american place : the historic american buildings survey at seventy-five years

8/2/2019 American place : the Historic American Buildings Survey at seventy-five years.

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American place : the Historic American Buildings Survey at seventy-five

years.

[Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 2008?]

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/pur1.32754081159497

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< *

T H E A M R ICAN

uildingsSurvey(H ABS)oftheNationalParkService

agreement amongtheNationalParkService,

andtheAmericanInstitute ofArchitects.

ersarye hibitionwassponsoredbytheUS Department ofthe

ationalParkServiceH ABSprogram.

PublicDomain,Google-digitized

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uildingsSurveyat Seventy-five ears


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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mpanionPrograms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ent o t HA B SC atherineC . avo ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

P rogramsC atherineC . avo ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

heBuilder sA rt

ysCatherineC. avoie.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .

ABSDistrict Oiiicer,FrankChoteauBrown isaP.Davidson.

tion

uringNPSi / l issionso isaP . Davidson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F ort a rned, NHS, ansas isaP . Davidson. . . . . . . . . . .

n

t theNationalH istoricPreservationAct ot t%< >

mesA . ]ac0bs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

al janies/ 1. ]ac0bs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ethodologies,andOutreachCatherineC. avoieandMarkSchara

erNationalH eritageA reaV irginiaB . P rice . . . . . . . . . . . .

cks

ayCatherineC. avoie.... .... .... .... .... .... ....

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive ears


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panionPrograms

nPrograms(HDP),part ofthe

ministerstheH istoricAmerican

)andcompanionprogramsthe

gineeringR ecord(HA R ), the

ndscapeSurvey (HA S), andthe

aphicInformationSystems

producedthroughtheprograms

slargest archiveofhistoric

,andlandscapedocumentation.

historicsites,consistingoflarge-

otographs,measureddrawings,

rts,aremaintainedina special

ofCongress,availabletothe

bothhardcopy (inthe ibraryof

viatheWeb)formats.CRGIS

ationsareavailableat parks,

o therhistoricsites. HDP a lsodeve lops

ryof the Interi0r sStandards

cturaland ngineering

ationalGeospatialData

ources.

dedocumentationprogramin

ocalgovernments,private

eties,universities,preservation

agencies.Theprogramassigns

esofnationa lsigni cance, especia lly

demolitionorlossbyneglect,

eproperties.In additionto

gram,documentationentersthe

ionactivitiesundertheNational

t o f1966 , submissionsinprize

ns.Documentationprovidesa

tion s most important historic

ts.TheCollectionis uniquein

ysfromitsinstitutionalsponsors

nguishedinitsnationalscope,

lstability,andcontinuedgrowth.

arly40,000 sitesandstructures

cognitionandappreciationof

Nationa lHistoric andmark s

ntationforrehabilitationand

vailablewell-researchedmaterials

ration.Not surprisingly,it is

l lectionat the ibraryofC ongress

graphs.

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive ears


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osevelt waselectedpresident

ncia l, socia l, andpolit icalfa iluresw hich

sionupontheAmericanpeople.

New Deal byusingthepower

tocreaterecoveryprojectsfor

ociety.H ealsousheredina

yAmericansappreciatedtheir

turalresources.In 1933,he

sSecretaryof theInteriorand

storicAmericanBuildingsSurvey

ndhis teamworkedtirelesslyto

snatura lresources, Indiancultures, and

yincludingour often-crumbling

TheHistoricA mericanB uildings

earsisane hibitionofhistoric

anddrawingsofsi ty-one

present fadingcurrentsin

erveanddisseminatethe

esebuildings,thearchitects,

phersofH ABShavedutifully

at andsmallforthelast seventy-

photographsanddrawingsshow beauty

andmost ofalltheever-changing

ple.

R ichardO C onnorapproachedthe

thhopes that togetherwecould

ntotellthis important storyofhow

Americahas beenrecordedfor

rs. Thew ork of the Interio rMuseumisto

department andtopromotethe

aus. Seventy- veyearsago, Haro ld

creatingthenewDepartment of

buildingandplanningtheI nterior

icanpeopletheimportant work

Weareproudto havejoinedwith

roducethise hibit ionil lustrating

reservingindrawingand

ndream.

gpeopleat H ABSandthe

hto thankourchiefofcultural

inneyandtheInteriorMuseum

DeborahWallisWurdinger, rin

k er, asw ellasMark H a llo fC reative

sfortheireffortstobringabout

usinA M R IC A NPL A C : The

ngsSurveyat Seventy-Five ears,

and culture.

rvices

eriorMuseum

TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSOrveyat Seventy - live earsV ll


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hment o t HA B S

uildingsSurvey(H ABS)Was

ateapublicarchiveofA merica s

sistingofmeasureddrawings,

e-format black8:white

securingrecordsofstructures

w as rst endorsedby theA merican

in1918.H owever,it tookthe

siontoprovidetheopportunity

graminitiatedduringPresident

s New Deal administra tion.

storicSitesAct bywelloverayear,

rst signi cant boontohistoricpreservation

program eldtestedmanyof

sstillinuse todaysuchasthe

mpilingofdocumentationon

development ofcomprehensive,

andtheestablishment ofnational

ion.

und-swellofinterest incollecting

n,artifacts,andbuildingsrelated

izedas theColonialRevival

S,themovement wasmotivatedin

dtomitigatethe effectsofrapidly

cesuponA merica shistory

gorganizationssuchasthe

ationofV irginiaAntiquities,the

nofNew nglandAntiquities,

presentedmodelsforthe

actsandthe interpretationof

Andarchitectstrainedin the

prepareddrawingsofcolonial-era

sa meansofpromotingand

hitecture.Whileimportant,

nlyona limited,localorregional

ysimplementedforthe rst t imethe

ationofhistoricarchitectureona

mstandards.

shment o fHA B S, x ecutiveOrder

adshipofhistoricbattle eldsand

mtheWar Department tothe

hesametime,DirectorH orace

aditionalNPSfocusonpreserving

capestoincludethecultural

andscapearchitect Thomas

theSanF ranciscoregionalo f ce

seethedevelopment ofnew

onialParkwayinV irginia

anagement ofthenewH ABS

g,anditsrich archiveofperiod-

tura ldeta ils, a idedintherestorationand

manyotherhistoricproperties,

g recordforfuturegenerations.

oftheH ABSprogramthenastodayresides

onanditspublic accessibility,

ment ofnationalstandardsfor

ture.Aswasintended,theH ABS

acompleteresumeof thebuilder s

fromthesmallest uti l ita rianstructurestothe

ental. Thematerialsareavailable

eandon-linethroughthe Prints

ofthe ibraryofCongress.Asa

istorians,restorationarchitects,

,andthoseofallagesinterestedin

tecture,H ABSisoneof themost

ary sco llections. It is, infact, among

rchitecturaldocumentationin

sponsiblefor thedevelopment

tionof drawings,histories,


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14/105

servationofV irginiaAntiquities,

ocietyfor thePreservationofNew

ndedin1910.Bothorganizations

hrougharchitecturalandmaterial

onialRevivalmovement also

ecturaldesign. Infact, itsin uence

tedintothemid-twentieth

tinuestothisday.One ofthe

sfortheemulationofcolonial

efeller-fundedrestorationofthe

t Williamsburgthat beganin1927.

onarchitect WilliamG.Perry(of

n)theWilliamsburgarchitectstook

estoration. Theyconducted eld

heTidewaterregion,recording

sinorderto learn rst-hand

sandconstructiontechniques.

efforts,aswell astheongoing

ivalstylebuildings,createdthe

arysource materialssuchas

andperiodarchitectura ldeta ils.

hindthepopularityofthe

movement. The co ledesBeau

choolfor theArts,hadlong

tectura ltra iningintheUnitedStates.

gy includedthe survey ing or

sasa crucialcomponent of

devenforthosearchitects

ceshipratherthanformal

vey approachw asanequa llyvaluable

kills.)Fromtheformationof the

chitecturalprogramat theMassachusetts

T)in186 5,throughthe1930s,

dtostudyhistoricalprecedents

variousstylesandtheir

rndesign. Thefoundero fMIT s

liamRobert Ware,established

ndent onhistoryasdesign,

eededfortheday s architect-

phrase isusedtorefertoase lect groupof

tects w houndertook designw ork andalso

itecturalhistory.I1IInaddition,

clinedassembledtheirdrawingsof

volumes.Manyalsocontributed

e in uentia lWhiteP ineserieso f

spublishedbimonthly,from1914

ea u A r ts W h i te C i ty c r ea t ed i n

lypopularWorld sC olumbian

ohelpedtoreaff irmA merican s

hitecturalthemes.

