American Pageant: Chapter 27 Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis Written by Rev. Josiah Strong Anglos had a responsibility to Civilize and Christianize 7 perils Catholicism Mormonism Socialism Intemperance Wealth Urbanization Immigration Influence of Sea Power upon History, Alfred Thayer Mahan Role of sea power and needs for a strong navy Geography Government Population Control of Sea = World Domination Big Sister policy James Blaine 1880s Called for an alliance between U.S. and Latin America Open Latin American markets to American traders Venezuela ( ) Richard Olney (Sec. of State under Cleveland) warned gold hungry Britain that invading Venezuela violated Monroe Doctrine Britain rejected claim but chose not to fight Great Rapprochement 1898 Reconciliation between Great Britain and the U.S. Shared interests Britain worried about Germany and Russia Britain sided with U.S. during Spanish-American War Hawaii in the 19 th century 1840s U.S. warned other countries to stay away 1887 Pearl Harbor naval base established Americans in Hawaii wanted it annexed to relieve affects of tariff Queen Liliuokalani overthrown by minority whites 1898 Annexed under McKinley Would not become a state until 1959 Cuba Tariff of 1894 created hardships for Cuba Rebel army revolted Spanish were treating Cubans poorly 200, ,000 died in camps Congress recognized revolt of Cubans, but Cleveland did not Yellow Journalism Sensationalized News Result of Competition William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer Maine incident Feb 15 th, 1989 ship exploded U.S. blamed Spain, Spain said it was internal Publications led to U.S. people calling for war McKinley Declares War Madrid already agreed to demands End camps Peace with Cuban rebels Declared war on April 11 th, 1898 believing it was the peoples will Teller Amendment Promised Cuban independence once Spain was defeated Dewey and Manila Americans outnumbered 5 th largest navy May 1 st, 1898 attacked 10 ship Spanish fleet Captured bay August 13, 1898 Attack on Cuba Spanish Admiral Cervera Rough Riders Organized by Teddy Roosevelt Volunteer cowboys and ex-athletes Spanish fleet destroyed July 3 rd, 1808 Meanwhile General Nelson Miles takes over Puerto Rico Armistice August 12 th, 1898 End of the War Guam and Puerto Rico ceded to the U.S. Foraker Act of 1900 Popular government US citizenship in 1917 Insular Cases Constitution did not extend to Philippines and Puerto Rico Paid $20 million for the Philippines Manila ended day after war technically ended Left Cuba in 1902 Cubans promised to lease land to the U.S. for bases