Online Practice

Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxen den Paul Seligson

OXFORD

,.

SECOND EDITION

-_'1.Stina La tham -Koenig - -:e Oxenden _ -= Seligson

and C~ve Oxenden are the original co-authors of ! and English File 2

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2

Grammar Vocabulary Pronuncia

t:.C:l.'tt\.tt\I:l'f\ \I~t~ ~m a<;.~<;"

J>pelll~8 ana numbers - =-=--'-----"-- --------

-- .--~: --.. : . ---.- .- .... - --_ .. _------ ----- - --_ .. 8 C Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy present continuous

10 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Hotel problems

12 A Right place, wrong person simple past; regular and irregular verbs

14 B The story behind the photo past continuous

16 C One dark October evening time sequencers and connectors

18 REVIEW AND CHECK 1&2

20 A plans and dreams be going to (plans and p~edictions)

22 B let's meet again present continuous (future arrangements)

24 C What 's the word? defining relative clauses

26 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 Restaurant problems

28 A Parents and teenagers present perfect + yet and already

30 B Fashion and shopping present perfect or simple past? (1)

32 C Lost weekend something, anything, nothing, etc .

34 REVIEW AND CHECK 3&4

36 A No time for anything comparative adjectives and adverbs, as ... as

38 B Superlative cities superlatives (+ ever+ present perfect)

40 C How much is too much? quantifiers, too, not enough

42 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 The wrong shoes

44 A Are you a pessimist? will ! won't (predictions)

46 B I'll never forget you will ! won 't (decisions, offers, promises)

48 C The meaning of dreaming review of verb forms: present, past, and future

50 REVIEW AND CHECK 5&6

. ~~.~~- ---~ --- .",_ ... _--ctothes, prepositions of place ;) and ;)r

vacations regular verbs: -ed endings

prepositions of time and sentence stress place: at, in, on

verb phrases word stress

airports sentence stress and fast speech

verbs + prepositions e.g., sounding friendly arrive in

expressions for paraphrasing: pronunciation in a like, for example, etc. dictionary

housework, make or do? y and d3-

shopping c and ch

adjectives ending -ed and -ing Ci , on·, and A

time expressions: spend time, sentence stress etc.

describing a town or city word and sentence stress

health and the body ,\ , U , 'al , and ' I:

opposite verbs '11, won't

verb + back word stress: two-syllable verbs

adjectives + prepositions the let ters ow

Grammar

How to... uses of the infinitive

la Being happy uses of the gerund (verb + -fng)

Learn a language in a month! have to, don't have to, must, must not. cant

Jlll..ACTlCAl ENGLISH Episode 4 At the pharmacy

should

$ something can go wrong.... if + present. will + base form (first conditional)

lIfou must be mine possessive pronouns

FVW AND CHECK 7&8

~t would you do? if + past, would + base form (second conditional)

Ye been afraid of it for years present perfect + for and since

Vocabulary Pronunciation

verbs + infinitive: try to, forget weak form of to, linking to, etc.

verbs + gerund the letter i

modifiers: a little (bit), really, etc. sentence stress

get 01 and .. u , sentence stress

confusing verbs linking

adverbs of manner sentence rhythm

animals word stress

phobias and words related to fear sentence stress

30mto sing present perfect or simple past? (2) biographies word stress, i:)r i

.....enCAl ENGLISH Episode 5 Getting around

"';"he mothers of invention

Could do better

c . Indecisive

"IIEW AND CHECK 9&10

A 3ad losers

! .i:re you a morning person?

A hat a coincidence!

passive

used to

might

expressing movement

word order of phrasal verbs

so, neither + auxiliaries

nCAl ENGLISH Episode 6 Time to go home

Strange but true!

IS Gossip is good for you

t "'"'le American English ~quiz

._EEWW AND CHECK 11&12

past perfect

reported speech

questions without auxiliaries

126 Grammar Bank

150 Vocabulary Bank

verbs: invent, discover, ete.

school subjects

word building: noun formation

sports, expressing movement

phrasal verbs

similarities

verb phrases

say or tell?

review

f, -ed, sentence stress

used tal didn't use to

diphthongs

sports

linking

sentence stress, ." \} and 0

contractions: had/ hadn't

double consonants

review

164 Irregular verbs

166 Sound Bank

3

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G word order in questions V common verb phrases, spelling and numbers P vowel sounds, the alphabet

What do you do?

1 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING common verb phrases

1 HOME AND FAMILY

• Where you from?

• Where you born?

• Where do you ?

• Do you in a house or an apartment?

• Do you any brothers and sisters?

• Do you any pets?

2 JOB / STUDIES • What do you .... ?

___ 7 • What school / college do you ___ to?

• Doyou ___ yourjob7 • What year ___ you in?

• Can you any other languages? Which?

• Where did you English before?

a Complete the questions with a verb.

b 1 2 »)) Listen and repeat the Free Time questions. Copy the rhy.thm .

p Sentence st ress Remember that we usually stress the important words in a sentence (the ones that carry important informat ion) and say t he other words less st rongly, e.g., Where are you from? What do you do?

3 FREE TIME

• What kind of music do you to?

• Do you ___ a musical instrument? Which?

• What TV shows do you ?

• Do you ___ any sports? Which ones?

• What kinds of books or magazines do you ?

• How often do you ___ to the movies?

• What did you last weekend?

c In pai rs, ask and answer the ques tions. Can YOll find at leasr o ne rhing from each sec tion rhar you have in common?

0e live in the city.

2 GRAMMAR word order in questions

Reorder the words co make questions.

born where you r parents were ?

1: where from teacher our is ?

3 name your how you do spell ?

4 did last YOll go night out ?

>- p.126 Gramma r Bank lA. Learn more about word order in questions and practice it.

e Stand up and ask different students the first question unt il somebody says yes. Then ask the follow-up question . Continue with the other ques tions, asking di fferent studenrs.

Do you drink a lot of cOffee!l 0es, I do.

How many cups af coffee do you drin~ 0ve cups a day.

Present , drink a lot of coffee (or rea)? How Olany cups ... ?

I go to bed ea rly during the week? \Vhar time ... ?

I spend a long rime on Facebook every day? How long ... ?

Past

I have a big breakfast toda),? \Vhar ... ?

I go somewhere nice on Saturday? Where ... ?

I see a good movie las t week? \Vhat movie ... ? ..... . ,

4 SPELLING & NUMBERS

a 17 ») Listen and wri te six first names.

b > Communication What's his name? How do you spell it? A p.lDO B p.106.

c How do you say these numbers?

13 30 76 100 150 375 600 1,500 2,000 10,500

d 8») Listen and w rite the numbers.

Gate __ _ 3 Tel: __ _ 5 $ '---2 miles 4 Population: ___ _

3 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds, the alphabet

a 5») Look at the sound pictures. What a re the words and vowel sounds? Listen and check.

1 " 2 ' 3 ' 4 5 16 7

I ld~ ? j &e ~ as ~ b > p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings o f

these sounds.

c Add these letters to the circles.

E G H J M 0 R W X Y

A

ti1 B

K Z c

? V D

T

s

Q

N

P

&l) aS u

~ d 16 ») Listen and check, Pract ice

saying the letters in each circle,

e Ask and answer with a panller.

Do you usually ger in much wirh your friends by phone. email, o r Facebook?

Do you have an iPod or ~IP3 player? What kind? Do you often watch O\' Os? \Vhar kind?

Do you warch ESP0J, C1\'N,o r \-IT" ?

Do YOll have any friends from the lJS or rhe UK?

e Inrerview your panner and complete the fo rm ,

Student information

first name

last name

address

phone number

email

Online Practice

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G simple present V d escribing people: appearance and personal ity P fi naL -s / -es

1 VOCABULARY describing people a 9») Listen ro a man descr ibing h is girlfriend and

check (.I) her picrure.

b Listen aga in. \Vhat two quest ions does Luke's friend ask him? How does Luke answer the second question?

P What does she look like? What is she like? What does she look like? = Tell me about her appearance (Is she tall / short? What calor hair does she have?). What is she like? = Tell me what kind of person she is (Is she friendly? Is she shy?).

c >- p.1SO Vocabulary Bank Describing people.

2 READING a \Vho do you think knows you bener, your mother

(or father) or your best friend? \Vhy?

b Read the int roduction and the fi rst paragraph of the article.

\Vhar is the idea of the experiment? 2 \Vho is Charlotte? 3 \V ho are Alice and Katie? 4 Whardo Alice and Katie have mdo?Then what happens?

c Now read what C harlotte says. With a pa rtner guess the meaning of the highlighted words and phrases.

d Cover the text. Can you remember?

What does Cha rlotte like doing? 2 What's she like? 3 What ki nd of men does I doesn't she like? 4 \Vho does she think is going to choose bener? Why?

I like good books.

He doesn't like sports.

In our weekly experiment, single people who are looking for a partner ask their mother and their best friend to help.

This week's single person is Charlotte Ramirez. a 25-year-old web designer. Her father is

Argentinian and her mother is American. She lives in San Francisco, and she doesn't have a partner right now. Her mother, Alice. chooses a man she thinks is perfect for her daughter and her best friend. Kat ie, chooses another. Then Charlot te goes on a date wi th each man. Which one does she prefer?

, , I love going to the movies, but J often feel like staying at home w ith a good book," says

Charlotte. " I'm very friendly and sociable and I get along well with most people. I think I have a good sense of humor." "'What kind of men do I li ke? Well, I like interesting men who can make me laugh. Physically, I prefer men with a really nice smile who are talle r than me. And J don't usually like men with beards! I like men who are into literature and art. and classical music."

" I'm not sure who is going to choose better for me. Both my mom and my best friend know me very well. Maybe Katie cou ld find me a guy who is •• phYSically more compatible, but my mother has "7"7 known me for longer!

3 GRAMMAR simple present

a From memory, try to complete the sentences using the s imple present.

She have a parrner right now.

2 She on a date with each man.

3 Which onc she prefer? 4 What kind of men Il ike?

5 usually like men wi th beards.

b In pairs, answer the questions.

\Vhich lener do you add to most ve rbs with he, sIte, and it?

2 How do the verbs below change with he, she, andi£?

watch I stlldy I [Jo I have

3 \Vhar auxiliary verbs do you use to make questions and negatives with ... ?

a 1/ YOII / lVe / 'hey bile / she / it

c >- p.126 Grammar Bank lB. Learn more about the simple presem and practice it .

d Ca n you remember the kind of men C harlotte likes and doesn 't like?

e Look at the photos of Alexander and Oliver. Find out about them. >- Communicat ion Alexander and Oliver A p.l00 B p.106.

f Which man do you think is better for Charlotte? Why?

4 LISTENING

a 1 14 )) Listen to Charlotte talking about what happened when she met Alexander. What did she think of him? Does she want to see him again?

b Listen again and wrire down any adjectives or express ions that Charlotte uses to describe his appearance and personality.

e llS)) Now repeat for Oliver.

d \Vhar does C ha rlotte decide in the end? Do you agree wirh her?

5 PRONUNCIATION final-s / -es

a 16 )) Listen and repear.

She li kes cars. !.nake

, He works with his parents.

zebra He has brown eyes. She wea rs jeans.

She relaxes with boxes of chocolates. He uses glasses to read.

P Pronunciation of f inal -s I -es: verbs and nouns The final-s is pronounced ~ or 'z. . The difference is small. The final -es is pronounced 'IZ, after ch, c, g, sh, 5, Z, and x.

b 17 )) How do you say rhe lie I she I it form of these verbs and the plural of these nouns? Listen and check.

verbs: choose cook go live stop teach nouns: boy class date friend language parent

6 SPEAKING & WRITING

a Look at the form below and prepare to give this info rmation about your friend.

Do you have a friend who is looking for a partner? Help him / her find one!

Name Personali ty +

Relationship Single

Divorced

Separated

Age

Job

Appearance

Likes

Doesn't like

WI§;;;W

b \Vork in pairs. Ask and a nswer about your people. Compare the information. Do you think the two people are compat ible?

0hat'S his (her) name?

c ... p.lll Writing Describing a person. \Vrite a description of a person you know.

7 18 »)) SONG Ugly JJ Online Proctice •

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G present continuous V clothes, prepositions of place P /01 and fori

1 VOCABULARY clothes a Look at the pictures. \Vhat are the models

wearing? Match the words and clothes.

o boots

o pants

o shirt

o shoes

o skirt

o top

b ~ p.1Sl Vocabulary Bank Things you wear.

2 PRONUNCIATION 1:>1 and l"drl

a 1 20 »)) Listen to these words and sou nds. Practice saying them.

~ computer

v, 2 ~bird

bracelet cardigan

jacket necklace

shirt sk irt T-shirt

b Look at the high lighted letters in t he words below. \Vhich sOllnd do t hey have, I or 2?

actor chemistry f irst painter third arrive imagine world attr'active instrument problem prefer

c 21») Listen and check.

d ~ p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spelli ngs for these sounds.

e Ask and answer the questions with a panner.

\Vhat clothes do you usually wear ... ?

at work J college J school when you go out at night when you wa nt to relax on the weekend

What's the woman doing?

3 GRAMMAR present continuous

She's standing in front of the

window.

a Look at the painting on page 9 by arti st David Hockney (1937-). In pairs. describe t he man and the woman .

\Vhat do they look like? • \Vhat are they wear ing?

• \Vhat are they doing?

b Underline the correc t form of the verb, present continuous or simple present.

In the pa inting the man isn't lI'earitlB J doesll 't wear shoes.

2 In some cou ntries women often wear J are wearin8 hats to wedd ings. 3 In the painting a white cat sits J is sitti1lg on rhe man's knee.

4 My son usua lly sits I is sittitl8 at the back of the class so that the teacher can't see him.

c ,... p.126.Grammar Bank le. Learn more about the present continuous and practice it.

d LOQk at the pictures on page 4. What are the people wearing? \Vhar are they doing?

4 LISTENING a 24 »)) Look at the painti ng Mr arid Mrs Clarkalld Percy on page 9

and listen to the audio gu ide. Focus on the people and things in t he pai nting as they are mentioned.

b Listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) o r F (fa lse).

Percy is the name of the car.

2 Mr. and Mrs. Clark made clothes for famous people.

3 The painting shows their living room.

4 The painting is very smal l.

5 Celia is pregnant in the painting.

6 Ossie is purr ing his feet into the rug because he is cold.

7 The position of the couple in the pa inring is unusual.

8 The open wi ndow is a symbol of the love between them.

9 T he cat is a sy mbol of infide lity. IQ Celia and Ossie later got divorced. 11 Ccl ia doesn't like the painting. 12 Ossie Clark died in 1995.

5 VOCABULARY prepositions of place

3. Look at some sen tences t hat descr ibe the pa inti ng. Complete them wi th a word or phrase from the li st.

in (x2) on (x2) under in front of behind between next to on the right on the left in the middle

I T here are two people ____ the room.

2 T he woman is standing , and the man is sining __

3 of the pai nti ng, ____ the man and the woman, there's an open window.

4 A whi te car is sitt ing the man.

S T here's a rug the man's chair. 6 There's a te lephone the fl oor ____ the

man's chair.

7 the telephone there's a la mp.

S the woman there's a table, and a vase with flowers ir.

b 25 »)) Listen and check. T hen cover the sentences and look at t he pai nt ing. Say where the things and people are.

.6 SPEAKING

P Describing a picture (a painting or photo) When we describe a picture we usually use:

There ;s / There are to say what is in the picture, e.g., There is a table and a vase with flowers in it. There are two people .

• The present continuous to say what the people are doing, e.g., The woman is standing and the man is sitting.

• Sometimes we combine There is and the present continuous, e.g., There is a woman standing near the window.

a >- Communication Describe and draw A p.lDO B p. I 06. Describe your picture fo r your panner to draw.

b In sma ll groups, ask and answer the quest ions.

\Vhich of the th ree paintings in this lesson do you prefer? \Vhy?

2 Whar pictu res or pos ters do you have on the wal l in your bedroom or living room?

3 Do you have a favor ite paiming? \Vhar? Can you desc ribe it?

4 Do you have a favor ite painter? \Vho?

5 Do you (or did you) paint or draw? \Vhar kinds ofrhings?

Online Practice ..

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Hotel problems

1 !E~ INTRODUCTION a Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob.

b 26 »)) Watch or listen to Jenny. Number the pic[U res 1-6 in the order she mentions them.

c Watch or listen aga in and answer the questions.

1 What does Jenny do?

2 Where d id she go a few months ago?

3 Who's Rob Walker?

4 What did they do together?

5 What does she think of Rob?

6 What's Rob's one negat ive quality?

7 How long is Rob going to be in New York?

• rrl

\

2 !E~ CALLING RECEPTION a 27 »)) Cover the dialogue and watch or listen. W ho

does Rob call? W hy?

b Watch or listen again. Complete the You Hear phrases.

)1) You Hear You Say 0

c

Hetlo, reception. Hello. This is room 613.

How can 1 ___ you? There's a problem with

I'm sorry, sir. I'll somebody up

the air-conditioning. It isn't working, and it's very hot in my room.

to look at it right now. Thank you.

Good ___ I reception . Hello. I'm sorry to bother you again. This is room 613.

How can I help you? I have a problem with the Wi-Fi. I can't get a signal.

I'm sorry, sir. I'll you through to IT. Thanks.

28 »)) Watch or listen and repeat t he You Say ph rases. Copy the ~thm .

o I'll A There's a problem with t he ai r-conditioning. B I'lt send somebody to look at it.

1'/1 = I will . We use /'1/ + verb to offer to do something.

d Pract ice the d ialogue in 2 b with a partner.

~ .a In pa irs, role-play the d ialogue.

A (book opcn) You are the receptionist. B (book closed) You are a guesr. You have two problems with your room (think abour whar they are). A O ffer to do something about B's problems. You begi n with Hello, reception.

f Change roles.

3 !E~ JENNY AND ROB MEET AGAIN

a 29 ))) That evening Jenny goes to the hoeel to meet Rob, and they go out for something to eat. Watch or listen and mark t he sentences T or F.

1 Rob says he doesn't like the hotel .

2 Jenny is going to show him around the city tomorrow. 3 Ba rbara is Jenny's boss. 4 Rob is hu ngry. 5 It's four in the morni ng for Rob.

6 They're going to meet at eleven.

7 Jen ny thinks that Rob is going to ge t lost.

b Watch o r listen agai n. Say why the F sentences are fa lse.

c Look at the Social E n glish p h rases. Ca n you remember any of the m iss ing words?

Social English phrases Jenny Here you at last. Rob It's to be here. Jenny Do you have a view? Jenny Barbara's forward to meeting you. Jenny You be really tired. Rob I guess you're __ _ Rob By the __ _

Jenny It's ___ to see you, too.

d 30 ))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.

e Watch o r listen agai n and repeat the phrases . How do you say them in your language?

• Can you ... ?

D tell somebody about a problem (e.g., in a hotel)

o offer to do something

o greet a friend who you haven't seen for a long time

Online Practice

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G simple past: regu lar and irregular verbs V vacations

Where did

P regu lar verbs: -ed endings

1 VOCABULARY vacations

a In one minuce, write down five things you like doing when you're on vacation, e.g., reiax illB,Bo j"B to musellms. Then compare w ith a pa rtner.

b >- p.152 Vocabulary Bank Vacat ions.

c In pairs, interview your partner with the vacation questionnaire. Ask Why?

My perfect summer vacation Which do you prefer ... ? going abroad or going on vacation in your country

going by car, bus, plane, or train

going to the beach or going to a cit y staying in a hotel {or apartment} or going camping

tanning, going sightseeing, or going for walks

hot, sunny weather or cool, cloudy weat her

going with friends or going with your family

2 READING & SPEAKING a Work in pairs. A read about Ioe's vacat ion.

Bread aboU[ Laura's vacation. Find the answers ro questions 1- 5.

\Vhere did he I she go on vacat ion? 2 Who did he I she go with? 3 Where did he I she stay? 4 \Vhat was rhe wea ther like?

5 \V hy didn 't he I she enjoy the vacation?

b Now tell your partner about the vacat ion you read. Use questions 1- 5 to help you.

c Read your pa rtner 's text. In pairs, guess the mean ing of the highlighted words and phrases. \Vhose vacat ion do you rhink was worse? \Vh)'?

d Have you ever taken a vacation that you didn 't enjoy very much? What happened?

The place is perfect, the weather is wonderful, but if you're with the wrong person, a vacation can be a disaster ...

Joe 28, a flight attendant

Last October, I went on vacation to Thailand for two weeks with my girlfriend, Mia.

The vacation began we ll. We spent two days in Bangkok and saw the Floating Market and the Roya l Palace. But things went wrong when we left Bangkok. I wanted to stay in hostels, which were basic but clean, but Mia said they were too uncomfortable. So we stayed in very expensive hotels. r wanted to experience the local atmosphere. but Mia just wanted to go shopping. I thought I knew Mia well, but you don't know a person unti l you travel with him or her. It was awful! We argued about everything.

For our last four days we went to Ko Chang. a beautiful island. It was like being in paradise. The weather was beautiful and the beaches were wonderful, but we just sunbathed without speaking. We spent our last night back in Bangkok, and we met some travelers from Australia. They were really friendly, and Mia started flirting with one of the boys. That was the end.

ee you don't know a When we arrived at O'Hare International

person until you Airportthe next day. we decided to break up.

travel with hi m I took hundreds of photos. but when I got home I didn't show them to anyone.

or her"

Laura 26, a nurse Last spring, my best friend Isabelle and 1 booked a vacat ion in Costa Rica. We rented

cc I'd love to go back to Costa Rica one day ... but without Linda. " a small house for a week. wit h a fantastic view

of the ocean. At the last minute another friend, Linda. asked jf she could come, too. We fe lt sorry for her because she had problems with her boyfriend, so we said yes.

Costa Rica was magical and the weather was perfect. but the vacation was a disaster for one simple reason: Linda was so cheap! She has a good job so she's not poor, but she just didn't want to pay for anything. When we went

sightseeing. she didn't want to go on any cruises or do any nature act ivities that cost money. When we went on a zipl ine tour, she complained that it was too expensive. When we went to have lunch or dinner, she always wanted to go to cheap restaurants or she bought a sandwich and ate it in the house. But the night I invited her and Isabelle out on my birthday, she chose the most expensive things on the menu! The worst thing was that although Isabelle and I paid for the house, Linda never once bought us a coffee or a snack .

I'd love to go back to Costa Rica one day ... but without Linda.

3 LISTENING a 34 »)) You arc going to listen to M ia and

Linda talking about rhei r vacations. First listen to Mia. Does she ag ree w ith Joc about the vacation?

b Listen aga in. What does Mia say about ... ?

1 her relationship with Joe before they went 2 (he places where they stayed

3 talking to other trave lers

4 photos 5 goi ng on vaca tion wi th a boyfriend

c 35 »)) Now listen to Linda. \Vhat's her opinion ofthe vacation? Then listen again. \Vhat does she say about ... ?

Costa Rica

:2 what they did there 3 the cost of her vacation

4 her nex t vacat ion

d \Vha do you sympathize with most, Jac or \rl ia? Lauraor Linda?

4 GRAMMAR simple past: regular and irregular verbs

a \Vhm is the si mple past of these verbs? Are they regu lar or irreg ula r? Check your answers in Joe's text.

go __ begin __ _

spend __ _ leave __ _

wa nt be __ I __ sray __ _ rhink __ _

know argue __ _

sunbathe ___ take

b Now underline the simple pasr ffi verbs in Laura's text. \Vhat are the base forms?

c Fi nd and unde rline [WO s imple past G verbs in the [WO texts. How do you make B and rn in rhe simple past .. . ?

with normal ve rbs

with was I were

with could

d >- p.128 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more aboU[ the sim ple past and practice it.

S PRONUNCIATION regular verbs: -ed endings a 37 ») Listen and repear the sentences.

~tie

1b dog

\Ve booked a vaca tion.

We walked around the town.

\Ve sunbathed on the beach.

\Ve argued about everything.

\Ve relUed a house.