NPS)wasnot immunetothe

alhistoryandarchitecture.

hthevision ofDirectorH orace

entiontowardshistoric

ca llyat A merica scultura l

rst conceivedofbyA lbright s

phenMather(1915-1928),who

f nationalparkseast ofthe

esametimee tremelyinterested

hileMatherw asunableto nd

as actingdirectorin1917,

gforthetransferof e isting

entsfromtheWarDepartment to

erior.I31Onceappointeddirector

aheadwiththecreationofeastern

rst direct venture intothe eldof

nin1930 withtherestoration

birthplaceofGeorgeWashingtonin

rginia. atercontroversyover

orationledto arecognitionofthe


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fromwoodensmokehouses

, reconstructedGovernor s

enumerousantique

ossthe Tidewatercountry

eryof thelocalstyle.

thestructuresand

onpaperbecameahighly

aftingroomswerefull

ment andeveryjunior

abookofhisown.Though

e,Iwasworkingnearby

n]andknewthemall.I5]

hat e perienceisclearlyre ectedinthe

etersonwouldlaterwriteforthe

BSprogramtorecordin asimilar

A merica sarchitectura lheritage.

rsoftheAmericanInstitute of

kingtowardsthelong-aspired

of architecturaldocumentation

oardofDirectorso f theA IA rst

to na l s ur v ey w i th t h e in t en t o f s e c ur i ng

storicinterest in1918, but tono

na llyga inedmomentuminMay1930

and, anarchitect by tra iningandthe

eArtsofthe ibraryofCongress,

ment ofthePictorialArchivesof

tureat theAIAmeetingmAsa

andlookedtotheorganization

tinghisnewinitiative.H olland

seekthecooperationofitsstate

ling photographice amplesof

re forinclusioninthe library s

theMaymeeting, What Iw ish

[ofArchitects] primarilyisits

wishtheInstitutemembersto

nzation thearchivesw hichw e

oughthethecountry [and]throughthe

ong. TheA IA askedthat he

couldbesent toeachchapter.I8]

ned, forthepurposesofgenera l

tecture,especiallyforsuch

dtodisappear,thereis urgent need

tographicrecordsfromthe whole

embled. [9]TheA IA senthusiastic

snew co llectionledtohisappo intment

eirCommitteeonPreservationof

tteebeforehim,H ollandwas

ollectionofphotographicimages,

tionalsurveyofhistoricbuildings.

Committee,H ollandrealized

uldbegintheyneededto create

mbership,aswellasthegeneral

it , theymust arouseastrongpublic

ofthe country,that thereare

ldingsofgreat historicinterest,

nally,whichshouldbepreserved

marksofthecourseof American

] T h e s u r ve ys t h at H o l la n d pr o po s ed w er e

eau Artstraditionthrough

smembershadtra inedlmInMay

a llyannounceditsintentiontobeginthe

y Theyanticipatedit becomingpart o fa

campaignforpreservation that beganby

gsandthereasonsfor which

subjectsforpublicconsideration. I12]

thetimethat inamatterof months

rallyintheform ofthefederal

wasalsomovingforwardwithits


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PROGRAMS

anyculturalprogramsinitiated

D. R oosevelt ' s New Deal

Dealwasthetitlegivento a

andreforms,initiatedmostly

that offeredrelieftothe

eat Depressionwhileat the

icanlifebothmateriallyand

kprogramsincludedtheCivilian

),theFederal mergencyRelief

heCivilWorksAdministration

gressAdministration(WPA).

alprogramswastheWPA.

videdworkon thedesign

ructureandpublicfacilities.

lyresponsibleforthe

000 newandrenovated

ructure,includingschools,

creationalfacilities,airports,

aswellasroads,highways,and

t oftheWPAsupported

vors.TheFederalWriters

oralhistories,andcreated a

ebooks.TheH istoricalRecords

talogedsignificant archival

ningof thenation sown

deralArt Project createdover

s,paintings,andmuralsforpublic

Project andtheFederalTheatre

performances,workshops,

sofWPA fundswerethe

urveys.

vernment' sfirst historic

dtheonlyNewDealinitiative

ure.At thesametimethat

tecturalsurveys,anotherNew

nownarchitectsoftheModernist

ra, loydWright,William

lmslie todesignhousingw orthyof

monik erassocia tedw iththeNew Deal.

sconcernabout theestimated

nthat w as ill-housed, thePWA

nt offifty-onehousingprojects.

odel Greenbelt Towns, (such

ndtheCarlMackleyH ousesin

harenowrecognizedasNational

I

da profoundandlastingeffect

icalandculturaldevelopment.

ralgovernment taken

ngthearts,orfor collecting

ngtothe country shistory.IlIII

preservationandinterpretation

eritagebe left solelytoprivate

ons.Instead,apublic-private

oreegalitarianapproach

themoutsidethee clusive

sesand integratingtheminto

ricans.The WPAprograms

egends,andfolkways,aswellas

njectedit intothepublicsphere.

amsledthenation downapath

edtoinspirean appreciationfor

chael ammensummarizedthe

ultura lheritagebysay ing, The

hat assistingAmericanshelpedto

ams

ModernArchitecturesinH istory

ks,2008),118.


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ndw ork

suchasR alphA damsC ram, Will iamRobert Ware, F isk e imball, A . D.F . Hamlin, andTalbot Hamlin-

architecturalscholarshipthroughtheirgroundbreakingpublications.See: eithN.Morganand

istory intheServiceofDesign: A mericanA rchitect-Historians, 1870-1940, inTheA rchitectura lHistorian

diesintheHistoryof /1rt35, ed. , l isabethB lairMacDouga ll(Hanover81 ondon: Nationa lGa lleryofA rt,

yUniversityPressofNew ngland,1990), 1-75.

A rchitects, P reservationists, andtheNew Deal: TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey , 1933-1942,

tedtoTheGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,20 February1984,52-53.AccordingtoCorkern,Mathersaw

heMississippiR iverasthe w eak est l ink intheNPSsystem. Beforeretiringhew asabletoauthorize

mmothCave),NorthCarolinaandTennessee(Great SmokyMountains),andV irginia(Shenandoah).

redwiththeissuanceof x ecutiveOrder 133,in1933,just priortothe creationoftheH ABSprogram.

TheH istoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey , ItsB eginnings, H istoricA merica : B uildings, StructureandSites,

hington,DC: ibaryofCongress)10-11.

tects,ProceedingsoftheFifty-First Convention,1918 (Washington:AIA,1918):19.Q uotedin

r sw ebsite , TheP ictoria lA rchivesof arlyA mericanA rchitecture(PA A A )w asthe rst photographic

Americanarchitectureassembledat the ibraryofCongress.Initiatedbyagrant fromtheCarnegie

A AAinstitutedanationalcampaignto acquirephotographicnegativesofseventeenth-,eighteenth-,

uildingsintheUnitedStates.Duringits most activeperiod,1930 to1938,thePA AAcollectedand

ytenthousandnegativesandphoto-prints,includingseriesbyjohnMeadH owells,FrancisBenjamin

ThomasT.Waterman,andFrancisM.Wigmore. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/186 .htmlDelos

manalsoworkedforH ABS.

tectsProceedings,testimonyof eicesterB.H olland,]0urnalofProceedings,May1930,130-131.

cordOurA rchitecture, New ork T imes, uly18, 1930; P roQuest Historica lNew spapers, TheNew ork T imes

eCommittee(October1,1931),CommitteeonPreservationofH istoricBuildings,Bo 5 ascitedin

gtoCorkern,ofthethirty-si memberoftheCommitteeonPreservationofH istoricBuildings,two-

Artsorienteduniversitytrainingprograms,andonein eight hadactuallytoParisto study rst-hand.

ist NotableB uildings, New ork T imes, 24May1933; P roQuest Historica lNew spapers, TheNew ork T imes

heemployof theNationalParkService,V int wasawesterner,trainedinlandscapedesign.

ndscapearchitectureprogramat theUniversityofCaliforniaat Berkeleyin1920,havingspent asemester

ure,Universityof yon,andthenstudiedcityplanningat theUniversityofCalifornia,

edNPSin1922as anassistant landscapeengineerfor osemiteNationalPark,wherehewasinvolvedin

park serv ice s rst rustic-stylebuildings, aswellasthedeve lopment o f landscapeplans. In1927, hew as

apeArchitect ofNPS,andheadquarteredinSanFrancisco.

e Noblest andscapeProblem : ThomasC . V int and andscape/HistoricP reservation (paperpresentedat

ll, B ron , N , A pril1999). A vailableonlinethroughtheC ultura l andscapeF oundation, Stew ardship

site,www.tclf.org/conf_papers.)

essage,MembersoftheAdvisoryCommitteeofArchitects fortheRestorationofColonialWilliamsburg

1 November1933; C harles . PetersonPapers, B o 198, HA B SH istory , Genera l, 1933, Universityo f

ns.

