american national - vertical pumps - can

8/9/2019 American National - Vertical Pumps - Can

1/53

ANSVH12.6-1994

American National Standard for

Vertical

ump Tests

Sponsor

Hyd

r

au l

ic

lnstitute

Approved August 23 94

American National

Standards

lnstitute

lnc.


2/53

American

National

Standard

Published

by

Approval oi an American National Standard requires venfication by ANSI that the

requirements for due process, consensus and other entena for approval have been met

by the standards developer.

Consensus is establishedwhen, in the judgement

of

the ANS

1

Board ofStandards Review,

substantlal agreement has been reached by directly and materially atfected interests.

Substanhal agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessanly

unan1m1ty.

Consensus

reqwes

that all views and objections be cons•dered. and that a

concened

eHon

be made toward their resolution.

The

use of Amencan National Siandards is completely voluntary; the•r ex1stence does

not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from

manuiactunng, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not

conformmg lo the standards.

The Amencan

Nat1onal

Standards lnstitute does not develoo standards and will in no

circumstances give an interpretat1on of any Amencan National Standard. Moveover, no

person shall have the right or authonty to issue an mterpretation of an Amencan Na

lOna

Standard in the name t the American National Standards lnstitute. Requests for

interpretallons should be addressed to the secretaria or sponsor whose name appears

on the tille page

oi

~ i s standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This Arrencan National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at

any

time. The procedures of the American National Standards lnstitute reouire that action

be

taken periodically

to reaffirm

revise,

or

wllhdraw this standard. Purchasers of

American National Standards may receive curren mformation

on

all standards

by

calling

or wnting the American National Standards lnstitu

te.

Hydraulic

l

nstitute

9

Sylvan

Way

,

Parsippany

NJ

07054 3802

Copynght

1994 ©

by Hydraulic lnstitute

All nghts reserved.

No

part of this publication may be reproduced in

any

form

. in an ele tro

me

retneval system or otherwase

wllhout pnor wntten permission of the pubtisher.

Pnnted in the United States of Americe

ISBN

1·880952 0S·X

Recycled

paper


3/53

Contents

Page

Foreword • .

• • • • • •

.

2

6 Test

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.6.1

Scope . . . .

• • • • • • • • •

.

1

2 6 2 Types

t

tests . . • • 1

2 6 3 Terminology

•

.

•

. . • • . • • •

1

2.6.4

Hydrostatic test

• •

•

• • •

. .

7

2.6.4.1

2.6.4.2

2 6 4 3

2 6 4 4

2 6 5

2 6

.

5 1

2 6

.

5 2

2 6 5.3

2.6.5.4

2.6.5.5

2 .6 5 6

2 6 5 7

2 .6 5 8

2 6 5.9

2 6 5 10

2.6.5.11

2 6 6

2 6

.6.1

2 6

.

6 2

2.6 .

6 3

2.6 6 4

2.

6 6 5

2.6.6.6

2.6.7

2 6 8

2

5

.9

2 6

.

10

2.5.11

2.6 .12

Object1ve . • . . . .

. .

Test parameters . • . .

• •

7

Test procedure

• • • • • • • •

• 8

Records • • •• • • . 8

Performance test . . .

•

. • • • • • • • • . 8

Acceptance cnteria

• •

•••• • • • 8

W tness ng of tests . . . . • • • • 8

Acceptance test tolerances

. . • • • • .

lnstrumentation

• • ••• •

.

Test setup

•

. .

.

Pretest data requirements . . • . • .

•• . .

. 8

. 9

. 9

Records . .

. .

. . . .

. . .

.

13

Calculations .

Plott1ng results

13

. 15

Test at non rared speed .

. . 15

Repon

t

test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

•

. .

17

Net

pos

irive suction head required test

17

Objective .

• • • • • • • • • •

17

Test arrangement

•

. • • • • . • • • 17

Test pr

oce

dure . • • • • •

19

Suction conditions

• • • •

.

• 20

Records .

• • •

20

Report

t

test .

• • •

•

• • • • • •

21

Measurement

t

capacity . . . . 21

Head measure

me

nt .

• •

• •

• • •

24

Power measurement

• ••

. . 27

Methods of rotary speed measurement . . • 28

Temperatura measurement and instruments • • • • . 29

Model tests . .

•

. . 29


4/53

Foreword Not

part of

Standard)

Purpose

and aims of the Hydraulic lnstitute

The purpose and aims oi the lnstituteare to promete the cominued growth and well

being

of

pump manufacturers and further the interests of the public in such matters

as are mvolved in manuíacturing, engineering, distribution, safety, transportation

and other problems

of

the industry, and to this end, among other things:

a. To develop and pub lish standards for pumps;

b. Tocollect and dissemmate informalionof val ue to its members and lo he pub lic;

c To aopear for its memoers befare governmental departments and agencies

and other bodies in regara to matters affecting the induslry;

d. To in crease

the

amount and to improve the quality

of

pump e r v ~ e

lo

the publi

c;

e. To suoport educattonal and research activities;

t

To promete the bustness 1nterests

of

its members but not to engage in bustness

of

the kind ordinanly carned on for profit or to perform part icular serv1ces for its

members

or

in

dividual persons

as

disnnguished

from

activ1ties to improve

the

busmess condlhons and lawful interests

of

all of its members.

Purpose

of

Standards

1 Hydraufic lnstltute Standards are adoptad in the public tnterest and are

aestgned to heip ellm1nate m1sunderstandings between manufacturar. the

purchaser and/or the user and to assist the purchaser in selechng and obta1ning

the proper product t r a particular need.

2. Use of Hydrau lic lnstitute Standards is completely voluntary. Ex1stence of

Hydraulic lnstitute Standards aoes no1 in ny resper.t preclude a member from

manufactunng or selling products not conformtng to 1he Standards.

Definition

of

a

Standard

of

the Hydraul

ic

lnstitute

Ouotmg from Article XV Standards. of the By-Laws of the lnstitute, Section B:

•An lnst1tute Standard defines the product. material, process or procedure with

reierence

lo

one

or

more

of

the followmg: nomenclatura. composition. construction,

dimens1ons. tolerances. safety, operating charactens lcs, pertormance, quality,

rating, testtng and service for which designed."

Comments from users

Comments from users

of

th1s Standard w be appreciated. to help the Hydraulic

lnst1tute prepare even more useful future editions. Ouestions ansing from the

content

of

this Standard may be directed to the Hydraulic tnstJtute wlli direct all

such questions to

the

appropnate technical comm1ttee for provision of a suitable

answer.

lf

a dispute ansas regarding contents

of

an lnstitute publication or an answer

provided

by

the lnstitute toa question such

as

mdicated above, the point in question

snall be referred to the Executive Committee

of

the Hydraulic lnstitute. wh1ch then

shall act as a Board

of

Appeals.

-


5/53

Revisions

The Standards of he Hydraulic lnstitute are subject to review, and revisions are

undertaken whenever

it

is found necessary because of

new

developments and

progress in the art.

Seope

This Standard

is

for vertical diffuser type centnfugal pumps.

lt

includes detailed

procedures on

the setup ano conduct oí hydrostatic

ano

periormance tests of such

pumps.

Severa methodologies te test centrifuga and vertical pump equipment are available

to pump manufacturers. users

and

other interested part1es. The United S ates has

two sets

of

pump test Standards which represent two approaches to conducting and

evatuat1ng pump performance. One, promulgated by the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and designated PTC 8.2, Centnfugal Pumps,

provides ter two levels of tests and is based on a detailed precedure that produces

resutts

el

a low leve

oi

uncertainty. The other, promutgated by the Hydraulic lnstitute

(HI), designated l 1.6, Centnfugat Pump Tests and l 2.6, Vertical Pump Tests,

also previdas for two levels

of

test

n

which the test procedures are tess restrictiva.

The ASME Cede relies en the parties te the test to agree beforehand on the Scepe

and Cenduct of the test and does not spec1iy how the test results shall

be

used te

compare w1th guarantee. The ASME

is

esoecially

su1ted

lo highly detailed pump

testlng, whereas

l

Standards

de a1l

test scepe, conduct and acceotance entena,

and are thus suited to commercial test practicas. ASME Cedes do not permit the

use of acceptability tolerances in reporting resutts, while the Hl Standards do. lt is

recommended that the specifier of tne test standard become fam1liar wtth both the

ASME Code

and

the

l

Stanaards befare selecting the ene best suited for tne

equ¡pment to be tested,

s1nce

there are a number of other d1íferences between the

two whicn may aifect accuracy or cost oí the tests.

8oth the ASME and Hl Standards can oe used for testing in either field or iactery

1nstallations. The detailed requirements ef the ASME test Code are 1ntended to

reduce the effect

of

vanous installation auangements on performance results and

are applied more to field tesung. The

l

Standard spec1íies test p1pmg and more

controllable conditions.

wh1ch

is more su1table te factory tesung. The H Standards

o not address field testing. Surveys nave shown lhat both ASME and l Standards

have oeen apolied successfully te applications from small chemical pumps 1 hp)

te

large utility pumps (over 5000 hp).