I \Ve decided to break up.

b Say the simple past ofrhese verbs. In which ones is -ed pronounced IId/?

arrive ask end invite like love need park start stay

c 38 )) Listen and check.

P Regular simple past verbs Remember that we don't usually pronounce the e in -ed. The -ed ending is usually pronounced I or ,d . The difference between these endings is very small.

We only pronounce the e in -ed when there is a t or a d before it, e.g., want ed, ended. With these verbs -ed = Id .

6 SPEAKING a Look at Your last vacation below. \Vhat are the ques tions?

b Think about your answers co the questions.

YOUR LAST VACATION

1 WMr<- / !lo? :L Wh<->1- / !lo? 3 Who / !l0 with? q. WMr<- / stAY? 5 WhAt / th<- food Like.? 10 WMt / the. weAtMr Lik.<-? 7 WhAt / do d .... rioy tM dAY? 8 WMt / do At oU!lht? q / MVe A !l0od tiWJ.<-? 10 / MVe A>1-Y probLeww?

c \Vork in pairs. Ask your parmer about his I her vacation. Show interest in what he I she says and ask for more information. Then change roles.

P Useful language for showing interest I±l Really? Wow! Fantastic! Great! etc. El Oh, no! How awful! etc. rn Was it expensive? Why? What happened? etc.

Online Practice

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G past continuous V prepositions of time and place: at, in, on P sentence stress

What was happening?

1 READING a Look at a photo that news photographer

Tom Pilsto n took in 2008. \Vhat do you think is happcning?

b Read To m's dcscriptio n o f what happened o n the night he took the photo. Were you right?

c Read it aga in and answer the questio ns.

Why did Tom Pilsto ll go to Chicago? 2 \Vhy couldn't he take a photograph

of Ob a m a?

3 What was the weather like?

4 Where did he take th is photo?

5 \V here could the people see the election resul ts?

6 Was he sorry that he couldn't go ins ide the center?

7 What happened when Obama won?

d Why do you think the photographer tho ught hi s photo was better than a pho to o f Ob a m a himsel f? Do you agree?

2 GRAMMAR past continuous

a Look at dle highlighted verbs in an extract fro m the text. Do they describe acrio ns that happened ... ?

a after he rook the photo b at the same time as he took the photo

When I took this photo, everybody was looking at the TV screens waiting f or the election results. Some people were quietly holding hands and smiling - others were tense and nervous.

b > p.128 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn m ore about the past continuo us and practice it.

e 41 ))) In pairs, listen to the sounds and make a sentence using the past continuous and the simple past.

( ,~,~? were playing tennis ~n it started to rain.

On NQVember 4th, I arrived in Chicago late in the evening. I wanted to photograph Barack Obama and his family in the convention center, but when I got there I discovered that I didn't

have my press pass and I couldn't go inside. I walked around the park outside the center. Although it was November, it was a warm night. The atmosphere was wonderful. When I took this photo, everybody was looking at the TV screens waiting for the election results. some people were quietly holding hands and smiling - others were tense and nervous. They felt that it was their moment. Suddenly, I realized that this was a better place to be than inside. I was watching Obama's victory through the faces of all these people, African, Hispanic, Chinese, white. At about 11 o'clock the results were announced, and everybody went crazy. people started laughing, shouting, and crying. But when Obama made his speech they all became quiet and emotional. There was only one place to be on the planet that night - and I was there.

3 VOCABULARY at, in, on

a W hich preposi tion do you use befo re ... ?

I a dare (e.g. , November 4rh) __

2 a time (e.g., 11 o'clock) __ _

3 the morning, the afternoon, etc. __

4 a room o r building (e .g., the convention center) __

b Check your answers to a in the text. \Vhat prepositio n do you lI se w ith ... ?

1 a month (e.g .. January) __ 2 the weekend

3 ho me. work , school __

c > p,153 Vocabulary Bank Prepositions, Do parr I .

d ~ Communication at, in, on A p.lOO B p.106. A nswerthe questions w ith a prepositio n and a ti me or place .

4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress

a 43 »)) listen and repeatthe dialogue. Copy the ~thll1.

A Where were you at six o'clock in the evening? B I was at work. A What were you doing? B I was having a meeting with the boss.

b In pairs, take turns answering the ques tions about yesterday.

6:30 a.m. 11:00 a.m. lunchtime 4:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m. midnight

Whe~e were you ,at 9:30 ) ( I was at home. In the mornmg~ '2--

What were you dOing.!.1

5 LISTENING

a Look at a famous photO that was on the cover of many magazines around rhe world in the 19605. \Vhere do you think the people a re? \Vhar do you think is happening?

b Read the beginning of a newspaper anicle. \Vhy do you think it is called ;'Tlie imaBe tllat cost a fortune"?

c 44 )) Now listen to the woma n in the photo talking about it . \Vere YOll right?

d Lis ten aga in. C hoose a, b, or c.

In 1968,she __ .

a wasn't interested in politics b was a communist c was an anarchist

2 She loved rhe atmosphere because all the srudenrs were fighting for __ .

a peace b democracy c freedom

3 She was sitting on a friend's shoulders __ "

a because she was tired b to take photos c so that she could see better

4 She was carrying the flag because __ .

a she was a leader in the demonstration b somebody gave it ro her c she brought it with her

5 Ilet grandfather died six __ later.

a days b weeks c months

e Do you think she is sorry that she was in that phoro?

6 SPEAKING & WRITING

a Talk to a partner. Give more information if you cao.

Do yo u have a photo YOll really like? \Vha took it? What was happening at rhe time?

2 Do you upload photos ro Facebook o r other Internet s ires? What was the last photo you uploaded ?

3 Do you have a pho to as the sc reen saver on your computer or phone? \Vhat is it of?

4 Do you have a favorite photo of yoursel f as a child? \Vho took it? \Vhat was happen ing when they took it? \Vhar were you wea ring?

5 Do you have any photos in your bedroom o r li ving room? Whar are rhey of?

6 Do you know any other famous hi srorica l phoros? \Vho or what are they of?

b ~ p.1l2 Writing l-1y favorite photo. W r ite a desctiption of your favo ri re photo.

Caroline de Bendern was born in 1940. She was the granddaughter of count Maurice de Bendern, a rich aristocrat who owned a lot of property in Paris and

Monaco. Although he had other grandchi ldren, the Count decided to leave all his money to Caroline. "I never knew ~

~ why," says Caroline. "Perhaps because I was pretty." He paid ~ for her to go to very expensive schools in England, and he ~

• hoped that she would marry well, perhaps a member of a 8 European royal family. But Caroline was a rebel. She went to '"

~ New York and worked there for a short time as a model. Then, -in 1968 when she was 28 years Old, she returned to paris... f

Qnlinc Prl!niu~

G time sequencers and connectors V verb phrases P word stress

1 GRAMMAR time sequencers and connectors

a 45 »)) Read the story once. Then complete it with a word or phrase from the box. Listen to the story and check.

After that The next day One evening in October Suddenly Tue miAI:JEes-ta.fef When

b With a partner, answer the questions.

1 Why did Han nah go and speak to Jamie?

2 Why did Jamie play Bllle As YOllr Eyes? 3 What happened when Hannah left the club?

4 What was the restaurant like?

5 Where did they go every evening after that? 6 What was the weather like that evening?

7 \Vhy was Hannah driving fast? 8 Why didn't she see the man?

c From memory, complete these sentences from rhe story with so, because, or althou(jh. Then check with the story.

I She was going very fast ___ she was in a hurry. 2 ___ the food wasn't very good, they had a

wonderful time.

,

3 He was wearing a dark coat, ___ Hannah didn't see him at first.

d :.- p.128 Grammar Bank 2C. Learn more about [irne sequencers and connectors and prac[ice [hem.

e Complete the sentences in your o'\vn words. Then compare with a pa rtner.

They fell in love on their first date. Two months later ...

2 I went re bed ea rly last night because ... 3 The weather was beautiful , so we decided ...

4 It was really cold that night, and when I woke up next morning ...

S Although we didn 't play well in [he final game ...

6 I was driving along the freeway listening to the rad io. Suddenly ...

Because she was in a hurry.

H annah met Jamie in the summer of 2010. It was Hannah's 21st birthday, and she and her friends went to a club. They wanted to dance, but they didn't like the music, so Hannah went

to speak to the DJ. "This music is awful," she said. "Could you play something else?" The DJ looked at her and said, "Don't worry, I have the perfect song for you."

1 Two minutes Later he said, "The next song is by Scouting For Girls. It's called Blue As Your Eyes, and it's for a beautiful girl who's dancing over there." Hannah knew that the song was for her. 2 Hannah and her friends left the club. the DJ was waiting for her at the door. "Hi, I'm Jamie," he said to Hannah. "Can I see you again?" So Hannah gave him her phone number.

____ Jamie called Hannah and invited her to dinner. He took her to a very romantic restaurant, and they talked

' all evening. Although the food wasn't very good, they had a wonderful time. 4 Jamie and Hannah saw each other every day. Every evening when Hannah finished work, they met at 5:30 in a coffee shop on Bridge Street. They were madly in love.

__ --,._ ' Hannah was at work. As usual she was going to meet Jamie at 5:30. It was dark and it was raining. She looked at her watch. It was 5:20! She was going to be late! She ran to her car and got in. At 5:25 she was driving along BrIdge Street.

She was going very fast because she was in a hurry. 6 , a man ran across the street. He was wearing a dark coat, so Hannah didn't see him at first. QUickly, she put her foot on the brake ...

: r~~ .. . , . ..... - ,..... ... ,..., ' ,",\ . ...;, . i . 1"

# -- / / ,

•• . I'".. .~ .: ..

/ / ...........

,,... - ., "".. -

2 PRONUNCIATION word stress

P Stress in two·syUable words Approximately 80% of two-syllable words are stressed on the first syUable.

Most two-syllable nouns and adjectives are stressed on the first syUable, e.g., mother, happy. However, many two-syUable verbs and prepositions or connectors are stressed on the second syllable, e.g., arrive, behind, before.

a Underline rhe stressed syllable in these words from rhe story.

alcross al iter alga in allong at!though awllul be lcause birth lday evelning in lvite per llect selcond

b 49 ))) Listen and check.

3 VOCABULARY verb phrases a Make verb phrases wi th a verb from box 1

and a phrase from box 2. A 11 the phrases are from the story.

invite somebody to dinner

1 invite

have 2 along Bridge Street

drive somebody your

meet email/phone number give a song take across the street wait in a hurry

be in a coffee shop

play for somebody

leave the club very late

run someeedy-te-dinnef

somebody to a restaurant

a wonderful time

b Cover box 1. Try to rem ember the verb for each phrase.

4 SPEAKING & LISTENING

a Read the story ofHannah and Ja mie in 1 aga in .

b In pairs, use pic[U res 1-5 to retell the story. Try to use connectors and the ve rb phrases in 3 .

c T here are two d iffe rent endings to t he story. Ta ke a class vore. Do you wa nt to listen to the happy ending o r the sad ending?

d 50,51 »)) \Vhat do you thi nk is goi ng to happen in the end ing you have chosen? Listen once and check.

e Lis ten aga in . If you chose the happy endi ng, answer the questions in> Communication Happy ending p.LOl . If you chose the sad ending, answer the ques tions in ~ Communication Sad ending p.109.

5 152 ))) SONG Blue As Your Eyes /.I

Online Practice El

GRAMMAR @a.b,or c.

I any brothers or siste rs?

a Have you b Do you c Do you have 2 ___ last night?

a Where you wem b Where did you go c \Vhere you did go

3 My brother ___ soccer.

a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes

4 Her paren ts ___ a small business.

a has b haves c have

5 to music when I'm work ing.

a never li sten b don't never li sten c listen never

6 In the picture the woman ___ a blue dress.

a wears b weari ng c is wea ring

7 A \Vhat ___ ? B I'm looking for my keys.

a you are doing b do you do c are you doing

8 She's in college. She ___ history.

a 's sruding b 's studying c studying 9 We ___ ro Bangkok last August.

Cl were b went c did go 10 I saw the movie, but I ___ it.

a didn 't liked b don't liked c didn't like

11 When I got home, my parents on rhe sofa.

a were sirring b was sitting c were siti ng

12 What at 11 p.m.? You didn't answer my cal l.

a YOll were doing b you was doing c were you doing 13 She couldn't see him because she her glasses.

a wasn't wearing b didn't wear c didn't wear ing 14 We went to the movies. ___ we decided to go for a walk.

a After b Then c \Vhen

15 We had a great time, ___ the weather wasn't very good.

a so b because c although

VOCABULARY a Complete the phrases with a ve rb from the list.

book do drive invite leave look play stay take wear

A What do yOll ___ ? B I'm a docrer.

2 A \Vhat does shc ___ like? B She's tall and slim .

3 She doesn't usuallY·1 ~ewelry-only her wedding ring.

4 A Did you ___ any photos? B 0, I didn 'r.

SA Wheredidyou ___ ? B In asmallhorel.

6 Did you ~your flights on linc?

7 A Let's~yourparemstodin ner . B Good idea.

8 A Are you going to -=...:....- the re?

B No, we're going to take the train.

9 A Go on! Ask the DJ to ~ our song! B OK. 10 A What time do we need to~ home tomorrow?

B About 7:00. Our flight is at 9:00.

b Complete with at, in, o r 0 11.

1 The meecing is ___ March 13th .

2 A \Vhere's Mom? B She's the kitchen.

3 He was born 1989.

4 A Where's the dictionary? Bi t's ___ the shelf in my room.

S Mark's not back yet- he's still ___ school.

6 It's a very quiet town , especia lly ___ nighr.

7 We wem __ vacat ion to Bangkok last yea r.

c @thewordthatisdifferem.

1 stra ight long blond beard

2 smart lazy generous funny

3 friendly

4 dress

5 socks

6 neck lace

7 windy

8 basic

cheap

skirt

gloves

bracelet

foggy dirty

stupid unkind

rights

sneakers

t ie

sandals

ring scarf

dirty sunny

uncomfortable luxurious

PRONUNCIATION a

b

@ the word with a different sound .

? E G ~

2 ~ shir t shorts

3 'IZI chooses languages

4 ~ weight heigh t

5 ~ arri ve a long

Underline the stressed syllable.

1 ta l ka tive

2 mus tache

3 pre fer

4 dis gus ting

V

work curly

live" glasses

kind n igh t

actor about

5 corn for ta ble

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

a Read the newspaper article once. Does the journalist think that taking pharos in museums is a good thing or a bad thing?

b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)

The journalist saw rourists raking photographs of works of art in Rome and New York.

2 \Vhen he first saw people taking photos in rhe MOMA, he didn't understand what they were really doing.

3 Then he realized that the photographers were not looking at rhe painrings.

4 They were raking phoros because they wanted to look at the paintings later.

5 Later a couple asked him co take a photo of rh cm in front of a pai nti ng.

6 He suggests twO possible ways of solving the problem.

c Look at the high lighted words in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check with your teacher or with a dictionary.

The first time I noticed this phenomenon was a few years ago, in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome - a crowd of people ... standing around Michelangelo's Pier&., taking photos with

their cameras and cell phones. Then last week I saw it again at the Museum of Modern Art (the MO MA) in New York City. At first, I wasn't too worried when I saw people photographing the paintings. It was a little irritating, but that was all. It didn't make me angry. Then the sad truth hit me. Most of the people were taking photos without looking at the paintings themselves. People were pushing me, not because they were trying to get a better view of the art, but because they wanted to make sure that no one blocked their photo. Was it possible that maybe they were taking the photos so that they could admire the paintings better when they got home? This was very improbable. They were not there to see the paintings, but to take photos to prove that they had been there.

Then it got worse. Now people were taking photos of their partners or friends who were posing next to, or in front of some of the most famous paintings. Neither the photographers nor the person they were photographing had looked at the art itself, although I saw that sometimes they read the label, to make sure that the artist really was famous. At least nobody asked me to take a picture of them together, smiling in front of a Picasso!

I think that photography in museums should be banned, but I also have a less drastic solution. I think that people who want to take a photo of an exhibit should be forced to look at it first , for at least one minute.

Adapted from Marcel Berlln'S article in The Guardian

~ CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

1 53 ») On the street \Vatch or li sten to five people and answer the questions.

Justin Joanna Jeanna

Just in ___ _

a looks like his rnorher b looks like his father

David

c doesn't look like his father or his mother 2 Joanna's favorite painting is of ___ _

a a landscape b a person c an animal

3 Jeanna's last vacation was a short and stressfu l b long and fun c short but good

4 David

a takes a lot of photos b is in a lot of photos c has a lor of photos on his phone

5 Yoni sa)'s ___ _

a he enjoys crying at the end of a movie

Yoni

b he thinks movies with a sad end ing are more realistic c he never watches movies with a sad ending

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do the tasks with a partnet_ Check (.1') the box if YOll

can do them.

Can you ... ?

o ask and answer six questions about work I stud ies, family, and free~time activities

2 0 describe rhe appearance and personaliry of a person you know well

3 0 describe a picrure in rhis book and say what is happening, what the people are wea ring, ete.

4 0 ask and answer three questions about a recenr vacation

5 0 describe a favorite photo and say what was happening when you rook it

6 0 say three true sentences using the connectors so, because, and althollBh

~ Short movies A photographer VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

-

G be going to (plans and predictions) V airports P sentence stress and fast speech

1 VOCABULARY airports

a \Vhen was the last t ime you were at an airport? Was it to travel somewhere (where?) or to meet someone (who?)?

b Look at the airport signs and match them ro the words and ph rases below.

[J Arrivals

o Baggage check-in

o Baggage claim

o Check-in

o Customs

o DeQ2,[tures

D Gates

o ;'levators

CJ Passport control

o Terminal

o Restrooms

D Cart

c 54 »)) L isten and check. Then cover the words and look at the symbols. Remember che words and phrases.

2 LISTENING

I'm going to teach English.

a Look at the three t ravelers in the picrure. Who do you t hink is ... ?

going to wo,rk abroad for an NCO (= non-governmental organization) going to see an ex-partner going ro do a phoro shoO[ in an exot ic place

What are their plans? What are their dreams?

.-I

We spent a morning in the departures area last

week asking people about their travel plans.

b 55 )) Listen a nd check your answers to a . T hen listen aga in and complete the chart.

Where to? Why? Other information

Olivia

- - -Matthew

Lily I

3 GRAMMAR be going to (plans and predictions)

a 56 J)) Look a t these senrences from the airport im ervicws and fill in the blan ks with a form o f be [Joi ll8 to + verb. Then li sten and check.

1 En glish to young children .

2 How lo ng there for? 3 It 's winrer in Austra lia now, so ______ _

pretty cold .

4 _______ you at the air po rt?

5 I'm sure _______ 3 great ti me.

b In pairs decide i f sentences 1- 5 arc plans or predictions about the fut llre. Write PL (pl an) or PR (prediction).

c >- p.130 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn mo re about be BoillB to and prac tice it.

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sentence stress and fast speech

a 58 »)) Listen and repe at the sem ences . Copy the .r.h.x. t h m .

What m )'ou gQing ro do tonight? 2 Are yOll gQing to see a movie? 3 ['m gQing to cook a meal for you.

4 I think its gQing ro rain . S We aren't gQing to have a vacation thi s year.

)C' Fastspeech:gonna - _ When people speak fast they often pronounce going to as gonna '''g;)nal, e.g., What are you going to do? sounds like What are you gonna do?

b 59 »)) Listen and w rit e six sentences .

c > Communication What are your plans? A p.IOI B p.107. Incerview each other about you r plans.

5 READING a What is your nearest a irport? \Vhat 's it li ke? \Vhat

can you do there while you're waiting for a fl ight?

b Read an art icle about tne top airports in the world . Which is the best a irport(s) if you ... ?

have a med ical problem

2 would like to see a mov ie

3 want to play a sport or exercise

4 need to leave your dog for the weekend

5 are worr ied about gening lost

6 want to wash your clothes

7 would like to see the c ity between fl ights

For many people airports are a nightmare -long lines when you check in and go through security and an even longer wait if your flight is delayed. But there are some

airports where you can actually enjoy yourself. All good airports have excellent facilities for business people and children, free Wi~Fi, restaurants, cafes, and stores. But the best airports have much more ...

SINGAPORE [HANGI AIRPORT is parad ise for flower lovers because it has an indoor orch id garden! It also has a rooftop sw imming pool and a free sight-seeing tour for people who have at least five hours to wait for their connecting flight.

If you like computer games, you 'll never be bored at HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - there are dozens of free Playstations all overthe terminals! It's also good for people with no sense of direction - there are "Airport Ambassadors~

in red coats, who help you to get from one place to another.

INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT isthe place to relax. You can go to the hairsalon and have beauty treatments or a massage. Sports fans can also play golf atthe airport's 72-hole golf course!

MUNICH AIRPORT helps to keep passengers entertained with a GO-seat movie theater and non-stop movies. There is also free coffee and tea near all the seating areas, and lots of free magazines and newspapers.

If you worry about your health and like to be near medical services at all t imes, OSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT in Japan is the perfect place to wait because it has dentist and doctor offices. And for people with animals, there is even a pet hotel!

If you don't have time to do your laundry because of your busy schedule, drop it off atthe VANCOUVER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT cleaners before you have to board your flight. Then pick up your clean clothes when you get back from your trip.

c Look at the highlighted word s and phrases related to a irports and guess their meaning.

d Role-play w ith a partner.

6

A imagine YOll are at one of these airports and your fl igh t is delayed for th ree hours. B ca ll s you on your cell phone. Tell B where you are and what you are goi ng to do. T hen change roles. Do the same with other a ir ports.

60 )) SONG This is the Life -"

Online Practice

I

G present continuous (future arrangements) V verbs + prepositions, e.g., arrive in P sounding friendly

1 READING & LISTENING a 61 1)) How do you say these dates? Listen and check.

May 3 6/ 22

August 12, 2012 December 31 2/ 5 July 20, 199B

b Ben a nd Lily a re o ld f riends from college. Read their Facebook messages and number them in order.

_ Home Profile

Lily Varnell

D Great. I'm going to book my tickets tomorrow, and then I can let you know my flight times.

Ben West

D OK. Why don't you call me closer to the date, at the end of April? Then we can set a day and a time to meet. I know a great restaurant. ..

Lily Varnell

DJ Hi, Ben! No news from you for ages. How are things? Are you still working at the University of San Francisco? I have a conference there next month, and I thought perhaps we could meet. I'd love to see you again! Lily.

Ben West

D It depends on the day. I'm going to Los Angeles one day that week, but it's not very far - I'm coming back the same day. I'm su re we can find a time that 's good for both of us.

lily Varnell

D It's from May 3rd to the 7th, but I don't know my travel arrangements yet. What are you doing that week? Are you free any time?

Ben West

D lily! Great to hear from you . Yes, I'm sti ll at the univ ersity here and it 's going really well - San Francisco is a great city to li ve in. When exactly is the conference?

Lily Varnell

D Wonderful! I can't wait!

When are you leaving?

c Read the messages aga in in the r ight o rder. W hy does Lily ge t in rouch w it h Ben? \Vhat are they plann ing to do?

d Match t he highlighted words and ph rases to t heir mea ning.

e

I for a long ti me

2 defin ite plans for rhe future

3 I continue to be 4

5 6

___ maybe ____ therwo

___ to decide something (e.g., a day I date)

62 )}) Lily ca ll s Ben and leaves him a message. Listen and complete her fli ght info rm at ion.

Thank you for booking with JetBlue

YOUR RESERVATION NUMBER IS: 15CS2L

Going out: Flight JBY4587 Depart Boston at 12:10 p.m. Arrive Sa n Francisco at

Date: ___ _

Going back: Fl ight JBY4588 Date: ___ _ Depart San Francisco at ___ _ Arrive Boston at 9:10 p.m.

Hotel reservations: Six nights at Hotel ___ _

2 GRAMMAR present continuous (future arrangements)

a In pairs, underline five present COminUQll5

\'erbs in the Facebook messages. \Vhich [WO

are about now? \Vhar time period do the other three refer to?

b 63 ))) Look at three ext races from rhe message Lily leaves Ben. Ca n you remember the missing verbs? Listen and check.