B . Ho llandtoC harles . Peterson, 2 May1936; C harles . PetersonPapers, B o 198, HA B SH istory,

ylandSpecialCollections.

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSurveyot Seventy- f ive eors


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r l Z l i ~ D E T A I -

INC -C ornice-

mm

T I UO I l ._ V A l i Ot l-

= t-o -- -

i11l P I T

TI _ - , _

_$ L _ _Z 1 -: 1

, ,, ,, , .s

r I

V A T IO N . u 7W i to u oH T - l t ot i

F 5 ' P I P ; i ll < ) ' r oo r- Sc ti Pt t

~ _ ~

_ = 1 Z Q " . g 3 % + 4 / 4. _ L _ 5T ON _ 5, ? Sc tt t G I O

_ _ D U_ _ - F ~ 5 - D E T l l ll . -T R .O l lT - DO O - l l Ml > - < i , l l i l D- - M o ui i > i i io - co i ir i ii u oi i s

S S- AD MI I II 5 TI A T I ON -O AM O FO TR UC TU R S Uo V E Y - H ] ST Q R c A M R C AN " ' ' " m

U O IT D 5 T lT $ D E P A oT M O T O u TH E v T u I Oo 3 3

o V I C , B oA OC H o rr un s AO D D E O I GO 5 ! F S H E E T S

e e5 - 17 : 5. H . . . j O -_ 2 Z 3 ' B o i . . D | N G ss o Rv Y

burg, Ohio ouisP . F isher, de lineator, 1936; H A B SNO. OH-223. Thisashlarstonehousew asbuilt by

45in theGreekRevivalstylethat dominatedAmericandomesticarchitectureduringtheearlytomid

yle sGreekderivationevokeddemocraticidealsthat deemedit particularlyappropriatetothe

.

B uildingsSurvey , B ulle tinNo. 1, F isca landA dministra tiveProcedure , 27December1933. Unlessotherw ise

dCircularsconsultedforthe purposesofthisarticleare fromthereferencelibraryofthe H ABS/HA R/

ton, DC .

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive earsII


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heBuilder sA rt

ys

oncamefromtheheadquarters

ABSprogramdrewitsstrength

ch. The indiv idualstate surveys

theCivilWorksAdministration

ressAdministration(WPA),and

district o f f icers nominatedby the

canI nstituteofArchitects(AIA)

oricarchitecture.District officers

fyingallbuildingsofhistoric

swiththeintent ofdocumenting

rawings,photographs,andshort

hsigni cant structure , aninde

eparedwiththedual purposeof

nd settinggoalsfortherecording

e initialstatesurveysin1941,

rshadpreparedcardsforover7,000

one-halfofwhichreceivedat

about one-thirdofwhichwere

rethenation s vast arrayof

erivedbuildingforms.

ngefromNativeAmerican

onsinthe southwest toCapeCod

henortheast,andfromvernacular

ttlers cabinstohigh-sty le

andneo-classicalmansions.

ndangeredstructuresfor which

ee ist.

lsnot just thediversityofbuilding

les,but portraysthenationat

post-warprosperitywouldforever

mericanlandscape.TheSurveys

WPAfundedprograms,with

ntoWorldWarII. HA B Sremainedactive

roughtheworkofthe National

anchofDesignandC onstructionand

s, andthroughdonationsof recordsby

icers, othermembersof theA IA , andby

stitutions.

TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSurveyat Seventy- f ive eorsI3


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? ~ I ~ .~ ~ ' . u

/ - a

40 - 5 % l s .- - - . _l - 5: r ( C /0 7 09

$ f Cz ru no mal /o r C TC 9 I 0

.

/ = / //

/ 7 . fq /. 1

i

\ _ _ Q r fI DM jN j5 Tp / ; | " _ ' ) i , P; 3 . * . C T I - N A M OF ST RU CT UR S UR V E Y O O. An nr mA TH Ii A I 2. o i: IX I / AM " ' " - - i - 1

c oO ec c: ~ .i e> r vi :. 2e ni 1< ; ; a m B UI D IN GS SU RV E Y

. 4 T . f .1 ; . ; i i ; 1 I ' ? . ; ; E f . % ; . I . l i. ; * . ? .. .0 5. .. .. .b an D 5 i_ [ Q _ N AT iQ N A i_ i v] O m( ,1 r1 5 NT pi ; \ / s om I or 2. su ms

elierNationalMonument,NewMe ico R.P.McClung,delineator,1940; H ABSNo.NM-1 .Thislate

kivaorceremonialchamberwasbelievedtohavebeenerectedca. 1513 byPuebloIndians.Itsremains,

cavatedbytheNationalParkServicein 1937.

formallyestablishedonDecemberWilliamG.Perry(architect ofColonialWilliamsburg),

erthegeneraldirectionofchief Albert Simons(ofCharleston,SouthCarolina), ohnGaw

ndanadvisorycommitteeMeem(ofSantaFe,NewMe ico),andThomas .Tallmadge

vesofvariouscivicorganizations(ofChicago,Illinois).l1l ohnP.O Neill washiredasprogram

wellas architectsassociatedwithdirectortomanageH ABSonadailybasis. O Neill wasan

cted wereallmembersofthearchitect trainedat theUniversityofNotreDamewhohad

eeonPreservationofHistoricB uildings, w orkedforDavidA dler sarchitectura l rminC hicago.

land(o f the ibraryofC ongress), H ehadrecently returnedf romw ork at anarcheo logica lsite

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyot Seventy- f ive eors


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I I I I n i i - 3 , R

j ro#H

4 . . . 1/O - 52 2 1 /0 - u , I o _ ..

- /o _ ; _ 3 I _ _ 2 / 03 6 " _ __ / 2 /a Q I _ I_ I I / 01 4 , ,r _z

I

I

0 n % _ ;

1 ..i i > -- if

> L A NMm-< MMrtooR -PIA NIs< um ~ rm

r .. 1> _ L - I I i -- i1 i- 1 I id -- 4 _ .. l % - i = 4

TH E IN T R IO R W F s " ' c T " / ' - H IS TO RI CA M R ICA N " E "

P AR S . BU I D OG S. A ND R S R V A TI ON S I t y -Q . I 3 5 1 0 BU I D IN GS S UR V E Y

OI)SI o rcusmvR()IttRIC lH B I I. \ yO()I)NI B . ' _ , ~ / 5_ W1O, _. , _

hrich, B e llw ood, Nebrask a W. C. anike , de lineator, 1934 H A B SNo. NB -35-10. Thissmall

nstructedin1883 byAustrianimmigrant GustavRohrichofsodfroma nearbyfield.Rohrichlived

eechildren.WhenrecordedbyH ABSin1934,thiswas theonlyoneremainingofthe manysod

duringthemid-nineteenthcentury.

dquartersadministeredthe

blisheditsstandardsandguidelines

s we r e ru n b y d i s tr i ct o f fi c er s . T h es e

edbylocalchaptersofthe AIA

eriencewithhistoricarchitecture.

icersw eremembersof theA IA s


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S

_

" f TI % iN s eN TS AS H i s 31 .1 1 -I T

, , W ID E T lN O RI GI NA A SS H O NN

I I II II II Z I

L -1 -- -- ll ll lH - F :

- X I I I

TH I S m c e i n I ,, n u n _i _ -

I

WI TH

OR IG IN A L Y

S H

1 -I IN G S

L E V ATION

IO N

__ __ _ _ P

__ -

- F: - 1 r mI I- I]

= 5 51 i F ia > < | a I II

5 as er os r. 2 =

D IT ON 2 i i

u A ND b , 3 - :: = = = _ :: 11 , . : , , _ ' : -

: = " 1 * = ' E = = " = = = % = = = 3 .-H w ow sH i ~ @i-

Q O ~ Q Q 2 5_Q _ _Q [_ 5

' - -_

i . t as te s . . -

) , N TH I N G // ,, /, -

i t 0 _ _ __ _ _ , - - = _ _ - _ _ _ _


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om ve vo a

/ RS

X / H E E L S

H M S, OA

_ OA

E A T H I NQ

s T E T H

P SH A FT

O A

5 T IR ON

A RI NG SS H / F T_ O M

OA

isjr,

E L PIN 1

F RA M W OR

D X / IT H CA NV A S

A

c o me ss vr wo ar s

N S PL I C D

S

R A

/TBE K S OF O/ l

TS

G RI N DE R

OR


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S D IS T RI C T OF FI C R , FR A N C H O T A U B RO W N

