poor for
social sciences; does not cover humanities or arts. Better international coverage (60% of titles are non-US) Back to 1996 ! (e.g. citation data for the last decade
only) Easy to use in searching for source publications; clumsy
in searching cited publications. Citation tracker works up to 1000 records only.
Google Scholar Better coverage for all citations as it retrieve
web ! More coverage of references also gray literature ! Coverage and scope? Inclusion criteria? Very limited search options No separate cited author search Back to 1990 NOT more ! Free!
Web of Science(Now Thomson Reuter ISI)
Covers around 10,000 journal titles and 110,000 conference proceedings & alos 200 book series divided between SCI, SSCI and A&HCI.
Over 40 million records! Electronic back files available to 1900 for SCI
and mid- 50s for SSCI and mid-70s for A&HCI. Very good coverage of sciences; patchy on
“softer” sciences, social sciences and arts and humanities.
Full coverage of citations.
Science, 77
Social Sciences, 14
Arts & Humanities,
9
WoS and Scopus: Subject Coverage (% of total records)
WoS SCOPUS
Google Scholar ?
Biological & Environmental Sciences, 13
Social Sciences, 2
Physical Sciences, 25
Health & Life Sciences, 60
Web of Science
If a journal is in Web of Science, it means it should have Impact Factor & vice versa.
Don’t confuse Web of Sciences Journals with ISI Master list Journals !
Web of Science indexed about 10,000 Journals while ISI Master List 14,000 Journals.
The Journal Impact Factor
The Journal Impact Factor is calculated for those journals only which are indexed & included in Web of Sciences Databases, NOT more !
The database which contain the Journal Impact Factors is Journal Citation Report abbreviated JCR.
What is Journal Impact Factor?
The average citation frequency for articles published in a journal, or how many times, on average, during the study year the articles that appeared in the 2 preceding years of that journal received citations in other (ISI) indexed journals only.
Impact Factor Calculation
Citations in the current JCR year to articles published in the previous two years divided by the number of articles published in the previous two years.
Citations in 2007 to articles published in 2005 + 2006
IF=
Total 2005 + 2006 Papers
2007 2006 2005
Source paper – published in 2007
Cited reference – published in 2007
Cited reference – published in 2006 or 2005
Citation
Immediacy Index
Impact Factor
All Previous Years
Cited ½ Life
How to Find Impact Factors?
Directly from Journal Citation Report Database through ISI.
Using the Excel & PDF Datasheets, prepared especially for this matter. www.hbi.irwww.sid.ir
2010 Impact Factors
شاخص جدي�دي از ش�اخص هاي علم س�نجي اس�ت. اينسال در توسط 2005شاخص ميالدي Jorge
Hirsch در دانش�گاه کاليفرني�ا اب�داع ش�د. اين ش�اخصدر واق�ع ب�ا ه�دف ارزي�ابي کيفي اث�ر و ارزي�ابي کمي
برون داد پژوهشي محققين ابداع شده است.
The h-index
مفه�ومH-Index از تع�داد مق�االت نويس�نده عب�ارت اس�ت �و ي�ا� کم�تر ا�ز آن� د�ارن�د. مثال hک�ه� ت�ع�داد �ار�جا�ع�ات ب�راب�ر� ب�ا
باش�د، مفه�وم آن اين� اس�ت 5محقق�ي H-Index چنان چ�ه� د�ار�د �ک�ه �هر�ک�دا�م 5ک�ه� �اي�ن �محق�ق ش�د�ه م�ن�تش�ر �م�قال�ه
دا�رن�د.� ب�ه ع�ب�ا�رت� �دي�گ�ر مفه�وم �Citation �اس�تناد ي�ا� 5ح�د�ا�ق�ل از� � ک�م�تر� مح�ق�ق ت �ا�ين س�اير� �م�ق�اال� ک�ه ا�س�ت 5آن �ا�ين
استناد دارند. امروزه اين شاخص معادل Impact Factor براي
محققين محسوب مي شود.
The h-index
The H-index: a definition
‘The H-index is the highest number of papers a scientist has that have at least that number of citations.’ Nature (2005)
H-index was born !
We need an Index both to include quantity & also quality of an authors' paperProductivity Impact
Not affected by “big hits”Not affected by “noise”
H-index Concept through its Graph
The h - Graph
How to calculate the h-index?
You can calculate the h-index through the following citation databases:
Web of Science Scopus Google Scholar
(http://scholar.google.com)
h-index Calculation through Google Scholar
To calculate h-index thriough Google Scholar, you shodul use the 3rd parties services.