1 I'm from Boston on JetBlue.

2 I 'm in Sa n Francisco at 2:40 p.m.

3 1'111 at a hotel near the convention center.

c >- p.130 Grammar Bank 38. Learn more about the present canti nuou s for [mufe arra ngements and practice it.

d 65 )) Lily ca lls Ben when she arrives at the hotel. Listen to the conversation. \Vhar day do they arrange to meet?

e Listen again. Complete Ben's calendar for the week.

Sunday~.__ ..

seeing Paul

Monday 3 _ _ _.

Tuosday4 _ _

WeOneSdayS

Thursday 6

Friday 7

f Cover the ca lendar. \Vork with a partner and test your memory.

What's Ben ~o~ng ') (H~~~ seeing Paul. What's on sunda~ ~ doing on Monday?

g 66 »)) Listen. \Vhac happens when Ben and Lily meec?

3 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sounding friendly

a 67 »)) Listen to another dialogue. Then listen again and repeat it

b

sentence by sentence. Try ro copy the speakers' intonation.

A Would you like to go out for dinner? B I'd love to. A Are you free on Thursday? B Sorry, I'm going to the movies. A What about Friday? What are you doing then? B Nothing. Friday's fine. A OK. Let's go to the new Italian place. B Great.

Practice the dia logue with a panner. Try ro sound friendly.

c Complete your calendar with different activities fo r three evenings.

Monday Wednesday Fnday Sunday

Tueaclay Thursday Saturday

d Talk to other students. Try ro find days when you are both free and suggest doing something. \Vrite it on your calendar. Try to make an arrangement with a different person for every night.

Are you free on Friday evenin~ 0es, I am.

Would you like to go to the moviesQ 0es, I'd love to.

"l VOCABULARY verbs + prepositions

a Look at things Lily and Ben say. \Vhat are the missing prepositions?

1 Irdepends __ rheday.

2 I'm arr ivi ng __ Sa n Francisco at 2:40 p.m.

3 Paul invired me __ dinner ages ago.

b > p.153 Vocabulary Bank Prepositions. Do part 2 (Verbs +

prepositions).

c Complete the questions with a preposition. Then ask and answer with a parrner.

\Vhat do you usually ask __ if you go to a cafe with fr iends?

2 \Vho do YOll think should pay __ rhe meal on a first dare? 3' Who do you usually speak __ when you're worried __

something? 4 Do you spend more money __ c1orhesor __ gadgets? 5 Do you rhink ir's possible to fall __ love __ somebody withour

meeting rhem face·to·face?

5 WRITING

>- p.113 Writing An informal email. \Vrite an email about travel arrangements.

Online Practice El

I

G defining retative clauses V expressions for paraphrasing: like, for example, etc. P pronunciation in a dictionary

What's a gym? ... -~

1 LISTENING

a Do you like play ing word ga mes like Scrabble or doing crosswords? Look at t he Scrabble letters on the page. How many words of four or more lette rs can you make in three minutes?

b ~2 )) Listen to the introduction to a TV game show, Wltat's tile Word? How do you play the game?

c 2 3 ))) Now listen to the show. \Vrire down the six words.

I 2 ___ _

3 ___ _ 4 ___ _ 5 ___ _

6

d 4 ))) Li sten and check your answers.

2 GRAMMAR defining relative clauses

a Look at three sentences from What 's tile Word? and complete them with wlio, rlwt, or where.

•

It 's something people use to speak to another person.

2 It's a place people go when they want to go shopping.

3 It's somebody ____ works in a hospit,aI.

b Read sentences 1-3 aga in. \Vhen do we use wlio, that, and where?

c >- p.130 Grammar Bank 3C. Learn more about defining relative clauses and practice them. 0

~ ,

U. S, L

3 VOCABULARY paraphrasing a \Vhat do you usually do if you're talking to someone in English

and you don't know a word that YOll need?

a Look up the translation on your phone. b Try to mime rhe word. c Try re explain what you mean usi ng other words you know.

b 6 )) Complete the useful expressions wi th these words. Then listen and check.

example kind like opposite similar somebody something somewhere

--

Useful expressions for explaining a word that you don ' t know:

I It 's I a person who works in a hospital. 2 It's I a thing that we use for everything nowadays. 3 It's I a place where people go when they want to

buy something. 4 It's a ___ of gadget.

S It's the of dark. 6 Ir 's ____ light, bur you use it to describe hai r.

7 It's ro intelligent. 8 For ,YOll do this to rhe TV.

c Comple te the defi nitions for these words.

1 a DJ It 's somebody .. . 2 an art gallery It's somewhere. 3 a camera It's something ... 4 an elevator I( 's a kind of...

E

R S su nbathe For example, you do thi s ... 6 curly It 's the opposite ... A

I

4 SPEAKING ~ Communication What's the word? A p.lOl B p.107. Play a game and define words for your partner to guess.

I L E , ,,-- H4 I I ~

~,

READING Read rhe article. How many ways does it men tio n to create new words? \Vhar are they?

Look at the highlighted l1 ew words. What do you think ~ey mean? M atch them to t he defi nitio ns below.

____ 11 a young ma n who is goi ng our w ith a much older woman

, ____ 11 to send a message using a cell phone

____ '1 a person who works in a coffee sho p 3 ~ ____ 11 feel ing angry because of the traffic or

another person's d riving

" ____ ', coffee wirh hor milk

6 ____ '1 a place whe re YOll can also have very good food

c Can you ex pla in the meaning o f t hese other words from the tex t?

emoticon to tweet iPod to google /tj·Fi ring tone smart phone

PRONUNCIATION pronunciation in a dictionary

.a Look at twO d ictionary extracts. \Vhat do the J:bb reviarion s mean ?

.arch Is;)rtf v look carefully because I'OU are trying to find sb or sth

I ,. , adj __ _

busy I'blzi, adj ocupado

3 sb 4 sth

Look at the pho netic transcriptio ns in a . How do you p rono ll nee t he words?

P Checking pronunciation in a dictionary

This symbol {I) shows stress. The st ressed syllable is the one after t he symbol. The Sound Bank on p.166 can help you to check the pronunciation of new words.

2 7 »)) Look ca refu lly at the pronunciatio n o f t he words below. Practice say ing them correc tly. Listen and check. Do yo u know what they mean?

YouTlI be '!yutuh 4 gadget ilgred30t ,

.2 keyboard l! kibJrdl 5 message Pmcsldy

3 zoom Izuml 6 hacker ·" hrekar

.,;;/-

900 new . '. . in 3 months

Everyone knows the English language is changing. Every three mont hs. the OED (Oxford English Dictionary) publishes updates to its online dictionary.

One recent update contained 900 new words, new expressions. or new meanings for existing words. But where do they all come from?

New words are created in many different ways. We can make a new word by combin ing t wo words. like gastropub (gastronomy + pub) or emoticon (emotion + icon). Sometimes we put two words together in a new way. for example. road rage or boy toy.

We also find that nouns can change into verbs. Take the word t ext . Text was always a noun (from about 1369, according to the OED), but it is now very common as a verb, to text somebody. Other new words al ready existed, but with a djfferent meaning. For example, tweet was the noise that a bird makes, but now we use it more often (as a verb or a noun) for a message that people put on the social net working site Twitter.

Another way in which we make new words is by "adopting" words from foreign la nguages, like barista or latte (imported from Italian when coffee shops became really popular in the US in the 1990s).

A lot of new words come from the names of brands or companies , for example, we play music on an iPod and we google information. We also need more general words to describe new technology or new gadgets: Wi·Fi, ri ngt"n" , ~ and smartphone are some recent examples.

The invention of new words is not a new phenome no n. The word brunch (breakfast + lunch) first appeared in 1896. newspaper (news + paper) in 1667, and English speakers started to use the wo rd cafe (from French) in the late 19th century. The difference now is how quickly new words and expressions enter the language and how quick ly we start to use and understand them.

1 !E~ IN THE NEW YORK OFFICE

a 28»)) \Varch or listen. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (fa lse).

The New York office is smaller than the London office.

2 Barba ra is the designer of rhe magazine.

3 Rob has never been [0 New York before.

4 Barbara is goi ng ro have lunch with Rob and Jenny.

5 Holly is go ing to work with Rob.

6 Holly wams to go to the res rauranr because she's hungry.

Watch o r listen again. Say why the F sentences are false.

Restaurant problems

2 VOCABULARY restaurants

Take the restauranr quiz with a partner.

RESTAURANT QUIZ What do you calL? 1 the book or list that tells you what food there is 2 the three parts of a meal 3 the person who serves you 4 the piece of paper with the price of the meal 5 extra money you leave if you are happy with your meal or with

the service

What do you say ... ? 1 if you want a table for four people 2 when the waiter asks you what you want 3 when you are ready to pay

~~---------------------

3 !E~ AT THE RESTAURANT .

a 29 »)) Cover the dialogue and wacch or listen. Answer the ques tions.

\Vhar do rhey order?

2 Whar problems do they have?

b \Va tch o r lis tcn agai n. Complete the You Hear phrases.

)) You Hear You Say 0 Are you ready to ? Yes, please.

Can I get you something No, thank you. I'd like the to with? tuna with a green salad.

And for you, sir? I'll have the steak, please.

Would you like that w ith fries or a baked ? Fries, please.

How would you like your steak? Rare, , or Well done.

well done? Nothing for me.

_______ O_K.Andto ======~?~w~a~t~e~"~p~le~a~s~e~. ________ ___ _____ or sparkling? Sparkling.

The tuna for you ma'am, and I'm sorry, but I asked for a the steak for you, green salad, not fries.

No problem. I'll it . Excuse me.

Yes, sir? Sorry, I asked for my steak well done and this is rare.

I'm really sorry. I'll it back to the kitchen.

o American and Brit ish English (French) fries = American English chips = British English

c 10 »)) Watch or listen a nd repeat the You Say ph rases. !:&py the rh):th 111 .

d Practice thc dia logue wit h a partner.

e In pa irs, rolc~pl ay the dia logue.

A You are in rhe restaura nr . Order a steak o r tuna.

S You are the wai ter/wa itress. Offer A fries, a ba ked potato, o r sa lad with the stea k o r tuna. You begin with Are ),ou ready to order?

A There is a problem with your order. Explain it to the wa iter/wa itress.

S Apologize, and t ry to solve the problem.

f Change roles.

4 !E~ HOLLY AND ROB MAKE FRIENDS

a ?,Ill )) Watch or listen to Rob, Holly, and Jen ny. Do they enjoy the lunch?

b \Vatch or listen aga in and answer the quest ions.

I \Vhat 's Rob going to write about?

2 How does Holly offer to help him with interviews?

3 \Vhat does she say they could do one evening? 4 \\l har's the problem with the check?

5 \Vhy does Jenny say ir's time ro go?

6 Do you thi nk Jenny wanted Holly to come ro lunch?

o American and British English check = American English bill = Brit ish English

c Look at the Social En glish p hrases. Ca n you remember any of the m iss ing words?

Social English phrases Holly ___ tell me, Rob .. .

Rob Well, to with .. . Rob Do you have any ? Rob That would great.

Jenny we have the check (bill), please? Jenny Excuse me, I think there's a

Jenny OK, to go.

d 12 ))) Watch o r listen and complete the phrases.

e \Va tch o r listen again and repea t t he ph rases. How do you say them in your language?

Can you.,.?

D order food in a restaurant

C explain when there is a problem with your food , the check, etc.

C ask what somebody is going to do today

Online Practice

1 READING

G present perfect + yet and already V housework. make or do? P Iyl and Id?!

a Look at the definition of reellaBer. How do you pronounce it? Do you have a similar word in your language to describe a person of that age?

teenager I'tincld3Jr,' a person who is between 13 and 19 years old

b Read the article about some annoying habits. \Vrite P if you think the sentence is a parent talking about teenagers, or T if you think it is a teenager talking about h is I her parents.

Teenagers have annoying habits - Follow

but so do their parents! tr I io

Josh Lopez 1

They come into my room without knocking and then are surprised to see things they don't really want to know about

Rachel Black

They just keep on texting when I'm telling them ..... _~ something really important and they say, "Yeah, yeah I

heard you." Of course they didn't.

0LJ Anthony Smith ..

They always pick up the remote and change the channel when I'm watching something really interesting.

'""'"~-- Isla May They leave their room in a terrible mess and then roll

....... their eyes when I ask them to clean it.

Mike Donovan )f'

They never pick up dirty clothes or wet towels from the floor. They think some elves come later and pick them up!

Sarah Vine

They say no before I've even finished explaining what I want to do.

OaveWin

They tell me to do the dishes and then complain that I put things in the wrong place in the dishwasher.

SamJames

Whenever I need to call them, their cell phone is either turned off or the battery is dead.

'---

c Compare with a partner. Do YOll agree?

d Look at the highlighted verbs and verb phrases. With a parmer, say what you think they mean.

e Do any of the parents' or teenagers' habits annoy you? W hich ones?

Have you cleaned up your

room yet?

2 VOCABULARY housework, make or do?

a Look aga in at the highlighted phrases from the text. \Vhich three are connected with housework?

b ~ p.1S4 Vocabulary Bank Housework, make or do?

3 GRAMMAR present perfect + yet and already

• 2 15)) Look .tthe pictures. What do you think the people a re arguing about? Listen and check.

I Lisren again and complete the dia logues \\ ieh a past parriciple from the list.

asked done dried ~njshed looked seen

1 A Have you seen I can't f ind it.

my yellow sweater?

B No, I haven't. Have you ____ in your ctoset?

A Of course I have. What's that under your bed?

B Oh, yes. I remember now. I borrowed it.

2 A Why aren't you doing your homework? B I've already it. A Really? When? B I did it on the bus this afternoon.

3 A Have you ____ yet? B Almost. A I need the bathroom now. B But I haven't ____ my hair yet. A Well, hurry up then.

4 A I've already you to get a plate for that sandwich. I just cleaned the floor, you know.

B OK. Cops - too late. Sorry!

c Look at the first two questions in dia logue 1. -\retheyabout ... ?

a a specific rime in rhe past

b a non·specific time (Le., sometime between the past and now)

d Underline the sentences wi th yet and already in dialogues 2-4. What do you t hink they mean?

,.. p.132 Grammar Bank 4A. Learn more about the present perfect and practice it.

e 218)) Listen and make the !±l sentences negative and the El sentences affirmative.

~ I've finished. 0 haven't finished.

)) /t hasn't rained. 0 '5 rained.

J

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING Iyl and Id:J

a ~19 ») Listen and repeat the picture words and sounds.

yacht

'ri9' ~.

jazz

b ~20 ») Put the words in the right column. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.

Just yet college yellow change teenager use uniform year yoga enjoy beautiful jacket young bridge argue

c Practice sayi ng these sentences.

Jim has joined a judo class. Have you worn ~ our new uniform yet?

cl > Communication Has he done it yet? p.IOI.

e g) 211)) Lisren. Say whar's happened.

5 LISTENING

a 22 ») Listen to rhe firsr part of a radio program abourreenage caregivers. Answer the quest ions.

1 'W hat reputation do teenagers have?

2 How many teenagers have to look after a fa mily member?

3 \Vhat kinds of responsibilities do rhese young helpers have?

b ~23 »)) Now lisren ro rhe resr of rhe program. In what way are the two teenagers unusual? Do they feel positive or negative about their lives?

c Listen again and answer with A (Alice). 0 (Dan iel), or B (borh of rh em).

Who ... ? 1 takes care of his/her mother 2 takes care of his/her brother and sister 3 does a tot of housework 4 can't cook 5 doesn't live with his/ her father 6 gives his/her mother a massage 7 is sometimes angry with his/ her friends 8 never goes out without his/ her phone

d Do you know any teenagers like Alice and Daniel? \Vhat do they do?

Online Practice El

G present perfect or simple past? (1) V shopping P candch

1 READING c Read the interview. Fill in the blanks with A-F.

a \Vith a partner, write down the names of three fashion designers. \Vhat nat ionality are they? Do they des ign more for men o r for women? What kinds of thi ngs does [heir company make?

A I absolutely hated dressing as a man.

S I really understand how women want to feel.

C ~y boyfriend at that time was very lucky.

o My feet were killing me!

E The only things I enjoyed there were art and sewing.

b Read the int roduct ion to an interview and look at the pharos. Do you like the clothes?

F They are so chic, and their sense of color is so natural to them.

d Look at the highlighted words and phrases re lated ro fa shion and shopping, and guess their meaning.

LI N DKA Cl ERACH is a fashion designer. She makes very e~clusive clothes for women. She has made clothes for many celebrities including members of the British royal family. for example Kate Middleton and Sarah Ferguson. whose wedding dress she designed, and actresses like Helen Mirren.

DID YOU ALWAYS WANT TO BE A DESIGNER? Not at all! ' \'hen I was at school I had problems reading, and later I was diagnosed as dyslexic. 1 __ After school I took a secretarial course and then I gO{ ajob at Vogue magazine. I loved it, and there I realized that what I wanted to do was design clothes.

WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE LIKE YOUR CLOTHES? Being a female designer has many advantages. 2 __ )' ly customers lean lhe studio feeling like a million dollars!

WHAT NATIONAlITY DO YOU THINK HAS THE BEST FASHION SENSE? Probably the Italians. 3 _ _

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A COSTUME PARTY? I hate costume parties. But 1 can remember onc, when I was ten.

WHAT DID YOU GO AS? l\.jy mother made me and my younger sister dress as a bride and bridegroom I was the bridegroom! 4 __

HAVE YOU EVER MET SOMEONE WHO WAS WEARING EXACTLY THE SAME OUTFIT AS YOU? l\"ever, thank goodness! 1 'm lucky because I can choose from a large selection of our collection each season!

HAVE YOU EVER FALLEN BECAUSE YOU WERE WEARING VERY HIGH HEELS? I've never fallen , but once I had to take off 111)

shoes in the middle ofa reception at the Hou of Lords! 5 __

WHAT DID YOU DO? I walked Out into t he st reet in bare fect and jumped into a taxi!

HAVE YOU EVER DESIGNED CLOTHES FOR A MAN' Yes, I have.

WHEN WAS In h was when I was studying at the London College of Fashion. I designed my first men's wcar collection - shirts, pants, and leather jackets. 6 __ He didn't need to buy any clothes that year!

.-:::--------Glossary bride I bridegroom a woman I man on the day of her I his weddin The House of Lord s the second

house of the British Parl iament

ny >us

"

lin g I m

GRAMMAR present perfect or simple

.. Look at the last four questions in the inrerview. A nswer wi th 3 parrne r.

\Vhich questions are about exper iences sometime in Lindka's life?

... \Vhich questions are about a specific moment in Lindka's past?

3 \Vhat does ever mean in the quest ions that begin w ith Have you

~ p.132 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more about the present p erfecc and ... imple past and practice them.

3 LISTENING a 2 26»)) Listen to four people answering the quest ion Haveyou

el'er bought sometlt ill8 that you've never IVO rll ? What did they buy? \Vrite 1- 4 in the boxes. (There is one item YOll don't need.) ~

..........J a CQa t ~

some pams

o some spor ts clothes

D a shin

o aski rr

Listen aga in. What was the problem with the clothes? Wri te 1-4 in the boxes.

This person ...

:J bought something online, but didn 't like the clotheS when they arrived. .

o bought the clothes [00 quickly and later didn 't like them.

o wamed (Q look like a famous singer, but looked like another.

.=:J suddenly didn 't need the new clothes any more.

c Have you ever bought something that you've never worn? \Vhat was it?

4 VOCABULARY shopping

a 27»)) Listen to some sentences from the listening. Fi ll in the blan ks w ith one word. W ith a partner, say what the h ighlighted phrases mea n.

I remember when I was in the room I thought they looked amazing.

2 I it on eBay. 3 I hate clothes shopping, and I never things on . 4 I didn 't have the receipt, so I could n't it back.

S \Vell , I bought it from a website that has cheap deals.

b ~ p.155 Vocabulary Bank Shopping.

5 PRONUNCIATION c and ch

a How is c pronounced in these words? Put them in the right row.

account auction city click clothes credit card customer decide nice proceed receipt

<f' key

~ snake

b 30»)) Listen and check. \Vhen is c pronounced /s/?

c 31»)) How is ch usually pronounced? Listen and ~ the two words where ch is pronounced differently. How is it pronounced in these words?

change cheap checkout chemistry ch ic choose

cl Practice saying the words in a and c.

6 SPEAKING

a Complete the ques tions w ith the past participle of the verb.

Have you ever __ (buy) or _ _ (sell) anything on e Bay? V/ hat? Did you pay or get a good price?

2 Have you ever __ (buy) something on line and had a problem with it? \Vhat was it? \Vhat did you do?

3 Have you ever __ (have) an argument with a salesperson? W hat was it about?

4 Have you ever __ (try) (Q exchange something without the receipt? Were you successful ?

5 Have you ever accidentally __ (take) someching from a store without pay ing? \Vhat did you take? \ Vhat happened?

6 Have you ever __ (buy) shoes without trying them on? Did they fit?

7 Have you ever __ (Bet) to the supermarket checkout and then found you didn 't have enough money? \Vhat did you do?

8 Have you ever __ (lose) your credit card? Where did you lose it? Did you get it back?

b Ask other students question 1. Try to fi nd somebody who says Yes, l have. Then ask him o r her the simple past quest ions. Do the same for ques tions 2 - 8.

Online Practice -

I

1

G something, anything, nothing, etc. V adjectives ending -ed and -ing

Did you do anything on the

P 'cI,IouI, and 'Ai

1 LISTENING

a ~32»)) Listen ro a news srory abo ut Steve. How did he spend his weekend?

b Listen again and a nswer the quest ions .

What does Steve do?

2 \Vhat fl oor was his office on?

3 \Vhat happened when he fi rst pressed the elevator button?

4 How did he try ro ge t help?

5 \ Vhere did Sreve's wife think he was?

6 How did Steve get our o f rhe eleva tor on Monday morning? How did he feel?

7 \Vhar is Steve going ro do every day now?

c H ave you (or has anyone you know) ever had a similar experience? \V hat happened?

2 GRAMMAR something, anything, nothing, etc.

a 33»)) Look at th ree sentences from the sror)'. Can YOll remember the missi ng wo rds? Lisren and check.

I pressed the button again. but __ _ happened.

2 The police couldn 't find him ___ '

3 They called the emergency number and ___ came and repaired the elevaror.

b Com plete the rule w ith people, places. o r things.

I Use somethil'B, atly fhill8, and lI olh i ll8 fo r ___ .

2 Use somebody, al/ybody, and nobody fo r

3 Use somewhere. anywhere. and lIowl/ere fo r _ _ _ .

c ,.. p.132 Grammar Bank 4C. Learn more abo llt somethill8 , ally th i"B. tlothil'8, erc. and prac tice them .

weekend? No, nothing.

3 PRONUNCIATION le!, Iou!, and It·./

egg phone li p

I didn't do anything.

a \Vhat sound do the pink let ter s make? \Vrite a , b, o r c.

I ~ Nobody knows where he goes.

2 ~ Somebody's com ing ro lunch.

3 D I never said anything.

4 0 I've done norhing since S unday.

5 0 Don't tell anybody about the message.

6 =:J T here's nowhere to go except home.

b 35»)) Lis ten and check. Pract ice saying the sentences.

c 36») Listen a nd answer the ques tio ns.

,» What did you buy? ~othing. I didn't buy anything.

4 READING

a Read the art icle o nce. \Vhat is the best summary?

a People who answered the sur vey have boring weekends.

b People who use Facebook have more exciting weekends.

c People sometimes don't tell the t ruth abollt theit weekend.

b Read the art icle aga in . \Vith a pa rtner, choose a. b, or c.

T he survey has shown that 2 5% of people ...

a have ve ry exci ting weekends. b I ie about their weekend. c go out on a Saturday night.

2 30% of the people they illle r viewed ...

a needed to go to work o n the weekend. b had a ve ry tiring week. c didn 'r wa nt to go out on the weekend.

3 Some people don 't tell the truth abou t their weekend because

a their rea l weekend is very boring. b they don't want ro make their friends jea loll s. c they fo rget what they have done.