87 -1947)IIlwastheH ABS

usettsandthenregional

ew ngland. His w ork

worthyandtypicalofthe

iencedistrict officersbrought

resident ofBoston,Brown

rchitecturaleducationin

tinuedhisstudiesat the

gh uropeantravel.In1902

in Bostonandjoinedthe

tects.

ningdomesticarchitecture

ofthehistoricstructures

k.Askilleddraftsman,

rewidelypublishedinthe

iesonhistoricAmerican

ssuchasNew ngland

Brownservedaseditor

Reviewfrom1907to

ninterest inarchitectural

ngpublishedtheprimers

(1902)andTheOrderso f

yinhis career.Brownjoined

ersityin191 andbecame

fart andarchitecturein

WilliamSumnerAppleton,

he PreservationofNew

wntirelesslychampioned

estorationofNew ngland s

uledto end.Theburdenof

thedistrict officersandto

ogramcoordinator.Throughtheir

eyswereabletocontinueasstate-

tiatives.Ane hibitionofthe

tographs,whichopenedonApril4,

um,alsohelpedraiseawareness

ncurrent withthee hibition,and

May1terminus, V int andHolland

ement betweentheNationalPark

ongress,andtheAmericanInstitute

ABSpermanent.Documentation

brought aregionalviewto

earlyAmerican architecture

omplishedpractitionersofhisera.

fficerposition,Brownwasableto

chand delineationintoapublic

edovertheonlypieceof the

elopment of arlyAmerican

epublished- theMassachusetts

andat the ibraryofC ongressw rote

w youmanagetodoa llyouget

orethan Icansee.If wecan

wancestherewillbe noholding

ofhisHA B Scounterparts, B row nadvised

theacquisitionand restoration

stheShirley - ustisHouse in

ouseinSalem.Browncontinued

gsevenastheWPA surveywas

athin1947,he wasstillworking

ectsintheBostonoffice heshared

SDistricOfficer

BrownseeWitheyandWithey,81

try7-StateOrganizationFiles,RG515

R , Nationa lA rchivesandR ecords

ollegePark,MD.

B row n, (28 F ebruary1935), B o 9

RG515,NARA.

ratedunderthe guidanceofthe


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i e se - Tw o - 1 H , , /

ay I%

C

* O l.d ) 11 1 ,

L 1 /~ F ]> f lP L 0 Z L

* 9 l m~

~ ~ J 7 l& ~ . 5 4 7i

mg & i ,, 5 , ., , : f 1 , , : ,. + k, ( 2 l ST l/ l @ L L 7 -5 11 2] /W 20 0/ V G 1 2 f 5 g

B 4 ~ O R1 Gl NA , P OR TI ON 1 ~ m Sc al e r pa ub

l , C )i au lI ea 1. r- 5r ow ni lT A l ,A - l 5 l l ' I B F. FO R. - i 9 4 - F ac t- . c a/ e r. 81 em .n a ns -

M eP K 5 N- E z V i 5 t E l ig -T l Id e2 < : L E t y ; f Nr < Y } | z - N AM O FS TN Ou WN H I S TO RI CA M R I CA N " I . - . . ' . .? . I . I

T : _% - :N l ; ; ; . ,:& ; A Nu ; : m :: 3 . :e ..a . D RU MM l ?: 5A MU l . S l E T O N~ l l O l S - l l AN OV E l ?:C N T . l% l 3' L Y l / lQ l lT l l -CO l / lA S Q

tetsonHouse, H anoverC enter, Massachusetts F rank ChoteauB rown, de lineator, 1943; H A B SNo. MA - 11.

ABSdistrict officerforMassachusetts,andlikemany,continuedtoproduceH ABSdrawingsaftertheWPA

sproducedinconjunctionwith theSocietyforthePreservationofNew nglandAntiquitiesandthe

an InstituteofArchitects.Brown sdrawingskillsrankedhimamongthe best.

hegeneralpublic... H ABSalsobecameaproving-groundforfurtherfederal

tinuousnationalsurveyinvolvement inthe eldofhistoricpreservation.Interior

eFederalGovernment.SecretaryH aroldIckeswasinterestedinsetting upa

ingsB ranch w ithinNPSthat w ouldbecome

fpublic-privatesupport allowedthebasisforthedevelopment ofaprogramfora Federal

fthe program.reconstructionandpreservationplan. l15lAssistant

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y,notingthegrowingnumber

uggestedmerelycontinuingthe

Althoughultimatelynot thegoal

ndingwasprovidedtosustain

hired .ThomasSchneider

esfora federalpreservation

tourabroadto study uropean

ograms,historicsitesand

hereffortsculminatedinthe

itesAct of1935.TheAct gave

r responsibilityfordeveloping

icywhichultimatelywasfar

visioned. Inhiso icia lstatement

workof theH istoricAmerican

rst a ttemptedbyHA B S, animportant

athoroughsurveyofa llh istoric

l1 ]While the ideaofanationa l

n,it wasset asidefornowasthe

etheacquisition,administration,

ricalparks.Still,H ABSplayeda

thecreationof the1935act byprov iding

eldtestingpreservationstrategies,

ractice.Assummarizedby

eoftheBuilder sArt

themw ereDr. WaldoG. e land, e ecutivesecretaryof theA mericanC ouncilo f earnedSocietiesanda

ucationA dv isoryB oard H arlean ames, e ecutivedirectoro f theA mericanC iv icA ssocia tion P ro fessor

r ohnP . ONeil l inareport o f the

planas aCivilWorks

aterbyorganizingand

programandeventuallyby

artySurveyAgreement,

rk Serv icede nite ly

ordinghistoric,architectural

collectionmorethanayear

egislation,enactedinAugust

nsibilityupontheServiceml

redprograms,thelast ofthe

theeveofA merica sentry into

markedtheendofthe

lle istedduetothe Tripartite

fits partners,theAIA, ibrary

Theprogramwasmaintained

heyearsthat followedby

,particularlybyformerdistrict

edrecordingprojects.

eUniversityof Californiaandapast president oftheAmericanH istoricalAssociation.Ickesadded

madgeofChicagoandI.T.Frary,curatorof theClevelandMuseumofArt.

ng,O Neill wasregrettablylet goin1939,and replacedbyFrederickD.Nicholswhopreviouslyworkedon

t survey.

T h ir t y e a rs o f H A B S , A I A o u rn a l, N ov e mb e r 19 6 3 , 8 4 .

uildingsSurvey , B ulle tinNo. 15: HistoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey Inde , 23 F ebruary1934,

n, This list willincludeallmeasuredprojectsperformedunderthe H istoricAmericanBuildings

estedforconsiderationunderthat program,andallotherstructures whicharedeservingofpermanent

nother.

r i s t w a s th e r s t o f f ou r p r o du c ts o f H A B S ,i n a dd i ti o n to t h e me a su r ed d r aw i ng s , ph o to g ra p hs , a nd h i st o ry ,

rles .Peterson,OurNationalArchivesofH istoricArchitecture,ReprintedFromtheOctagon,

anInstituteof Architects[ uly,Number 1936 ],3.

efhistoricalnotationsthat sometimestooktheformofsmallsketchplans,makingthema valuable

collection.Thecardsalso includedbibliographicreferencestopreviousdocumentationinanattempt

forts.Thesereferencesbecamethebasisforeliminatingbuildingsfromselectionby H ABS. ikewise,

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tion

uringNPSl / l ission 6

5 ofaten-yearprogramto

vice(NPS)facilitiesand

Mission 6 , prov idedthe

etheH ABSprogram.While

nofnewlyconceivedvisitor

structures,theprogramalso

eservationandrehabilitation

ticular thoseacquiredasnew

esandpotentialparkunits. H ABS

gphasebyprovidingthe baseline

rrestorationandinterpretation

thosealreadyunderNPS

Sw orkedto completethesurvey

cant structuresthat beganin1933.

lymorechallengingtaskas

sideredhistoricwase tended

enceforpre-CivilWar,andin

ctures.H ABSbeganworking

vationorganizationstofacilitate

sswhilealsoassistinglocal

servationneeds.Therecording

eredstructuresalsoremaineda

gtoNPSRegionalDirector Ronald

T h e i n u e nc e o f H A B S, n o ws o e ff e ct i ve l y

ut whereverhistoricbuildingsare

preservationprogramsarebeing

asundertak enby thecentra lo f ce

Sregiona lo f ces, anda lsoutilized

lestudent groupshadengagedin

ncetheearlydays,thisera marked

summerrecordingprogram,

oughthismechanism,H ABS

onofpreservationistsbyproviding

cting eldw ork , research, and

structurestoits standards.