Un

its t

M

easur

eme

nt

US Cus10mary

u01ts t

measurement

ar

e predom1nantly used. and, where ao·

preonate, Metnc

unJ

eauivalents appear in brackets tollowmg the US units. Sample

calculations are shown w1th US unlts only.

¡¡¡


6/53

Consensus for this standard

was

achieved by use o the Canvass

Method

The followtng organizatlons, recognized

as

having an interest in the standardization

of vertical pumps, were contactea pnor to the aoproval of this revision of the

stanaard . lnclusion in this list aoes not necessarily imply that the organization

co

ncurred with the submmal

of

t

he

proposed standard

to

ANSI.

Agnco

Chemical

Corooration

Amanean Petroleum lnstltute

Am

er. Society of Heatmg. Reirigerahng

& Air-Condtlíoning Engineers

Amer. Society of Mechantcal Engtneers

Amoco Oil Company

Aurora Industries

Bechtel Corporation

Black & Vearch

BPAmerica

Brown & Caldwell

Camp

Dresser

&

McKee. fnc.

CH2M Hill

Chiyoda lnternattonal Corporarion

Commonwealth

Ec

ison

DeWanti & Stowell

Dexter Corporation

DuPont Engineenng

Durametall•c Corporallon

Edison

Electncallnst

itute

Electric Power Research lnstitute

Flonda

Power

Corparatton

Flonaa Power & Lignt

Fluor Daniel

F eese and Nichois, lnc.

G.E.

Motors

HDR Engtneering

Holaolfd & Root

Hydraulic l

nst

itute

lnstitute of Paper Science & Tech.

iv

Joññ rane, lr.c.

Malcolm Pirnie, lnc.

Marine Sp tll Response Corporatton

Min Proc Eng., lnc.

Mobil Research & Development Corp.

Monsanto Chemical Cor l'pany

Montana State University

MontgomeryWatson

M. W. Kellogg Company

Naval Sea Systems

Naval Surtace Warfare Center

Newport News Sh tpbuilding

Paciiic Gas & Electnc

Raytheon Engineers & Ccnstructors

Rtverwood lnternational Georgta. lnc.

San Francisco Bureau oi Engineering

Siemens Energy & Automation

Simons-Eastern Consultants

Sordom-Skanska Construction Co.

Star Emerpnses

State arm Mutual Automcbtle lns. Co.

S tate oi Californta Dept. of Water Res.

Slone & Webster

Summers Engtneenng, lnc.

T

Hopkins-

Consultan

Tennessee Eastman

Untan Carbtde Chemicals & Plastics Co .

US 8ureau of Reclamarion


7/53

2.6

Test

2.6.1

Scope

Thts standard applies to tests

of

tne pump only,

untess stated otherwise.

The type

of

test(s) performed, and the auxiliary

eqUipment to be usad. should be agreed upon

by the

purchaser

and manufacturar pnor :o the

test.

lt

ís not the

mtent of l lts

star.dard to límtt or

restnct tes¡s

lo

only :nose descrobed heretn

Variattons in test procedures rnay exist without

violatmg the mtent of thts standard. Exceptions

may

be

taken

i

agreed upon by rhe

parties

involved wtthout sacrtfictng the validity

of

rhe

applicable parts of this standard

Thts standard is timtted to tne testing

of

vert•cal

d.ffuser type centr:fugal pumps wtth c:ear water.

The tests

c:mducted under

thesa stanoards shall

be macíe and reoorted Oy qualihed personnel.

2.6.1.1

Objec

tive

To provt·je uniform procedures for hydrostattc.

hydraultc, and mechantcal performa

nc

e testtng

of

verttcal

pumps and recording of the test

results. This standard •s tntended to define test

procedures whtch may be tnvoked by contrae·

:ual agreement

betweel

a ~ u r c h s e r and

manufacturar.

tS not

tntended

:o

jefine

a

IT'anufacturer"s s:anoard pract;ca.

2.6.2

Ty

p

es

of

tests

Thts standard descnbes the following tests:

a) Perlormance

testto

demonstrate hydraulic

and mechanical tntegnty;

and

the followtng opllonaltests when s¡;eci ted:

b)

Hydros:auc test

of

pressure-contamtng

components;

e) ~ e t oostuve suct;on neao recuirea test

(NPSHR test);

d)

Pn

ming time test.

For vtbration testing, see Hl

2 1 2 5 Verttcal

Pump Standards

and for atrbarne sound test·

tng see

Hl

9.1 J.S. Pumps

-

General

Gutoelines

2.6.2.1 Te

st

condilions

Unress otnermse

spectfted.

the capacity, head.

erftctency, NPSHR and pnmmg time are basad

Hl

Ven•cal Pump Test- 1994

on

snoo tests us.ng

water

corrected to 68°F

(20 C).

lf the factlity cannot test

at

rated speed

because of ltmttations tn power. eiectncal fre

quency,

or

available speed changers, the pump

may

be tested at between SO% to

200% of

rated

speed.

2.6.3

Termin

ology

The foflowing terms are used to ces:gnate test

oararr.eters or are used in connection wilh pump

testíngs.

2.6.3.1 S

ymbols

See Table 2.11.

2.6.3.2

Subscrip

ts

See Table

2.12.

2.6.3.3 Spe

cified conditíon point

Specrfted condtlion point is synonymous wtth

rated

COndJtiOn POtnl.

2.6.3.4 Rated

cond

i

tio

n point

Aated ccndttion potnt applies to the capactty.

head, speea, NPSH and power

al

tne pump

as

spec.tied by the purchase order.

2.6.3.5 Normal condi tion po int

Nor' l1at condtlton potnl aoclles :o me pomt

on

rat.ng curve

at

whtch the pumo will normal ly oper·

ate. lt may be the same as tne ratee condtllon

potnt.

2.6.3

.6 Best efl iciency p

oi

nt (b.e.p.)

The capacity and head at whtch the pump efficien·

e

y ( ¡

0

) is a maxtmum.

2.6.3.7 Shut off (so)

The conaition

of

zero flow where no liautd

15

flowtng througn the pumo.

2.6.3.8 Volume

Tne vntt oí volume shall be one t the followtng:

- US untts: US gallon;

- US untts: cubtc foot;

- Metnc: cubtc meter.

The spectiic wetghl

ot

water

at

a temoerature

of

68' (20 C) snall be :ai


8/53

1\

Table 2.11 - Symbols

; ;

US Customary

Symbot

Term

Unll

Abbrcviation

Conversion

<

'

Metric unit

Abbrev iati

on

a

ctor l

'

;·

-

: .

A

Arca

square inches in

square millimeter

mm

645.2

.

e

ll (beta)

Meter or

orilice

rat io

dimensionless

-

dtrnensionless

3

"O

o

Oiameter

inches

10

t

(delta)

Difference

dimensionless

-

millimeler

mm

5

4

_

'

dtmensionless

1

(eta) El lic iency

pcrcenl %

percent

%

1

ic meter

kN/m

3

o. t571

h

Head

fee l 11 meter

m 0.3048

H

Total

llead

fcc t lt

me

ter m

0.3041J

n

Speed

revo

lut

ions/m

in

ute

ll ffi

revolulions/minule

rpm

1

NPSHA

Net pos itiva suction head available

fee t

ft

meter m

0.3048

NPSHA Not pos

il

ive suction head required

lec t

ft

meter m 0.3048

Ns

Specilic speed N, = nQ'

1

2/ H

314

climensionless

- dirnensionloss

1. 162

v (nu)

Kinematic viscosity leet squared/second

ft

2

/sec

mi

llimotor squared/sec

mm

/s

92000

n

pi -31416

dimenslonless

-

d mcns

ionless

p

Pressure

pounds/squaro inch psi

kilopascal kPa

6 095

p

Power

ho

rsepower

hp kilowall

kW 0.7•157

q

Capacity

cub1c

feotl >econd ft

3

/sec cubic rnelér/ltour

m

3

/h

101.94

a Capacity US gallons/minute gpm

cubic metor/hour

m

3

/h 0.2271

p (rho) Oensily

pound

mass/cubic f

oot

lbmlll' kilogram/cubic

meter

kg/m

3

t6 02

S

Specilic gravlty dtmensionless -

dimcnsionl

ess

1

t

Temperature degrees Fahrenheit

•F

dcgrcos

Cetcius

•e

('F 32) x fJ \1

T (tau) Torque

pound leet lb·lt

Newton mel

er N·m

1 356

V

Vel

oc1

ty

lcetlsecond

ftlsec metor/second

m/s

0.3048

X Exponent o e o o

n

on

e

non

e

1

z

Elevalion gauge dlstance above feúl l t melar

"'

0.3046

or betow

datum

l Conversion factor x US unils = rnetfic umts.


9/53

Hl

Ven•cal

Pump

Test

-1994

Table 2.12 - Subscr ip ts

Subscript

Ter

m

Test

conoit1on

or model

2

Soec fic conaition or prototype

a Absolu e

atm Atmospheric

b

Baromeldc

ba

Bow

l assembly

d Discharge

dvr

Driver input

g

Gauge

l i

lntermedjate mechanism

max Max1mum

2.6.3.9

Capacity Q)

The

c a p a c • ~ y

ot a

pump

is the total volume

throughpul

per

un•t

ot

tiMe at suct1on cond•tlons.