Some softwares has been developed for this matter, like: Publish or Perish
Publish or Perish Software
You can download from: http://www.harzing.com/
It’s a free software which can be dwonloaded directlfy at: http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm
Publish or Perish Software
بزرگ�ترين ش�اخصh ب�ه ح�وزه عل�وم دني�ا مرب�وط در محقق�ان h و بزرگ�ترين �ش�اخص 197زي�س�تی بر�اب�ر ب�ا �
ش�يم�ی ا�س�تا�د پ�ور جن�ا�ب �آق�ای� �دک�تر� ش�مس�ی� ا�ي�را�ن ع��دد� ب��ا� کرم�انش��اه ر�از�ی �47براب��ر hد�ان�ش��گا�ه
*می باشد.
1390مربوط است به سال *
The highest h-index in the World & Iran
Edward WittenPhysicist
h=132
Stephen HawkingPhysicist
h=62
But more people know who I am!
My h-index is bigger than yours!
بررسي اجمالي نظام هاي ارزشيابي و رتبه بندي
دانشگاه ها، مراكز تحقيقاتي و پژوهشگران
دکتر پيام کبيریپزشک، دکتری اپيدميولوژي
رئيس مرکز تامين منابع الکترونيک و ارتقای نشريات
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
HumanCapital
EducationMission
Ed
uca
tion
al
Go
vern
an
ce
Teaching andLearning
ResearchMission
Re
sea
rchG
ove
rna
nce
ResearchOperation
Knowledge
EntrepreneurshipMission
En
trep
ren
eu
rial
Go
vern
an
ceAcademy-Industry
Relationship
Wealth
ServiceMission
Clin
ical
Go
vern
an
ce
Clinical ServicesPublic Health
Health
Comprehensive Map
1)Colledge Ranking Methodology from Wharton & Harvard2)Times Higher world university Ranking3)Top 100 Global Universities (By Newsweek Magazine)4)Webometrics Ranking of Universesities5)Stanford Rankings6)The U.S News & World Report ranking of US universities7)The Washington Monthly's "college Rankings”8)Ranking of U.S Universities by University of Florida the center9)Maclean's Canadian University Rankings10)Higher Education statistics Agency (HESA) Ranking of U.K
Universities.11)Academic Ranking of world Universities (By shanghai Jiao Tong
University)
برخي از روش هاي رتبه بندي ها دانشگاه
The Times Higher Education - QS World University Rankings
Times Higher Education, a British publication that reports specifically on issues related to higher education, in association with Quacquarelli Symonds, annually publishes the THES - QS World University Rankings, a list of 200 ranked universities from around the world.
In comparison with other rankings, many more non-American universities populate the upper tier of the THES ranking. The THES - QS ranking faces criticism due to the more subjective nature of its assessment criteria, which are largely based on a 'peer review' system of 1000 scholars and academics in various fields.
The Times Higher EducationSupplement
Criteria Indicator Weight
Quality of
ResearchersPeer review 40%
Quality of
Research Output
Total citations
1995-200520%
Quality of Graduates
Employer opinion 10%
Quality of Teaching Environment
Staff: student ratio 20%
International
FacultyPercentage of
international staff5%
International Students
Percentage of international
students5%
Academic Ranking of World Universities
Compiled by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, which was a large-scale Chinese project to provide independent rankings of universities around the world primarily to measure the gap between Chinese and "world class" universities.
The results have often been cited by The Economist magazine in ranking universities of the world .
Academic Ranking of World Universities
As with all rankings, there are issues of methodology, and one of the primary criticisms of the ranking is its bias towards the natural sciences, over other subjects and science journals in the Anglosphere.
This is evidenced by the inclusion of criteria such as the volume of articles published by Science or Nature (both Journals devoted to the natural sciences published in English), or the number of Nobel Prize winners (which are predominantly awarded to the physical sciences) and Fields Medalists (mathematics).