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A B Sw asof f icia lly inactivebut

ganization.Duringthoseyears

pendent uponpublicspiritedgroupsand

stothecollection. A ccording

k Sutton, architectura lschoo ls,

chitectsengagedinrestoration

ndin surveysastheyare

ttemptstoresurrect theHA B S eldteams

stwaryearswereoftenpresented

completethesurvey , meaningthe

llsigni cant historica landarchitectura l

eachregion ofthecountry.

complete,but certainareas

nleft une plored.Thefocus

poncolonialerabuildings,and

ldingsofthe earlyrepublic.

ue.In addition,it wasdetermined

rveythat buildingsownedby

alassociation,orwheretheowner

livetotheresponsibil ityasacustodian. ..

dcareforit that thebuilding

Divisionof Designand

asV int la tere pla inedthe

uetologisticalproblems]

neasyreachofwherethe

Thiswasa majorcontrol

easuredandphotographed.

gramwasnot acomplete

buildings.Anothercontrol

aminthe30 sw asthat any

handstopreserveit would

phasiswasgiventothose

ost.Asaconsequencemany

sintheCountrywerenot

ationallistingcalledforin the

hadnot yet beenrealizedandwas

dsofNPSadministrators.I3l

ionandacceleratingdemolition

gthe 1950saddednewurgency

dthenewNationalTrust for

iatedaninventoryproject through

ointedinmanylocalchapters.

oritize allthee istingbuildings

omecases,morerecently.This

cameknownasH ABSIforms)was

Sintheevent ofresuming

ratingfacilitiesprompted

toproposea majorcapital

President isenhowerin195 .

n 6 , t h is 1 0 -y e ar p r og r am s o ug h t t o

acil it iesintimeforthePark Serv ice s

6 . Mission 6 a lsoofferedan

gfor planningandresearch

Abooklet calledOurH eritage,

sion tothepublic, includeda

vital planningtoolfortheNational

eaof completingthesurveywas

ptlyrecordinghistoric buildings

te information. . . [ is] lost fo rever.

SwithMission 6 fundingcame

anceofOfficeof Designand

hiefArchitect DickSutton

e ldof ficesstaf fedbyarchitects,

iansbeinstitutedfora10-year

completethew ork of recordinghistoric

theendof thisperiod, heenv isioned


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rsawthecompletionofseventyprojects

gswith581sheetsofdrawings,

,321datasheets.ParkService

v ily inthew ork completedbyH A B S,

cordinghistoricstructuresat NorthCarolina.

Philadelphia,Gettysburg,and

nnsy lvania F ort McH enry, Mary land

rginia SanFrancisco,andMonterey,

mokyMountainsNationalParkin

- T I-

> E J = : -I -1 ,

U Ii

I

Q l lT

' 4H l f. ' L _" " " l ~ ~ - ' ~ - I O- - ~ - 4 gt 5 , Q in it 1 ; l g

t-l lro t lT ll . Il

s t A t

SUo V E Y NO . " " ' ' " "

- ~ = . 1 ~ TH E ' 0 L D oo os :, i i> l ms NA Tl 0l lA l. ll l T 0l tl SI T M A s f , f , , T , ,Q , Q L ' " " " '

s r . . ..~.:: * .:: :: :.:.:=: :%: .t* :::1: ; . :s:2? ' " ~ ~ ~ - u--it s1 -= = 1 r Iit v.-A- 4~ -r1 it r= = 1 ~ 15W20 :zssm

M 8 13 ) H T A D A 3 5 0

damsNationalH istoricSite,135AdamsStreet,Q uincy,Massachusetts GeorgeWinterowd,delineator,

MA - 15. Homeof ohnA dams, secondpresident o f theUnitedStates, thishouseremainedinthefamily

epropertyoftheNationalParkServicein 194 ,andin1952 wasdesignatedaNationalH istoricSite.

ndertakenbyoneofthefirst H ABSstudent summerteams.

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T A R N D , N H S , A N SA S

-eraHA B Sdocumentation

formationforrestoration

yacquiredparkunitsand

eduringthetransition from

te. Inthe19505and 0s,

alparksystemincreasingly

esentingperiodsofAmerican

larlyattention.In1955,NPS

edincentral ansasasan

nalH istoricSiterepresenting

pansionandmid-191 century

rnedwasoccupiedbyArmy

FeTrail from1859 until1878.

onof sandstonestructures

- 8, hadbeenprivate ly

ngsince 1884. ocalinterest

othecreationof theFort

etytoofferpublictours starting

sdesignatedaNationalH istoric

r19,196 0.Congressauthorized

hich[sites]possesse ceptional

orillustratingthehistoryof the

A safurtherindicationof theprio ritygiven

mostatedthat H ABSwould

hin thepreservation,rehabilitation,

ctionofhistoricstructures

ureswhich areunderthe

oftheNationalParkService.

edopportunitiesforregional

onprojectsthat recalledthe

h1930s. A summer eldo ice led

nry dw ardsand a leUniversity

Overbydocumentedavarietyof

hcenturybuildingsinV ermont

estructureshadbeenidenti ed

ut neverdrawnorotherwise

eareffort waslaunchedfor

MaineMid-Coast Surveyused

niversityof FloridaProfessorF.

cumentationduringthesummers

96 4andtheNationalParkService

nedNationalH istoricSitetothe

Fort arnedwasadministered

eofDesignand Construction

esS. Pope,Supervising

tures. UsingMission funding,

sStatearchitecturestudentsand

man,AIAtodocument Fort arned

5. arge-format photographs

esenofthe ansasStatePhoto

eamprepareddrawingsand

storicstructuresat Fort arned,

gofficerquarters,blacksmith

artermasterstorehouse,officers

edocumentationprovidesa

teright beforeacquisitionand

ParkService.

965. F ormerIl l ino isdistrict o f i icer

dHA B Sstudent summerpro jects

964, and1965. The irdocumentation

ecture,particularlytheproto-

. R ichardson, ouisSull ivan, and

hastheC hicagoStock x change

ofH ABSdocumentationand

terest intheworkoftheChicago

sa noteworthyforayintothelate

tiethcenturiesfortheSurvey.


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L W I TH

GS

R I NG

PE

D

S

D DI R C T Y

E RAG TH IC N SS

IN IS H E D F O O R

ae sO eF OO R

(FU L SIZ E ) F O OR

orMOR TA R

s ,2X 6 ' S, TC.

M OV E D FO R

S

UNDATION

BA U

F E T

-r F _- IM T R S

. G O D Y , R

m m: A O D O C AT I OO o r s fn o or o ns S u y g y Q H I S T O RI C A M R I CA N . .. .n m m

O RN IA _ _U G H Q U S B U L D | N G S

O A I OO A m m: O o V I C .

P A o TM O o r H E m rz mo a H N A , MO NT AN A

E E TS

a, Montana C harlesB . Goldy , r. , de lineator, 1965 H A B SNo. MT-17. Thisdeta ilo f the lugeHouse

Pachwerbau methodofconstruction.It wasrecordedbystudentsfromtheUniversityof Montanaas

munderthedirectionof theWesternR egiona lo f ficeofNPSandfundedbyMission 6 .

gtheSantaFeTrail hadrecently

nalParkServiceand designated

. ClosetotheWashingtono ice ,

daspectsoftheChesapeake

aspart ofthecontinuedeffort to

t historicalpark.TheWestern

fNPSusedMission 6 fundstohire

tyofMontanatohelp them

man Pachw erbau constructed

na, Montana. ik ewise , studentsfrom

chnologypreparedmeasured

entationforsiteslikethe elegant

useinPittsburgh.

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rshipwascommittedtocontinuing

ye pandedfederalpreservation

Ronald eefeaturedH ABS

torConradWirthon the

e inhistoricpreservation, openspaces,

awtheParkServices work

majorurbanareassuch as

, Boston, St. ouis, andWashington,

broadeningtheculturaland

rksystem. stablishingpopular

brought amuchlargerpercentage

act withtheNPS. venmore

mssuchasH ABS,theNational

ndBuildings,andthe National

sist withpreservationinitiatives

system. eew rotespeci ca lly

Foundation

ngsSurveycrewshave

ngmuchdataofgreat interest

s.H ABScontributed

fortheCollegeH illplan

d.Theyhavealsogiven

apolis,Maryland,where

onprogramisunderway.

