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TRANSCRIPT
AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
A5
7.9.19
Underlying Causes of the Revolution?
Underlying Causes of the Revolution?
Self-government – “Home rule”
– internal affairs
– “no taxation w/o representation”, gov by consent of gov’d
Protect “liberty” – freedoms
Protect basic rights – “Natural rts”, “inalienable”
– D of I: equality; L, L, & PH; gov by consent of gov’d
British changes & subsequent inflexibility
– George III & Tories
Financial interest – more control by some elites ???
Focus Questions
1. Why did the American colonies decide to seek independence from Britain?
2. How did the colonies win their war for independence?
3. To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally changeAmerican governments, society and the economy during the period 1775 to 1800? (How revolutionary was the American Revolution?)
DECISION FOR
INDEPENDENCE
DECISION FOR INDEPENDENCE
Second Continental Congress(May 1775-May 1781)
purpose
public opinion
Continental Army
G. Washington
Olive Branch Petition
British Response– Prohibitory Act
Role in revolutionOlive Branch PetitionGeorge Washington assumes
command of Continental Army,
July 1775
Patriot and
Loyalist
Strongholds
DECISION FOR
INDEPENDENCE: Jan. 1776
Common Sense
Hessian soldiers
Thomas Paine
George Washington's copy of Common Sense
(Boston Athenaeum)
DECISION FOR INDEPENDENCE
Decision for independence– Reasons
Declaration of Independence
Foundational beliefs
DECISION FOR INDEPENDENCE
Significance of Declaration of Independence
Radical for time - equality; inherent rights; gov’t served people– Yet merely arg that attempting to protect existing rights and freedoms
treason – Franklin “We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately”
Clear position for rebellious colonists, forcing others to choose rebellion or declare as Loyalists.
Directed to other nations: paved way for eventual French aid
Inspired later liberation movements– Helped inspire Fr Rev Dec of Rts of man
– “All men created equal” later basis for anti-slavery and other liberation movements
– Anti-colonial inspiration – eg Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh
WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
Focus Question
How did the colonies win their war
for independence?
BRITAIN AMERICANS
Advantages ? ?
Disadvantages ? ?
Revolution: Strengths & Weaknesses
BRITAIN AMERICANS
Advantages ? ?
Disadvantages ? ?
Strengths & Weaknesses
War for
Independence
The First Phase:
New England, 1775-
1776
2nd Phase:
War
in the
North
1776-1777
3rd Phase:
The War in
the South,
1778-1781
Britain at War: The Global Context, 1778-1783
British Government Expenses on
Armed Forces Throughout the World
(in thousands of pounds), 1775-1782
TREATY OF PARIS (1783)
1) Independence - Britain formally recognized the
independence of the U.S.
2) Boundaries - Great Lakes on the North,
Mississippi River on the West, Florida on the South.
(no access to the Gulf of Mexico)
3) Loyalists - No further persecution, restitution for
confiscated property "recommended" to states.
4) Fishing access - in “Grand Banks” (off e. Canada)
North America after the Treaty of Paris, 1783
WAR &
SOCIETY
Focus Question
To what extent did the American
Revolution fundamentally change
American governments, society and the
economy during the period 1775 to 1800?
How revolutionary was the American Revolution?
Was it a:
(1) War for Colonial Liberation vs.
(2) restructuring of society, government & economy
POLITICAL EFFECTS
Independence – “states”
New state governments– written constitutions
– separation of power (branches)
– executive vs. legislature
– voting
– bills of rights
Confederation
Radical political ideas
Boundaries
Economic Effects
trade with Britain
inflation: worst US history
– British blockade
– Speculation and profiteering
during war
– paper money: Congress & states
state debts
distaste for taxes
– further weakened Congress'
ability to act
Wholesale Price Index: 1770-1789
Exports & Imports:
1768-1783
Society: Loyalists
About 20%– royal appointments
and many Anglican
clergymen
– Many non-English
wealth
conservative
Loyalist Strongholds
Society: Women
equality?
during war
voting
“Republican
motherhood”
New Jersey woman voting in 1807 picture
Society: African
Americans
equality?
slavery
gradual vs. instant abolition
Importation– Banned by all states
Manumission– All states removed
barriers ex. SC & GA
– Virginia between 1782 and 1790, as many as 10,000 blacks were freed
The Status of Slavery,
1800
Early Emancipation in the North
Distribution of
the Slave
Population,
1790
Distribution of
the Slave
Population, 1830
Indian Land
Cessions:
1768-1799
Society: Native Americans
SOCIETY: Equality
Outward signs of equality: dress, manner of speech, way they dealt with one another in public places
Property laws: primogeniture & entail ended
Titles of nobility – outlawed in state constitutions
No major social redistribution of wealth
New governments were more responsive to public opinion
Redistricting to better reflect settlement in back country
Society: Religion
Freedom of religion
End to state support of religion?
Anglican Church – Episcopal church
SOCIETY: New National Spirit
Nationalism was a result of independence
By mid 18th century colonists had begun to think of themselves as a separate society distinct from Britain
Local ties remained predominant
Nationalism arose from– common sacrifices
– war caused many people to move from place to place
– practical problems in wake of war that demanded common solutions brought them together
– economic developments had unifying effect
– Fostered by common heroes: Franklin, Washington
CONFEDERATION
Focus Question
To what degree did the Articles of
Confederation provide an effective
form of government?
– Consider the following: the ideology
and goals of the Revolution, economic
conditions, foreign relations, Western
lands, etc.
Confederation
Articles of Confederation
Structure of Government
Amendment
Commerce
Taxation & Funding
Reflection of
Revolutionary Ideology
& Goals The United States in 1787
Confederation
1. Economic
Disputes Taxation
Trade
Depression
Shay’s Rebellion
Advance of settlement to 1790
Confederation
2. Foreign Affairs• Revolution, treaty
• British forts
• Spain
3. Western Lands
State claims
Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Western Land Claims
Land Division in the Northwest Territory
Settlers’
Ohio,
After 1785
Confederation
Annapolis Convention(1786)
Constitutional Convention
(May 1787)
Sources
Liberty! The American Revolution (PBS) -
http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/index.html
Brinkley 10th ed
Thomson Wadsworth Image Bank -
http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_ban
k_US/1769_1804.html
America: Pathways to the Present
Henretta, America’s History 5e -
http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral
Divine, America Past & Present 7e
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;
http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/
Susan Pojer historyteacher.net