amin arbabian - stanford engineering - internet of things as connected intelligence - radios for...
DESCRIPTION
Today most people on Earth are connected through wired or wireless networks, or both. The next leap in connectivity will give people the ability to control objects and machines. The Internet of Everything (IoE) will tag objects with tiny wireless devices for communication, computation and sensing. Some projections show demand for such IoE smart sensors will grow from billions to trillions within a decade. The essential enabling technology is an ultra-low power smart radio to provide a unique IP address and location. In this talk, Amin Arbabian discusses how he developed an ant-sized wireless-powered radio chip that costs pennies to fabricate– making it cheap enough to become the missing link to enable the Internet of Everything.TRANSCRIPT
ENGINEERING
IoE as Connected Intelligence: Radios for this new Era
December 4th 2014
Amin Arbab ian
EE Depar tment S tan fo rd Un ive rs i t y
ENGINEERING
Internet of Everything
Network Source: General Electric
Source: GreenPeak Technologies Source: BrivoLabs
Source: Qualcomm
Source: Rockwell Automation
?
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Image: Reuters
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Other Examples?
4
Dr. Martin Cooper
Cellular Phones, 1970’s
Electricity, 1800’s
Today
Today
ENGINEERING5
Source: Business Insider
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How To Design Wireless Connectivity For The Trillion “Things” Era?
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Inside a “Small” Radio
7
Cost, Footprint, and Scalability
Dust Networks
Nordic nRF24L01
Power Source: Battery
Antenna Chip/
Package/Other
Timing Reference
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Connecting a Trillion Things: Most of IoE Connectivity will be EXTREMELY ASYMMETRIC
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Eliminating the Battery: Wireless Power
9
Nikola Tesla 1899
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Delivering Wireless Power to mm-Sized Sensors at a Distance
Distance-to-Size ratio
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Powering the Ant-Sized Radio
11
Not to scale! Sensor Node
• TX: Inefficient Power Delivery and Focusing • RX: Poor Power Pick-Up Efficiency
Wavelength Mismatch:
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Wireless Power Delivery Optimal Freq. for wireless power delivery: § Assuming a fixed antenna gain for TX and RX
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Wireless Power Delivery Optimal Freq. for wireless power delivery: § Assuming a fixed aperture for TX and RX
mm-Wave
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More Detailed Calculations
0-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Frequency (GHz)
(c)(a)
(d)(b)
Rece
ived
Pow
er (d
Bm)
Qc=5 Qc=10 Qc=20
-700 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20Re
ceiv
ed P
ower
(dBm
)
Frequency (GHz)
Qc=5 Qc=10 Qc=20
-400.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
Rece
ived
Pow
er (d
Bm)
Range (m)
Freq=4GHz Freq=10GHz Freq=20GHz
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9Range (m)
-55
-45-40
-50
-35-30-25
-20-15
-10
Rece
ived
Pow
er (d
Bm)
Freq=4GHz Freq=10GHz Freq=20GHz
Calculations for a mm-sized sensor
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Proposed Solution
15
Incoming Messages also used to Power Up the Radios
mm-Wave Downlink (power and data)
Uplink mm-Wave
IoT Radios
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Entire Radio on a Single Ant-Sized Chip
Image: Shutterstock
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• True single-chip solution- Nothing else connected • Wireless energy delivery, synchronization,
communication, and multi-access • Achieves 12Mbps for UL, Standby power <1.5µW
Entire Radio Weighs 1mg
M. Tabesh, M. Rangwala, A. M. Niknejad, A. Arbabian, “A Power-Harvesting Pad-Less mm-Sized 24/60GHz Passive Radio with On-Chip Antennas,” VLSI Circuits (VLSIC), 2014 Symposium on. IEEE, 2014.
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Ant-Sized Radio in Action
18
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Next Stop: Human Body
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Jan M. Rabaey Jan M. Rabaey L. Alarcon, F. Burghardt, D. Chen, A. Ercan, L. Alarcon, F. Burghardt, D. Chen, A. Ercan, S. Gambini, A. Kumar, Y.M. Li, T.T. Liu, M. Mark, S. Gambini, A. Kumar, Y.M. Li, T.T. Liu, M. Mark, N. Pletcher, J. RichmondN. Pletcher, J. Richmond
BWRC, EECS Dept.Univ. of California, Berkeley
Pushing the boundaries further
Source Rex Features
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The Power in Sound
20
λ
Implant (<1 mm3)
Aperture mismatch! l << λ vp = 1.5 mm/µs, λ = 1.5 mm @ 1 MHz
λ
Implant (1 mm3)
Gélat et. al., Phys. Med. Biol., 2012
mm-sized focal spot
~7 cm 4
3.5 3
2.5
2 1.5
1
0.5
Smaller dimensions (human hair) Human body- a serious obstacle
pvf
λ =
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Implants
Tissue
Acoustic transducer array
Ultrasonic power and data downlink
RF/US data uplink
Incoming Sound Waves Carry Both Messages AND Power to Activate Implants
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Sound-Powered Implants
22
Collaboration with Prof. Khuri-Yakub, SOE Stanford Univ.
1st Generation Proof-of-Concept
2nd Generation, in progress
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Acknowledgements Collaborators and Students: • Prof. Khuri-Yakub, Dr. Amin Nikoozadeh, Prof.
Niknejad, Dr. Maryam Tabesh, Dr. Nemat Dolatsha, Jayant Charthad, Jerry Chang, Marcus Weber, Mustafa Rangwala
Funding Agencies and Support: • DARPA Young Faculty Award Program (Dr. Doug
Weber) • Stanford CIS/ System-X Alliance • Stanford SOE Terman Fellowship Ann Guerra
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