ABS,nowsoe ectivelyre-activated,

historicbuildingsare

preservationprogramsare

t culminatedwiththeendofthe

he f tie thanniversaryof theNationa l

eof the196 Nationa lHistoric

Miss ChristieMcFall,(19 August 1955),Bo 1,RG515,NARA.

sV int,ChiefofDesignandConstructiontoMembersof theH ABSAdvisoryBoard,27 anuary1958,

ard,GeneralCorrespondence1953-1979,RG515,NationalArchives.Andinfact, someregionswere

surveysat all.Thiswasgenerallyeitherbecausetherewas nosponsororAIA contact toundertake

chitectsontherolls oftheunemployedtomakeit work.Also,becausetheinitialprogrambegan in

ionswheretheweatherconditionswereunfavorable,nosurveywasattempted.

waseventuallyformedforthepurposeofcreating anationallisting,supplantingH ABS at least intheory-

ctuality,thegoalwasnot realizeduntilthecreationofthe NationalRegisterin196 6 .

rchitect toC ha irman, SteeringC ommittee , Mission 6 6 , (30 March1955), Bo 1, R G515, NA R A .

gramstartedat IndependencePark in1951, it thene pandedto includethenew park at H arper sF erry ,

tak enupby theWashingtonandSanF ranciscooff ices. Peterson, Thirty earso fHA B S, 85. The

rk,however,wasset inthe1930sat theUniversityofV irginia,theUniversityofNewH ampshire,Armour

wIllinoisInstituteof Technology),AlabamaPolytechnicInstitute,ClemsonCollege,andGeorge

terson, OurNationa lA rchives, 4.

m inutesofmeetingofA dvisoryBoard, GrandTetonNationa lPark , September7-9, 1955. It isstated Whereas,

rkServicehasdevelopedaverysuccessfulprogramof summeremployment ofarchitecturalstudentsfor

srecentlyacquiredbythe Service, NationalArchivesRG515,RecordsoftheAdvisory Board,General

, 1953-1968.

eNationa lA dv isoryB oardofH A B S, F isca l ear1958, B o 1, R G515, NA R A .

sC.V int,ChiefofDesignandConstructionto ChiefofPrograms, H istoricAmericanBuildingsSurvey

anuary1959; Nationa lA rchivesR G515, R ecordsof theC hie fo fP lanning, 1951-196 8, bo 1.

nalDirectortoDirector, (28 uly1960), Notebook No. 9, R G23 Mission C o llection, H arper sF erry .

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n

the l lcit ioncilHistoricP reservcit ionA ct o f I96 6

nt oftheNationalH istoricPreservation

beginningofa newerainfederal

o f signi cant cultura lresource

portunitiesforfederaloutreach

lization.Theestablishment

fHistoricP laces, fo re ample ,

s u rv e y r o le e n vi s io n ed b y H A B S a nd s o

nitscoremission producingand

ublicdocumentationofsigni cant

he196 6 Act invokedthelanguage

Sprogramafewdecadesearlier,

svanishingarchitecturalheritageand

legacyofourculturefor future

medit necessaryandappropriate

t toprovidesupport toprivate

ocal governmentsundertaking

tives.

withvariousorganizationsto

ucturesasa meansofbreathing

wns,andalleviatingtheeffectsof

reats.Also,underSection 106

nprogramwasinitiatedwhereby

redordemolishedastheresult

saretobe recordedtoH ABS

that thedocumentationbe

lectionat the ibraryofC ongress

futuregenerations.

PAlegislationwasthe

tionandspecializationof

ramsthat hasservedtogreatly

eadthofarchitectural study

rendw asmost signi cantly

bythecreationof theH istoric

Record(HA R )in1969. A lthough

recordingeffortsstructures

bridges,andlighthouses,

ec i c a ll y t o do c um e nt A m er i ca s

achievements.TheearlyH A R

theattentiontoarchitectura ldesign

eofH ABSdocumentation

oastrongerfocus onindustrial

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eafuture withgreatermeaning,wemust concernourselvesnot onlywiththehistorichighlights,

elveswiththetotalheritageofthe nationandallthat isworthpreservingfromourpast

sent. l1l

tothe ndingspresentedbya

storicPreservationlzlintheir

chencapsulatestheurgencyfelt

0sasurbanrenewalswept away

unitiesinthenameofprogress

nstructionboomed.Urbanand

oceededapace.H ighwayscut

ryside,bypassingtownsand

chitecturalsignsofprogress,

arringinscale, replacedthe

ast erasinbroad,indiscriminate

onintoneighborhoods

dedbyaseeminglackofdirection

ofthe process.Thistrendwas

hersocialandculturalupheavals

ghts, w omen srights, theco ldw ar

the V ietnamWar.Therapid

eatedamoment ofawarenessof

tsidethemovement itself,from

he upperechelonsofgovernment

ABSworkedwithnumerous

ourcescompromisedbythese

tsof recordingbecamedecidedly

p l e wa s t he S w e et A u bu r n H i s t o ri c

richest Negrostreet inthew orld,

hwayproject.Manyhistoric

fact H ABSwasnowcalled

at wereknowinglyfacingthe

servationmovement needed

uidance,bothinpreservation

al aspectsofconservation,

.Theprivatewingofthenational

w ascodi edin1949 astheNationa l

vation,l3lbut wasperennially

edtheauthoritytogrant or

nprojects,yet hadtheabilityto

ardtheacquisitionofopenspace

c structuresindesignated

oorganizationhadtheauthority

offederalagencies,or those

amsandobjectiveswiththoseimplemented

5lAnd theFederalH ighway

ngtoconsideraroadw ay simpact

ogical,andpaleontological

theycould,theNationalTrust

nanumberof preservation

s.Fore ample,H ABSrecorded

ana,designatedbytheTrust as

nStreet rev ita izationpro jects.

ngperspectiveandconcernsof

alinscope.Preservationpolicy

ginguponanumberof

TheA ntiquit iesA ct o f1906 w asdirected

esalreadyon publicland.7l

lParkService withtheOrganic

eServicewithpromotingand

seofnationa lparks, monuments, and

ervethesceneryandthenatural

wildlifetherein,[.. .allthe

oyment ofthesameinsuch

sas willleavethemunimpaired

. l8lTheH istoricSitesA ct o f1935,

epreservationofhistoricand

nalstature . l9lMorespeci ca lly,

the identi cationorrecognit ion


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fAmericanarchitectureworthyof

t ion. I15IThemateria lsproduced

rereadilyavailableat the ibraryof

lectionalreadyhad provedtobe

tovariouspreservationprojects. et, the

m.Bytheirestimate,nearlyhalfof

byH ABShadbeendestroyed.

ortheailingpreservation

ngfederallegislationand

shapeandimplement thenational

a lleve l. The nationa lplan

eritageSoRichincluded:a policy

theAdvisoryCouncilonH istoric

l,state,andlocalagencyliaison

oupsandthegeneralpublic,and

ederalprograms theNational

sandcompanionprogramson

ndeconomicandta incentivesto

preservation,andrestoration.

ritageSoRichcamenot onlyan

need forhistoricpreservation

enecessarylegislation.I1 lThe

ationAct waspassedlaterthat year.

inedinWithH eritageSoRich,

97 speci ca llyprov idedagrants

ning,acquisition,anddevelopment

nFund) established

processandanindependent agency

and asamendedin1980,designated

vationOf cerastheconduit

efederalgovernment.I17IH ABS

thebene ciaryofstateandloca l

cant resources. F ore ample,

designatedasaNationalH istoric

w asoneof fourteensitesstatew ide

ngfortheH ABScollection

uteof ArchitectsandtheWestern

ty.

196 6 launchedpreservationists

ion duringw hichsubsequent lawsand

nedco llectiveresponsibilit iesto

a landnatura lheritage. I18IF ore ample ,

nvironmentalPolicyAct went into

almandateofNHPA w ase tended

593 whichdirectedthat allfederal

reforthe important buildings

.Fouryearslater,thePublic

eAct enabledtheGeneral

acquireandusespace inhistoric

mendedtoe tendthereachof

edlocalgovernmentsin1980, andto

rculturalgroupsin 1992.

hthelegalauthorityof preservation

rcesavailabletopreservationists

comprehensivenationalpolicy,the

uncilon H istoricPreservation,

tionalRegisterforH istoric

eNationalParkService,the

facoordinated,public-private

,andprotect America s historic

ces. It istheof cia lfedera ll ist o f

ofpreservation.Propertieslisted

udedistricts, sites,buildings,

at aresigni cant inA merican

eology,engineering,andculture.