1 assumes

entra•neo gases at the

stated

operat1ng condtlions.

2.6.3.1O Speed (n)

The

nu mber of revo

lutions

t

the

shafl

in

a

gtven

unn of time. Speed

is

expressed as revoluttons

per minute.

2.6.3.11

Datum

The reference line or eye

of

the firs:

slage

•mpeller

Jror:

wntcn all e.evauons are

measured

see Fig·

ure 2.51 ).

Opttonat tests

can ce periorr.ed

.vtlh

Jhe pump

mounted m a

suclion can.

lrrespec:tve ot pump

mount.ng,

:ne oump s

datum

is

mam1a1ned

al

the

eye t the first stage impeller \See Figure 2.52).

M3XJr \Lom

orl t

re c=a.-e•9r

fiCUtteQ

anal

:le•

Su b

s

cript

mot

01

OA

p

S

V

vp

Term

M•namum

\olotor

Operallng tempera

u re

Overall

unot

Pump

Sucilon

Test temperature

Theoretlcal

Veloc•IY

Vapor pressure

Water

The elevation

head

(Z) :o the

datum

is posttJve

when the

gauge is

above

dalum and

egauve

when tne

g a u ~ e

is below dalum.

2.6.3. 12 Head h)

Head is lhe expressi

on

of the energy con1ent oí

Jhe liquid referred lo a daJum.

ft is

expressed in

units of

energy per

unlt we•ghl of liqUid. The

measuring un

it

lor

head

is

foot

(mete

r)

o

l

iqu

id.

2.6.3.1 2.1 Gauge head hg)

The oressure energy

ot

the

fiqu d

determinad

by

a pressure

gauge or other

pressure measunng

oevice:

. S . )

2.31) 62.3) pg) 2.31 p•)

U

umts

n = =

y S

h

_ g_

Metnc)

g

=e.B

Ma.x11T11..m

1 1 1 1 ~ t

< ~ a l ' e a•arneter

er:u:.Jt

r . ' o ~ x e a now

veruc ar COUQI•

il.letton c : e n t n l ~ o ~ - ; ¡ 1

V e r t ~ e a

cenrnfu9 a1

tnciO O

•mo rl r

Fi

gure

2.

5

-

Datum elevatlons

fo

r v

arious

pum

p

de

s

tgns

3


10/53

Hl Vertical Pump Tes1 - 1994

CRIV A

r

OIS H RGE

HEAO

1 D i S ~

CAN

80 Hl

ASSEMBLY

OATUM

1

z

Fi

gure

2.

52

Firs

t

stage

i

mpel

l

er

datum closed

suction

- can

pump

2 .6.3.12.2 Velocity head h

v)

The kinetic

energyot

the liqUJd at a given section.

Velocity head

is

expressed by the following equa

tion:

¡.

h

2

g

2.6.

3.12

.3 Elevation head (Z)

The potentia l e nergy

of

the liquid due to this

elevation retatlve to a datum level

me

asu

red to

rhe center

of

rhe pressure gauge.

2.6.

3.12.4 Total

suction head (hs) -

open

suc

tion test

For ooen sucuon (wet

pi

) t

es

ts, the fir

st

stage

irnpeller ot the

bowl

assembly is submerged in a

pr t (see Figure 2.53 .

The to tal suction head (h,) at datum see Figure

2.51) is the submergence in feet

of

water

Zw) .

The

erage

velocJty head

of

the flow

JO

the pi

is

small enough to be neglected:

Where

Zw =

vert

rc

al drstance JO feet from lree

wate

r surface to da tum.

4

NO

TE-When absolute suction head •• reqUJred lor

NPSH considerari

ons

,

re

ter

10

Paragraph 2.6.6.4

for

defimtlon.

2.6.3.12 .5 Total suction

he

ad (h

s)

- closed

suction test

F

or

closed suction tests, tne

pump

suction nozzle

may

be located erther above or below gr

ade

level

(see Figure 2.54).

The

tma

l suctron head (h,), referred

to

the

eye of

the first stage imoeller, is the algebrarc su m of the

suction gauge pressure in feet (h

9

, plus the

velocity head

(hvs) at

point oi gauge attachment

plus the elevation Z,) from the sucuon gauge

centerline or manometer

zero) to rhe

pump

datum:

The suction head (h,) rs pos•trve when the sucuon

gauge r

eao

ing

is

above atmosphenc pressure

and negat•ve when the reading 1s below atmos

pnenc pressure oy an amount exceeoing the sum

oi the elevation head

and

the velocrty head.

NOTE-

When

abso luta suction

head

is reouired

for

NPSH considerauons, see Paragraph 2.6.6.4

or

detinition.

1

¡ .

''

. . l . c . r u ~ o t

lt t P( .\.{11

Y

Figu re

2 . 5 3 -

Total suction head

-

open

suction


11/53

z

SUCTICN

VESSEI.

(CAN)

BOWI.

ASSEMSI.Y

Figure

2.54

-

Total

suction

head - clo sed suction

2.6.3.12.6 Total d ischarge head (hd)

The

total

discnarge

head (hd) is the sum of tho

discharge

gauge heao (h

90

, discharge vetocity

head hvd) and the elevauon head (Z,;) from the

discharge

gauge centertine

to

the pump datum

(see Figure 2.55).

For

focation

of

mstrurrems

for

head

measure·

rnents, see Paragraoh 2.6.8.2.

2.6.3.12.7 Total head (H)

Th1s is

the

measure

of

work increase per Jnlt

rnass o

the

liqu1d,

impaned

to

the

liqu1d oy the

pump. and ts the algeora:c difference between the

total

discharge

head and the total suct•on head.

This is the head normally spec1fied for pumpmg

applicauons. Since the complete charactensucs

of a system determine the total head

reqwed,

this

value must be specified

by

the user.

2.6.3.12.7.1

Open suction tests

For

open suct,on tests, tne :otal head (H) is the

sum of the pressure head

h ~ )

measured

on

the

d1Scnarge p1pe cownstream from the discharge

head. plus the veloc•tY nead (h.) at pomt

of

gauge

auachment. plus tne

vemcel

distance

(Z

0

)

from

datum to

the

pressure gauge centerline, m1nus

the submergence

(Z*)

(see Figure 2.55).

Hl Vertical Pump Test - 1994

H

=

h

0

-

hs

=

hga

+

hvd

+

Za)

- Z.

Hydraulic fosses oetween

the bowl

assemoly and

the d;scnarge nozz:e are

cnarged

to

the

purnp.

2.6.3.12.7.2 Bowt

assembly

total head Hba)

(established

on open

suctlon test).

This is the developed head at the dlscharge of the

bowl

assembly and is a mult1ple ol the head

per

stage

as typically

shown

on the pump

manutac1urer s rati

ng

curves.

The bowl assembly total head (H,.) is the gauge

head (h l l) measured at a gauge connection la·

cated

on

the

column

pipe downstream from the

bowl

assemoly, plus

tne veloclly

head (h.)

at

po1nt

o

gauge connec:ton, plus the elevatton head

Zal

from catum to

the

pressure gauge centerline,

minus the

submergence ZN wh•ch is tt>e vertical

oistance trom

datum

te the liqu1d level.

oa

=

hga

T

hvd

+ a Zw

Frictton losses n suction p1pe and strainer, f useo

in the tes t setuo, must be odded to the

measureo

head. The lriction loss in the column between the

bowt assembly

outlet

and

the

gauge connect1on

must also be added

f

sígn1hcant.

2.6.3.12.7.3

Closed suctíon

tests

For closeo

suction

tests

(can

oumps),

and

wun the

total c:scnarge

' leao

(h

0

) and

the total sucuon

head (n,) re:erenceo to datum (Figure 2.56 , the

total head is:

=

hga + h.,

0

+ Z

0

) - hgs + h.,, + Z,

When

the suction gauge head (h

9

,)

s

negativa

(below atmosohenc) and the

gauge

connecting

fine free

oí

liquid. then Z,

becomes

the elevation

distance

irom the pump suctton

centerline

to

datum.

All hydraulic

losses

between

tne

purro suction

ano d:scnarge nozz•es are charged lo the pumo.

2.6.3.12.8 Atmospheric head ha•m)

Local

atmosphenc

pressure expressed

in

feet

(meters).

5


12/53

Hl Vertical Pump Test - 1994

2 6 3 12

.9

Net

positive

suction head available or

(NPSHA)

Net posittve suction head ava ilable (NPSHA) is

the total suction head

ol

liquid aosolute deter·

mmed at the lirst stage impeller datum. less the

absoluta vapor pressure

t

ti te liquid in head ol

l iquid pumped:

NPSHA

= hsa

hvp

Where:

hsa =Total suction head absolute = hatm + h

5

;

or

NPSHA

=harm + hs

·

hvp

·

'

. .

¡ ¡

H

voo L[• ;

(L

l l l l

·

• t;AIUU

. -.

