The Roaring 20s and the Harlem Renaissance

8th grade Social Studies

Unit 5 – Week 3 (03/09/15)

Figure 1:

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The Roaring 20s and the Harlem Renaissance

LEARNING TARGETS:The Roaring 20s and the Harlem Renaissance (8.E.1.3)

1. I can summarize the women’s rights movement2. I can analyze how Prohibition lead to an increase in crime.

The Roaring 20s and the Harlem Renaissance (8.C&G.1.4)

1. I can show the correlation between Jim Crow Laws, the Great Migration, and the Harlem Renaissance

Definitions:1. Boot Legging: Smuggling illegal goods over land.2. Flashy Flapper: Nickname for women during the 1920s.3. Isolationism: The practice or belief that countries should keep to

themselves and limit their interaction/trade with other countries.4. Mass Production: The creation of many items, all at the same time,

usually in a factory and through the use of an assembly line.5. Ratification: Approval.6. Rum Running: Smuggling illegal goods over water.7. Speakeasy: A store that illegally sells alcohol.8. Suffrage: The ability or right to vote.9. The Roaring 20s: The nickname for the 1920s.

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Social Impact

I. Racial Minorities (African Americans) Segregation – Many African Americans in the South were still

facing segregation, as a result, millions migrated to the North in what was known as the Great Migration.

The Great Migration – When many African Americans sought a better life for themselves in the North, eventually settling in their own neighborhoods, some of which, like Harlem, became famous for their music (Jazz) and culture.

African Americans in urban communities developed extensive commercial networks and business organizations. Of special note are the activities of the National Association of Wage Earners, National Negro Business League, National Urban League, and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The National Association of Wage Earners, led by Nannie H. Burroughs, worked to standardize and improve living conditions for women, particularly migrant workers, and to develop and encourage efficiency among African American workers. The National Negro Business League, directed during the

1920s by Robert Russa Moton, was a national network of African American entrepreneurs and small businessmen. Several people founded the National Urban League, which developed training programs intended to help African Americans migrating from the South to the North and to this end published several surveys of black populations in northern cities. The Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded in 1914 by Marcus

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Garvey, had over a million members; it advocated racial separatism and provided self-help and self-improvement services and was a source of start-up assistance for small businesses.

African American society in the 1920s expressed a strong sense of cultural identity. The Harlem Renaissance was the center of African American literary and artistic activity during this period. National African American magazines, such as The Messenger, founded in 1917 by A. Philip Randolph, featured articles, fiction, poetry, and advertisements for African American-owned businesses. The back covers of many of its issues feature full-page advertisements for entrepreneur Madam C. J. Walker's famous hair- and skin-care products. Opportunity, the magazine of the National Urban League, carried fiction and poetry as well as some advertising and published a regular year-end feature on outstanding African American newspapers. The Southern Workman defended the rights of African American workers.

Q1) Organize the various organizations above into a graphic organizer. See p. 14.

Q2) What are two specific examples of African American culture developed during the Harlem Renaissance?

Q3) What do you think of African American Marcus Garvey’s position on racial separatism? How does his viewpoint compare with the views of white Southerners during the Reconstruction?

Q4) Why do you think it was important for many African Americans to develop their own music, novels, poetry, etc.?

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II. WomenA timeline of the Women’s Rights Movement

1848The first women's rights convention is held in Seneca Falls, New York. After 2 days of discussion and debate, 68 women and 32 men sign a Declaration of Sentiments, which outlines grievances and sets the agenda for the women's rights movement. A set of 12 resolutions is adopted calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women.1850The first National Women's Rights Convention takes place in Worcester, Mass., attracting more than 1,000 participants. National conventions are held yearly (except for 1857) through 1860.1869 MaySusan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association. The primary goal of the organization is to achieve voting rights for women by means of a Congressional amendment to the Constitution. Nov.Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others form the American Woman Suffrage Association. This group focuses exclusively on gaining voting rights for women through amendments to individual state constitutions. Dec. 10The territory of Wyoming passes the first women's suffrage law. The following year, women begin serving on juries in the territory.1890The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merge to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). As the movement's mainstream organization, NAWSA wages state-by-state campaigns to obtain voting rights for women.1893Colorado is the first state to adopt an amendment granting women the right to vote. Utah and Idaho follow suit in 1896, Washington State in 1910, California in 1911, Oregon, Kansas, and Arizona in 1912, Alaska and Illinois in 1913, Montana and Nevada in 1914, New York in 1917; Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma in 1918.1896