00 listings,includingallhistoric

ystemand the2400 plusNH L s.I19I

rded byH ABS,National

tinguishedbyhavingbeen


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wasvirtuallyunknown.Indeed,

egionalofficercommented

nofkeyhistoricbuildingswas an

bothurbanrenewalprojectsand

ofurban-basedhistoricalparks,

areproudoftheir historyandwant

but not all]oftheirlandmarks. llll

ersofpeople,themarooningof a

ildingswithinotherwise

est atokengesture,strippingthe

t andinstitutinganot-always-

ndnew .

ndrapidityofdemolitionwasquickly

levelofpreservationactivism,

ssageofthe NationalH istoric

.Byestablishingasystemof

Statesandfosteringthe growth

preservationconsciousness,

edthat thebenefitsofthis

theculturallossesthat spurred

betweenurbanrenewaland

evanceinthetwenty-first century,

t waslikelynot predictablea

newaldistrictsarenowreaching

timatelybe evaluatedashistoric

. Withinthesystemset upby

ationistsmust weighthesignificance

strictsdoubly burdenedwith

qualitiesarenot yet appreciated,

tsarelinkedtoproblematic,

,publicpolicyand

f lectionsontheHistoryofHistoric

t ingthePast: ssaysonHistory

orter Benson,StephenBrier,

phia:TempleUniversityPress,1986),

mesC . Massey, P reservationThrough

oricP reservation18 ( ul-A ug1966 ):

renewal.

SRegion5Directorto theDirectoro f the

nrad . Wirth], 28 ul. 1960, red

Mission 6 , 1955-1966 , H arpersF erry

rsF erry, WV .

assistedagencieswith

iancebeginningin1980,H ABS

erequirement that documentation

ly signi cant properties

rallyfundedactionthat

teration.l22lSection

cumentationbedeposited

ss,oranotherappropriate

heSecretaryofI nterior,in

ngpassagesofNH PAthat

graphs,andothermaterials

ecutiveOrder11593 clari ed

themitigativeprocessasearlyas1971,

ngthat themateria lshadtocometo

eliminatinganypotential

3lInthisway,asanarchive,

eworkofthoseorganizations

tedwiththeconservation,

nanceofA merica shistoric

scribedmitigation

muchtosustainthe

helate 1990s,accounted

mentationwouldnot

hH eritageS0 Rich,it does

dangeredsitesforscholarly


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f architecture,history,and

andstructureoftheH istoric

anditssubsequent amendments

porarychangesimpactingtheway

understood,andinterpretedtheir

t alsobecameacatalyst foreven

hesea ll ied elds.

ndarchitecturalpractice,coupled

a landin uenceof theC o lonia l

dedmuchofthemethodological

ABSsurveyincludingthe

sprimarypractitioner:the

ian. Theyearsfo llow ingWorldWarII

itecturalmethodologyoverturned

oadlyspeaking,theseprinciples

knowledgeandstudyofhistory

fect ondesigninthiscountry.

ectedintheH ABSdocumentation

ecomemoremechanicalandless

raldetailswererelegatedtotheir

ationpreviouslyconveyedby

ehistoricalreports.Thereports,

gthandcomple ityasincreasing

anstoprovideevidencefor

tructureresultedin agreater

development.

assageoftheNH PA,architecture

adbecomelargelyestranged

uraleducationmovedforward

ociateddemiseof thearchitect-

rlygap lledby theembryonic

istory.Inpost-WorldWarI I

toriansweremost frequently

epartmentsofart history,and

singanarchitectura l canon

ndinternationalstylistic

Perhapsillogicalinhindsight,

shadverylittle todowith

servationmovementsgaining

,whichtraditionallyhadbeen

ensavingbuildingsthroughloca lcampaigns

entimental,emotional,andassociational

s. l2 lThere la tive lyconservative

rchitecturalhistoriansat this

oreat oddswiththerise ofsocial

demy,adevelopment that was

urpose, focus, andoutcomeofhistorica l

atmospherethat theUnited

dtheNH PA,legislationthat

ervationsystemoverseenbythe

practicedlargelyat thelocaland

mgeneratedaneedforskilled

cilelydrawupontheknowledge

sparatearmsofscholarshipand

boththearchitecturalcanonas

thebuilt environment fromits

ughsuchprogramsastheNational

s,theNH PAcreatedequal

esoflocal, state,ornational

plementingabroadand e ibleapproach

erty ssigni cancepromotedby

days.l28l

eNH PApassage,ever-increasing

eservationprofessionalsand

onemuchtounitethe once

architectura lhistorian and

l29lA lthoughstil lnot fully reconciled,

atlyaided bycontinued,parallel

velopmentsdirectedtoward


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ocumentationareindividualsites

e,ship,orsteelworks orlarger

nals,electronicgenerationand

arkwaysandroads.As themost

eringstructureonthelandscape,

nstayofHA R recording H A B S

an100 coveredbridgesprior

s,maritimedocumentationhas

ldUpon

gramfocus.Not until2000

herspecializationgenerate

mfromH ABS at that time,the

ndscapesSurveywasbornw iththe

capeto theforefront ofthe

anconsideringit astheanchorfor

ources withinandonit.

h[R eport o f theSpecia lC ommitteeonH istoricP reservation], andmark R eprint Series(1966 reprint,

ationPress,1983),194.

ssionedandpublishedbytheNationalTrust forH istoricPreservationandaSpecialCommitteeofthe

s.It cameout in anuaryof196 6 ,althoughthecommitteewascalledtogetherin 196 4andtraveled

ate uropeanpreservationmodels.

,192-93.

servation aw s, 12.

and1965. WithH eritageSoR ich, 190-91.

ribedinSection2of theH istoricSitesAct.

,190; BarryMackintosh,TheNationalH istoricPreservationAct andtheNationalParkService:A H istory

ervation aw s, asamended2006 edit ion, 24-27.

cP reservation aw s, (asamended)2006 dit ion, 5- .

eH istoricSitesSurveyandNationalH istoric andmarksProgram:AH istory(DC:DOI,1985).

v ingA merica sH istoric nv ironments, editedbyA ntoinette . ee(Washington, DC: P reservationPress,

at NTH P AnnualMeeting,SanFrancisco,CA,October1991].Onthe occasionofthe25thanniversary

erenceaddressedhowfarthepreservationmovement hadcome,andidenti edcurrent needs.Oneof

therecognitionoftheneed toconsidermulticulturaltopics,ofthe needforculturaldiversity.Seealso,

DiscoveringOldC ulturesintheNew World: TheR oleof thnicity , inTheA mericanMosa ic: Preserv ingA

age, editedbyR obert . StipeandA nto inette . ee(Washington, DC : US/ ICOMOS, 1987), 179-206, especially195

ject inNicodemus, ansas.

h,191.

ch, 189-95 R obert . Stipe , H istoricP reservation: TheProcessandtheA ctors, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 1-34

heF ederalGovernment asStandardB earer, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 35-80.

WheretheA ctionIs: P reservationand oca lGovernments, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 119-22 l izabethA .

tes: P reservationintheMiddle , inTheA mericanMosa ic, 81-112.

decadeofdecision w asthetit leo faspeechgivenbyNationa lTrust C ha irman, GordonGray , to the1966 A nnual

ia l, preservationistsca lledfora decadeofprogress. WithHeritageSoR ich, 12-13.

TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- f ive ears 1


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ethodologies,ondQutreoch

fTheSecretaryof the Interi0r s

land ngineering

dH A B S/H A R methodsas

ngbygovernment agencies.

Standardsoutlineacceptablepractices

tesandstructuresto ensure

yofthei nformation,and

lstabilityofthe materials.

nwith theGuidelines

crequirementsandformatsfor

s,andphotographs.During

ithanumberofState H istoric

ces(SHPOs)torecordase lectionof

presentedthat state sow n

ritage.H ABSwasalsocalled

ationinsupport ofimportant

tiativessuchasthe creationof

iketheSouthwesternPennsylvania

(1988),andtheCaneRiverH eritage

ressionalfundingforregionally

ortssuchasthoseconductedin

iaandBirmingham,Alabama.

troductionofnewdrawing

puterAidedDrafting(CAD).

nddrawingtoCAD enabledthe

ucturessuchas the incoln,

tonmemorials. ikewise,traditional

naugmentedbydigita lly recti ed

e-dimensionallaserscanning.

hyservesasadrawingand

helarge-format black-and-white

essaryforo icialdocumentation.

e tedfromnewtechnologies

madeavailabletothepublic via

AmericanMemoryproject ofthe

otherimportant initiativewasthe

arles .PetersonPrize,astudent

t ofmeasureddrawingsprepared

prizeisintendedto encourage

entationprocess.Andin2000,

andscapesSurvey (HA S)w as

tersectionbetweenthebuilt and

TheHistoricA mericonB ui dingsSurveyot Seventy -f ive eors 5


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5 I

21- u. u

2 .I . Af t; / f r . 3? 2 1I

1. --

T C.