..L-...::;., ~ o ~ I > L L I t f

r(

Figure

2 .55 -

Total

head-

open

suction

sv

cnor

G

AUGE \

(

US

units) NPSHA =

2

31

\

Parm

Pvp)

T ns

S

(

Metric) NPSHA = Patm - Pvp + h

9 .85 S

2 6 3 12 10

Net po s itive suction head re

quired (NPSHR)

Net

postttve suction head

reqwed

(NPSHR) is

the total sucuon head

t

liquid absolute deter

minad at the first stage impeller datum less the

absolute vapor pressure

ol

the liquid

tn

head of

liqutd pumped, required te preven more than

3°1.

loss in total head trom the first stage of the

pump

at a specilic capacity.

2 6 3 13 Power (P)

2 6 3 13

.1

Pump inpu

t

power

(Pp)

The pump input power is the power needed to

drive the complete pump assembly including bowl

assembly input power, line shalt power loss. stuff

ing box toss and thrust bearing loss. With pumps

havi ng a b

uilt-

in thrust bearing,

the

power

delivered to the pump shalt coupling is equal to

the pump input power. Wtth pumps that rely on

the dnver thrust beanng, the thrust beanng loss

shall

be

added

to

the oower delivered

to

t

he

pump

shaft. t is al so calleo brake horsepower.

2 6 3 13 2 Electric driver i

nput

power (Pmot

The electrical input to the driver expressed in

horsepower (ktlowatts).

flltST STC N .

Figure 2 .56 - Total

head-

closed suction

6


13/53

2.6.3.13.3

Bowl assembly

i

nput power

Pba)

The horsepower delivered lo he bcwl assembly

shaft.

2.6.3.13.4

Pump output power

(Pw)

The power imparted lo lhe liquid by the pump. lt

is

also

called water horsepower.

Ox Hx s

(US untts)

P

=

3960

. OxHxs

(Metnc)

Pw =

366

2.6.3.13.5

Bowl

assembly output

power (Pwoa)

The

power imparted to he liquid by the bowl

assembly.

lt

is

also

referred toas the bowl as·

sembly water horsepower.

2.6.3 .14

EHiciency

r¡)

2 6 3 14 1 Pump efficiency (llp)

The ratio

of

the pump output

power

(Pw) to the

pump input power (Pp); that is. the ratio of the

water horsepower to the brake horsepower ex·

pressed

as

a percent:

Pw

= p X

100

2.6.3 .14.2

Bowl assembly efficiency

(llba)

Th1s 1s the eíficiency obtained from the bowl

assembly, excluding all losses within other

pump

components.

This

1s

the

eíficiency usually

shown on published

performance curves.

To obtain

bowl

effic

ie

ncy, a complete pump mus

be tested. Losses. both hydraulic and mechani

cal,

altnbuted

to test components

other

than

the

bowl assembly mus be considerad. Thus, we

have the following considerations.

Bowl

assemb ly

head (Hba) is

measured as

stated m Paragraph

2.6.7.12.6. Fnction

losses

n

suct10n p1pe

and

stra1ner.

f

used

n

the

test

setup, must be added to he measured head.

The íncuon

loss

in the column oetween the bowl

assembly

outlet

and he gauge connection must

also be added if signlficant.

Bowl assembly input power (Pba)

IS

the pump

inout

power

(Pp) mmus the sum

of the

driveshafl

beanng

Josses and

other

losses such

as

shaft

Hl Vertical

Pump

Test

1994

seal ing losses and th rust bearing losses,

if

the

latter is not included in driver losses.

Thereíore, bowl assembly efficiency:

P.. .

l ba

= Pr;a

X

100

2.6.3.14.3

Overall eHiciency ('lOA)

The ratio

oí

the energy imparted to the Jquid by

the pump

P..,)

to the energy supplied to the dnver

Pmotl expressed as a percent. This efficiency

takes into account losses in both the pump and

the

dr

iver:

2.6.4

Hydrostatic test

2 6 4 1

Objective

To demonstrate

that

the pump when sub¡ected

to hydrostahc oressure(s) will not

leak

or

la

structurally. For purposes

of th1s

requirement,

the containment

of

flu id means on

ly

prevention

oí its escape through the external surfaces

of

the

pump, normally to the atmosphere.

2.6.4.2

Test

parameters

Each part

of

the pump which contains liquid

under pressure shall be capable o f wllhstanding

a hydr

os

tatic test

at not

less than the greater of

the iollowing:

- 150%

oi the

pressure which would occur in

that part when

the

pump

IS

operallng

at

rated

condition for the gtVen appl ication

of

the pump;

- 125%

of

the pressure which would occur

in

that

pan

when

the

pump is operating

at

rated

speed for a given application,

but

with the

pump discharge valve ctosed.

In both instances

, suction pressure must be

taken in to account.

-

Components or

assembled pumps The

test shall be conducted

on

e1ther the liqUtd

containlng

components or the assembled

pump;

-

Components

The test shall be conducted

on

the liquid·contaíning components such

as

the bowls and d1scharge heads. Care must be

taken not to 1mpose pressure n excess of

150%

of

des1gn on

ar

eas des1gned for lower

7


14/53

Hl

Ven•cal Pump Test- 1994

pressure operat1an. Test flanges or cyllnoers

can

be

used for •sola:.ng d•fferent•al pressure;

-

Assembled pump;

The test shall be con

cuc:ed on the ent11e liqUio con:a•nmg area of

pump out ca re must ce taKen not to ;c,pose

oressure m excess of

150">

al design on a

ceas

sucn as suct•on heao areas;

-

Test durarion: Test

p r e s s t ~ r e

shall

ce

ma•nta•ned

lor

a suffic:em penoo ol ume "o

perm1t complete exammat•on of the pans ur=er

pressure. The hydrostat•c test snail

be

con

SIC:iered sausfac:ory wnen no leaks or struc:ural

fallure are observad for a

mon1mum cf

5

mmu:es;

-

Teslliqu•d · Test liqUid snall be

wateror

oli

having a maxomum viscosoty of

150

SSU (32

Cst) at test temperatura;

-

Temperatura

lf the

part

tested is to

opera e at a temperature at which the strength

of matenal is below the lrength of lhe matenal

at room temperatura. the hydrostat•c test pres

sure shall

be

multiplied by a factor obtained by

dov1ding the allowable workmg stress lar the

material at room temperatura by that at operat

ing temperatura. This pressure thus obtamed

shall then be the m1nimum pressure at whicn

hyorostat•c pressure shall be performed. The

data sneet shalllist the actual hyorostat1c test

pressure

2 6 4 3 Test

procedure

lterns

:o

be

tested shall have al the ooenmgs

adeouatety seateo to allow a max1mum of ten

drops per mmute leakage througn tne ooenongs.

Provos•ons shall be made to vent all the air at the

hogh

poonts

on the •tem. The ltem shall be iil eo

the test líouoo. pressureo. and the :est pres·

sure snall

be

maontamed for :he durauon of tlle

test.

No

teal(age, through the .tem testeo snall oe

v•s•ble; however. l e a ~ t a g e uo to ten droos per

mmute through the stuffing

oox

pack•ng snall ce

permutad.

2 6 4 4 Records

Complete wntten

or

computar records Shall

be

~ e p t of all pen.nent •ntormahon and kepr on file,

avaolable

to

the purcnaser by the test facolity, for

two years. Th1s mformatoon shall mclude.

8

a) ldentlfication by model, s•ze. seroal num·

ber;

b) Test liquid;

e) Maxomum allowable workong pressures

and temperature;

e) Hyérostat:c test pressure ano test dura·

: on:

el

Data

o

test

léerotity

t

personroel•n charge

2 6 5

Performaroce test

2.6.5.1 Acceptance criteria

Acceo:ance :est

:clerances apply to a spec•f•ed

corooition poorot only, not

lo

the enure perlar·

nance

curve. untess previously agreed to be·

tween the

p u r c r ~ a s e r

and :he manufacturar

Testing at

otner

than rated soeed must also be

mutually agreed upon. when specoal circumstan·

ces

require

such testmgs (see Paragraph

2.6.5.1 0) .

Pumps

must be checked for sat•slactory

mechanocal operatoon

dunrog

performance test·

ing; the degree and extent of such checkmg

is

dependen upon the pump type and the contrae·

tual requirements.

2.6 5 2 Witn

essing

t tests

The purcnaser or purchaser's des•gnated repre·

sentatove may w1tness the test when requested

by the purchaser :n the purchase arder

2 6 5 3 Acceptance test tolerances

In makmg tests under th•s standard no mmus

toferance

or

marg1n shall be allowed w1th

respect lo capacily, total head,

or

eftic•ency at

rated or specofied cond1tions.

Acceptaroce

ol

the pumo test

resuots

w be ¡udged

at ratee capac:ty ano rpm N•th applocaole tata

head and effíc1ency as foltows:

Total head

Under 200 ft and 2999

gpm

Under 200 fl and

3000

gpm nd over

From 201 :t to 500ft, any gpm

501

fl

and over.

any gpm

Tolerance

-5 . -0

~ ~ . -o

+

3 .-0

NOTE - Minimum eflic1ency

at

rated

rpm

and

caoac•ty shall be contract pump effic•ency

Alternately, the pump test results may be ¡udged

at rated total head and rpm versus capacoty as

follows:


15/53

- Capacity :olerance al rated heac.

