american society for quality quality 101 michael hagan, d.o., mhsa, cmq
TRANSCRIPT
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY
QUALITY 101
Michael Hagan, D.O.,
MHSA, CMQ
• Why study quality?
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-3
Module 1: Quality Benefits
Tangible– Increase in earnings
– Decrease in waste
– Increase in productivity
Intangible– Customer goodwill
– Alignment between business activities
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-4
W. Edwards Deming on Quality Meeting customer needs + wants = quality. Quality improves products/services and processes. Improved products/services and processes =
profitability.
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-5
A Quality Approach Benefits . . .
Employees Organizations
Suppliers Society
Customers
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-6
Benefits to Employees
Product quality
Greater job security/benefits
Process quality
Profit
Customer satisfaction
Pride in products andservices
Job satisfaction
Improved communicationsStreamlined work processes
Happier customersStrong customer
relationships
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-7
Benefits to Organizations
Q u a lity
O rg a n iza tio n s
C o st
M a rk etS h a re
P ro fit
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Quality Studies and Standards
Released the Profit Impact of Market Strategy (PIMS) study.
Partnered with the Baldrige recognition program.
Both organizations support the link betweenquality and profitability.
Strategic PlanningInstitute
National Institute ofStandards and
Technology
N I S T
• National Institute Standards & Tech
• Baldrige Quality Award
• Baldrige index• Outperforms the S & P 500 index
IT WORKS
• Companies that look at themselves and constantly ask the question
• “how can we improve”
• Are more successful as a company
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-11
External and Internal Customers
PublicationDepartment
SalesDepartment
Customer
BENEFITS TO CUSTOMERS
• External CustomerPerson or organization that (buys)receives the product or service
• Transplant center• Other OPO• Donor hospital• Tissue Bank
BENEFITS TO CUSTOMERS
• Internal Customer
Employee or department that receives the output
• OPO Coordinators• OPO HD• OPO Finance department
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-14
Benefits to Customers
Quality results in: Increased choices. Improved goods and
services. Expectations met or
exceeded.
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-15
Benefits to Suppliers
Achievement of performance requirements
Streamlined processes
Efficient communication
Increased customer satisfaction
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-16
Benefits to Society
Economic growth and stability
Increased employment opportunities
Product safety
OPO’s BENEFIT TO SOCIETY
• Disease free organs and tissues
• Better functioning organs
• More transplants
• More lives saved
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-18
Module 2: The Evolution of Quality
Provides a framework for understanding the history of the quality movement.
Expands the definition of quality.
QUALITY DEFINED
• Many definitions
• No perfect definition
• Usually it is very clear
when quality is missing
MISSING QUALITY
• Missing a pt on the match run• Incorrect lab, HLA, etc.• Mislabeled blood type• Surgical damage• Liver in a heart box
JURAN FITNESS FOR USE
• Degree to which the product or service conforms to design
• The degree to which the transplant centers are called on each of their patients
JURAN FITNESS FOR USE
• Product or service availability, reliability, and maintainability
• Reliability of the software systems to produce accurate match runs
JURAN FITNESS FOR USE
• Available customer service
• Ability of transplant centers to request customer service from the OPO
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-24
ISO Definition of Quality
Degree to which a set of characteristics fulfills requirements
Requirements:Convenience and speed
Product:Telephone
Characteristic:Speed dial
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-25
Crosby’s Definition of Quality
Quality is conformance to requirements. Requirements are answers to key organizational
questions:– How quickly will orders ship?
– What is our return policy?
– What forms of payment are acceptable?
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-26
Quality Evolution: Medieval Guilds
Guilds: Developed strict rules for products
and services. Used stamps to identify flawless
goods.
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© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-27
Quality Evolution: Product Orientation
Master craftsmen trained apprentices. Industrial Revolution divided trades into
specialized tasks; inspectors guaranteed quality.
Taylor system increased productivity; inspection departments found defects.
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© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-28
Quality Evolution: Process Orientation
Processes became critical. Shewhart identified statistical quality
control. Developed strict rules for products
and services. Quality became relevant for process,
not just product.
Y ea r a n d P er io d1 2 0 0 -1 7 9 9 1900-1940 1 9 4 6 -P re se n t1 8 0 0 -1 8 9 9 1 9 4 1 -1 9 4 5G u ild s o f
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PROCESS ORIENTATION
• Shewart: in 1920s, Bell Labs• Process yields data• Data can be analyzed• Statistical analysis and control• Control charts for the process
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-30
Quality Evolution: Wartime
Quality became a safety issue. The military developed a
sampling inspection system and trained suppliers.
Y ea r a n d P er io d1 2 0 0 -1 7 9 9 1 9 0 0 -1 9 4 0 1 9 4 6 -P re se n t1 8 0 0 -1 8 9 9 1941-1945G u ild s o f
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© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-31
Quality Evolution:Total Quality Movement
Developed in response to Japanese quality movement.
Focused on improving all processes through people who used them.
Y ea r a n d P er io d1 2 0 0 -1 7 9 9 1 9 0 0 -1 9 4 0 1946-P resen t1 8 0 0 -1 8 9 9 1 9 4 1 -1 9 4 5G u ild s o f
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© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-32
Use of Standards
Definition: A standard is a “statement, specification, or quantity of material against which outputs may be judged as acceptable or nonacceptable.”
Result: Interchangeable products. Examples: Military and ISO 9000 standards.
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-33
ISO Registration
Independent third party audits the quality management system.
Certificate of registration awarded when audit is passed.
Registration is maintained via surveillance audits.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
© 2001 ASQAll rights reserved. ASQ IL1-34
Baldrige Program
Improves organizational performance. Facilitates the sharing of best practices. Provides a tool for
managing performance and guiding planning and opportunities for learning.
BALDRIGE 7 CATEGORIES
• Leadership• Strategic planning• Customer & market focus• Information and analysis• Human resource• Process management• Business results
BALDRIGE CORE VALUES
• Visionary leadership• Customer driven excellence• Organizational & personal learning• Valuing employees and partners• Agility• Focus on the future
BALDRIGE CORE VALUES
• Managing for innovation• Management by fact, data• Public responsibility & citizenship• Focus on results, creating value• Systems perspective
QUALITY QUESTIONS
• What does AOPO consider a good quality OPO?
• One that has met accreditation requirements
QUALITY QUESTIONS
• What does CMS consider as a good quality OPO?
• One that has met the CMS contractual requirements
QUALITY QUESTIONS
• What does UNOS consider as a POOR quality OPO or program?
• St. Vincent, skipped candidates,
program now closed
NOT QUALITY
• There is a very real cost of poor quality or lack of quality.
• Cost of time, resources, people
• Poor outcomes, fewer transplants
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
• HRSA Collaboratives and
AOPO Quality Council
• Strive to improve quality
• More transplants, save more lives
QUALITY GOAL
• All 58 OPOs
• High quality OPOs
• High quality organs and allocation