However, a 2007 paper from the peer-reviewed journal Scientometrics finds that the results from the Shanghai university rankings are irreproducible
روش دانشگاه شانگهايوزن كد معرف معيار
رديف
10%فارغ
التحصيلان
فارغ التحصيالن يك دانشگاه يا موسسه كه جوايز نوبل يا
فليدرا دريافت كرده اندكيفيت آموزش 1
20%20%
جايزه Hici
پرسنل يك دانشكده يا مركز كه جوايز نوبل يا فيلد را
دريافت كرده اندمحققان فوق العاده ارجاع شده
(Highly Cited Researchers)
كيفيت دانشگاه يا مركز تحقيقاتي
2
20% N&Sمقاالت منتشر شده در مجله
Nature يا science برون ده تحقيقاتي
3
20% SCI SSCI يا SCIمقاالت
10% اندازه عملكرد آكادميك با توجه به
اندازه سازماناندازه سازمان 4
100% جمع كل
Criteria Indicator Weight
Research
OutputArticles published in
Nature & Science20%
Research
OutputArticles in Citation
Indices20%
Quality of Education
Alumni winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals10%
Quality of
Staff
Staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields
Medals20%
Quality of
StaffHighly cited researchers
20%
Size of institutionPerformance relative
to size10%
Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityRankings
Impact of a MedicalSchool in any RankingExercise
Total CitationsCitations Excluding
Clinical Medicine
Harvard Harvard
John Hopkins Stanford
Stanford Berkeley
Washington MIT
UC San Francisco
Tokyo
UC Los Angeles Washington
UC San Diego UC San Diego
Michigan John Hopkins
Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/
The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities is produced by the Cybermetrics Lab (CINDOC), a unit of the National Research Council (CSIC), the main public research body in Spain.
It offers information about more than 4,000 universities according to their web-presence (a computerized assessment of the scholarly contents and visibility and impact of the whole university webdomain).
The Webometrics Ranking is built from a database of over 15,000 universities and more than 5,000 research centers.
The ranking started in 2004 and is based on a combined indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web contents and the visibility and impact of this web publications according to the number of external inlinks they received.
The ranking is updated every January and July, providing Web indicators for universities and research centers worldwide. This approach takes into account the wide range of scientific activities represented in the academic websites, frequently overlooked by the bibliometric indicators.
Webometric indicators are provided to show the commitment of the institutions to Web publication. Thus, Universities of high academic quality may be ranked lower than expected due to a restrained web publication policy.
Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/
Size (S). Number of pages recovered from four engines: Google, Yahoo, Live Search and Exalead.
Visibility (V). The total number of unique external links received (inlinks) by a site can be only confidently obtained from Yahoo Search, Live Search and Exalead.
Rich Files (R). Number of Adobe Acrobat (.pdf), Adobe PostScript (.ps), Microsoft Word (.doc) and Microsoft Powerpoint (.ppt). These data were extracted using Google, Yahoo Search, Live Search and Exalead.
Scholar (Sc). Google Scholar provides the number of papers and citations for each academic domain. These results from the Scholar database represent papers, reports and other academic items.
Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/
Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/
Webometric Ranking Weights http://www.webometrics.info/
Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/
Essential Science Indicators
Essential Science Indicators (ESI) is a resource that enables researchers to conduct ongoing, quantitative analyses of research performance and track trends in science.
Covering a multidisciplinary selection of 11,000+ journals from around the world, this in-depth analytical tool offers data for ranking scientists, institutions, countries, and journals.
Based on journal article publication counts and citation data from Thomson Scientific databases.
Available as a ten-year rolling file, ESI covers 10 million articles in 22 specific fields of research, and is updated every two months.
Essential Science Indicators In-depth analytical tool offering data for ranking
scientists, institutions, countries, and journals. Explore science performance statistics and science
trends data, based on journal article publication counts and citation data
Determine research output and impact in specific fields of research
Evaluate potential employees, collaborators, reviewers, and peers
Links to Web of Science.
Essential Science Indicators
Essential Science Indicators provides answers to your questions: What are the most cited papers in immunology? What are the emerging research areas in agricultural sciences? What country has the highest impact in chemical research? Who are the most highly cited authors in the field of molecular biology? What are the top journals in geosciences? With Essential Science Indicators, you can: Analyze research performance of companies, institutions, nations, and journals. Identify significant trends in the sciences and social sciences. Rank top countries, journals, scientists, papers, and institutions by field of
research. Determine research output and impact in specific fields of research. Evaluate potential employees, collaborators, reviewers, and peers.