- 10 -

0 ~ ~ :

- M.n mum e:::c:ency at ratee

·om

and heao

snall ce contrae: pump etf•ciency

rtp.

t S only requ&red to comoly w1th e1ther the

capac1ty or :r.e nead tolerance. lt should be noted

thatthere

wlll be an increase in horsepower

at

the

rated condi lon wnen comply1ng

w1th

plus toleran

ces t r head or capacity at the quoted efficiency.

A mm1mum number of 7 test points are requ1red.

When the test head exceeds the max1mum head

allowed by the acceotance entena, but

IS w1thm

8%

of

tne ratea head, then the IIT'Oeller d1ameter

may be reduced

and

:est ano catculated results

suom1t:eo as

a lma' acceotance tes:

1 t h o ~ ; t h.:r-

ther

:estin¡;.

2.6.5.4

lnstrumentation

Test •nstrument'at1on snall ce selected so that

11

can prov1de measu•ements wlth accuracy shown

in Paragraph

2 6 5 1

at BEP. lnstruments need

not

be

callbrated soeclflcally for each test, but are

to be penodically callbrated w1th cert1hed records

kept

by

the manufacturar. Description and sug

gested maximum cenoa between cahbrat1on are

contamed m Tab1e 2.13.

2.6.5.4.1 Fluctuat1on and

accuracy

of instru·

ments

H19n· c·r;uracy

.nstrufl'enta:•on

1S

recommended

.vnen erf1c:ency

a c c ~ r a c ¡

os

o onmary 1mpcr·

:ance. Th1s os .:sually more imponant on h gh·

powe1

consumpuon pumps.

1t

15

common pracuce

10

wse the ac:ual recordad

test reao1ngs from caubrateo mstruments for com

puta Ion

of

elflc1ency (for fulhllment

of

the

manufacturer's guarantee) and to disregard the

effect ot mstrument accuracy.

1 Required

accuracy of the

Acceptable instrument

in

fluctuation ot t • . t the

test reading in spec1fled

= ~ o values

be•ng

observed

C a p a c : ~ y

2

1 0

O•fferenual

1

2

1 0

pressure or head1

O•scnarge

haad 2

0 5

Sucuon

nead

1

2

0 5

Hl Vertocal Pump

Test -

1994

Pump power 1

input

Pump

speed

Acceptable

fluctuahon

of

test reading

in

•

2

0 3

·¡

2 6 5 5 Test setup

ReqUlred

accuracy ot the

instrument in

:: •• of the

spec1fied

val u

es bemg

observed

0 75

0 3

This sect1on conta&ns general guidelines for tes:·

ing to ensure accurate and repeatable test

resulls.

The tes¡ setup m y u:ilize, but is notl im•ted to, the

followmg:

1) Stanéard laboratory pump test mounung.

This should be

ng1d

enough to

r e s t r a ~ n

the

puma aga:ns: reaction torces developed

by

flow

and

pressure;

2) Facility

or

purchaser· furnoshed driver.

Depending on the method used to measure

pump

onput

power, driver efficiency data may

oe require1;

3)

Fac:lity r purchaser·furn1shed speed·•n·

creaser/reduc1ng umt. To accurately establish

puma input oower, eQUipment eft•c:ency cata

may

be req¡,,red. oeoenoong

on methcd

used

o rr easure power mou ;

4) Pumo test conhgura:,on:

a) Open suct1on

towl asserroty

:est. (see

Figure 2.57). Ver11cal pumps are manufac

turad in such diversa phys1ca1 canfiguratoons

that. unless othermse agreed to between

purchaser ano manufacturar,

11 IS

the

:n

dustry practica to perm11 testmg of the bowl

assembly only for hydraulic performance.

Test laboratory column, shaft, o•scnarge

head or elbow,

and

laboratory dnvers

may

be used.

Such

items

as

test

11

depth lim1talians. dis

cnarge ,ead. elbow pnys•cal constra1nts.

or

p ~ . ; m o luoncants sucn as 11

or

grease cor.

tammatlng aooratory nater and •nstruments

may

make the test of comp•ete uMs omprac

tlcal.

The

nydrauhc

and

mechamcallosses c c : ~ r ·

nng

'

the pump components

not

tested

9


16/53

Hl Vert•ca l Pump Test - 1994

Table 2 1 3 Recommende

d

in

strume

nt ca l ibration

inte

rval J

1

Capacity : Power (continuad

Quantlty meter

To

rque

bar 1 yr

Weigh ing

ta

nks

1 yr Calibrated motor Not req d

2

1

Volume lnc tank 10 yr

KW transducer 3 yr

Rate meters

Watt

·amp-voll. portable 1 yr

Venturi

1)

Watt-amp-voll, permanent

1

yr

Nozzle

1)

Strain gauges

6mo

Onfice olale

1

T

ra

nsmission gears to 500 HP 10 yr

Weir

)

Transmission gears aoove 500 HP 20 yr

Turbina

1 yr Speed

Magne

tic flow

1

yr

Tachometers 3 yr

Ao lometer 5

yr

Eddy current drag 10 yr

Propeller l yr Electromc Not r

eq

d

2

l

Ultr

a sa

nie

5 yr Frequency respons•ve dev•ces

Pressu re

Vibra t.ng reed

10

yr

Bou

rdon tuba (pressure gauge) 4 mo

Ele troni

10 yr

Manometers

Not req d Photocell

10 y

Dead weight t

es

ter 1 yr Stroboscopes

5 yr

T ransducers

mo

1

Torque meter (

speed

)

1 yr

Digital indicalor 1yr Temperatura

Power

Electric

1

2 yr

1

Dynam ometer w/scale

6 yr Mercury S yr

Oyn am ometer w

ll

oad scale 6 mo

1

Ca

tibratton is not required unless t is suspected there are cnucal dimensional changes.

2

l Unless etectrical or m

ec

hanicallailure.

:J Use instrument manufacturer s recommendati

on t

shorter than listed above.

10

must

then be added te

ar

rive at the complete

pumo perlo

r

mance

. When test fac il ity lim•ta

tions

do

not

perm

tt lull stage testtng, ti is

permiss

i

ble

te perlorm reduced stage tests

when

previously agreed to between pur

chaser and manufacturar. No adjustment of

test results per stage r reduced stage tests

snall

be

ma

de;

b ) Cl

osed

suction

and

closed l

oop

, pump

or

bowl assembly periormance test (see

Figures 2.58

and

2.59).

These types

of

pump

test set

ups

are used when

both NPSH

and

pertormance testing is required. The

loo

p ís

typically arranged

so that

enher

vacuum or pressure

can

be controlled on the

suction side. This test coniiguration is also

olten

used when a model rather than a

prototype test is perlormed:

e

Pump

perlormance test, general. When

a customer spec•fies

it

and it is reasonable

considenng test facllity limitations, a com

plete pump pertormance t

est

will be run.

This is e s ~ r e both for mechamcal íntegmy

checks and to accurately establish hydraulic

perlormance. Special pumo

and

test faetlity

modificattons may be r e q u ~ r e

te

t

est the

complete pump and its driver;

5) A p1 configurat1on t

hat

wtll ensure t

hat

the

flow into the pump ts free lrom w ~ r induced by


17/53

the instatlation ano has a normal, symmetrical

velocity distribu tion;

6) A suction pressure gauge. manometer,

comoouno gauge.

or

pressure transducer

swtable for measuring the complete range of

pressures, whether positive r negative;

7) A discharge pipe with a valve or other

pressure breakoown (throttting) devtce;

8) A discharge pressure gauge or transducer

swtable for the futl operating range;

9)

Damptng devices such as needle valves or

capitlary tubes to minimtze pressu re

pu

lsations

at the

gauges;

1

O)

A means for measuring input power to he

pump

r driver

suitable ter the

power

range;

11) A means

for

measu

ring

pump speed,

such as

a r

evotution counte

r o r ti

me

r ,

tachometer, frequency responsive devtce

or

stroboscope;

12) A means

ior

measuring capacity. such as

by wetght, by volume

or

by rate meters;

13) Test setups

lar

NPSH testing shall be

provided wl h a means

ot

lowering the suction

pressure to the

pump,

such as a closed tank

with a vacuum source ora suction throt le valve

w1th

screen (opttonal) and straightentng vanes.

In an ooen

system

(wet pit). the suction pres-

sure may be reduceo by lowering the liqwd

leve :

W TER

tEVEL

FlOW t 1 1/

OIRECTICNAL

1

f F\

5 WL

VANES

IF

1

•

[ _ j

ASS

E

BLY

P P R O P R ~

l

~

..- ,, lLlOW

IR U ES

TO ESCAPE

Fi

gure 2.5 Bow

l

assemb

ly

p

erform

a

nce

t

es

open

sump

Hl

Venical

Pump

Test-

1994

14)

A

means

t r measuring the temperature

t the test liquid;

15) The actual inside dimensions

cf

the suc-

lion and discharge pipe where pressure read-

mgs are to

be t ~ e n

shatl be determmed. so

that

velocity

head calculations can be made.