4 Social networking sires make people . . .

a spend more time on the computer. b try to make their li ves seem more excit ing. c be mo re truthful about their lives.

c Do you think a survey of your friends, family, and schoolmates wo uld have similar results?

WHAT DID YOU 1'~#~."4 DO ON THE WEEKEND? - e next time a friend or co-worker tells you about

r amazing weekend, wait a minute before you ~ feeling jealous - maybe they are inventing it all'

A survey of 5,000 adults has shown that one person In

four invents details about their weekend because they want to impress their friends. When they are asked,

you have a good weekend'" they don't like to say that Just stayed at home and watched TV because it sounds

'flg. So they invent the details. The most common lie that 'VIe told was "I went out on Saturday night," when really

didn't go anywhere. Other common lies were "I had a rTtantic dinner," "I went to a party," and "I went away for eweekend ."

fact, in the survey, 30% of people who answered the esbons said that they spent their weekend sleeping or

ng because they were so tired at the end of the week.

other 30% said that they needed to work or study on , weekend. Psychologist Corinne Sweet says that people en don't tell the truth about their weekend "because we "t want to feel that everyone else is having a better time

an us, if we have had a boring weekend doing housework, _-oerwork, or just resting after a tiring week at work." She also

!eves that networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter ;:ry be encouraging us to invent details about our social lives.

People can create an illusion of who they want to be and the they want to live," says Corinne, "and of course they want

la life to seem exciting."

5 SPEAKING a Look at the questions in b. Plan your answers. Answer

them truthfully, but in vent one answer to make your weekend sound more exciting.

b 1 nterview each other with the questions. Try to guess which answer your partner invented.

LAST WEEKEND Friday

• Did you go anywhere exciting on Friday night?

Saturday

Did you do anything around the house (cteaning, etc.) on Saturday morning? Did you work or study at all? What did you do on Saturday night?

Sunday Did you go anywhere nice on Sunday? What did you have for lunch? Did you do anything relaxing in the afternoon?

6 VOCABULARY adjectives ending -ed and -ing

a Look at these two adjectives in the text: tired in line 13 and tirin8 in line 19. Which one describes how you feel? Which one describes things and situat ions?

b 37») <.Ci rcI9 the right adjective in questions 1- 10. Listen and check . How do you say the adjectives?

I Do you think Sundays are usually bored I boring? 2 A re you bored I boring with your job or studies?

3 Whar kind of weather makes you feel depressed I depressing?

4 Why do you rhink rhe news is often depressed I depressing?

5 \Vhat activiry do you find most relaxed I relaxing? 6 Do you usually feel relaxed I relaxing ar rhe end of the

weekend? Why (not)?

7 Whar is rhe most imerested I interesting book you've read recently?

8 \Vhat sportS are you interested I interestinl] in? 9 Are you excited I exciting about your next vacation?

10 What's the most excited I exciting sporting event you've ever watched?

c Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Give more information if you can.

7 38»)) SONG If You Love Somebody Set Them Free J'

Online Practice

GRAMMAR b Complete with make or do.

Qa,b,orc. \ ___ the dishes

2 a mistake I How long ___ [0 sray in Turkey? 3 an exerCIse

a do you go b are you going c you are going 2 I think ___ rain tonight.

4 _ _ yoga

5 a noise a it's goi ng b it goes to c it's going to

3 They to get married until next year. c Complete the missing words.

a aren't going b don'tgo c nor going I Dinner's ready. Could YOll please s ___ the table?

I 4 to the movies after class this evening.

a go b am going c going go 5 A What time tomorrow? B At 8.00.

2 \'11 cook if you do rhe d

3 Where are the changing rooms? I want to tr __ _

o this sweater.

I a you leave b do you leaving c are you leaving

6 He's the man lives next doorto Alice. a who b that c where

7 Is that the srore sells Iralian food:.>

a who b that c where

4 If you wane (0 take something back (0 a store, you neec to have the r __ _

5 These shoes don '( f me. They're (00 small.

6 The flight to Miami is now leaving frol11 g 12. 7 If you have a lot of lug gage, you can find a c ___ ove'

8 A ___ your bed? B No, I'm going ro do it now.

a Have you Illade b Have you make c Has you made

9 A HasAnnearrived ? B No, bur she's on her way.

there. 8 First, you need re go re the ch ___ ,i ___ desk

where YOll get your boarding pass.

9 International fliglus depart from T 2.

10 There are e to the second and rh ird floors.

d C§~ rhe right adjeceive. a yet b almost c already

10 already seen this movie! Let's change channels.

a We're b \Ve haven't c We've

I This exercise is really bored I barilla_ 2 I never feel relaxed, relaxill£j the day before I go on

vacation. \\ A ___ been to Africa? B No, never. 3 It was a very excited I exciti1l£j game.

a Have you ever b Did you ever c \Vere you ever 4 Jack is depressed I depressitl£j. He lose his job. 12 A \Vhen rhose shoes? B Last week. 5 Are you illterested I j1lterestj1l£J in art?

a do you buy b have you boughr c did YOll buy 13 I've never ___ rhis coat.lr's too small.

a wear b worn c wore

14 There's ___ at the door. Can you go and open it, please?

PRONUNCIATION

a Q the word with a different sound.

a something b someone c somewhere

15 I don't wanr ___ to eat, thanks. I'm nOt hungry. rn just Monday sOlnerhing socks

a nothing b anything c something 2 ~ nowhere clothes worry go

VOCABULARY 3 ~ search chemistry cheap choose

a Complete with a preposition.

We arrived ___ San Diego at 7: 15.

2 I'm coming! Wait ___ me.

3 \Vhat did you ask ___ , meat or fish?

4 A Are you going to buy the apartment?

4 ~ cusremer center city nice

5 :~ jacket change en joy ) er

b Underline the seressed syllable.

B I don't know. It depends ___ the price. a rri vals 3 teen ag e r 5 arrange ment

5 How much did YOll pay __ those shoes? 2 0 ppo site 4 de li ve ry

YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

the article. What were thieves stealing in t!den b) Denmark? A nswer the questions below.

_re did the first robbery take place?

were the thieves and what did they stea l?

helped the police to solve rhe cr ime?

long does it take ro get from Malma to

nhagen? \\ ere robberies taking place in both cities?

~he police catch the thieves?

is it easier ro stcal from many srores these days?

i" it not a solution to ask Danish shoe shops to 3'" the left shoe?

i rhe highlighted words or phrases in the text. -heir meaning from the context. Check with

t:acher or with a dictionary.

oe stores discover atching crimes

.. h fictional d ctCClivcs like Wa lla nder and 'lh Sala nder are fa mous worldwide. But reccnliy

!-life Swedish police we re comple tely puzzled by us crime. Somebody was stea ling expensi\'e

()es from shoe stores in Sweden - but not pairs of the left shoes, the o nes that were on d isplay.

)bbery took place in a shopping mall in Malma, rhird-Ia rgest city. Staff at a shoe store saw two men their boutique. They escaped with sevcn left shoes paired with the right shoes - were worth $1,400.

Id, it was sto re's sa lcspeople who pointed the the right direc tion - to Denmark, where stores ally d is play the right shoe in their store windows. 'cd that left shoes were disappearing in the \\c never caught the thieves," sa id a sa lesperson.

"C know that Danish stores display the right Ihoughttha t the matching shoes were probably

aring as well in stores in Den mark." Malma, ho me hoe stores, is only a 30-m inute t ra in ride away lpen hagen, which has several hundred stores, and ands are sold in both cities.

\, police finally anno unced tha t they had arrested responsible fo r the robberies. But Ms. Johansson,

.Jl .. hoe store owner, fea rs that shoe store robberies re-ase this year. "Shoes are a ttractive to steal - they

to move and easy to se ll a nd they have become ve ry -e la te ly. Also many sLo res have cut the number o f

)ple they employ:'

\ Ialmo ha\'e thought of asking Danish shoe stores display the left shoe. But this won't work. All the

..... ill have to do is move to Germany - where they play the right shoe ...

!j CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

2 39 })) On the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

Paul Gurjot Ellie Etise

Paul went to rhe airport

a ro get a plane to London b ro get a plane to Frankfurt c to meN a friend from Frankfurt

2 TonightGurjotis ___ o

a seeing a movie b going to a Chinese restauranr c meeting an old friend

3 ElJie ___ ironing.

a hates b doesn't mind c likes

4 The shoes Elise bought on line ___ 0

a were the wrong size b never arrived c were a beautiful color

5 Last weekend Jusrin ___ o

a went to a pa rty b bought a movie online c relaxed at rhe beach

Justin

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do rhe rasks wirh a partnero Check (.I) rhe box if you can do them.

Can you ... ?

o talk about three plans you have for next month using8oirl[J to, and make three predictions

2 say three arrangements you have for tomorrow using the present continuous

3 0 explain what rhe following three words mean, using expressions for paraphrasing: a a thief b a shopping mall c a shoe

4 0 say three things you have already done or haven't done yer roday

5 0 ask a partner three questions about his/her experiences using ever. Answer your partner's questions

6 0 say rhree sentences using sometllillB, anywhere, and nobody

... Short movies Shopping in the UK VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

- G comparative adjectives and adverbs, as ... as V time expressions: spend t ime, et c. P sentence stress

1 READING & VOCABULARY time expressions

a Read a n arricle about living faster and match the headings to the paragraphs.

1

o No t ime for Snow White o o o

More time on the road No time for Van Gogh o No time to write

o No time to wait No time to stop

, ° °ng faster,

. , .. - .... ~ Il!!ti°vi°ng better?

People in cities around the world walk 10 percent more Quickly than they did twenty years ago. Singapore, a world business center, is at the top of the list for fast walkers.

2

In the US, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for chiLdren. These are shorter versions of traditional stories, especially written for busy parents who need to save time.

3

People aren 't as patient as they were in the past . If the elevator takes more than 15 seconds to arrive, people get very impatient because they think they're wasting time. It's exactly the same when an Internet page does not open immediately.

4

Written communication on the Internet is getting shorter and shorter and using more and more abbreviations, like BRB (be right back) or NP (no problem). Twitter only allows you to use 140 characters, and now a new SOCial networking site has a limit of just ten words.

5

Even in our free time we do things in a hurry. Twenty years ago when peopLe went to art gaLLeries, they spent ten seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend much less time - just three seconds!

6

Our cars are faster, but the traffic is worse, so we drive more sLowly. The average speed of cars in New York City is 9.3 mites per hour. We spend more time than ever sitting in our cars, feeling stressed because we aren't going to arrive on time.

Are we Living faster?

Yes, we need to sLow down,

b Read rhe article again . O ne paragraph contain s a n invented piece of in fo rmation \Vhich one is it?

c Look at the highlighted rime ex pressions and guess their mean ing.

d In pairs. cover t he text a nd look at t he pa rag ra ph headings in a . Can you rememl the info rmation in the text? Have you no ticed any of these things happening wh. you live?

e Look at a quest ionna ire about living fastel In pairs, ask a nd answer rhe questions. A nswer w ith often, somet imes, or l1 ever an( give mo re information.

QUESTIONNAIRE

How fast is your life? Do people tell you that you talk too quickly?

2 Do you get impatient when other people are taLking?

3 Are you the first person to finish at mealtimes?

"" When you are walking along a street. do you feel frustrated when you are behind people who are walking more slowly?

5 Do you get irritable if you sit for an hour without doing anything, e.g., waiting for the doctor?

6 Do you walk out of stores and restaurants if there is a line?

f ~ Communica t ion How fast is your /ife? p. IOI . Read the results. Do you agree?

'UI'<AJ,..MAR comparative adjectives - adverbs, as ... as

. 3.[ the fo llowing words from rhe text, ll:te~ adjeccives, adverbs, o r both?

~ fast busy patient slowly stressed

~the right form . Check (.I ) ifborh - 'lTecr.

eisfascer / morefasl than before. _ "r ... Hk in cities is rI/ore bad / worse than it was.

erybody is bllsyer I vl/sier than they were e~'ea rs ago. e are more stressed I stresseder than OUT

_ :lndpa rents were.

e do everything morc quickly Ifaster. )ple aren't as paticllc as I as patietlt thall they

c::re before.

.,.. p.134 Grammar Bank SA . Learn more about paratives and as ... as and practice them.

PRONUNCIATION sentence stress

,.- ~ sound _ ..,ember! unstressed words like a, as, and than - e the sound !~ , and "er is pronounced i;,r ',

41 ~) Listen and repeat the senrences. Copy the -,hm and try co ge t the /';)/ sound right.

"m busier th an a year ago.

\1\ life is more stressful t han in the past. work harder tha n before.

- ,walk and talk faster. .:: -'m not as relaxed as I was a few years agQ.

Je any of the senrences true for you?

4 SPEAKING

a Think about how your life has changed over the last 3-5 yea rs. Read the questions below and think about your answers .

Do you spend more or less time on these t hings? Say w hy.

working or studying sLeeping getting to work I school cooking sitting in traffic shopping taLking to friends ea t ing meeting f riends using your phone being online using your computer

2 Do you have more or less free time? Why?

3 What don't you have time for nowadays? What would yo u like to have more time for?

b Answer the ques tions with a partner. Whose life has changed more?

5 LISTENING

a You're going ro li sten ro an ex pen talking about how ro li ve your life more slowly. Look ar her five main tips (= good ideas). Guess what the missing words are.

\Vhatever you are doing, JUSt try to ____ and enjoy it.

Exam ple: 2 Makealisrofthreethingsthatare ______ for you.

Exam ple: __________________ _

3 Don't try ro do ______ at the same ti me. Example: __________________ _

4 Sir down and do ___ for half an hour every day. _ Example: _________________ _

5 Benear ___ . Example: __________________ _

b 42») Listen and check. Then listen again and write one exa mple for each tip.

e Are there any rips that you think you might use? \Vhy (not)?

G superlatives (+ ever + present perfect) V describing a town or city P word and sentence stress

What did you think of Rio? It's the most

beautiful city J've ever been to.

1 GRAMMAR superlatives (+ ever + present perfect)

a Look at the photos of fi ve US cities. What do you know about them? Have you been to any of them?

b Read the article. With a partner guess wh ich city from a goes in each blank.

Travel survey gives its verdict on American cities.

New York City is the dirtiest city in the US, says a survey by travel website, Travel and Leisure, but it

is the most stylish city and it has the best musicals. According to the survey, travelers say that.. .

1 has the best museums. 2 ____ is the friendliest city.

3 has the most aggressive drivers.

4 has the best architecture.

5 is the clean est city.

" Travel really can transform your life, and these are a few of the trips that can make it happen," says a Travel and Leisure editor.

c Look at 1-5 in the survey in b . Think abollt your counrry or conrinenr. \Vhich cities would you choose?

d Look ar rhe bold superlative adjec tives in the survey. How do you make the superlative of ... ?

I a one-syllab le adjective 2 a two-syllable adjective rhar ends in -y

3 a three-sy ll able adjec tive 4 Hood and bad

e > p.134 Grammar Bank sB. Learn more about superlatives and practice them.

2 PRONUNCIATION word and sentence stress

a Underline the st ressed syllable in the bold adjectives.

1 \Vhat's the mosr beautiful city you've ever been to? 2 What's the most expensive thing you've ever bought? 3 Who's the most impatient person you know? 4 Who's the most generous person in your family? 5 \Vhat's rhe mOS t frightening movie you've ever seen? 6 \Vhar's the most exciting sport you've ever played? 7 What 's the most inceresting book you've read reccnrly? 8 What 's the most romantic restaurant you've ever been ro?

b 44)) Listen and check. Lisren again and repeat the questions. Copy the rhJthm . \Vhich words are stressed?

c \Vork with a parmer. A answer question 1 with a sentence. B ask for more in formarion. C hange roles for ques tion 2, erc.

The most beautiful city I've ever been to is Rio de Jane;rc::.2 0hen did you go there?

ou;......,ING & SPEAKING

article. In pai rs, answer the ques tio ns.

.ire rhe three rests?

(hink they are good ones?

city do you th ink wi ll be the fr iend] iest I ~ unfriendly?

1 big cities are friendly -

r are they? ci[ie~ often have a

.--" ,~,'utation for being I ,~", ... unfriend ly

to lurists. Journalist went to four " Rome, Paris,

City, to ,his is true. He

!JI:d as a foreign d u .... ed three ..oenrific!) tests \Ch CilY had

""Xt..l,,",'[ and most T he

..... were:

oto test

~= people on the street to take his photo (not e photo, but several - with his hat, without

etc.). Did he find someone to do it?

shopping test

_ .Jght something in a store and gave the erson too much money. Did the person

_ .aek the extra money?

- e accident test

·.tended to fall down on the street, Did anybody • and help him?

> Communication The friendliest city A p,102 3 0.107 C p.llO. Read about what happened in L ndon, Paris, and Ro me.

4 LISTENING

a 45»)) Now listen co Tim Moore talking about what happened in New York C ity. How well does New York C ity do in each test?

b Li sten again and answer the questions.

The photo test I \Vho did he ask?

2 \Vhat did the person say?

3 \Vhat happened when he asked for more photos?

The shopping test 4 \Vhere was the souven ir score?

5 \Vhat did he buy?

6 How many people did he buy souvenirs from?

7 Did he get the right change?

The accident test 8 \Vhere did he use the accident test?

9 Did anyone help him?

10 \Vhat did the man say?

c Think abo ut the nearest big city to where you live. Imagine you used the three tests there. What do you think would happen? Is it a fri endly city?

5 VOCABULARY describing a town or city

a Think about how to answer these questions about where you live. Compare with a partner.

• Do you live in a village, a town, or a city?

• Where is it?

• How big is it?

• What's the populationf ~ . .-:-• What's it like?

b > p,156 Vocabulary Bank Describing a town or city,

6 WRITING

7

> p,1l4 Writing Describing where you live, Write a description of the place where you live.

49»)) SONG Nobody Does It Better n

Online Practice

G quantifiers, too, not enough V health and the body P l,v, lul, lau, and /cl

1 SPEAKING

a Wirh a parrner, answer rhe questions below.

DIET & LIFESTYLE QUESTIONNAIRE

1 Do you drink coffee? How many cups do you drink a day? What kind of coffee? Whal time do you drink your last cup of the day?

2 How much time do you spend a day in the sun ... ? a in the winter

3

4 5

b in the summer c when you're on vacation

00 you always wear sunscreen?

00 you play a lot of video or computer games? What are your favorite games? How much time do you spend a week playing them?

How often do you eat chocolate? What kind of chocolate do you prefer - milk, white, or dark?

How many hours a day do you watch TV ... ? a during the week b on weekends What kinds of TV shows do you watch regularly?

b Do you think any of your habits are unhealthy?

I watch too much TV.

2 READING & LISTENING

a Read rhe article once. Does ir change whar you rhink abour your answers ro rhe quesrionnaire?

bRead rhe article again. Look ar rhe highlighred words related to health and rhe body. March rhem to a picrur, or definirion.

2

3

4 1101111 it covers the outside of a person's body 5 \'erb to stop something from happening 6 /lOUII something that makes you unwell 7 adj feeling worried or nervous

Everything BAD is MI!I] I] for you COFFEE We all know that a cup of coffee helps to wake yo up in the morning, but several studies show that drinking coffee helps to prevent some illnesses like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Experts say that you can safely drink three cups of espresso during the day, but jf you drink too much coffee it can make you feel anxious or keep you awake at night.

SUNLIGHT Spending a long time in the sun is dangerou, and can give you skin cancer. But on the other hand, not spending enough time in the sun is also bad for you because sunlight helps us to produce vitamin D. This vitamin is important for strong bones and a healthy immune system, and it also make' people feel happier. Nowadays, many people don't get enough sunlight because they wear sunscreen all the time, especially on their faces. However, don't spend too long in the sun - 15 minute a day without sunscreen is a healthy amount, and not at midday.

COMPUTER GAMES You probably worry about hov much time you or your children waste playing computer games. But in fact some studies show that these games can help us learr important skills. It seems that computer games stimulate the brain and that people who often play them are probably better

at solving problems and making quick decisions. But don't spend too many hours in front of the computer - not

more than about two hours a day.

I c 50»)) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.

d ~ow cover the text. Can you remember ... ?

what is good abour coffee, sunlight, and compmer ga mes

2 wha t you need to be careful about

e 51 »)) With a partner, decide in what ways you think chocolate and watching T V could be good for you. Listen to a rad io program and check your answers.

r Listen aga in. Answer the questions.

What does chocolate have in common with grape juice?

2 What kind of chocolate is a) good for you b) nO[ good for you?

3 How are TV series different from the ones 20 years ago? Why is this good for us?

4 What can we learn from reality TV shows?

g Do the article and the radio program make you feel happier about your lifestyle?

3 GRAMMAR quantifiers, too, not enough

~ Can you remember how to use much, many, etc? In pairs, choose the correct word or phrase for each sentence. Say why the other one is wrong.

1 How much I many cups of coffee do you drink a day?

2 I don't spend muc" I many time in the sun.

3 I eat a lot of I many chocolate.

4 Drinking a few I a little grape juice can be good for you.

S I only have a few I a little computer games.

6 My parents read a lot I a lot of

b Look at some sentences from the reading and listening. Match the bold phrases in 1 and 2 to meanings A and B.

Don't eat too much chocolate or too many sugary snacks if you don't want ro gain weight.

Don't spend too long in the sun.

2 Nowadays, many people don't get enough sunlight.

We are not active enough.

A less than you need or than is good for you

B more than you need or than is good for you

c Look again at the sentences with enough. W hat's the pos ition of erwugha) with a noun b) w ith an adjective?

d > p.134 Grammar Bank se. Learn more about quanti fiers, too, and not ellol1(jh and practice them.

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING lA!, lul, lall, and le!

a Cross out the word with a different pronunciation.

rn up enough much no ne busy

aEr boot few should too food

&l5 bike try diet li rrle li ke

1 egg ma ny any healthy water

b 54»)) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.

c Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Say why.

Do you think _l...'l ') ( .No.t really. I only read school you read enou~ ~bOOks, not for pleasure.

Do you think you".? • read enough • eat enough fruit and vegetables • play enough sports or exercise enough • drink enough water • have enough free time • eat too much fast food • spend too much time online • spend too much money on things you don't need • work or study too many hours • have too many clothes • do too much housework

get too much homework

Online Practice

The wrong shoes

1 !j ROB HAS A PROBLEM

a 255 ») \Varch 01" listen to Rob and Holly and answer the questions.

I \Vhar reason does Rob give for why he isn't in shape?

2 Vv' hy does he find it difficult to eat less? 3 How does he keep fir in London?

4 W hy doesn't he do the same in New York?

5 How does Jen ny keep fi t?

6 \Vhar does Ho lly thi nk about this?

7 \Vhar does Ho lly sugges t that Rob could do? 8 \Vhat does Rob need to do fi rst?

P American and British English sneakers = American English; trainers ;: British English store;: American English; shop ;: British English

---b 256») Look at the box on making suggestions. Listen

a nd repeat the p hrases.

o Making suggestions with Why don 't you .•• ? A Why don't you get a bike? B That's a good idea, but I'm only here for a mont h.

A Why don't you come and play basketball? B That's a great idea!

c AI Practice ma king suggestions with a partner.

A You have problems remembering English vocabulary. Tell B.

B Make twO suggestions. A Respond. If you don'r rhin k it's a good idea, say why.

d C hange ro les.

B You are a foreigner in A's coumry. You have problems meeting new people.

2 VOCABULARY shopping

Do the quiz w ith a partner.

SHOPPING QUIZ 1 What four letters do you often see in clothes that tell

you the size? 2 What do the letters mean? 3 What's the name of the room where you can try on

clothes? 4 What's the name of the piece of paper a salesperson

gives you when you buy something? 5 How do you say these prices?

£25.99 75p $45 15C €12.50

3 !E~ TAKING SOMETHING BACK TO A STORE

a ~S7 )) Cover rhe dia logue and warch or li sren. Answer the quest ions.

What 's rhe problem with Rob's sneakers?

2 W hat does he do in the end?

.. [ch or listen again. Complete the Yo u H ear phrases.