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The National Association of Colored Women is formed, bringing together more than 100 black women's clubs. Leaders in the black women's club movement include Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper.1903The National Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) is established to advocate for improved wages and working conditions for women.1913Alice Paul and Lucy Burns form the Congressional Union to work toward the passage of a federal amendment to give women the vote. The group is later renamed the National Women's Party. Members picket the White House and practice other forms of civil disobedience.1916Margaret Sanger opens the first U.S. birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, N.Y. Although the clinic is shut down 10 days later and Sanger is arrested, she eventually wins support through the courts and opens another clinic in New York City in 1923.1919The federal woman suffrage amendment, originally written by Susan B. Anthony and introduced in Congress in 1878, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate. It is then sent to the states for ratification.1920The Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor is formed to collect information about women in the workforce and safeguard good working conditions for women. Aug. 26The 19th Amendment to the Constitution, granting women the right to vote, is signed into law by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby.

DIRECTIONS: In a paragraph or more, summarize the women’s rights movement.

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Other Important Facts about women in the 1920s Education – women for the first time began entering college in large

numbers. Flashy Flappers – Women started wearing clothing that showed

their arms and legs and began cutting their hair short. Women also began smoking in public (before that it was considered a man’s habit).

Q5) REVIEW: The 15th Amendment granted what group of people the right to vote back in 1870?

Q6) Why do you believe women began dressing and acting differently and pursuing an education?

Q7) What economic effect do you think shorter women’s dresses would have? Explain.

Q8) How do the women of today compare to the women of the 1920s in terms of their attitudes and personalities?

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III. Music Dance clubs – became popular for the first time.

Q9) What economic technology below would make dance clubs more popular? [See p. 10 for example technologies]. Explain.

Jazz music – became the most popular form of music for young people, particularly the women known as flashy flappers.

Q10) Listen to the music being played and describe it in as many adjectives as you can think of.

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Political Impact

IV. Isolationism – After the Great War (1914-1918), the United States entered into a period of isolationism (it limited its contact with other countries), focusing on its own economy and politics.

Q11) Why do you think the United States would focus on itself, rather than contact with other countries?

Q12) How does the United States act today, is it isolationist? Is this a good or bad thing? Explain.

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Economic Impact

V. Mass Production – the creation of many items all at the same time, usually in a factory. All of the following technology was made possible by mass production.

o AutomobilesQ13) How would this technology change the lives of ordinary people? Explain.

o RadiosQ14) How would this technology change the lives of ordinary people? Explain.

o HighwaysQ15) How would this technology improve the ability of companies to make more money?

o SkyscrapersQ16) Why would people want to build a building upwards rather than outwards?

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VI. ProhibitionWhat was it?

The period of time from 1920 – 1933 in the United States when the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol was illegal according to the 18th Amendment.

Why did it happen? The American Public was very fervently White and

Protestant, and therefore they tended to view many things through this particular viewpoint, and alcohol was no different. In many Protestant churches, alcohol was seen as the devil’s drink and was seen as the source of much marital strife, e.g. Domestic violence

How did people react to Prohibition?

Organized criminals like the notorious gangster, Al Capone, created an illegal empire by selling alcohol.

Watch the following video: http://www.biography.com/people/al-capone-9237536 and answer the following questions.

Q17) Who was Al Capone? What kind of childhood did he have?

Q18) What did he do? How did he keep getting away with his crimes?

Q19) How did the government respond to Al Capone’s activities?

Q20) Do you agree with how the government dealt with Al Capone? Why?

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Ordinary people

o Speakeasies : A speakeasy, also called a blind pig or blind tiger, is an establishment that illegally sells alcoholic beverages. Such establishments came into prominence in the United States during the period known as Prohibition (1920–1933, longer in some states). During this time, the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal throughout the United States.

o Bootlegging (smuggling over land)o Rum running (smuggling over water)

Q21) How do you think they came up with the term “speakeasy”?

Q22) What do you think is the origin of the term “blind pig” or “blind tiger”?

Q23) What do you think is the origin of the terms “bootlegging” and “rum running”?

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Create your own Speakeasy!

Explain in one paragraph or more how you would create your own speakeasy and draw a diagram of your establishment in the space provided below. Be sure to include a title and map key for your speakeasy diagram.

Explanation:

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Your Speakeasy Diagram

Map Key:

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African-American Organizations of the early 20 th

centuryOrganization Name Founder Purpose

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