2.6.5.6 Pretest

da

ta requirements

When applicable, the lollowtng data shatl

be

ob-

tained prior to the test run and written for he

record te be retained t r two years (see samole

data

sne

et on page t 2):

1)

Record t pump type, size and serial num-

be

r;

2) Te verify liquid properties such as viscos1ty

and specific gravity, temperatura of the liqutd

sha l be taken befo e and

alter

testtng or more

citen when testing

tor

NPSH or for high horse-

power pumps;

3) Ambient conditions such as a1r tempera-

tura and barometric oressure;

4 Record

t

critica installat•on d•mens•ons.

such

as pressu re gau

ge

elevat1on above

datum. pipe interna dimensions and lengths,

and liqu•d levels (submergence) relative te

da u m;

5) Record of

driver

data such as type, serial

number, horsepower speed range, amperage,

vo

ltage and eiticiency;

BOWl SUCiiON

ASSEMBLY-1)=¡ I VESSEl

-P

(CAN)

Figure 2.58

- Pump performance

t s t closed s

uction

11


18/53

Hl Vert:cal P

ump

Tesl - 199"

Summary

of

necessary

data

on

pumps to be tested

The

ro

lowm


19/53

FlOW

DISTRIBUT07

Hl Vertocal

Pump

Test- 1994

- - - -+-== .J ' i

1

WAT;R

lE V

E l - j

t

r -+-===d

H E T I ~ G R

COOliNG

COILS

PERFORATEDLJ

r

AfFLE ¡

R

F LOW

STRAIGHTENING

VAN

ES

Figure 2 59

Pum

p

performance

tes t - closed loop

6) R

ecoro of

auxiliary equipment such as

v1brauon monotors. temperatura sensors, ow·

or h•gh·pressure monitors, leakage detectors.

a a

rms

7 lnstrument calibration records and

co

rree ·

t1on

factors in accordance w1th the

ca

l ibration

secuon of this standard;

8

ldent1y

ol

principal test personnel;

9

Dimension of areas where pressure read·

ing

s are

to

be taken for accurate determma·

t1o

ns of the veloc1ty head.

2.6 5.7

Records

Complete wntten or computer records shall be

keot of all information relevan

to

a test

and

retained on file, available to the purchaser by the

test fac•li ty tor two years.

2 6 5 7 1

ln troduction

The manufactur

er

's senal numoer

or

other

ap·

propnate means

ot

identificat•on of each pump

tested shall

be

recordad, along w1th impeller in·

formation such as diameter and vane filing.

While these records

apply

to the comolete un1t

including the driver, this standard appfi

es

only to

he test of tfte pump.

2.6.5.8

Calcu lat ions

2 6 5 8 1 Calculations of total suction

head

(hs)

For a closed system (can pump):

V

2

h

5

= +

Z

5

+

g

(see Figure

2.54

For an open system (pump in open pit):

h

5

=

w

(see Figure

2.53

In a oit application, the entrance losses to the

pump

are charged to the pumo. Also, the average

veloc•ty head of the pot llow is typically small

enough to

be

neglected.

2.6.5.8.2

Calculation

of total disch

arge head

(hd)

For closed suction (can pump):

V 2

ho

=

hga

+

Z

g

(see Figure 2.56

For ooen suction: wet pit pump:

13


20/53

Hl \ ert1cal

Pump

e s t ~ 1994

Va

2

h•= ..

Z

+

2

g (see Figure 2.55¡

Tne

d:scharge

pressu:e

gauge

ts

located

downstream el the pump's d.scharge head, and

a'l

Interna pump hydraulic losses are there ore

mcluOeo

2.6.5.8.3 Calculation of bowl assembly total

head

(Ht> )

The d:scharge gauge pressure tap 1s loca:ed a

m:mmum ot 2


21/53

. Ox oaxs

(US untts)

r¡oa

=

3960

X Poa X 100

. . x

Hoa

x S

(Metnc untts) t1ba =

366

x Pea x

100

NOTE-

Re

er to lh

e

Hydraulic lnstilute Engineering

Data ook for column pioe friction lcsses nd drive-

shaft beanng losses.

2.6.5.8.7

.2 Pu

mp efficiency

r¡p)

This ef fictency value excludes losses in the

prima ry and secondary driver ':lut includes

hydraulic tosses through suction piping, strainer,

bowt assembly cotumn ptpe, and surface dis

charge head or discharge elbow, as well as

mechanicaltosses in driveshaft bearings and the

shaft seal:

Pw

11p= p x 100

2.6 .5.8.7

3

Overall eHiciency ('loA)

This

is pump

efficiency reduced by losses such

as,

but

not limited to dnverlosses including thrust

bearing losses and gear losses where appficable.

lo• =

lP

x dnver efítciency x

gear

efficiency

less efficiency loss from thrust beanng

(il

ap

plicable).

For calculation purposes, all efiiciency values

must be in dectmal form.

Verttcal motor efficiencies generally do not in-

elude thrust bearing losses due to thrust load.

Sp

1

Kl 118 rpm 1

' ' ' O ' C f ~ - r

··---

·-

...

,;

, 1

. '

-

.

1

_.

. , ~ _

.. _ . .. -

S O w i i I Q I ~ ....r

.....

~ H - Q I I ) ' w t W ; . ' I ( ) u f l ' ( ) - 1 ) 1 d .

Figure 2 6 0 Pump performance

curves

Hl Venica l

Pump Test-

1994

The overall efficiency of a motor-driven unit

is

catculated by:

P.

'lOA= X 100 = llp X

1mor

mot

2.6.5

.9

Plotting results

The head, efficiency and horsepower are ptotted as

ordinales on the same sheet with capacity as the

abscissa (see Figure 2.60 . The bowl assembly

values are commonly plotted and correspond with

the manuíacturer 's published performance curves.

The curves must be clearly labe

le

d as to whether

they apply to the bowl assembty, the complete

pump, or he complete unit (pump and driver).

2.6.5.1

O

Test at non-rated speed

2.6.5.1 0.1

Test of

futl -sized pumps al reduced

speed

For reduced-speed tests, the retative power loss

tn beanngs and

stuffing

box

friction may be

greater,

and

the hyd raulic friction l

osses

may also

be relat

ive ly

larger

due

to reoucllon

in the

Reynolds number. This effect may be significan

in small pumps. These factors must, theretore. be

cons1dered in determming an acceptable speed,

which should be mutually agreed upon prior to

testing.

In arder :o establish test conditions, the following

relationships shall be used for determming head

and capacity from the rated (specified) point:

Where:

n1 =Test speed in rpm;

nz = Rated speeo in rpm;

Q ¡ =Test capacity;

02

= Rated capacity;

H 1

=Test

head;

H2 = Rated head;

P

1

=

Power

on test;

P2 = Power on installation:

NPSHRt = NPSHR on test;

NPSHR2 = NPSHR for installation.

15


22/53

Hl Vertical

Pumo

Test- 1994

EXAMPLE: A four-stage bowf assembfy is rated

at - 00 gpm agaonst a bowf head

of

240 feet,

NPSHR of 14 feet and runnrng at 2950 rpm (50

Hz frequency). ff tne factory only has 60Hz power

ava •fable, the test will be run at a reduced speed

of 1770 rpm. What head, capac•ty and NPSHR

snoufd the factory test pump produce at reduced

speed te meet the rated conditlons?

Applying the refationships given above, the

equivalen head for t

he

factory test is:

n

)

( 1770)

2

H, =

H

2

z =

240

2950

=

86.4 feet

T e equ1valent capacity for the factory test is:

n 1770

0

1

=

0

2

=

4

= 240 gpm

n

2

2950

The NPSH required for the factory test is:

nJ

2

' 1770)

2

NPSHR

=

NPSHR2 z

=

4l

2950

=

5 feet

Note that spec1fic speed is a pump characterist ic

unaffected by operating speed.

2.6.5.10.2 T

es

t o f

fu l

l-sized pumps at in

creased speed

Under unusual circumstances, it may be

des•rable to carry out tests

at

higher speeds than

specilied for the installallon. This may

be

due, for

example, o the limitations

of

avaifable pnme

movers or correct efectncal frequency. In th•s

case. if such tests do not exceed sale operating

lim1ts of the pump, all

of

the above considerations

apply.

Cases may arise in which the lim•tations oi the

fac:ory t

est

facilities may preclude establishing

the requlfed sucllon lift to comply w1th the onstal

lation NPSH. In such cases, the desired NPSHR

can be obtained

by

increasong the speed and the

pump.ng head .nstead of by a reduction in suction

head oran increase n suct1on lift.

2.6.5.1 0.3 Correc ting f

ortest

speed variations

The pumo test speed w• ll vary with operatong

condit1ons.

For

pureases of plotting the test results, capacity,

head and power shall be cerrected from the

vatues at test speed to the value of rated speed

16

for the pump. The corrections are made using the

same re lat i

onships as

shown in

Paragraeh

2.6.5.1 0.1 However, when the pump is tested

witn the purchaser's motor, the performance shall

be plotted at actual test speed.

2.6.5.10.4 Tempera u

re variations

Variations in temperatura

of

the liquid pumped

cause changes in spec•fic we1ght and viscoslty .

with resu ltan changes

in

pump pe

rí

ormance.

A

reduction in speci fic weight, as caused by an

increase in temperatura, results

in

a directly

proportional reduction in output power (see Para

graph 2.6.3.13 Power) and in input power; there

fore, the efficiency is not changed.