») Vou Hear Vou Say V

Can I help you, sir? Yes. Do you have these in an eight?

Just a ___ , I'll go and check.

-Iere you are, these are an eight. No, thanks. I'm sure they'll be

Jo~YI"0,,:u~w,:a~n~t~t~o-===~t~h~e~m~o~n?~~fi~n,::e. How much are:...t:...h..::e,-Y?_. __ _

They're $83.94. Oh, it says $72.99. ----

Yes, but there's an added Oh, OK. Do you take MasterCard? sales tax of %.

Sure.

Can I help you? Yes, I bought these about half an hour ago.

Po remember. Is there a ? Yes, I'm afraid they're too small.

What are they? They're an eight. But I take a UK eight.

'1ght. Yes, a UK eight is a US nine. Do you have a pair?

I'll go and check. Just a minute.

___ , but we don't have these a nine. But we do have these and , 're the ___ price. Or you can

have a refund.

No problem. Do you have the ?

Brilliant.

A pair

Uh ... I'U take this pair then, please.

Yes, here you are.

,

:le often use a pair to talk about plural clothes, e.g., a pair of shoes, sneakers, boots,jeans, pants, etc.

----258 1)) Watch or li sten and repeat the You Say phrases. ~py the~thrn .

"'ractice the dialogue with a partner.

_ In pairs, role-play the dialogue.

-\. You're a cUStomer. You boughr some jeans yesterday. They're roo big.

B You're a salesperson. You don't have the same jea ns in A's size. Offer A a different pa ir or a refund. You begin wi th Catl l help YOIl , sir I ma'am?

Cha nge roles.

B You're a customer. You boughr some boots yesterday. They're too small.

A You're a salesperson. YOLl don't have the same boors in B's size. Offer B a d iffe rent pai r or a refund . You begin with Cat!! help you , sir I ma'am?

4 !E~ ROB DECIDES TO EXERCISE

a ~59 »)) \Vatch or listen and ~i~the r ight answer.

I Rob went to Bost011 f Brooklyt!.

2 He SIIOWS ! doestl 't sholll Jen ny his new sneakers.

3 Jen ny goes runn ing every tllOntitlBI e\'elli IlB in Central Park.

4 She wants to go running wirh him at 6:45 /7:45.

5 Rob thinks ir's too early I late.

6 They agree to meet at 6:45 ! 7: 15.

7 Holly thinks Rob has I doesn't have a lor of energy.

b Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missi ng words?

Social English phrases

Rob Have you a good day? Jenny Oh, you . Meetings! Jenny Why ___ you come with me? Rob Can we it a bit later? Rob , seven forty-five? Jenny make it seven fifteen.

c g,60») Watch or listen and complete the phrases.

d Watch or listen again and repea t t he phrases. How do YOll say them in YOllr language?

• Can you ... ?

D make suggestions to do something

C take something you have bought back to the store

D arrange a t ime t o meet somebody

On line Practice

G will / won't (predictions) V opposite verbs P '11, won't

1 VOCABULARY opposite verbs

a With a parrner, write the opposites of rhese verbs.

win __ _ buy __ _ remember __ _ turn on start /

b >- p.157 Vocabulary Bank Opposite verbs.

2 GRAMMAR will ! won't (predictions)

a Look at the carroon. Wh ich fish is an optimist? Why? Are you an opt im ist or a pessimist?

t " "t Op .!m!S _

b Look at the ph rase book app. Read the You Say phrases. Then w rite the A Pessimist Says responses.

He won't pay you back. They'll be late. You won't pass. ft!H-faift: They'll lose. You won't understand a word. You won't find a parking space. You'll break your leg.

c 3 )) Listen and check. Repeat the responses.

d Practice in pairs. A (book open) read the You Say phrases. B (book dosed) say the A Pessimist Says responses. Then change roles.

e Look at the A Pessimist Says phrases aga in. Do they refer to the present or the future?

f ,... p.136 Grammar Bank 6A. Learn more about will I wo n't and practice them.

g Imagine now that you are an optimist. With a parrner make affirmative predictions to respond to the You Say sentences in the phrase book.

1 It 'll be a great evenin~

I'm taking my driving test

today. You'll fail.

3 PRONUNCIATION '11, won't

a 5 )) Listen and repeat the contract ions. Copy the

b

c

rhy.thm.

I'll I'll be late I'll be late for work.

You'll You'll break You'll break your leg.

She'll She'll miss She'll miss the train.

It'll It'll rain It'll rain tomorrow.

They'll They'll f ail They'll fail the exam.

6 )) Listen. Can you hear the difference?

' m' .... . -( .. clock want I want ro pass.

~ phone won't I won't pass.

7 ))) Listen and w ri te six sentences.

1 We're having Ihe party In the yard.

2 I'm taking my driving test this afternoon.

3 I'm taking my first skiing lesson today.

4 I've lent James some money.

5 I'm gOing to see a movie tonight in EngliSh.

= It'll@in

=

=

=

= 6 Our team is playing in the

championship game tonight. = 7 We're meeting Anna

and Daniel at 7:00.

8 We're going to drive to

=

the city tonight = ... ::: The Pessimist s Phrase Book CD

READING

ead an a rticle about rhe actor Hugh Laurie. hat [WO things do Hugh Laurie and Dr. House

3.\'e in common?

. ... ~ ' ..:_lamous for being a But it is not only House who is a pessimist.

laurie, the actor who him, is 0 pessimist, too.

never thought that House, M.D. was going 10 be a .ccess. Even cher seven seasons, he still feels pessimistic ataout it. He said in 0 recent interview, Nlf we do a bad .... next week, they'll soy, 'Thot's it. No more.' It'll just *'P. I om, of course, someone who is constantly expecting

:Wane to drop on my head. if not today then tomorrow."

c.e Dr. House, Laurie is olso a talented musician and :)Qssionate about the blues. He recently went to New

.... eans to record an album in which he plays 15 of his ..ori le songs. But of course, he doesn't think that people

ike it.

en he was asked on 0 TV show why he was so :es.simistic about li fe, l aurie sa id it was because he is :.catfish . "I definitely think that's where it comes from. "

:.e:ouse of his reputation as a pessimist, people always c . to him about positive thinking . He says that complete ""Ongers come up to him on the street and soy, "Cheer

_c it'll never happenl"

Read [he a rticle again . M a rk the sentences T (true) .r F (fa lse). Say why.

• Hugh Laurie always thinks the worst will happen.

""' He thinks they will make many mo re seasons of House, M.D.

3 He doesn't th ink h is album will be successful.

4 He thinks that Scon ish peo ple are optimisti c.

People often try to make him feel happier.

Have you seen any episodes of House, M. D.? Do yo u like . .. ? a the character b the acto r

5 LISTENING & SPEAKING

a 8 1)) Listen to the introduct io n to a rad io program . \Vhy is posit ive thinking good for you?

b Try to guess the miss ing wo rds in these callers' t ips.

Caller I Live in the _ ___ • not in the ___ _

Caller 2 T hink thoughts, not negative o nes.

Caller 3 Don't spend a lOt of ti me reading the __

or watch ing the o n TV.

Caller 4 Every week make a list of all the ___ _

____ rhat happened to you.

Caller 5 Try to use ____ when you

speak to other people.

c 9 )) Listen and check.

d Listen agai n. Write down a ny extra info rmat ion you hear. W hich t ips do you think are useful ? D o you have any tips o f your own?

e Ask and answer w ith a parm e r. Use a phrase from rhe box and say why. W h ich o f you is more oprimi stic?

ARE YOU A POSITIVE THINKER? Do you think ... + you'll have a nice weekend?

+ you'll pass your next ~~~'--English exam?

+ you'lI get a good (or , better) job in the future?

+ you'll get an interesting email or message from someone tonight?

+ you'll meet some new friends on your next vacation?

+ you'll live t o be lOO?

+ you'll get to the end of this book?

P Responding to predict ions I hope so. / I hope not. I t hink so. / I don't t hink so. I doubt it . Maybe. / Perhaps. Probably (not). Definitely (not).

Do you think you'~_ ..... " ') ( I.~~pe 50. 1 think the weather have a nice week~ ~e good and ...

Online Practice

G will I won't (decisions, offers, promises) V verb + back P word stress: two-syllable verbs

1 GRAMMAR will / won't (decisions, offers, promises)

a Look ar the ca rtoons. \Vhar do you rhink the missi ng phrases are?

b 310 1») Li sten and fi ll in the blanks.

cLoak ar the cartoons aga in. In which one does somebody . .. ?

D promise to do somerhing

D decide ro have something

D offer ro do somerh ing

d >- p.136 Grammar Bank 6B. Learn more abour making o ffers, promises, and decisions and pracrice rhem.

e >- Communication /'/1 game p.102. Play the ga me.

2 PRONUNCIATION word stress: two-syllable verbs

P Stress in two-syllable verbs Remember that most two-syllable verbs are stressed on the second syllable.

a Look at the two -syllable verbs below. Which syllab le are they stressed on? Put them in rhe right column .

algree alrrive borr low comlplain delcide deipend forlget halppen imlpress inlvent inlvite 0 fter prac!tice pre!fer pro!mise re~ceive relpair sunlbathe

1st syllable 2nd syllable

b 3 12») Listen and check.

It's a secret.

OK, I won't tell

1 A That's two burgers, an extra-large order of French fries, and two ice cream sundaes. Anything else?

B Yes, , please.

2 A Do I want to go back to the previous version? Do I press Yes or No?

B I need to do my homework now. _____ _ when I finish.

3 A ______ ! I promise!

B Well, hurry up. I can't wait much tonger.

A Just one more kiss ...

3 SPEAKING & LISTENING ;a Look arthe sentences. Talk to a partner.

I won't tell anyone.

When do you think people say them?

.:! \Vhar do you think they all have in common?

11 pay you back.

I'll come back I'll text

you when I

I'll do it later .

~ and finish the job / '\ tomorrow.

get there. We'll build new

This won't -....... hurt. .t=."--

schools and hospitals.

Look at the rirle of a newspaper anicle. D o you think it 's another promise that people often break?

I'll never forget you

Steve Smith from Devon in the UK met Carmen Ruiz-Perez from Spain 17 years ago when they were bmh in the ir 205. Carmen ,vas studying English at a language school in Stcve's town,"'<forbay.

ey fell in love and got engaged. But a year latcr, Carmen moved to clnce for work, and the long-distance relationship first cooled and n ended.

ew years later Steve tried to get in touch with Carmen again, 8. t she had changed her address in Paris. So he sent her a letter to .~

mother's address in Spain. In the letter, he asked her if she was ~

drried and ifshe ever thought of him. He gave her his telephone '11

mbe r and asked her to get in touch. But Carmen's mother ~ n'{ send the letter to her daughter and it fell down behind the N

! ~~pJace, where it stayed for ten years... ':;:

Read the article and answer the questions.

\Vharwere Car men and Steve doing in Steve's town?

\Vhy didn't they get married?

\\' hy didn't Steve's lerrer get to Ca rmen?

3 13 ») Now listen to part of a news program and answer 'he questions.

hat happened ... ?

when the workers found the lerrer

when Ca rmen got the lerrer

when Ca rmen ca lled Sreve

4 when they mer a few days later

5 last week

4 VOCABULARY verb + back

a Look at the sentences. What 's the difference between BD and BO back?

I'm going to work. I'm going back to work.

b CompiNe the dialogues with a phrase from the list.

call you back come back give it back pay me back send it back take it back

1 A The shirt you bought me is too small. B Don't worry. I'll to the store

and exchange it. I still have the receipt.

2 A Hi, Jack. It's me, Karen. B I can't talk now, I'm driving -I'll

in 15 minutes.

3 A Could Isee the manager? B She's at lunch now, Could you

in about half an hour?

4 A That's my pen you're using! B No, it's not. It's mine,

S A Can you lend me 50 dollars, Nick? B It depends. When can you ?

6 A I bought this jacket on the Internet. but it 's too big.

B Can't you ?

c 3 14 ») Listen and check. In pairs, practice the dialogues.

d Ask and answer in groups. Ask fo r more information.

\Vhen someone leaves you a message on your phone, do you usually call them back im mediately?

2 If you buy something online that is nor exactly what you wanted, do you always send ir back?

3 Have you ever lent somebody money and he or she didn't pay you back?

4 When you come back after a vacation, do you usually feel berrer or worse than before?

5 When you borrow a book or a DVD from a friend, do you usually remember to give it back? \Vhat about if you lend something to your friends?

6 If you buy something to wear fro111 a store and then decide YOll don't like it, do you usually take it back?

5 IS })) SONG Reach Out I'll Be There tJ

Online Practice

G review of verb forms: present, past, and future V adjectives + prepositions

1 dreamed about a

p the letters ow

1 READING & LISTENING

a Do you often remember your dreams? Do you think dreams can tell us anything about the future?

b 16 ))) Listen to a psychoanalyst ta lking to a patient about his dreams. Number the pictures 1- 5 in the correct order.

c Listen again and fill in the blanks with a verb in the correct form

Dr. Alien So, teU me, what did you dream about? Patient I was at a party. There were a lot of people. Dr. What were they 1 ? P They were talking and 2 __ _

Dr. And then what happened? P Then, suddenly I was in a garden. There 3 a lot of flowers .. Or. Flowers, yes, yes ... what kind of flowers? P 14 really see - it was dark. And I could hear music -

somebody was the violin. Dr. The violin? Go on. P And then 16 an owl, a big owl in a tree ... Dr. How did you 7 ? Were you frightened of it?

P No, not frightened reaUy, no, but I 8 I felt very cold. Especially my feet - they were freezing. And then 19 __ _

Dr. Your feet? Mmm, very interesting, very interesting indeed. Were you 10 any shoes?

P No, no I wasn't. Dr. TeU me, have you ever 11 this dream before? P No, never. So what does it 12 , Doctor?

d What do you think the patient'S dream means? Match four of tht" things in his dream with interpretations 1- 4.

llldprstanding 1I0U dreams You dream ...

that you are at a party.

about flowers.

that somebody is playing the violin.

about an owl.

me n you are going to be very busy.

2 you're feeling positive about the future.

3 you want some romance in your life.

4 you need to ask an older person for help.

e 17))) Li sten to Or. Alien interpreting the patient'S dream. C heck your answers to d.

f 18 )) Or. Alien is now going to explain what picture 5 means. \Vhat do you think the meaning could be? Listen and find out.

GRAMMAR review of verb forms

L()()k a t the sentences below. Which one is the present ""IIf'rfecr? M ark it PP. Then look at the ocher sentences.

' hat time do they refer to? M ark them P (the past), P R (the present), o r F ( the future).

...--, I was dr inking coffee.

Maybe you'll have a meeting wi th your boss. --, ---I I saw an owl.

..... You are feel ing positive.

:;: You're going to meet a lot of people.

You work in an office. -= I'm meeting her ronight.

--' Have you ever had this dream before?

.. p.136 Grammar bank 6e . Review all the verb forms 'U'\'e studied in Files 1- 6 and prac tice them .

- SPEAKING

~ Communication Dreams A p.l03 B p.lOB. \Ie ·play inrerpreting your parmer's drea m.

merviewa partner with the questionnaire. .... Iu>ose two questions from each g roup.

.;. . fo r more information.

-E .'IEW QUESTIONNAIRE

Where do you usually buy your clothes?

What do you like doing on the weekend?

Are you watching any TV series right now?

Are you studying for an exam right now?

Where did you go on vacation last year?

Did you do anything exciting last Saturday night?

Where were you at 10 o'clock last night? What were you doing?

Were you sleeping when the alarm clock rang this morning?

Have you ever had the same dream again and again?

Have you ever dreamed about something that then happened?

Are you going to learn a new foreign language next year?

Are you going to do anything exciting next weekend? Do you think it will be sunny tomorrow?

Do you think your country's soccer team will win the next World Cup?

What are you doing tonight?

4 PRONUNCIATION the letters ow

P Pronunication of ow Be careful: ow can be pronounced ,ao.', e.g., flower or -''(lO ,

e.g., window.

a 20 )) Listen and repeat the tWO words and sounds .

~ phone

b Write the words in the list in the right columns.

c

blow borrow brown crowded down how know low now show shower snow throw towel town

21 ')) Listen and check.

d Practice saying the sentences.

Show me the flowers.

The town is very crowded now.

Don't throw snow at the windows. How do you know? Can I borrow a towel for the shower?

5 VOCABULARY adjectives + prepositions

P Adjectives + prepOSitions Some adjectives are usually followed by certain prepositions, e.g., Were you frightened of the owl?lt's useful to learn the prepositions with the adjectives.

a Fill in the blanks with a preposition.

1 Are you afraid _ the dark ?

2 Do you th ink chocolate is good _ you? 3 Is your [Own full _ tourists in the summer?

4 \Vhat is your country famous _ 1 5 At school, what subjects were you bad _ 1

6 Are you good _ dancing?

7 Do you often get angry _ your family? What _ 1

8 Are people in your country very different _ Americans.

9 Are people in your country nice _ [Ourists?

10 Are you interested _ politics?

b Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Say why.

Online Practice

GRAMMAR

@a,b,or c.

J She drives than her brother.

a faster b more fast c more fastly

2 His new boo k isn't as good ___ his last one.

a than b that c as

3 \Vomen spend ___ time cooking rhan in rhe past.

a less b litrle c fewer 4 Friday is ___ day of the week.

a rhe busier b the busiest c the most busy

5 It's the ___ road in the world.

a more dangerous b dangerousesr c most dangerous

6 Ir 's rhe honest country I've ___ been ro.

a never b always c ever

7 My sister drinks ___ coffee.

a roo b too much c tOO many

8 T hese jeans are small. Do you have them one size bigger?

a too b too much c too many 9 You haven't spent ___ on your

homework.

a time enough b enough time c many time

10 They're playing rea lly badly, They __ rhe game.

a want win b won't win c won't to win

11 A My exam is today. B Don'r worry. ___ '

a You'll pass b You pass c You're passing 12 A Ir 's cold in here. B ____ the window.

a I close b I'm closing c I' ll close

13 They met for the first time when they __ in Istanbul.

a were living b are living c was living

14 A Haveyou been rotheUS? B Yes, I ___ to New York last year.

a 've been b went c was going 15 A ___ roday? B No, she's on vaca tion.

a Does she work b Is she working c Will she work

VOCABULARY

a @theright verborphrase.

1 I waste / tose a lot of rime playing games o n my phone.

2 \Ve spend / take a lot of time sirti ng in our cars every day.

3 Can you borrow f iend me 50 dollars?

4 I'm leaving tonight, and I'm cOl1lillO I comillB back on Friday.

5 T his is Ben. He's reaching / teamill{j me to play rhe piano.

b \Vrite the opposite verb.

I buy

2 push

3 remember

4 pass

c \Vrire words for the definitions.

I cr __ (adj) full of people or things

2 s ___ (adD opposite of dal/{JeTollS

3 n __ (adj) opposite of quiet (for a place)

4 s (adj, noun) opposite of nort},

5 reach

5 m ___ (noun) a building where you can see old things

6 p ___ (noun) the place where a king or queen lives

7 m ___ (noun) a religious building for Muslims

8 b ___ (noun) you have 206 of these in your body

9 br (noun) the o rgan we lIse to rhink

10 sk (noun) it covers the olltside of your body

d Complete the sentences with a preposition.

I My husband's always late. He's never ___ time for anything.

2 Are you interested ___ this TV show?

3 \Vhen I was a child, I was afraid ___ dogs.

4 I'd really like to be good __ dancing.

5 Eating too many cookies is bad ___ )'ou.

PRONUNCIATION

a @ theword with a different sound .

I ~ toO lose polluted much

21 eat mall)' hea lthy lend

3 :m lot won't box doctor

4 $ sho\\ er no\ .... sno\\ towel

5 ~ receive castle mosque active

b Underline the stressed syllable.

1 irn pa tient 2 in teres ring 3 in vem 4 prac tice 5 de cide

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

ead the text once. Does the journalist think music "J.,J,de him run faster?

ead the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F false).

The psychologist says that all kinds of music can help us exercise hencr.

He says that exercise is more fun with music. \len and women prefer different music when they exercise.

- \lusic helped Haile Gebreselassie break a record.

\Iost top ath letes use music when they run.

\ lusic can help amateu r runners to run faster.

- The journalist chose his music for the marathon.

0\11 the songs helped him fun faster.

,k at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. .... ess their meaning fro III the contexc. Check with

r teacher or with a dictionary.

-~ music really make you run faster? ...... ..as Karageorghis, a sports psychologist. calls music

's legal drug: He says that exercising with music can athletic performance by 15 percent. The music must

'efully chosen so that the tempo or Mbeat~ is synchronized exercise you are doing. According to Professor

rghis, music also makes you feel less pain and makes an ....se session less boring and more enjoyable.

~-.a -n , Fitness First, recognizes the importance of music outs and plays music in all its clubs. The most popular

~or male gym members is Survivor's Eye of the Tiger. while .... ove Abba's Dancing Queen.

_ rarks well with weightlifting, and other repetitive _ but it can also help with running. The best example :s Haile Gebreselassie, perhaps the world 's greatest

runner. who used the techno-pop song Scatman as a _ me when he broke the world 2,000 meter record . But

c ~as so important to Gebreselassie. why do other top never race with headphones?

}i!'O'ghis says MResearch has shown that for most top :~ music is less effective. Elite athletes focus more on :_ es, and less on outside stimuli like music.~ So although can help amateur runners run faster and further. most

.- t es prefer silence.

.=-ed to try running with music myself. I was going to run a Tathon, and a sports doctor gave me the perfect playlist

_ for running. When I did the race, I found that some of "iCc:s.li ke Van Kleet's Walking on Me, made running easier.

""! """Iade me want to throwaway the mp3 player. When I oIP:. the line, I had beaten my previous personal best by one

nut was it because of the music? To be honest, I felt it bly because of the extra training.

_ 'I The Times

.<4 CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

VIDEO

lan

3 22»)) O n t he street \Vatcb or listen ro five people and answer rhe quesrions.

Welts Jeanna Joanna Anya

Three years ago lan ___ .

a rerired b had more free ti me c was working part time

2 \Vhen Wells talks about why he loves Paris. he doesn't memion ___ .

a the scenery b rhe culture c the buildings 3 Jeanna ___ junk food .

a ea cs roo much b doesn't eat any c catS a little 4 Joanna says her friends ___ .

a are mostly pessimists b chink she is a pessimist c rhink she is an oprimisc

5 Anya often has bad dreams ___ .

a when she's having problems at work b after she's had a big meal c when she's having problems w ith her partner

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do rhe rasks wirh a partner. Check (.I) the box if you can do them.

Can you ... ?

o compare two members of your family lIsing adjecrives and adverbs

2 D talk about your town using four superlatives (the biBBest, the best, ere.)

3 0 talk about your diec using (flot) etlOu8" and too much I too /fIallY

4 0 make three predictions about the future using lViII / won 't

5 0 make a promise, an offer. and a decis ion llsing will / won't

.t4 Short movies Chicago VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

G uses of the infinitive V verbs + infinitive: try to, forget to, etc. P weak form of to, linking

1 READING & LISTENING

a Look at the pos ter of a well-known movie. Do you know what ic's about? Have you seen it?

He finally met the girl of his dreams. Too bad her dad's a nightmare.

b W ith a partner , think of two pieces of advice fo r somebody who is going to meet his o r her pa rtner 's parents for the first time.

c Now read an article adapted from the website wik iHow. Is your advice t here?

d Read the a rticle again and fi ll in the blanks with the verbs in the list .

to answer not to be ffi-OO (x 2) to have to know to make to say to show not t o t alk

e 23 ))) Listen to Nico meeting hi s girl friend's pa rents for the fi rst time. Does the meet ing start we ll o r badly? How does it end?

f Listen aga in and answer the questions.

I What does he do wrong? 2 What does he do righr?

g Do you think the advice in the article would be good for people in your country? W hy (not)? Do you think the advice would be t he same fo r a girl meeting her boyfr iend 's parents fo r the first t ime?

What do I need to do?

It's important not to be late.