R

~ 1 - =

i n: 3 2 ,. -/ 5 .- :

t il t

gl u i 3 ,:

3 5 @

. 2

SA - 1 i 9 e,

/ 5 ~ " i iI .= 2

3 3 I 5

4 3 - I I -2

I = 3 >

RI Q

. .. _ _

Q

j 1 .,

_ ' l g fg ll

' 1 . .. . __ _ _. u i i g- , s_ _ s - si _ j l _ o n a s s j 3 ' 2 - I i I - F- 4 : 3 -_ a ~ _ 7_ j __ s -d g 3 4 4 a -g 9 __ g s ,- g % j _ _ e F -4 , _ , I t- N g i g -i i -s 4

N _ r _ 1 - g~ s _ I , H i s ,e - Fl e - 5- 4 I i t s -s _ i l -s - 0 I l l 9~ 5 : 0 __ l 41 - 2- s T i 5- ~ s _ ' I


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phedfromtheU.S.ParkPolice

minethe preciselocationsofthe

rthestructure selevations.

edigitalcamerashaveprovenaboon

teams. Tradit iona lly, teamsused35mm

apture imagesinthe eldfor

ntheof ce. Thisprocess

oflogisticsande pense,

abletimelagrequiredfor

tingofthephotos.Digital

eseissuesmoot.Inaddition,

o f rela tive ly smalland at deta ils

ectlyintoCAD,scaled,andthen

andef fectiveWay tocapture elddata.

o t replacedlarge format,

S u M

l \ I \ \ \

1 . /P N uo i i ~ - I

L FlbNn

uu R

" 3._7 L ' l . _

l C 43 .

I.

L

u

CTIONT T


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veundertakingsinvolvingthetotal

0 project todocument Murallas

hehistoriccityw allsbuilt by the

handeighteenthcenturieswhich

totallengthandcloseto seventy

ditiontotheH ABSarsenalof

esisthethree-dimensionallaserscanner.

multiplelaserpoints acrossa

e ld, result inginathree-dimensional point

ativelysophisticatedsoftware,surfaces

epo ints, andsubsequent slices

two-dimensionaldrawings.

ento beespeciallyappropriate

ralstructures, suchasthe

odocument theStatueof iberty.

ectsinvolveissuesoflogistics,

themethodologiesdescribed

ddrawbacks.Thepracticalresult

ingisthat,in fact,nearlyall

combinationof thevarious eld

ogiesdiscussedabove,including

g. achofthedevicesdescribed

A B S too lk it . While, asnoted,

__ _

_


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lsoembracesoneNational

dandMagnoliaplantations,

Sites.Thestateentitiesare

nofthe originalFrench

heSpanishfort andmission

mericanFort essup.It also

nalH istoric andmarks:

hitoches,plusMagnolia,

a teC hopinHouse, osA daes,

lasregionallysignificant

ches,andschools.

ntoplantationagriculture,

risindeliblyetchedon

ralformsandbuilding

agetoroofstructures

frompiece-sur-piece

dingstowoodframe

ouses,fromsmallscale

cottongins,reflect

weentheriverandland.

andparcelsarevisiblein

ows,landscapefeatures

sof ouisiana sF rench

lcenters,bothintownalong

rat theplantationstores,

bywater,road,andrail,

oawidertradenetworkand

ralminglingthroughthe

goods.Cemeteriesand

anunderstandingoflife as

r.

1994,concurrentlywiththe

lH istoricalPark,theNational

natedacomprehensive

agedthepreservation

hedocumentationof

oricresources,andheritage

storicAmericanBuildings

buildings,streetscapes,

onalH eritageAreahas

s,providinglargeformat

rawings,andhistorical

rt tothecommunity.

tsvaryinscope, rangingfrom

eUniversityofV irginiatothe

rninWashingtonState.

erican andscapesSurvey (HA S)

anionprogramtoH ABSto

rdA merica shistoriclandscapes. Ina

nt tothat underpinningH ABS,

artneredwiththe ibrary

canSocietyof andscape

pport thenascent H A Sprogram.

e ectsthegrowingawarenessof

ortant touchstonesofnational,

.H istoriclandscapesvary

toseveralthousand-acre

rtheyrangefromdesignedto

andagriculturalto industrial

hes,estategardens,cemeteries,

st sites,suburbs,andabandoned

sideredhistoriclandscapes.

erasenseof communityandplace,

laces,affectedbythe forcesof

lopment,vandalismandneglect.

t areoftenunpredictableand

asonsandforthebene t o f future

t todocument theseplaces.[2]

ot projectswereundertaken

forrecordingthat address


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cks

ay

rdsigni cant e amplesofA merica s

ughtheproductionofdrawings,

smadepubliclyaccessible

ongress.Theprimarymissionis

uregenerations.Whileproviding

carryingno regulatorypower

Sdocumentationisusedby

, StateHistoricP reservationO ices,

ationsandprivateinstitutionsand

interpret,manage,andpromote

entationregularlyappears

H ousejournal,theNational

tion,andtheNPSCommonGround

olarly journals.It hasbeenused

hibitionsandbrochures,andfull-

Norton/ ibraryofCongressPress

rchitecture,Design& ngineering

y a c k a r ki n s W h er e W e i v ed ,

Trust.Throughinitiativessuch

rogramandthe PetersonPrize,

k toeducatethene t generation

at thesametimeaugmenting

R,andH A Scollectioncontain

historicsitesandstructures

gover 0,000 measureddrawings,

tographs,anduntoldpagesof

st heavilyusedspecialcollections

ss.Accordingtothe library,

eofAmerican s built

tionalclarityofthevisual

lackofcopyright restrictions

nlinecatalogsearcheseach

0 surveys,researchers

siverangeofbuildingtypes,

,andlandscapefeatures

ntimestothepresent day

eUnitesStatesand

veHA B Shasmuchtobeproudof ,

ecturaleducationand

sechallengesthat H ABS

gto address.

TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSOrveyat Seventy- f ive ears85


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uildingsSurveywasoriginally

tiativeintendedto last four

nditsestablishment wasso

enduredchangesinboth

oliticaladministrationto

nt today.That ideawasnot just

eof thenation sarchitectura l

epresenteda completeresume

t f romthehigh-sty letothehumble

wasalsointendedtoprovide

hebuilt environment aconcept

waswhenH ABSwaslaunched

st federa lpreservationprogram.

ofH ABSresidesinthe scopeandpublic

on,aswell asintheestablishment

cordinghistoricarchitecture.

aresourceforthoseof all

nhistoryandarchitecture,

s,andphotographsarewidely

onforinitiativesrangingfrom

tion.

ve, HA B Sfacesmanycha llenges,

eralbudgetstochanging

tice,andquestionsabout

wrecordingtechnologiesthat

iseitsstandardsforquality

pitewidespreadinterest in

rstudentsandprofessionals

ABSstandardsthanhaveinpast

actorofmethodologicalshifts

ABSisverygratefulfor the

hostill leadstudent drawings

ograms,forthemost part,have

yofhistoric buildingsasameans

sofdesignandconstruction.

hotographstoH ABSstandards

suming.Asan alternative,

cordingtechnologiessuch as

hotography.Whilepromising

esetechnologieslackthe

mediumsusedtocreateH ABS

underminethehands-on

yH A B Sandothersinterestedinthe

otentialforrenewedinterest in

rea ofinvestigationforstudents.

majorityofcurrent architectural

-e istingstructures.At the

suchastheAmericanInstitute of

ust forH istoricPreservation,

uchasDwell magazineare

tonasa green a lternativeto

atesa lsopoint to thebene ts

ngtheprotectionofolder

otherwisebedisruptedby

ofearly fabricine changeforrepetit ive ly

ming McMansions.

technologiesforthe

sitesandstructures?Should

thearchiva lstabil ityofblack-and-w hite,

sfordigitalimageswithout the

anteereproductioninthefuture?

ngstandardstoencouragegreater

ABSforgothecarefulhand-

e ldnotingusedtoproduce itsdraw ings

sofacentury?Manyof the

hodependupontheaccuracy

ethese ideas. et theco llection

ctionincontributions.Thisis

ofthevernaculararchi

american place : the historic american buildings survey at seventy-five years

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