Reduced viscosity ot water due to a temperatura

increase Wlll impact effic•ency. For pumps in the

lower range of specific speed, typically below

1500, reduced viscosity will:

- lncrease interna leakage losses;

- Reduce disc fnction losses:

- Reauce hydraulic skin friction fosses.

The net effect of a reouct10n

in

viscos•ty due to

higher temperatura w depend on specific speed

and on the des1gn details ef the pump. Where

substanliatmg data is available, cons•deration

may be given to adjusting the períormance data

rrom a cold water test to het water operaung

cond itions

on

the basis of the fellowing formula:

vol {

l

ot =

1 -

(1

-

111) -

V¡ )

Where:

o

=

Efficiency at operating temperatura,

decimal value;

l1t

=

Efficiency at test temperatura, decimal

value;

u

0

,

=

Kinematic viscosity at operating tempera

tura;

ur

=

Kinematic viscosity

at

test temperatura;

x

=

Exponent to

be estab

l

ished by

manuiacturer's data based on the pump type

1n

question

(approx. range: .05 te .1 . 1

selected for example betow.

EXAMPLE:

A

test on water at i 00°F resulted in

an efficiency

of

80 percent. What will be the

projected efficiency at 350"F?


23/53

Hl Vel1ícal

Pump Test 1994

llot

=

1 - {1 - llt : ~ J

looooo185\

0

1

101

=

1

- (

1

- ·

80

\. .0000076 j

1 \01 = .826 =82.6

2.6 .

5 1

0.5

Specífic

weight

variations

lf the tes t is run with a liquid

ot

different specific

weight irom that

ot

the field installation, there will

be a revision in required input power, which will

be

determinad as follows:

lz

(P

0

)z =

P

0

r x •

1

,

There is no change in efficiency.

2.6.5.1 0.6 Viscosity variations

Viscosity has a significan effect

on

pumo perlar·

manee with respect to head, capacity,_effic iency

and brake horsepower. Pumps for viscous ser·

vice. which are tested on water, will require cor·

rections

to

approximate the vtscous pe rformance.

See the Design and Application Section of the

Hydraulic lnstttute Vertical Pump Standards Hl

2 .

2 5

2.6.5.1 0.7 Solids in suspension

Solids in suspension affect the operating conditions

of the pumo, depending on the percentage and

nature of the solids. Corrections for solids handling

are not part

of

this test standard.

2.6.5.11 Report

of

test

Parties to the test shall be furnished a

copy

of the

performance curve at constant speed.

as

drawn

in

accordance

with Paragraph

2.6

.

5.9

. When

specifically requested by the purchaser, addition·

al

test

documentation shall be made available.

2.6.6 Net

posit

ive

suct

i

on

head

required

test

2.6.6.1

Objective

To determtne the NPSH required (NPSHR) by the

pump.

2.6.6.2 Test arrangement

Four typical test setups are shown for determining

the

NPSHR characteristics

of

pumps.

In the first arrangement, shown in Figure 2.61, the

;:>Ump is

supplied i rcm a sump through a throttle

vatve, which ts fcllcwed by a section of p1pe

F

ig u

re 2.61 - Suction throttling NPSH

test

constant sump

leve l

contaming a screen and straightening van es. This

minim•zes the turbuience produced

by

the throttle

valve and makes possible

an

acceptaofe reading

ot suction head at the pump inle .

This

arrangement

usually

is

satisfactory

for

NPSHR greater than 1O feet, although the tur·

bulence at the throttle vafve tends to accelerate

the release of dissolved a11 or

gas

from the liqutd

at reduced pressure. As a resull, lhis arrange·

ment typically wifl indica e a higher NPSHR than

other test methods.

FtOW OIR CTIONAI.. :

v. HES

1r

A R O P R I A ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ · = , : ; : ¡

:¡: ==

OJSCHARCE

ONTROL

1- I.V(

Figure

2.62 - Leve

contro

l

NPSH

test

In the second arrangement, Fi

gure

2.62, the

pump is supplied from a sump in which the liquid

level can be varied to establish the desired

suc·

tion head . Thts arrangement

more

accurately

reflects typical operating condilions. This arran·

gement

is

suitable tor testing

wt

th suction head tn

17

·


24/53

Hl

Vert1cal

Pum¡:: est

1994

F\.OW

CISTRIBU

T0

7

OISCt 1.\RGE

C C . . t - = 1 0 ~

lA

.VE

==

d=;

1

C0.,.81NATICN

?RESSURE A

'JACUUM

OAiiOE¡-

Th R

. A

OMETER

>'IATEHEVEL-

1

1

t

1

-- --=== ::

H :ATING

OR

COOUNG COI LS

il.JJ W STRAJGHTENING

l.:.NES

r

AFFtE

\ 1

PERFORA ~

Figure 2.63 -

Closed

loop NPSH test

excess

of

atmospheric pressure. Care must be

taken to prevent vortexing when the liqUid levei1S

vaned.

In the thirc arrangement . Figu

re

2.63. the pump

is supplied from a closed tank in which the level

is held constant and the suction li ft or suctlon

head 1s ad¡usted

by

varying the air or gas pres

sure

over

the liquid, the temperatura of the liqUid,

or

both.

Th1s arrangement lenes to smp the liquid

of

dis·

solved

a1r

or

gas.

1t

g1ves a more accurate meas

urement

ot

the pumo performance and is not

1nfluenced by the release ol a1r or gas at pres

sures below tne vaoor pressure

of

tne houid. Th1s

arrangement typically duplicates serv1ce condi·

t1ons where a pump takes 1

s

supply from a closed

vessel

w1th

the liq

ui

d

at or

near 1ts vapor pressure

Pump

SU tiOn

For lest of

NPSHR at pump

suction; no1 at

first s1age 1mpeller

=·

.:

·.

Can

Remamder

o

system same as

Figure 2.63

Figure 2.64 -

Clo

sed loop NPSH test

- alterna e arrangement for can pump

18

This

arrargement

is more effect1ve for high

speclfic speed mix flow and propeller pumps.

The fourth arrangement , Figure 2.64, shows a

lypical NPSHR test for a can pump. Th1s arrange

ment is used when the suc t

on

condition ap

proaches zero

ft

NPSHA at the suct1on centerhne

(datum) etevahon. The hrst stage ol thc bowl

assembly is

lo

cated in a can or tank, in wn1ch the

pressure can be regulated and reduced 10 the

e s ~ r e

:evel to meet the test entena. Tne dis

:ance irom tne suction centerllne eteva11on 10 the

hrst stac;e impeller cententne IS ad¡usted by the

cotunn

length to provtde sutflc1ent head (NPSHA)

to opera1e :ne pump. The test results must, wnen

appticaole, reference the difference oetween the

pump's datum

eteva11on

and the etevation at

which t

he

NPSHA is spec1hed m the applicahon.

Other precautions to be taken m test arrange

ments are:

- Liquid: Wat

er

shall be used as the test

liquid;

- Aeration: Fluid aeratlon shall

be

mini

mized by

tak1

ng the follow1ng precautions:

- lntake structure des1gned to avo1d vor

texing.

See Hyaraulic /nsuture Vert1ca/

Pump Standards H/2 1·2.5, Oes gn andAp·

plicarion Secuon ;

- Submerged lines when pressure

15

below atmospheric. 1f practlcat:

- Reservoir sized lor long retention lo


25/53

r

NPSHR v.llU

~ ~ \ \ e ,

...l . ; . - - -O,- ICO cap.

T

+

- ------- 0,

NPSHA

Figure

2 .65

NPSH

at

constan capacíty

allow arr to escape. lnlet to sump located to

preven vonexrng;

- Reservorr baffles to isolate outlet lrom

onlet

line;

- Tight pope

jaonts

and quenched stu ffing

boxes to preven a r eakage

onto

the system.

For large pumps, cavitation tes tong may, t r

practica reasons, be performed on models.

Reterence is made to

the

section

on

model

testong

on

Paragraph 2.6.

t

2

2.6.6.3

Test procedure

Unless otnerwose agreed between the purchaser

and the manulacturer. the test shall be run

lar

the

range

o'

: t

20%

t

rated capacoty

woth

3 test

capac·ttes to determone the NPSH requlfed.

The NPSHR of a pump can ce

relerred method

oS

to run the pump

at

con

stan capacoty ano sceed

wotn

the suenan nead

var:ed

.

As

NPSHA tS reduce< ,

ano

the cor

respondong pump nead ptoneo t r eacn NPSH

vafue, a

poont os

reacned wnere the heao curve

oreaks

a· ay lar

the stratght ltne treno (see Figure

2.65) ondicatong a oetenoranon

'"

pumo perfor

mance. The 3% head drop

os

rne standard to

determtne NPSHR (NPSH requ1ted). For

multo-

stage pumos. the 3% apphes to the first stage

onty. The test os repeateo at vanous flow rates ano

the total head planeo agaonst NPSHA. Figure 2.65

snows the results

typocal of

:ests

at

capacl les

both above and below pump design flow.