How to ... Su rv ive Meeting Your GirLfriend's Parents for the First Time It's stressfuL, but these t op t ips can heLp you t o get it right.

o You need to dQ some "homework" before you go. Ask you r girlfriend about her parents, Where does her mother work? Does her father like basketball? Do you have any common interests? If you do this, it will be easy a conversation with them, e Make sure you dress the right impression. Don't wear a suit, but don't just wear your old jeans and the Che Guevara T-shirt you bought at the flea market. o Be punctual. It's very important Late for a first meeting. o When they greet you at t he door shake the father's hand firmLy (no father likes a weak handshake!). Ask your girlfriend what kind of greeting her mom will prefer. o Call her parents Mr. and Mrs . (Smith) untiL they ask you to call them " Dave~ and "Maria."

et Be ready questions about yourself! Her parents wiLL want everything about you and your ambitions. Make a good impression!

8 If you are inv ited for a meal, eat everything t hey give you and say something posi t ive about the meaL, like "This is absoLutely delicious!" Offer -:-___ the dishes aft er the meal ( them that you are helpfuL).

., Be you rself. and don't be a "yes" man. If they ask you for your opinion, be honest. However, try about cont roversial subjects - t his Isn't the moment to give your views on religion and politics!

8 If the conversation is dying and you can't think of what • ask them what your partner was li ke as a child. This is a smart tactic! ALL parents Love talking about their children. and it shows you have a deep interest in their daughter.

Adapted from wikiHow

GRAMMAR uses of the infinitive

\latch sentences a- d from the article with rules 1- 4.

3. ~ If you do rh is, it will be easy to have a conversation with t hem.

== Offer to do the dishes after the meal (to show them that you are helpful).

C --..J If rhe conve rsa tion is dying and you can't th ink of what to say, ask them what your partner was like as a child. = You need to do some "homework " before you go.

Lse t he infinit ive ... afte r some ve rbs, e.g. , need, want, CK,

... after adjectives

[0 give a reason fo r doi ng something

- .frcr a quest ion word, e.g., who, what, how

_ K>k at the o ther in fi niti "es you used to

)mplete the a rticle. Which rules a re they?

,.. p.138 Grammar Bank 7A. Learn more ) U[ uses of the in fi nitive and prac tice them.

VOCABULARY verbs + infinitive

ithout looking back at the artic le, t ry to ~member the miss ing verbs.

You to do some homewo rk before D U go.

Her parents will [0 know c"erything about you and your ambitions. _ ___ [0 do the dishes after the meal.

- However, not to talk about controversial subjects ...

> p.I S8 Vocabulary Bank Verb forms. part I (Verbs + infinir ive).

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING weak form of to, linking

a 26 »)) Listen to two sentences. Is to stressed? How is it pro no unced?

I wa nt to come.

He decided to leave.

P Linking words with the same consonant sound When a word ends in a consonant sound and t he next word begins with the same or a very similar sound, we often link the words toget her and only make t he consonant sound once. This happens when a verb ends in ·t , or Id/ before to, so want to is pronounced /'wonl;).. and decided to is pronounced ldl'sald;,to./.

b 27 »)) Listen and wr ite s ix sentences. Then p ractice say ing them.

c Wo rk in pairs . A ask B the first six ques tio ns. B give as much informatio n as you can. C hange roles for the last six quest io ns .

Have you ever offered to look after somebody's dog (or other pet)? Do you think it is difficult to stay friends with an ex-boyfriend/girlfriend?

Have you ever tried to learn something new and failed?

Do you think it is important to learn to cook at school?

How long do you usually spend deciding what to wear in the morning?

• Do you know how to change a tire on a car?

• Do you think it's possible to learn a foreign language studying on your own at home?

Are you planning to go anywhere next weekend?

Would you like to work or study in another country?

Have you ever pretended to be sick (when you weren't)?

Have you ever forgotten to turn off your ceH phone during a class or concert?

What do you think is the most interesting thing to do for a visit or to your town?

d > Communication How to .. . A p.103 B p.107. Read and retell two more HoUl to .. . articles.

5 WRITING

W it h a pa rt ner, w ri te a "H ow to .. ." a rticle. C hoose o ne of the t itles below and try to th ink of at leas t four t ips.

H owto ...

make a good impress ion on your firs t day in your English class .

• make a good impress ion at a job interview.

Online Practice

G uses of the gerund (verb + -ing) V verbs + ge rund p t he letter ;

1 GRAMMAR uses of the gerund a Talk to a par t ner. Is there a book, a movie. or

a song tha t makes you feel happy whenever you read, watch, or listen ro it? \Vhat is it? W hy does it make you feel happy?

b Read a magazi ne article where diffe rent people on the magazine's staff say what happiness is for t hem. \Vho do you think said what? Match the people to the paragraphs.

Tasha, fashion editor

Kate, movie editor

Regina, health editor

Marco, food editor

Sebastian , music editor

Andrew, travel editor

c Read t he art icle aga in. Is there anybody you rea lly agree/don't agree wi th? Compare with a partner.

d Look at the highlighted ph rases in the fi rst pa ragraph. Fi nd a n exa mple of a ger und (verb + -;118):

I after another verb ___ _

2 after a preposition ___ _

3 used as a noun

e >- p.138 Grammar Bank 7B. Learn more about the uses of the gerund and practice them.

f Write your own continuation for Happ iness is ...

g Work in groups affour. Read the o ther students' texts. Do YO ll agree w ith their ideas of happiness?

What's your idea of happiness?

IJJJ' ... making soup. I love using leftovers in the fridge. There's something magical about making something deJicious out of nothing .

2 . . . sitting on the sofa on a winter evening with a box of chocolates, watching a feel-good movie, preferably one that makes me cry .

. .. Iistening to Don 't Stop Me Now by Queen. As soon as I hear it, I immediately feel like getting up and dancing.

@] ... getting on the scale- and seeing that I've lost a pound even though I had a big meal the day before.

rn ... seeing my suitcase come out first at baggage-claim at the airport.

rn ... finding a real bargain on sale. I'm still wearing a Prada jacket that I bought incredibly cheaply at a sale ten years ago.

Making soup.

VOCABULARY & SPEAKING verbs + gerund

~ p.ISB Vocabulary Bank Verb forms. Do parr 2 (Verbs + gerund).

C hoose five things to talk about from the ist below.

Something ... • you don't mind doing around the house • you like doing with your family • you love doing in the summer • you don't feel like doing on weekends • you spend too much time doing • you dream of doing • you hate doing at work / school • you don't like doing alone • you are thinking of doing this weekend • you think you are very good (or very bad)

at doing

'ork in pairs. A te ll B about the five things. ay why. B ask for more information. Then

... hange roles.

- PRONUNCIATION the letter i

,J[ the one-syllable words below into the -,;hr column .

- nd give high kind like milk ..., nd miss night right sit sk in • ., n time which win with

~ iish bike

330)) Lis,en and check. Then look a, 'he Irds in each column. \Vhar rules can you

-.ce for the prol1u nciatio n of. ..

i + consonanr + e (but which word is an exception?)

itld a nd i81'

i between other consonants

331») Listen and check. Practice say ing sentences.

miss spending ti me with my sister.

le dri n king a glass of mi Ik at night.

4 SPEAKING & LISTENING

a Ask and answer w ith a partner.

1 \Vhen you are happy do you sometimes feel like singi ng? 2 Doyou ever sing ... ?

in rhe shower • karaoke

• in the ca r • in a choi r o r band

• while you're li stening to music, e.g., on an iPod

3 Is there a particu lar si nger whose songs you like singing? Do you have a favorire song?

b In pairs, say if you think senrences 1-7 aee T (t rue) or F (fa lse).

1 Si ngi I1g is good for your health.

2 If you want to sing well, you need to learn to breathecorrecrly.

3 People who sing are usually heavier than people who don't. 4 Nor everybody can learn ro sing.

S You need to know how to read music ( 0 be ab le to si ng wel l. 6 If)'ou make a surprised face,you can sing high nOres ben er.

7 It takes years to learn re sing berter.

c 3 32 ))) Now listen to an interview with the direcror of a singing school and a student who took a class there . \Vere you righ t?

d Listen again. C hoose the right answer.

When you are learning ro sing, you need to __ correedy. a srand b dress c eat

2 Si nging well is 9S% __ .

a repeating b li srening e brea thing 3 Molly's class lasted _ _ .

a one day b one week cone 1110mh 4 Molly has always __ .

a been good at singing b been in a choir c liked si nging 5 At first , the students lea rned to __ .

a breathe and sing b listen and breathe c listen and sing 6 Ar rhe end ofrhe day, rhey could si ng __ .

a perfecrly b much ben er c a linle ben er

e \Vould you like to learn to sing (better)? A re t here any tips from rhe listening rh at you could use?

5 33 )) SONG Don't Stop f\1e Now ~

G have to, don't have to, must, must not, can't V modifiers: a little (bit), really, etc. P sentence stress

1 GRAMMAR have to, don't have to, must, must not, can't

a Match the sign s to the rules.

o You have to pay before the end of the month.

2 0 You don't have to pay to see this.

3 0 You must not ea t here.

4 0 You must tu rn off your cell phone before you come in.

S 0 You can't ta lk here.

o ®

b Look at the highlighted expressions and answer the questions .

m Tonight's movie

Titanic Admission f ree

DJ ,. SILENCE Exam In progress

Nofuod to be taken into

"" lilmuy

Which two phrases mea n ... ? It is a ru le. There's an obligation to do this. You have to

2 Which phrase means .. . ?

It isn't obligatory or it isn't necessary.

3 Which two phrases mean ... ?

It isn't permitted. Ir is aga inst the rules.

c )loo p.138 Grammar Bank 7C. Learn more about have to, don't have to, must, must not, and can't and practice them.

d With a partner, complete four sentences about the school where you are learning English.

We have to ... We must...

We don't have to ... We must not... We can't...

e Compare your r ules with another pair. W hich rule do you think is the mOst important?

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress a 36 »)) Listen and write the five sentences.

You don't have to take

b Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the .rhx.thm.

3 READING & LISTENING

a Do you think people from your coumry a re good at learning languages? \Vhy (not)? A re American people good at learning your language?

b Read about Max, an American journalist who took an imensive Spanish course. Then cover the article an~ a.nswer the questions.

What reputa tion do Americans have?

2 What experi ment d id Max's newspaper wa nt to do?

3 Why did Max choose to learn Span ish?

4 Where did he take che course? How long was it?

5 What did he find easy and difficu lt about Spanish?

6 W hat were the four tests? What were rhe ru les?

•

c 37 ))) Which test do you think was rhe easiest for Max? Wh ich do you think was t he most difficult? Listen to Max caking the tests in Puerto R ico and check your answers.

d Listen aga in. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct t he false information.

I The waiter did n't understand Max. 2 The bill was six dollars.

3 The drugsrore was on rhe first Street on the right. 4 The driver understood the name of the fo rt.

5 Max made a grammar mistake when he left [he voicemail message.

6 Max's final score was eight.

7 Max says you can learn Spanish in a month.

I will survive (in Spanish) ...

or will I? mericans have a reputation for being bad at learning .anguages. but is it really true? I work for a newspaper :1'lat was doing a series of articles about this . As an ....,ent. they asked me to try and learn a completely

a,guage for one month. Then I had to go to the and take some "tests" to see if I could "survive" in

?"Cnt situations. I decided to study Spanish because - like to visit Puerto Rico and other places in Latin ca in the future. If I go, I don't want to be the typical

-<an who expects everyone else to speak English.

a one-month intensive course in Spanish at a .... ge school in Washington, D.e. I was a complete ...... er. but I soon found that some Spanish words ::ry similar to English ones. For example. holD isn't :. &ferent from "hello" and ingJes is very similar

~-; ish," But other things were more difficult. for :J e the verbs in Spanish change for each person, and

- -eans you have to learn a lot of different endings. - 3gest problem was the pronunciation. I found it :fficult to pronounce some letters in Spanish,

-«.ially r andj. I downloaded sentences in Spanish onto --artphone, and I listened and repeated them again

- again.

er my course ended, I went to San Juan, Puerto Rico • 'lOg weekend to take my tests. A Spanish teacher ed Nilda came with me and gave me a score out of 10 ~ach test and then a fina l score for everything.

«!Se were the tests and the rules:

~ESTS

have to ... order a drink and a sandwich in a cafe, ask how ...,uch it is, and understand the price. ask for directions on the street (and follow them). :ake a taxi to a historical building in San Juan. eave a message on somebody's voicemail.

JLES ou can't use a dictionary or phrase book ou can't speak English at any time

you can't use your hands or mime or write anything down

4 VOCABULARY modifiers

My pronunciation of the fort wasn't very good. I was feeling a little nervous at this point.

a Complete the chart with the words in the box.

a little (bit) extremely fairly not ver·y really ver-y

Spanish is very

difficult.

not very

P a little (bit) We only use a little (bit) before negative adjectives and adverbs, •. g., a little (bit) difficult, a little (bit) Slowly.

b Complete the sentences with one of the words or phrases so that it makes a true sentence. Compare with a partner.

1 I'm good at learning languages. 2 I'm motivated to improve my English. 3 English pronunciation is difficult. 4 English grammar is ___ complicared.

5 I'm worried abollt the next English exam.

6 English is important for my work, stud ies.

5 SPEAKING a How well do you think you could do Max's four tests in

English? Why?

I think I could order a drink and a sandwich fairly well~

b Talk to a partner.

HAVE YOU EVER ... spoken to a tourist in English? When? Why?

had to speak in English on the phone? Who to? What about? seen a movie or video clip in English? Which? Did it have subtitles? How much did you understand?

read a book or magazine in English? Which one(s)?

asked for directions in English in a foreign city? Where? What happened? used an app or website to improve your English? Which one?

: • learned another foreign la nguage? How well can you speak it?

.................................................................................................

6 WRITING

>- p.llS Writing A formal email. \Vrite an email asking for information.

Online Practice HI

1 !E~ RUNNING IN CENTRAL PARK

a 3 38») Warch o r li sren ro Rob and Jenny. Arc they enj oying their run?

b Watch or liste n aga in and answer rhe quest ions.

1 How does Rob say he feel s?

2 What does Jenny say about Central Park ?

3 Is Rob happy he ca me to New York?

4 What is Rob tired of doing?

5 What does Jenny invi te h im to do?

6 How many mo re times are they going to

run around the pa rk?

•

At the pharmacy

2 VOCABULARY feeling sick

a Match the phrases and pictures.

What's the matter?

C I have a headache. 'hell!.!l\...

~ I have a cough. bf

o I have the flu. fl u

o I have a tempera:Je

D I have a stomachache

::::J I have a cold.

b 39 ») Listen and check. Cover rhe phrases and pract ice with a par mer.

What's the matte~ 0ave a headache.

3 !E~ GOING TO A PHARMACY a 40») Cover the dialogue and watch o r li stcn.@thecorre

answer.

I Rob thinks he has a cold / the fill.

2 The pharmacist gives Rob ibuprofell / pe"icilli".

3 He has to rake rhe medicine every four hOllrs I eiB/1t hOllrs.

4 They cost $ 16.99/ $6.99.

' "atch or li sten again. Complete the You Hear phrases.

)) You Hear You Say 0 Good morning. Can I help you?

What are your symptoms?

Jo you have a ?

Are you allergic to any drugs?

No . This is .:;..Jpfofen.lt'll make you

feel

every four hours.

_ every four hours. ~ you don't feel better n hours, you should see a doctor.

I'm not feeling very well. I think I have flu.

I have a headache and a cough.

NO, I don't think so.

I'm allergic to penicillin.

How many do I have to take?

Sorry? How often?

OK. thanks. How much is that?

That's $6.99, please. Thank you.

You're _ _ _

:> American and British Eng lish pharmacy = American English (and sometimes

British English) chemist's = British English drugs = medicine in American English drugs = illegal substances in British and

American English

the flu = American English flu = British English

341 ») Watch or listen a nd repeat the You Say phrases . .G.Qpy the r!J}>thm.

_ ~crice the dialogue with a partner.

~ _ In pai rs, role·play the dialogue.

.\ book closed) You don't feel very well. Decide what symptoms you have. Are YOll

allergic to anything?

B book open) You are the pharmacist. You begin with Ca" I I,elp )'ou?

Change roles.

4 !E~ DINNER AT JENNY'S APARTMENT a 42») \\latch or listen to Rob and Jenny. Mark the sentences

T (true) o r F (false).

I Rob broke up with his girlfriend a yea r before he met Jen ny.

2 Jenny hasn't had much time for relationships. 3 Jenny knew that Rob wasn't feeling well in the morning.

4 Rob wantS to go back to his hotel because he's tired.

5 Jenny is going ro call a taxi.

b \Vatch or listen agai n. Say why the F sentences are false.

c 43») Read the information box about have not. Listen and repeat the phrases.

D have got In British English, have got is sometimes used instead of have to talk about possession. I've got a busy day tomorrow. Have you got any children? Yes, I have. I've got a girl and a boy.

No, I haven't. I haven't got any children.

>- See appendix p.165.

d Ask and answer w ith a partner. Use Have YOIl Bot ... ? Yes, J have. , - No, J l!m'etl't. Give more information if you can.

A any pets a bike or mororcycle a yard B any brothers and sisters a car a laprop

Have you got any pets.!.l 0es, I have. I've got two dogs.

e Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?

Social English phrases Rob That was a lovely __ . Jenny I'm you're feeling better. Rob That isn't very __ for you. Rob Thanks again for a __ evening.

Rob I'm rH be fine. Jenny time. Rob I think I ___ get back to the hotel now.

f 45)) \Vatch or listen and complete the phrases.

g Watch or li sten again and repeat the phrases. How do you say them in your language?

Can you ... ?

o describe symptoms when you feel sick

o get medicine at a pharmacy

D talk about possessions with have got

Online Practice

1 READING

G should V get P 101 and lul, sent ence st ress

a Talk CO a parcner.

You should t a lk to her.

If you have a problem rhat you need to talk abollt, .do you ta lk to a fr iend or to a member of your fami ly? \Vh)'?

c Read the problems and advice again . Look the highlighted ve rb phrases and guess rhei meaning.

2 Do you thi nk that men fi nd it more difficult than women to talk aboU[ thei r problems? \Vhy (not)?

d Ta lk co a panner. W h ich piece of advice do YOll agree wi rh mose for each problem? Do YOll have any orher suggesrions? b Read th ree problems from a weekly anicle in a newspaper. Match

two pieces of advice ro each problem.

Too

to talk? Are you a man who finds it difficult to talk about feelings and problems with your friends and family? Send us your problem. and you will get advice from our readers.

Problem A Three weeks ago, I asked my girlfriend to marry me - we have been together for 18 months. It was an impulse, but now I am having second thoughts. I am deeply in love with her, but is this too soon? Please help.

Problem B My wife is running her fi rst marathon in Orlando, Florida, and she really wants me to go and watch her. However, there is a business conference in New York the same weekend, and my boss would like me to attend. What should I do?

Problem C My wife wants us to spend two weeks in Cape Cod, Massachusetts in the summer with her family, but I find her father really difficult to get along with. Should 1 go and risk having arguments all the time or should r suggest separate vacations th is year?

Our readers' advice! 1 D This seems like an easy one - go, but try to avoid him where

possible, and if you can't avoid him, then just smile and don't get into a conversation.

2 D In my opinion, I don't think it's worth making problems at work. Why don't you suggest that she asks a girlfriend or afamily member to go with her instead?

3 D You should tell your wife how you feel. Be polite and, above all, bE honest. You do not have to like her father. if he really is difficult, everyone else will already know.

4 D You felt it was right at the time, butfor some reason now you are not sure. You clearly love this girl, and I think you should go for it. I got married after four months of dating, and we celebrated 30 years together this year.

S D You should be there. Maybe this is a once-in-a-lifetime momentfor her. You can always keep in touch with co-workers on your phone.

S D You shouldn't do anything in a hurry. Set a date 18 monthsfrom now which will give you time to be sure you're doing the right thing. And don't plan too much. If you start booking restaurants and getting clothes for the big day, it will make things worse if you then change your mind.

Adapted from a newspape

r

'.

ec

2 GRAMMAR should

a Fi nd and underli ne seven examples of should I shouldn't in the problems and advice in 1. Answer w it h a partner:

W hat do we use should for?

2 How do you make nega tives and questions with sllOuld?

b >- p.140 Grammar Bank BA. Lea rn more about should and practice it.

3 PRONUNCIATION /u/ and /u/, sentence stress

a 471}) Listen and repeat t he words and sounds. W hat's the difference between the two sound s?

.ti bull good pur should would

boot do soon true you

b 48») Are the pink letters in these words sound I (/uI ) or sound 2 (/u/)' Listen and check. W hich consonant isn't pronounced in shollld, \Vould, a nd could?

book could flew food foot look school

c 49») Listen and w ri te six sentences.

d Listen aga in and repea t the sentences. Copy the iliYthm .

e > Communication What should I do? A p.103 B p.108. Listen to your parrner's problems and give advice.

4 LISTENING & SPEAKING

a SOl») Listen to someone ca ll ing a rad io program called What's the Problem? W hat is rhe problem about? Make nmes in the chart.

problem expert 's advice

caLLer 1

caller 2

b Compare your notes wi th a pa rtner. What do you th ink the man should do?

c 51)) Now listen to an expert giving advice

d

and make no tes in the chart. Is it t he same as YOUts? Is it good advice? Why (not)?

52,53»)) Now repeat for ca ller 2.

5 VOCABULARY get

a Look at three sentences from the lesson. Match the examples of Bet w ith mean ings a-Co

a buy / obtain b receive c become

Send us your problem, and you will ge t adv ice.

If you start booking restauranrs and ge tting clofh es fo r the big day ...

I'm getting really stressed about it .

b > p.159 Vocabulary Bank get.

c In pa irs, ask and answer the quest ions with Bet.

1 When was the last time you got a present? What was it? Who was it from?

2 Would you like to get in shape? What do you think you should do?

3 What website do you use if you want t o get tickets a) to travel b) for the movies I theater I concerts?

4 Who do you get along with best in your family? Is there anybody you don't get along with?

5 How do you get to work I school? How tong does it usually take you?

6 What's the first thing you do when you get home from work / school?

7 Do you have a good sense of direction, or do you often get lost?

8 How many emails or text messages do you get a day? Are they mostly from friends? Do you usually reply immediately?

6 WRITING

.a .... Read two problems on a webs ire. Write a response to one of them giving advice.

Goodadvice.com Post your problems here, and you'JJ get advice from all over the world.

My best friend wants to borrow some money to help her buy a car. I have the money, and she says she'll pay me back next year. But I'm worried that it's not a good idea to lend money to friends. What should I do?

My friend Anna has gone away on vacation for two weeks, and I'm taking care of her cat. Yesterday I couldn't find the cat anywhere. My friend is coming home in three days. I'm desperate. Should I call her now and tell her? What should I do?

P Language for giving advice (J think / don't think) you should ... You shouldn't ...

Why don't you ... ? You could ...

b In groups offour, read your responses. W hose advice is t he bes t?

7 SS »)) SONG Why 00 I Feel So Sad? J' Online Practice ..

1 READING

G if+ present, will + base form (f irst conditional) V confusing verbs P linking

a If you are wa iting co check in at the ai rport and you change lines. what will usua lly happen?

b Read the first two paragraphs of the article and check. \V ho was Murphy? W hat is his law?

c Now look at the eight examples ofMurphy's Law in the article and match them with semences A-H.

A your flight will be delayed. B you will spill coffee on it. ,

C you wi ll find a parking space right in front of it.

o all the traffic lights will be red.

E will have a problem with his or her credit card .

F he or she will already have a partner.

G there will be a hyperactive five·year-old in the seat behind you.

H it w ill work when the salesperson tries it.

d Do any of these th ings or things like this often happen CO you?

2 GRAMMAR if + present, will + base form

a In pai rs, cover A- H and look at 1-8 in the text. How many of the laws ca n you remember?

b Look at the semences again. What tense is the verb after if? W hat tense is the other verb?

c >- p.140 Grammar Bank 88. Learn more about the first conditional and practice it.

d In pairs, complete these Murphy's Laws.