:نتايج رتبه بندیhttp://ur.isc.gov.ir/IR_ICU.aspx
رتبه بندي دانشگاه هاي
جهان اسالم
تاريخچه
م�الزي نماين�دگان كش�ورهاي جه�ان 2003در نشس�ت س�ال در ح�وزه ع�لم و تكنول�وژي را ت�دوين 1441اس�الم چ�ش�م ان�د�از
ك�ه كش�و�رهاي همي�اري �هم�ديگر OIC نمودن�د و ه�مك�ار�ي ب�ا تب�د�يل ب�ه ي�ك �جامع�ه �علمي ش�و�ند و �در �بحث عل�وم و تكنول�وژي ب�ه تب�ديل آن س�ايه� در� و داش�ته �باش�ند گفتن ب�راي ح�رفي
ج�وامعي پيشرفت�ه از ن�ظر اجتماع�ي- اقتصاد�ي شون�د. س�ال نشس�ت در بع�دا حقيقت 2005 اين ، مكرم�ه مك�ه
دانش�گاه بر�ت�ر دني�ا� تع�دا�د بس�يار كمي 500مط�رح ش�د �ك�ه د�ر م ق�ر�ار دا�رن�د ك�ه اي�د�ه رتب�ه بن�دي از� دانش�گ�اه ه�اي جه�ان اس�ال�
ا�ز هم�ان ج�ا ش�كل گ�رفت. ب�دين ص�ورت ك�ه OICدانش�گاه� هاي� آ�ن ت�وس�ط ك�ه گ�ردد� برت�ر 20مك�انيز�مي �ط�راح�ي �دانش�گاه
ج�ه�ان اس�الم ش�ناخته� ش�ده و س�پس �ب�ا حم�اي�ت ه�ا�يي ك�ه از اين د�ر را بت�وان �آنه�ا� ه�ا مي �ش�ود برت�ر 500دا�نش�گاه� دانش�گاه
جهان قرا�ر داد�.70
ادامه
در نشست وزراي علوم كشورهايOIC در سال كويت در مورد روشها و متد هاي رتبه بندي 2006
بحث شده و كميته اي تعريف شد كه وظيفه آن مطالعه روش هاي مختلف موجود رتبه بندي در دنيا و تدوين روشي براي رتبه بندي دانشگاه كشورهاي
OIC.تعريف گرديد تهران اين كميته در 2007در نشست ماه دوم سال
تهران تشكيل جلسات متعددي داده و پيش نويس روش رتبه بندي توليد شد. نهايتا در ارديبهشت
و در نشست تهران اين مستند نهايي گرديد.1386
71
معيارهاي ارزيابي
وزن کل معيار
50 پژوهشي
35 آموزشي
7 وجهه بين المللي
3 امکانات
5فعاليتهاي اجتماعي -
اقتصادي
72
پژوهش
وزن شاخص
15 A1کيفيت پژوهشي :
15 A2کارايي پژوهشي :
8 A3حجم پژوهش :
5 A4نرخ رشد کيفيت پژوهشي :
5 A5نرخ رشد کارايي پژوهشي :
2 A6جوايز :
آموزش
وزن شاخص6 B1اعضاي هيات علمي داراي جايزه :
8B2 اساتيد پراستناد ) در استاندارد : ISI و
(OICاستاندارد
4B3 نسبت اعضاي هيات علمي داراي :
مدرک دکترا به کل اعضاي هيات علمي
3 B4فارغ التحصيالن داراي جايزه :
3B5 فارغ التحصيالن پراستناد ) در :
(OIC و استاندارد ISIاستاندارد
74
(ادامهآموزش )
3 B6 :نسبت اعضاي هيات علمي به دانشجو
3 B7 : نسبت دانشجويان تحصيالت تکميلي به کل دانشجويان
3 B8 : نرخ رشد دانشجويان تحصيالت تکميلي
3 B9 : دانشجويان داراي جايزه در المپيادهاي بين المللي
75
وجهه بين المللي
وزن شاخص
2C1 : نسبت اعضاي هيات علمي بين المللي به
کل اعضاي هيات علمي
1C2 : نسبت دانشجويان بين المللي به کل
دانشجويان
1.5C3 : نسبت اعضاي هيات علمي داراي مدرک
دکترا خارجي به کل اعضاي هيات علمي داراي مدرک دکترا
1.5 C4 : کنفرانسهاي بين المللي
1C5 : تعداد برنامه همکاريهاي بين المللي(
(تعداد ذينفع هاو هاي کاربردي
76
امکانات
وزن شاخص
1D1 هر به ازايتعداد عناوين کتاب : سرانه
دانشجو
1D2 : تعداد مجالت / نشريات دوره اي )چاپي يا
الکترونيکي(
1D3 : تعداد موسسات / مراکز تحقيقاتي
دانشگاه
77
معيار اجتماعي - اقتصادي
وزن شاخص2.5 E1 :درآمد قراردادها و مشاوره ها
1 E2دوره هاي بازآموزي :
1E3 : برنامه هاي کارآفريني و ارتباط با
صنعت
0.5 E4 : تعداد مراکز رشد و شرکتهايspin-off
78
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