A second method for dete

rmonong

the cavrtatoon

charactens.tocs

os

to hold the speed and suction

Hl

venical

Pump Test- 1994

~ P S I -

A

tes:.

a- ccns:a.-.:c apac y

c e c c m o ~ c e d ...OS... .A ":at91 "'PSJ-i.A

tes:

M en

no

~ s

cata en

I)LfT OI

1"100-GaV :a::.'lg ~ a n c e lS

Figure

2 .66

NPSH al

constan capacity

head (h,) constan and vary the capacoty The test

is repeated lar var:ous suction head values and

the total head plotted agaonst capacity. Such tests

wtll result in a family

of

curves, as shown on Figure

2.67. Where he pump head

lar any suction nead

(h,) oreaks away from the normal head·capacoly

curve

by

3%, NPSHR (NPSH rcquired)

os

estab

lished.

Figure 2.6 NPSH

al

varying

capacity

Accurate oetermtnation

t

the stan

al

cavuatton.

ano the cavttauon oo•nl. requlfes careful control

of all tac:ors :mtcn onfluer.ce

e

ooerauon

al

the

pump. A mrmmum

of

five test potnts bracket•ng

me

ooom of

cnange must be taken to determ•r.e

when the performance stans to oeviate trom tnat

woth

excess NPSHA.

Any

change tn pertor

mance- eother a droo tn heao

or

power at a

goven

capac

oty

or a change

on

sound r

vobratton-may

indicate the presence o

cavotatoon

Wrth the

dol·

ficulty

in

determtning just when the change

starts. a drop in head

al

3% ata goven capacoty

or

NPSH is generalfy accepted as evodence that

c

av

ti

atoon

is present. The NPSH at

thos

poont

s

defined as the NPSH Requireo (NPSHR). Note

19


26/53

Hl

Vertical Pump Tes 1994

that for multlsrage pumps, the 3 droo is aoolied

ro the first stage head.

The .'IJPSHA value reqUICed

to

property estabhsh

tne nor-cavitat.ng performance ot a pump must

be determ,ned from pnor full·scale or model tests

ot

tne spec1fic pump in questton. lf such pnor tests

are not avaílable. then an

NPSHA

l ~ e of at least

tw1ce t,.,e

predicted

NPSHR

for caoac1t1es

greater

tnan 85 of SEP. and at least two and one hall

limes the predicted NPSHR for capac1t1es telow

85

of

BEP, IS

recommended for assurance that

non-cavítat1ng cono1U0ns

ex1st

(see Figure 2.65 .

Tests pertormed

to

establish

.'IJPSHR tor a

soec1f1c pumo must begm

w1th

a non-cav1tat1ng

NPSHA

v ~ l u in hne w1th the recommendauons

above.

When testing w1th water, an accurate tempera u re

measurement usually is sufficient to estaolish the

vapor

pressure. However, the degree

of

aeration

ot the water

may

have

a

considerable influence

on performance. Cons1stent results are

more

readlly obramed when water is deaerated.

lt the

pump

is of multístage design,

it is

preferaole

to test the first stage separately, so that the drop

m head can be measured more accurately.

Correction to rated speed

tor net

pos1tive suction

head (NPSH):

NPSHR2 =

J

NPSHR

and

n.

02

=....:X Or

n,

Where:

2

NPSHRt

= Net posl lve suc lon head at test

speed;

NPSHR2 =Net POSI Ive suct10n head

at

rated

speed;

n,

= Test

speed

in rpm;

n2

= Rated

speed

'n rpm;

o,

=Test capacuy;

02 = Capacuy at rated speed.

NPSH A: Expenmental dev1ation from the

square law.

The affinity relationsh1ps deline the manner in

which head, caoacity, horsepower

and

NPSHR

vary

in vertlcJI pumps wlth respect to speed

changes. lf a oump operares

at

or near

1ts

cavitation

lim1t,

other factors also

have

an ef·

fect. and NPSHR value may not vary exactly

as the square ot the speed. Sorne of these

factors are: :hermodynam1c erteci ot the vapor

pressure

ot

the iluid, chdnge m surface ten·

s•on. and :est dífferences dueto the relat1ve

a1r

content

of

the liquid.

lf the manuíac:urercan aemonstrate from tests

:hat, w¡¡h a given pump unaer parttcular cona:·

tions, an exponenr diiferent han the square

ot

the speed ex•sts. the'l sucn exponem May be

recognized

and

used accordingly.

2.6.6.4 Suc

tion

conditions

The suction litt or suct1on head

1s

to

be

measured

as

s;:¡ecified in Paragraph 2.6.3.12

For factory performance testing the

exact

value

ot the NPSH avallable

is

un1mportant, as long as

it

has been es tab li shed that the NPSHA is well in

axcess ot t

he

NPSH requi rad by the pump

throughout the test range.

Tha net positive suction head available (NPSHA)

is the total suction head in feet ot liquld absoluta,

determinad ar the first stage impeller eya (daium).

less the absoluta

vapor

pressure in feet

ot

the

liqu1d pumped:

NPSHA

=hsa -

hvp

Where:

hsa = Total suct1on head in feet absoluta= ha un

r

hs:

or NPSHA = ha - n . + h

144

or NPSHA

=y

p.,., - Pvo + h

For pumps mounted in a sucllon barre (can). the

hydraulic losses from the suct•on nozzle

to

lhe

impeller miel

must

be

taken into

accounl

by

the

manufacturar in estaolismng the NPSHA at the

first srage 1mpeller eye.

2 .6.6 5 Records

Complete written

or

compurer records shall be

kept by the rest iacility ot a ll data relevan 10 the

NPSH test for a mm imum ot two years. (See

sample da ta s heet on page

12 .


27/53

the

the

be

the

ese records must include:

1 Specified NPSHRINPSHA;

2)

Water levels above first stage impeller

:latum;

3

Distance

from

first stage impe

ller

datum to

;uction gauge centerline;

\) lnside diameter of pipe at location of suc·

1on pressure tap;

·)

Observed data (each run): water tempera·

He, suct ion pressure, shait speed, discharge

ressure, capac•ty:

Type

of

test setup;

Type

of

flow meter and calibration:

' Type, number

and

calibration

of

pressure

lUges;

Any abnormal observation (noise, vibra·

•n, etc.);

•)

Type and serial number

of

pump and

ver;

Date of test and person in charge.

.6

Report of

test

.rties to the test shall be turnished a

copy of

PSHR curve or curves, as descnbed in Para·

2.5.6.3.

Measurement of

capacity

1 ln

troduc

tion

low measuring system may be used

ior

Jring pump capacity. However,

it

must be

•d

so

that the emire flow passing through

•mp

also

passes through the instrument

·

and the insuument can measure capacity

accuracy of

1.5 at SEP.

ity instruments are classilied into two func

groups. One group pnmarily measures

¡uanti ty, and the other primarily measures

llow.

Capacity measurement

by

weight

rement

of

capacity by weight

depends

1e accuracy

ol

the scales used and the

:y

oi

the measurement

of

time. A

cert

i fica

cales shall become part

ol

the test record,

l absence ol certification, the scales snall

rated with standard we•ghts befo

e

or alter

ne interval lar the collection period shall

Hl

Vert

i

cal Pump Test- 1994

be measured toan ace uracy of one·q uarter of one

percent.

2.6.7.3 Capacity measure

men

t

by

volume

This is done

by

measuring the change in volume

ot

a tan

k

or reservoir dunng a measured penod

of

t1me . The tank or reservoir can be located on the

inlet

or

discharge side

oi

the pump, and all flow

into or out of the tank or reservoir must pass

through the pump.

In establishing reservoir volume

by

linear meas

urements. considerations shall oe given to

the

geometric regularity (ílatness, parallelism, round

ness. etc.) of the reservoir surfaces, to dimen

sional

changes due

to thermal

expans

1on or

contraction,

orto

deflection resulting from hydros

tatic pressure oi the liquid.

Liquid levels shall be measured

by

means such

as

hook gauges. tloats and vertical or inclined

gauge glasses.

In

some locations and under some circumstan

ces, evaporahon ano loss of liqUid by spray may

be significan and may be greater than the effects

ot

thermal expansion

or

contraction. Allowance

must be made

tor

su

eh

loss or the loss prevented .

2.6.7.4 Capacity

measurement

by

head

type

ra te meters

This is done

by

introducing a reduced area in the

tlow stream. wh ich results in a reducuon m gauge

head

as

the vetocity is increased.

The

gauge head

diiierential is measured

and

used to determine

the capac•ty. The meters discussed in Para

graphs 2.6.7.4.1, 2.6.7.4.2 and 2.6.7.4.3 use this

pnnciple.

Mete rs alling within this classtfication, and ac·

ceotaole

tor

capacity determina lon under this

standard, when used as prescribed herein, are

ventuns, nozzles and oriiice plates.

For any such meter. compliance with this stand·

ard requires that a certitied curve showing the

calibrat1on of the meter shall be obtained from the

cailbrating agency. This certitication must state

the method used in calibratton and whether the

meter 1setf was calibrated, or whether calibration

was

obtained lrom an exact duplicate.

When a llow meter is used on the d ischarge, it is

preferable to mstall

it

in the high-pressure sect1on

between the pump

and

the pressure breakdown

valve.

lf

the working pressure

oi

the meter is lower

than the pump discharge pressure

at

shutof

american national - vertical pumps - can

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