If you fi nd something in a store that you really like .... 2 If you stop wa iting for a bus and start wal king, ... 3 If you call a te lephone company help line, 4 If you leave your cel l phone at home, ... 5 If you lose a glove and buy a new pa ir, ..

e Compare your laws with other students. Do you have the same (or simila r)?

. ,

If we change lines, this one will

move quicker .

IT ALWAYS HAPPENS! If you are in a check-in line and you change

to another line that is moving more quickly, what will happen? The line you were in before will suddenly start moving faster. What will happen if you take your umbrella because you think it's going to rain later? It won't rain, of course. It will only rain if you forget to take your umbrella. These are examples of Murphy's Law, which says, "If there is something that can go wrong, it will go wrong."

Murphy's Law took its name from Captain Edward Murphy, an American aerospace engineer from the 1940s. He was trying to improve safety for pilots flying military planes. Not surprisingly, he got a reputation for always thinking of the worst thing that could happen in every situation. Here are some more examples of Murphy's Law.

AIR TRAVEL

1 D If you get to the airport early, ..

2 D If you want to sleep on the plane, ..

SHOPPING

3 0 If you are in a hurry, the person in front of you ..

4 0 If you take something that doesn't work back to a store, ..

DRIVING

5 D If you're late for something important, ..

6 0 If you park a long way from a restaurant, ..

SOCIAL LIFE

7 0 If you are Single and you meet somebody at a party who you really like, ..

8 0 If you wear a new white shirt or dress, ..

3 PRONUNCIATION linking

p Sound linking Remember that if a word fin ishes with a consonant and the next word begins with a vowel, we usually link the words together, e.g., we'U""'eat ........ in ....... a cafe

a 43 ») Listen and repeat the sentences. Try [0 link the marked words.

I 1£.. ... .1 see hcr ..... ,1'1I reil her. 2 \Ve'l! go if..Jr doesn 't rain.

3 If . ...! get rhere.......early, I'll.......order the food. 4 They' ll.....arriveJt .... .cighr_ifrhcir nighr 's.....on time.

S If you a ren't-...in.......a hurry, wecan walk.

b 4 1}) Listen and write five more sentences.

4 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING confusing verbs

a \Vhar 's the difference between ktlOIV and meet, and wear and carry?

b ~ p.160 Vocabulary Bank Confusing verbs.

c @rherightverb.Thenaskand answerwithapartner.

1 \Vha do you look I look like in your family?

2 How many classes have YOlllllissed ! Iost this yea r?

3 What gadgets do you always bring ! rake with you when you go on vacation?

4 Do you think sports people \Vi" I cam roo much money?

5 What is the best way to k"olV I meet new friends?

6 Is ir sometimes OK to say I tell a lie?

5 LISTENING

a With a partner, think of three things that cou ld go wrong when you are on vacation.

b Match the words CO their definitions.

1 [I] a monsoon imun\un

2 D an earthquake ':lr1:Jk \\ Cl k

3 D a tsunami h u' numi

4 D a fj:c1one \alklnon,

5 D a blizzard ""hIl7;,nJ

6 0 a flood Il\d

7 C a forest fire

br~~{ f<:!I~r

A a very bad srerm with snow and strong winds

B a very strong wind that moves in a circle

C a big fire that can destroy many trees and houses

o a very large wave in the ocean

E when it rains very heavi ly for three months or more

F when there is roo much water in a rive r and it comes onto the st reets or yards

G when the ground sudden i) shakes ver), strongly

The Svanstrom family

c 6»)) Listen ro what happened to Mr. and Mrs. Sva nstrom. Mark their route o n the map. What natural disaster happened in each place?

d Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How long did they have re wait at Munich airport?

2 \Vhat wea ther were they expecti ng in Bali?

3 \Vhere were rhe streets full o f smoke?

4 \Vhere did they sleep in Cai rn s?

5 \Vhy did they fly to Auckland and nOt ro Ch ristchurch in New Zealand?

6 What were they doing when the Japanese earthquake struck?

7 Where did they go for the last part of their vacation? Did anything happen ro them there?

e Do you think they were lucky or unlucky? \Vhy?

Online Practice Ell

G possessive pronouns V adverbs of manner P sentence rhythm

BY O. HENRY

PART I

" I've found where she lives," said the detective quierly. " Here is the address."

Harrley took the piece of paper. On it were the words "Vivienne Arlington, No. 341 East 49th Street."

"She moved there a week ago," said the detective. "I can follow her if yOll want. It will only cost you $7 a day and expenses .. . "

"No, thank you," in terrupted Harrley. " I on ly wanted the address. How much is it?"

10 "One day's work," said the detective. "Ten dollars." HarrIey paid the man. Then he left the office and

took a tram to Broadway. After walking a short distance he arrived at the building that he was looking for. Harrley rang the bell. The door opened.

15 He went in and began to climb the stairs. On the fourth Aoor he saw her standing in an open

door. Vivicnne was about twenty-one. Her hair was red gold, and her eyes were sea-blue. She was wearing a white top and a dark skirt.

20 "Vivienne," said Har rIey, "you didn't answer my last letter. It took me a week to find your new address! Why didn't you answer me? You knew I was waiting to see you and hear from you."

1 READING

You must be mine.

Yes. I'll

a You are goi ng to read and listen to a short story. First look at the picture and answer the ques tions.

I What do the people look like? \Vhat are they wearing?

2 \Vhere are they? 3 In wha t century do you th ink the story takes place?

b 7 })) Read and listen to Part 1. T hen answer the questions w ith a pa rtner.

What did the detective give Har rl ey? What did he offer to do?

2 What d id Harrley do when he got the add ress? 3 What d id Viv iennc look like?

4 Why was Har tley angry with her? 5 Why do you th ink she didn't answer his lerrer?

c Look at the fo llowing words and ph rases in the story. With a partner, guess what they mean .

moved (line 5) expenses (line 7) tram (tine 12) rang the bell (line 14) climb (line 15)

d 8 '») Read and listen to Part 2. Then answer the ques tions with a partner.

Why wasn't Vivienne sure about accepting Harrley's offer?

2 How d id Harrley try to

persuade her?

3 Where did Hartley and Vivienne first meet?

4 What did Harrley th ink was the reason why Vivienne didn't say yes to his offer?

5 What do you thi nk Har rley wa nted Vivienne to do?

6 Who do you th ink Heloise is?

P Adverbs of manner We often use adverbs of manner in writing to show how the characters are feeling, behaving, or speaking.

e Look at t he highlighted adverbs. With a partner, guess what they mean.

PART 2

The girl looked out the window dreamily. "Mr. Harrier," she said slowly, " I don't know what to say ro you. I understand all the advantages of your offer, and <,omcrimcs I feci SUfe that I could be happy with you . Bur, rhen sometimes I am less sure. I was born a city girl, and I am nor su re that I would enjoy li ving a quiet life in the

subu rbs."

"My dear girl," said Harder, "'You will have everything

that you wanr. You can come ro the city for the (heater, for shopping, and to visit your friends as ofren as you want. You can trust mc, can't you?"

" I can trust you completely," she said, smiling at him. ~I know you are the kindesr of men, and that the girl who

you get will be very lucky. I heard all abour you when I was at the Montgomcrys'."

"Ah!" exclaimed Ha rrley, " I remember so well the evening I first saw yOll at the Momgomcrys'. I will nevcr fo rget that dinner. Comc on, Vivienne, promise mc. I wam you. obod)' else will evc r give you such a happy

home." Vivicnne didn't answer. Suddenly H arrley was

!>llspiciollS. "Tcllmc, Vivicnne," he asked, "is there - is there someone else?"

"You shouldn't ask thar,l\tr. Haniey," she said. "Bur I will tell you. There is one other person - bur I h,wen't

promised him anything."

"Vivien ne," said Hartle)" masterfully. "You must be mine ."

Vivienne looked him in the eye.

"Do you think for one momem," she said calmly, "that I could come to )'om home while HCloise is there?"

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence rhythm a i,)9 ))) Listen to the las t five lines of Pa rt 2. \Vhat tells

the s pea kers ... ?

a where to pause

b in what way re say t he dialogue

P Reading aloud Reading stories or poems aloud gives you the opportu nity to focus on pronunciation, especially sentence rhythm.

b > Communication Reading dialogue p.l04. Pracr ice reading the dialogue w ith a partner.

3 LISTENING

a 10l») Lisren ro Parr 3 of rhe story. Answer the q uest io ns.

\Vhat d id Ha rrley say abo ut Helo ise?

2 \Vhar d id Vivienne

prom ise co do?

3 \Vho do you thi n k the lady in the white dress is?

b 11 ,») Lisren re Pa rr 4 of the story.

I \Vho was thc lady?

2 \Vho was Viv ien nc?

3 \Vho was Heloise?

c Did the endi ng surprise you? W hy (not)?

4 GRAMMAR possessive pronouns

a Look at som e ext rac ts from the story. Comple te the m

with my, mine,yollr, or YOllrs.

1 "Vivienne, you d idn 't answer __ last letter."

2 " I unde rstand al l the advantages o f __ offer."

3 "Vivienne ... you mustbe __ :'

4 "Myanswerisyes.lwillbe __ ."

b >- p.140 Grammar Bank BC. Learn m o re about possessive pronouns a nd p rac ti ce them.

e 13 ))) Listcn. Say the sentences w ith a possessive pronoun .

") It'S my book. 0's mine.

5 WRITING using adverbs

a Make adverbs from the fo llow ing adjectives.

angry lazy quiet sad serious slow

b 14))) Listen to som e lines from stor ies. Add an adverb from a after "said" to show how the person is

speaking.

I ;'I'm sorry, bur I don't love you," he sa id __ .

2 ;'Give me back all my lerrers," she sa id __ .

3 " I think ... 1 have an idea," hesaid _ _ .

4 ;'Don't make a noise. Evetyone is asleep," she sa id __ .

5 " I don't feel like doing a nything," he said __ .

6 "Th is is a very important matter," she sa id __ .

c In pairs, write a short scene between H art ley 's wi fe a nd Heioise, when she is te ll ing the cook to leave. Include at least two adverbs of man ner after said.

Online Practice

I

GRAMMAR ~~a,b,orc.

I I need some emails.

a to answer b answer c answering 2 The situation is difficult ___ .

a for expla in b explain c re explain 3 (don't know what ___ .

a do b re do c that ( do

4 I don't really mind housework. a do b rodo c doing

5 is one of rhe best forms of exercise. a Swiming b Swimming c Swim

6 bring our books tomorrow? a Do we have to

b Have we to c Do wc muSt

7 It 's free. You ___ pay.

a don't have to b must not c haven't to

8 YOUl11ust ___ your grandmother.

a to call b calling c call

9 You drink so much coffee. a not should b don't should c shouldn't

10 I think you should ___ to her about it.

a to talk b talk c talking (I If she ___ • she won't come back.

a goes b went c'lI go 12 If they don't come soon, we ___ them.

a don't see b won't see c aren't see 13 Ca ll me ifyou ___ a taxi.

a won'c find b don't find c didn't find 14 A \Vhosebookisthat? Bit's

a my b mine book c mine

15 She forgot his birthday, bur he didn't fo rget ___ .

a her b she c hers

VOCABULARY a @ the r ight verb.

I When did you kilO\\! I meet your husband?

2 Did you reil I say Mark about the party? 3 If we don't run, we'll miss f lose the train! 4 I really lIIair I hope she's passed the exam.

S My mother always carries f lIIears a lot ofjewelry.

b Complete with a verb from the lisc.

enjoy finish forget hate learn mind promise try

Don't to turn off the light before you go. 2 (wantro to spea k Chinese. 3 Ca n YOll ___ to make less noise, please?

4 I to pay you back next week. 5 I really ___ making cakes.

6 Do you ___ waiting here until I'm ready?

7 My parents are very punc(Ual- they being late. S \Vhen are you going to ___ using the computer? I need it!

c Complete the modifiers.

I A Howareyou? B V ___ well,thanks.Andyou? 2 I was e.x ___ lucky. I won 51 00.

3 She's a 1 ___ tired. She needs to rest.

4 You're driving r ___ fast! Slow down! 5 It's f_-__ cold outside. You should wear a jacket.

d Complete the Bet phrases.

\Ve didn't have a GPS in the car, and we got __ on the way home frol11 BostOn.

2 1'111 always really hungry when J get ___ frol11 school.

3 She was very sick, but luckily she's getting ___ .

4 We got two ___ for the theater to see a show. 5 I get ___ very well with my brothers and sisters.

6 They were married for ten yea rs, but six months ago they got __ .

7 I got a text ___ from Carol. She says she 's going to be late.

PRONUNCIATION a ~i~IV the word with a different sound.

&fi I11 lne find r igh t give

2 i WII1 fit child th in

3 ~ choose cou ld wou ld look

4 J1I should impression dictionary sa ndwich

5 ~ earn wear learn hl'<lrd

b Underline the stressed syllable.

I pre tend 3 re mern ber 5qui et Iy

2 im por tant 4 sa la ry

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

a Read the arricle once. \Vhardoes Michael think is the main reason Americans aren't good at speaking languages?

b Read the article again and check the reasons why, according to the writcr, some Americans arc bad at languages.

=:] America ns rarely travel abroad.

2 0 English isan international language.

3 D Americans who live abroad often find the local language tOO difficult co learn.

4 0 Americans who live abroad often don't socialize with the local people.

S D Language teachers in American schools are not very good.

6 0 Many American middle schools don't have fore ign. language [cachers.

7 0 American children don 't know enough about their own grammar.

S D Americans don't want to waste money learning languages.

c Look at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check w ith your teacher or with a dictionary.

Why are some Americans so bad at Learning Languages? Mtchael Reece has lived and worked in France for fifteen years.

1ft ome Americans are bad at speaking foreign languages. It's ' a fact. In any city around the world, you can find American --=-- t ourists asking for the restaurant menu in English. At best , they will try to say a coupLe of phrases they have Learned from a phrase book, but they will stop making an effort the moment they discover the waiter knows a littLe English.

I read a survey once that found that only 20 percent of Americans couLd speak a Language other than EngLish in thei r own homes. So why is this? I think La ziness is possibly the key factor. There is a generaL feeling among Americans that "everyone speaks English nowadays, so it's not worth Learning other Languages.~ In multinationaL companies, EngLish is often the official Language of communication with the company. ALso, Americans w ho Live abroad can aLways find ot her American expatriat es to talk to or to watch American TV with-alL reasons for never bothering to Learn the LocaL Language.

The sit uation in American schooLs doesn't heLp. In 1997, about 75 percent of American public middLe schooLs offered foreign Languages. Today, that number has gone down to 58 percent. And even the few students who study foreign languages at schooL don't have as many hours of classes as students in other count ries. I think it is also a problem that American chiLdren don't study English grammar any more, which makes it more dif ficul t for them to Learn the grammar of another Language.

... VIDEO

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

415 )) On the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

Stacey

I

Heba Ruth Ben James

Stacey thinks that happiness is having ___ "

a somewhere nice to live and a lot offriends b a lotofmoneyalld a close fa mily c a reasonable amount of money and friends and family

2 Heba ___ "

a speaks a little Arabic and a little French b speaks Arabic and French very well c speaks Arabic well and a little French

3 If Ruth has relationship problems, she talks [0 ___ "

a her friends b her mother c her mother and her friends

-4- Ben thinks people who have problems sleeping should ___ "

a dr ink less coffee and exercise more b do physical work before going to bed c drink less coffee and try {O relax more

5 James thinks that Americans are bad at learning languages because ___ "

a they don't want to learn languages b they find learning languages roo difficult c they aren't interested in traveling abroad

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do the tasks w ith a partner. Check (.r) the box if you can do them.

Can you ... ?

o talk about something you wou ld like ro learn ro do, and someone you rh ink would be interesting ro meet

2 0 talk about three things you like, love, and hate doing

3 0 talk about the rules in your (language) school using 1 must and hm'e to i.

4 0 give someone advice about learning English using ,1 should and should/I 't

5 0 remember three ofM urphy·s Laws in Engl ish

6 0 say two true sentences using mi1le and yours

.~ Short movies learning a language VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

G if + past, would + base form (second conditional) V animals

What would you do if you saw a bear? P word stress

1 READING & SPEAKING

a Read the quiz questions and answers. Complete each question with an animal from the li st.

bee bull dog jellyfish shark snake

b Look at the highJighted verbs and verb phrases. \Vith a partner, try to guess their meaning from the context.

c Read the quiz aga in andcEi~!V your answers, a, b, or c.

d >- Communication Would you know what to do? A p.104 B p.IOB C p. IIO. Read the answers to o ne section and tell the others. Did you all choose the right answers?

e Have you ever been in any of these s ituat ions? What did you do?

2 GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form

a Look at questions 1-6 aga in . Are they abo ll t a past situatio n or an imagined future situatio n? \Vhat tense is the verb after if?

b >- p.142 Grammar Bank 9A. Lea rn more about the second conditio nal and practice it.

e Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Compare with a partner.

I If I had five ext ra hours every week, ...

2 I wou ld be ve ry happy if ..

3 If I cou ld live anywhere in the world , .. .

4 I would learn English more qu ickly if .. .

5 I f I won a IQ[ o f money in the lottery,.

3 VOCABULARY animals

a >- p.161 Vocabulary Bank Animals.

b 1)18 »)) Listen. \Vhich animals can you hear?

I'd run away.

Would you know what to do? We all love seeing animals on TV and in zoos. But some animals can be dangerous. If you met one in real life, would you know the right thing to do? Read about some common and some less common s ituations . Would you know what to do?

In the city What would you do ... . .. if a large aggressive _ _ _ ran toward you?

a I would shout "down" at it several times. b I would put my hands in my pockets and walk

slowLy backward. c I would keep compLeteLy stiLL and Look at it in its eyes.

2 What would you do .. . .. . if you were driving, a nd a ___ flew into the car?

a I would open all the windows and wait for it to fly out. b I would try to kilL it with a map o r a newspaper.

c I would wave my hand to make it go out.

In the country 3 What would you do ...

... if a poisonous bit you on the leg. and you were more than 30 minutes from the nearest town? a I would put something very cold on it, like a

water bottle. b I would suck the bite to get the poison out.

e I would tie something. e.g .. a scarf on my leg above the bite.

.4 What would you do . .. ... if you were in the middle of a field and a _,---_ started running toward you? a I would run. b I would throw something (e.g., a hat or a bag) in

another direction .

c I would shout and wave my arms.

Inthe water 5 What would you do ...

, ... if you were in the ocean and a ___ stung you?

a I would rub the sting with a towel to clean it. b I would wash the sting with fresh water. c I would wash the sting with vinegar or ocean water.

6 What would you do ... ... if you were in the ocean near the shore and you sawa ?

a I would swim to the shore as quickly and quietly as possible.

b I would float and pretend to be dead .

c I would shout for help.

4 PRONUNCIATION word stress

P Stress in words that are similar in other languages Some words in English, e.g., for animals, are similar to the same words in other languages, but the stress is often in a different place .

a Look at the animal words below. Can you remember which syllable is st ressed? Underline it.

ca lmel cro lco ldile doqphin ellelphant gi lraffe kan lgalroo Iilon mO ,squi 'to

b 19 »)) Listen and check. Are any of these words similar in your language? Is the stress in the same place?

c In pairs, ask and answer the quest ions.

I What's the most dangerous an imal in your coumry?

2 If you went on a safari, what animal wou ld you most like to see?

3 What's your favorite movie about an animal?

4 What's your favori te carroon ani mal?

5 Are there any animal s or insects you are really afra id of?

6 Do you (or did you) have a pet? \Vhat? 7 Are you alle rgic to any animals or insects? 8 If you cou ld be an ani mal, which animal would you

like to be?

5 SPEAKING

\Vork in groups of three. Take turns choosing a question and ask the others in the g roup. Then answer it yourself.

What would you do ... ... if you saw a mouse in your kitchen?

... if you saw somebody being attacked by a dog?

... if a bird or a bat flew into your bedroom?

... if you saw a large spider in the bathtub?

... if it was a very hot day and you were on a beach that was famous for shark attacks?

... if someone offered to buy you a fur coat?

. .. if your neighbor's dog barked all night?

... if a friend asked you to look after his or her cat or dog for the weekend?

. .. if you went to somebody's house for dinner and he or she gave you ... ?

a horse meat b goat c kangaroo

P Talking about imaginary situations I think I'd (probably) ... I (definitely) wouldn't... I don't think I'd ...

On line Practice

G present perfect + for and since V phobias and words related to fear P sentence stress

1 VOCABULARY phobias and words related to fear

a Look at the pictu re. How many th ings ca n you see that some people have a phobia o f?

b Look at the names of five phobias. Match them to explanations A-E.

acrol2h,Qbia 3 glossophobia 5 arachnophobia 2 agoraghQbia 4 claust rophobia

A 0 People with this phobia are terrif ied of spiders. Rupert Grint, the actor who pLayed Ron WeasLey in the Harry Potter movies, has this phobia, and so does his character Ron.

B 0 This phobia can have a severe effect on sufferers' lives. These peopLe are frightened of being in open and public spaces Like stores and busy streets. They often feel panic when they go out and only feeL safe at home.

c 0 PeopLe with this phobia are afraid of being in closed spaces like eLevators or traveling on the subway. This phobia can make life very difficult for people who Live and work in cities.

o 0 People who suffer f rom this phobia are scared of heights, and they get very nervous if they have to go up high, for exampLe on a ski lift or if they are on a baLcony on the 20th floor.

E 0 People with this phobia suffer from a fear of public speaking. They get very nervous jf t hey have to speak in front of other people, fo r exampLe at work or in class or at a conference. The actor Harrison Ford has been afraid of public speaking aLL his Life. He even gets nervous when a character in a movie he is making has to make a speech.

Yes, I've been afraid of

c Read the explanat ions aga in. Fi nd in the texts ...

the noun made from the adjective afraid

2 one adjective that mea ns very afraid

3 twO synonyms for afraid

2 LISTENING & SPEAKING a 4, 20 ))) Listen to three people talking about their

phobias. Answer ques tion I fo r each person.

1 2 3

1 What is he / she afraid of?

2 When did it start?

3 How does it affect his / her life?

I b Listen again and answer questions 2 and 3 for each

person. \Vhich person do you think is most affected by his or her phobia ?

c Ask and answer with a partner.

Which of the phobias in thi s lesson do YO ll think is the most irrational?

2 Which do you think makes the sufferers' lives most complicated?

3 Do you or anyone you know havea phobia? \Vhen and how did it start? How does ir affecr ),our life or his/her life?

My brother is really afraid of flying. He gets very nervous before he flies somewhere. It started about ten years ago when ...

3 GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since

a Loo k at th is ex trac t from rhe first interview in 2 . Answer the ques tions.

"How long have you had this phobia?" "I've had it for about 40 years . Since I was 12 years old."

1 \Vhen did she begin [ 0 be afra id of bars?

2 Is she afraid of bars now?

3 What tense do we use re ta lk about someth ing that started in the past and is still tr ue now?

4 Complete the rule withJor or since. Use __ with a per iod of cime.

Use __ w ith a poin t in t ime.

b >- p.142 Grammar Bank 9B. Lea rn mo rc about the present perfecc + fo r and since, and p rac tice it.

c 1)22 »)) Listen and say the phrase withfor or since.

)J) 1984 0ince 1984

4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress

a 23 »)) Listen and repeat. Copy the £b.x.thm .

1 for ten years ---7 worked here for ten years ---7 I've worked here for ten years .

2 since 2002 ---7 lived here since 2002 ---7 We've lived here since 2002.

3 known him ---7 have you known him ~ How long have you known him?

b ~24 »)) Listen and wr ite five sem ences.

5 SPEAKING

a Loo k at the quest io ns below. \Vhat two tenses are they? W hat are the miss ing words?

have I a pet? How long I it?

I a bike? How long I it ?

live I in a modern apartment? How long I there?

I near this school? How long I there?

know I anybody from another country? How long I him (her)?

be I a fan of a soccer team? How long I a fan?

I a member of a club or organization? How tong I a member?

I married? How long I married?

Name

b Move around the class and ask ocher scudem s. If they answer Yes, I do o r Yes/ I am CO the firs t question , ask the second questio n. Try to find a d ifferem person for each question .

6 READING

a Do you know of any kinds oftrcatmem fo r people who have phobias?

b Read the text and m ark the sentences T (true) or F (false).

1 T hirty percent of people have some kind of phobia.

2 Doctors have created a new drug to cure phobias.

3 In exposure therapy, people lea rn to relax when they are exposed to someth ing they are afraid o f.

4 Exposure therapy is always successful.

5 T he drug affects the way people learn and remember things.

6 T he study showed that the drug helped people to lose thei r fear.

Scared of spiders? Take this pill. There are many different kinds of phobias, I and they affect at Least a quarter of the

population. But doctors believe that they may soon have a cure. They have discovered that a drug, which is given to patients suffering from tuberculosis, can aLso help peopLe to overcome their phobias.

The normal treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of exposure therapy. The most commonLy used exposure therapy invoLves graduatly exposing peopLe to the object or situation that produces the fear. For exampLe, if you have a dentist phobia, you might first sit in the waiting room of a dentist, then talk to the dentist, and then sit in the dentist's chair. These exposures are combined with relaxation techniques.

However, exposure therapy does not work for everybody, and doctors think that the new drug, which causes changes to a part of the brain that is used in Learning and memory, could be used in the future to make this therapy more effective. Michael Davis at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia did a study with 30 acrophobics­peopLe who are scared of heights - and put them in a gLass elevator that appeared to go up and down. The peopLe who were given the pill feLt much less afraid then those who took a placebo.

c \Vith a pa rtner, guess the mea n ing of the highlighted words and phrases.

d \Vhat stages of exposure therapy do you thin k cou ld be used fo r someone w ith a) a rachnophobia b) claust ro phobia?

Online Proctice

G present perfect or simple past? {2} V biographies P word stress, brl

1 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION biographies, word stress, hrl

a 25 »)) Look at th e highlighted words in the list below. \Vhich syllable is stressed? Listen and check.

Events in your life

o be born

D marry somebody / get married

o go to college D get divorced D graduate from college D retire

D go to elementary school D separate C fall in love o have children 0 get a job C die

D go to high school D graduate from high school

b Number the expressions in what YOll think is the most logical order. Compare with a partner. 00 you agree?

c 26 »)) Listen and repeat the words and sound.

~ horse born divorced four

d Practice sayi ng these words. Circle the ones with the I';)r ' sound.

more work world boring door worse sports wear form near score word

e 4 27 »)) Listen and check. What rule can you see for words with wor + consonant?

2 READING

a Look atthe photos of Bob and Ziggy Marley and read the introduct io n. Have you heard their music? Do you like it?

b Read ten facts about the lives of the two men. In pairs, decide which five are about Bob Marley (BM) and which five are about Ziggy Marley (ZM).

c Work in pairs. A reread the facts about Bob Marley. B reread the ones about Z iggy Marley. C lose your books and tell your partner what you can remember.

3 GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past? (2)

a A nswer the questions.

Look at the five facts about Bob Marley. \Vhat tense are all the ve rbs? \Vhy?

2 Look at the five facts about Ziggy Marley. What three tenses are there? \Vhy?

b > p.142 Grammar Bank 9C. Learn more about the difference between the presenr perfect and the simple past, and practice it.

LI1o..LI _-.JI He and three of his brothers and Sisters formed a band called The MeLody Makers, and they pLayed at their father's funeraL

121 I He had eLeven children with severaL '-=-'-_-.J different women. However, he only

married one of them, Rita Marley in 1966.

LI3~1_-.J1 He has been a musician since he was ten, when his father bought him his first guitar.

L14c..L1 __ I He has lived in Miami for many years with his wife Orty, and they have three children.

151 I He has won four Grammy awards for L.:::.L_-.J his music, including Best Reggae

Album.

LI6::.J.1_......J1 He injured his foot playing soccer, and he later became Sick with cancer. He died four years (ater at the age of 35.

[ 7 [ [ He was born in a small village in L-"-_-' Jamaica. His father was a captain in

the British army.

[e[ [ He was born in Kingston, Jamaica in '-"-'---' 1968, and he was 13 years old when

his father died. His father's last words to him were "Money can't buy you life."

[9[ 1 His music was very influenced by '-'--'-----' social problems in his homeland,

Jamaica.

c[l.::.0LI _--,I With hi s band, The Wailers, he made eLeven albums. His most famous songs included No Woman, No Cry, Three Little Birds, and I Shot the Sheriff

4 LISTENING a Look at rhe pharos of another famolls

father and son, Julio and Enrique, who are both s ingers. What's their last name? \Vha do you think is more fa mous?

1 Madrid 1975 -----,

2 Miami ------,.~

3 Enrique M,,,tine;, ---

4 "Enrique Iglesias" 19'95---'

5 "Escape" 2001

Kournikova

100 million

b YOll are going to li sten to a radio program about En rique. Look at the information. Before you listen, guess what the connection is tohim.

0hink he was born in Madrid in 1975.

c 29 ))) Now li sten and make nores. Compare with a partner.

d Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last names, or because they are genuinely talented? Do you think it's common for children to want ro do the same job as ~hei r parents?

5 SPEAKING & WRITING a Think about an older person, a fri end or a member of your family,

who is alive and who you know well. Prepare to answer the questions below about his or her life and ro tell your partner any other interesting informat ion about him or her.

The past

When / born?

Where / born?

What / do after (he / she) graduate school? (e.g., get a job, go to college, get married, have children, etc.)

The present Where / live now?

How long / live there?

What! do? Gob) How long ... ?

What / do in (his/ her) free time?

Do you think (he / she) has had a good life? Why (not)7

b Interv iew your partner about his I her person. Ask for more information. Do your two people have anything in common?

I'm going to tell you about my grandmothe~ 0hen was she born?

c > p.116 Writing A biography. Write a biography of a person YOll

know or a famous person.

6 30 »)) SONG You're f\.1y #1 JJ On line Practice

Getting around

1 ! j HOLLY AND ROB IN BROOKLYN

a 311)) Watch or li sten to Rob and Holly. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (fa lse).

1 Rob has just done an interview.

2 He is in a hurry.

3 He has another inte rview in Man hanan.

4 He has anorher coffee.

5 Barbara calls Rob.

6 T he restauranr is booked for 7 o'clock.

P American and Briti sh English restroom :;;: American English; toilet = British English the subway;;; American English; the underground = British English

b \Varch or listen again. Say why the F semences are fa lse.

2 VOCABULARY directions

a Look at the pictures and complete the ph rases.

I Turn __ _

2 Go ahead. 3 Take the turn on the right. 4 Turn right at rhe lights. 5 Go around the and take the thi rd exit.

b 432 »)) Listen and check.

American and British Eng lish go straight ahead;: American English; go straight on =

., British English

3 !E~ ASKING HOW TO GET THERE

a 33 ))) Cover the dialogue and warch or lisren . Mark Rob's roure on rhe Inap.

-@-A" -<Ij- '"

b Watch or listen again. Complete the You Hear phrases.

You Say O

How do I get to Greenwich Village on

the subway?

How many stops is that?

OK. And then?

Could you say that again?

»)) You Hear

Go to the subway station at

Prospect Park. the

B train to West 4th Street.

Six or seven.

From West 4th Street take the

A train, and get at

14th Street.

OK. From Prospect Park take the

B train to west 4th Street, and

then take the A train to 14th

Street. That's only one

Where's the Come out of the subway on restaurant? Eighth Avenue, go ___ _

on for about 50 yards and

take the left. That's

Greenwich Avenue.

The restaurant's on the

. It's caUed The Tea Set.

OK, thanks, And don't get __ _ See you later.

c 34 »)) Watch o r listen and repeat t he You Say phrases. Copy the rhvth m.

d Practice the d ialogue with a partner.

e In pairs, role · play the d ia logue.

A B is at Prospect Park. Choose a destination on the subway map. G ive B direc tlons. You start with Go to the subway statiOl/ at. ...

B Follow A's direc tions, and tell A which subway stop you have arrived at. Were you right?

f Change roles.

~ke the A train to ... Then ...

4 !E~ ROB IS LATE ... AGAIN

a 35 »)) Watch or listen re Rob and Jenny. Is the date a success?

b Watch o r listen again and answer the questions.

\Vhat excuse does Rob give for being late?

2 How long has Jenny waited for him ?

3 What does Rob suggest they do? 4 What does Jenny say that Rob could do?

5 Who is Rob interested in: Holly o r Jenny?

c Look at t he Social English phrases. Can you remember any ofrhe miss ing words?

Social English phrases Rob I'm so _ _ _ _

Rob I I'm sorry.

Jenny I don't want to ____ here anymore.

Jenny I don't ____ like a walk.

Jenny It's been a day.

Jenny I didn't ____ to say that.

d 36 »)) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.

e \Vatch or listen aga in a nd repeat the phrases. How do you say them in your language?

------Can you ... ?

D give and understand directions on the street

D give and understand direct ions for using public transportation

o apologize

OnUne Practice

G passive V verbs: invent, discover, etc. P flf, ·ed, sentence stress

1 LISTENING

I think it was invented by a

Are you sure?

a Look at the phmos. Five ofthese things were invented by women. In pa irs, dec ide which five you think they are.

h 37 )) Now listen to a rad io program about invem ions. \Vere you r ight? Complete the sentences w ith the invent ion.

1 The was invented b)' Josephinc Cochranc in 1886.

2 were invented b)' Mar)' Anderson in 1903. 3 ______ were invented by Marion Donova n in 1950. 4 ______ "'as invented by Ben e Nesm ith Graham in 1956.

5 The _____ was invented b), Srephan ie Kwolek in 1966.

c Listen agai n and answer the questions.

1 What happened after Josephine Cochrane's din ner parr ies?

2 What was the problem with cars in 1903 when it rained or snowed?

3 How many disposable diapers are used every da),? 4 What was Bene Nesm ith Graham's job? 5 What was specia l about the mater ial Stephanie Kwolek invenred?

d \Vhich of the five invem ions do you think was the best?

2 GRAMMAR passive

a Make five true sentences using t he words in the chart.

The dishwasher is caUed white·out today.

Disposable diapers was invented by Marion Donovan.

More than 55 million diapers are protected every day.

Ms. Graham's invention were invented by the buUet·proof vest.

Police officers all over are used by an American woman. the world

The dishwasher was illVetlted by all A m erican woman.

b Look at the two sem ences below and answer the questions.

a An America n woman invenred rhe di shwasher. b The d ishwasher was invented by an American woman.

1 Do (he sentences have the same meaning?

2 In which sentence is the focus more on the dishwasher?

3 I n which sentence is rhe foc us more on the woman?

c ~ p.l44 Grammar Bank lOA. Learn more about the pass ive and practice it.

3 READING & VOCABULARY verbs: invent, discover, etc.

a March t he ve rbs to the d ictiona ry defi n itions.

base design discover invent

___ \'crb ro find or learn something for the first t ime, e.g., DNA \Vas - ill 1953.

2 verb to make something lIsing something else as a srarc ing pOinr, e.g., This movie is - all a trlle story.

3 verb to draw a plan tha t shows how ro make something, e.g., The bllifdifl(j was - by a Bra::ilian architect.

4 verb to ma ke or think of something for t he first ti me, e.g., Wllo - tlte bicycle?

b Complete the "D id you know, .. ?" text w ith the past participle of a ve rb fro m the list.

base call design discover give invent open play show use

c Read rhe tex t agai n. O ne ofrhe pieces ofin formarion is nor t[ue. Wh ich onc do you th ink it is?

4 PRONUNCIATION If!, -ed, sentence stress

a 39 »)) Listen and repeat the words and sounds.

~ shower dil;hwasher invention special washing mach ine

b W hat four ways can you see for spelling the If I sound? W hich one do you think is no t typ ical? Go to the Sound Bank p.167 and check .

c How is · ed pronounced in these past part iciples? Put them in t he right column.

based called erelalt ed delsigned dil rec lt ed dislcovlered inlvenlt ed painlt ed prolduced used

'U dog ~ t ie IId/

d 40 )) Listen and check. U nderline the stressed syllable in each l11ult i·syllable verb.

e 411») Listen and w rite s ix sentences. Then listen aga in and repeat . Copy rhe r.b.xthm .

5 SPEAKING

>- Communication Passives quiz A p.I05 B p.109. Make sem ences fo r your parrner to dec ide if they are true or false.

Did you know ... 7 One of the most famous logos

in the world is the Ni ke logo. n was 1 __ by an American

student, Carolyn Davidson, in 1971. Ms. Davidson was only paid $35 for her design . However, she was later a __ a gold ring in the shape of

the logo and Nike shares.

Canned food was 3 in 1810 in

Britain by Peter Durand. Unfortunately, he did not

also invent a can opener, so cans were 4 _ _

with difficulty using a knife and a hammer. It wasn't until almost 50 years later that the American Ezra Warner invented the can opener.

When people at toy company Parker Brothers were first s the

board game - Monopoly, they were not interested. They said it had 52 fundamental errors, including taking too long to play. However, a few days later, the company president saw the game and took it home to try it. He stayed up until 1 a.m. to finish playing it, and the next day he wrote to the inventor, Charles Darrow, and offered to buy it!

The modern game of golf was invented in Scotland

in the 18th century. It was originally only 6 by men, and was 7 "golf" because of the rule Gentlemen Only Ladies Forbidden. This is how the word golf entered into the English language.

Botox was first 8 in the early 1980s to correct strabismus (lazy eye) in

children. The possibility of using it to make people's faces look younger was only 9 20 years later.

The character Gregory House in the hit TV series House, M.D. is 10 on Conan Doyle's

detective Sherlock Holmes. Like Holmes, House uses his intelligence and knowledge of psychology to solve cases. House's relationship with his friend Dr. James Wilson is similar to that between Holmes and his friend, Dr. John Watson, and the address on his driving licence is 221B Baker St., a direct reference to Holmes's address.

Online Practice

G usedto V school subjects P used to / didn't use to

1 VOCABULARY school subjects a Read the report card and match the subjects

and pictures.

.5..u..b.lect Grade

D art

Behavlor

b 42 ») Listen and check.

ID, + 2 3 ::: 2,x:HS

c Look at the report card again. What do wades and behavior mean?

d Did YOll have any other subjeccs in elementary or high school? Which subjects were you ... ?

a good at b OK at c bad at

I was really bad at ma~

P good at We use at after good and bad to talk about our abilities, e.g., I was really bad at math. I'm really good at cooking.

Did you use to like elementary

school?

2 GRAMMAR used to a \Vhen you were at school, did you get a

reporr card at the end of every qua rter or year? \Vere they usually good or bad? Did you always show them to your parents?

b Read some extracts from Could do Better, a collection of famous people's school report cards. Are the com ments positive or negative?

Sh.e /lllMSt- -tr!j h; be. lL 5$ -e-wt 0 -t-i trKaA.. . . . wit-k O&evs.

Yes, I did. I used to have a

great time.

Princess Diana mother of Princes William and Harry

He VV\G'.y be sOVVlewhG'.t ecce"'t .... ic.

GeorgeBush politician, US President 1988-1992

Jack ... can sclolOIM locate hiS possessions.

John F. Kennedy US President 1960- 1963

c Read the extracts agai n and match the people ro senrences 1-5. \Vrite GB. JL. PO, IK, or HF.

1 __ d id n't lI se re be very organ ized.

2 __ used ro make the other children laugh.

3 __ used ro be a little strange.

4 __ used (Q use very complicated vocabulary.

5 used to cry a lot at school.

d Loo k atsenrences 1 ~5again.Doesusedto

refer to ... ?

a the present b the past

2 a things that happened once b things that happened repeatedly

e >- p.144 Grammar Bank lOB. Lea rn mo re about used to and practice it .

+-le. ,s ... '" cA ~v-. " Y'\

C)"'S So A,,.., 01 VVOl s-te-S oMe.-r pup-il-;:,' -h·rY\e.

John Lennon musician, member of t he Beatles 1960-69

Subject: English

Hei(lf/. fYI.(,,{ S t !.earn, n~ to I.lSe. SU~ Jl.ttwfll"'!/ CallJ",e. Helen Fielding author of Bridget Jones's Diary

3 PRONUNCIATION used to / didn't use to

P Pronouncing used to When we say used to or (didn't) use to we link the two words together. They are both pronounced j 'yU'i(;)/.

a 44 »)) Listen and underline the stressed words. Then listen

b

and repeat.

1 He used [0 hate school.

2 I used to be good at French.

3 They d idn 't use to behave well.

4 She didn't use to wear glasses.

5 Did you use re wa lk to school?

45 »)) Now listen and write six mo re sem ences.

4 LISTENING a 1)46 »)) Listen to six people talking about their memories of

school. Write./ if they li ked it , ~ if they didn 't li ke it, and'/1 if they li ked some things but nor orhers.

10 2 0 30 40 50 60 b Listen again and answer the questions.

B didn't like being at a sa me-sex school

didn't use ro study a lot, but got good grades

Who ... ?

o had a very good physics teacher o hated playing sports

o liked one school, but not another

o used to read a lot at school

c Do YOll identify w ith any of the speakers? Why? ,

5 SPEAKING

a Think about when you were in elementary or high school. Prepare you r answers to the questio ns below. Think of examples you could give.

Did you use to ... ?

be disorganized or very orga nized

be late for school o r on time

ge t a lot of homework o r a little

have a teacher you really liked

be a good o r a bad student

wear a uni for m

have a teacher you hated

have a nickname

b \Vork in g roups of three. A te ll Band C about how you used to be.

6

Band C listen a nd ask fo r more info rmation. Then change roles. Did you have anything in common?

( ~ ~:;d to be very disorganized, for example ':i:!!en left my books or my gym clothes at home.

47 ))) SONG ABC""

Online Practice

G might V word building: noun formation P diphthongs

1 GRAMMAR might

a Do you kno w anybody who is very indecis ive? What is he J she indeci sive about?

b 48 »)) Cover the dialogue and listen. \Vhar does Adrian decide in the end?

c Listen again and complete the dia logue.

Tina Hi, Adrian.

Adrian Oh. Hi, Tina.

T it's Atice's party tonight. Vou are going. aren't you? A I don't know. I'm not sure. I might , but I might

not. I can't decide. T Oh, come on. It'll be good. A lot of Alice's friends are

going to be there. You might _______ _

A Yes, that's true ... OK. I'll go then. T Great. Should we take a taxi there? A No, I'll take my car ... No, wait. It might ___ _

____ to park. Let's take a tax i,

T OK. What time should I get the taxi f or? 9:307 A Yes ... No ... Listen. I'll take my car. rH pick you up at 9:00. T Are you sure about that? A Yes, I'm sure ... I think.

d 49 »)) Adrian ca ll s Tin a later. Whar happens?

e Underline the verb phrases in the dialogue with mi811 L Do we use them fo r ... ?

I an obligation O R 2 a poss ibility

f ,... p.144 Grammar Bank lOCo Learn more about //li811t and pract ice it.

g Take turns asking and answering the questions below. Use J'm fla t sure. I mi8ht . .. and give two poss ibilities each time.

What are you goi~g ') ( I'fr} ~ot sure. I might go home or I to do after cla~ ~t go shopping. What about you?

I \Vhar are you going to do after class?

... 'l- \Vhat are you going to have fo r dinner tOnight?

3 \Vhar are you going to do on Saturday night?

4 \Vhere are you going to have lunch o n Sunday?

5 \Vhere are you going re go for your next vacation?

2 PRONUNCIATION diphthongs

a 51 »)) Listen and repea t the picture wo rd s and sounds.

b Look at the other words. Which o ne has a di fferent sound?

~ might

~ here

bu) 5

ser ious sm ile engineer

bike s ince ear where

ti1 mal

~ sure

2 fai l

6 bus

key Europe tr ai n break touri st curious

~ kno\\

$ round

3 although

7 rowel

blouse south phone won't owl borrO\\

~ near

~ row n

4 there

8 noisy

wear enjoy

chair careful bo) anno\'

c 452 »)) Listen and check.

3 SPEAKING & READING

a Interview your par tne r w ith the questionnaire. Ask for mo re info rmat io n. \Vh ich of you is more indecisive?

ARE YOU INDECISIVE? Do you have problems deciding ... ?

• what to buy when you go shopping • what to wear when you go out • what to eat at a restaurant • what to do in your free time • where t o go on vacation

Do you often change your mind about things? What kind of things? Do you think you are indecisive?

D Yes 0 No 0 I'm not sure

b Read the ar t icle carefully. Com plete it w ith sentences A-E.

A And it isn 't just in the coffee shop. B But if all this choice is bad for us, what can we do

about it~

C Buying a cup of coffee isn 't as easy as it used to be. D People often think that being able to choose from a

lot of options is a good th ing.

E Research shows that we feel happier when we have less choice.

c Do you agree that there is coo much cho ice in the fo llowing' Why (oot)'

a in supermarkets b oo TV c in clothes stores

d in coffee shops e in reStaurants

____ . Years ago there were only two kinds of coffee ­caffeinated or decaffeinated. But nowadays when you go

into a coffee shop in the US you are given about twenty different options. Do you want a cappuccino. a latte. a caramel macchiato. an Americano. or a white mocha?

____ . In big supermarkets we have to choose between thousands of products - my local supermarket has 3S different kinds of milk! When we are buying clothes or electrical gadgets. looking for a hotel on a travel website. or just deciding which TV channel to watch, we are constantly forced to choose

from hundreds of possibilities.

____ " However, university researchers have discovered that too much choice is making us feel unhappy and dissatisfied. The problem is that we have so many options that we get stressed every time we have to make a decision, because

4 VOCABULARY word building: noun formation

P Noun formation With many verbs you can make a noun by adding -ion. -sion, or -ation, e.g., decide - decision imagine - imagination Other verbs change when you form a noun, e.g., see (verb) - sight {noun}

a \Virh a partner t ry to com plere rhe chart.

Verb Noun (+ -ion, -sion, or -ation)

opt option

decide decision

imagine imagination

inform

elect

invite

organize

educate

confuse

Verb Noun (new word)

choose

live

die

succeed

b 53 ))) Listen and check. Undedine t he st ressed sy llable in rhe verbs and no uns.

we are worried about making the wrong one. Then when we choose one thing, we feel bad because we think we are missing other opportunities, and this makes us dissatisfied with what we have chosen.

4 " Professor Mark Lepper at Stanford University in the US found that people who tried six kinds of jam felt happier with their choice than those who were offered 24 to taste.

5 . Professor Lepper suggests that we should try to relax when we have to choose something to buy. "Don't take these choices too seriously or it will become stressful," he says. "If you pick a sofa from IKEA in 30 seconds, you'll feel better than if you spend hours researching sofas - because you won't know what you're missing."

Adapted from a newspaper Onl ine Practice

I

GRAMMAR

Qa,b,orc.

I Ifl ___ asnake,I'dbererrified.

a see b saw c seen 2 \Vhat ___ if a large dog attacked you?

a you would do b will you do c wou Id you do

3 I ___ that bike if! were you.

a wouldn't buy b didn't buy c won't buy 4 I ___ in this house since I was 12.

a live b lived c have lived

5 \Ve haven't seen my uncle ___ a long time.

a since b during c for

6 ___ have you had this car?

a How long b How much c How long rime

7 I ___ married for 15 years. I got divorced in 2010. a have been b am c was

8 \Vhen ___ John F. Kennedy die?

a did b has c was

9 The dishwasher in 1886.

a were invented b was invented c is invemed

10 The first book in rhe series was ___ ten years ago.

a write b wrote c written

11 The Mona Usa was painted ___ cia Vinci.

a for bby ero

12 \Vhen I was a child, I ___ have very long hair.

a use to bused ro c used

13 Jack ___ like sports when he was in school.

a don'rusero b didn't used to

c didn't use to

14 I might ___ Keiko a ring for her birthday.

a buy b to buy c buying

15 Suc ___ comc ronight. She has to work late.

a might no b nOt might c might not

VOCABULARY

a Make nouns from the verbs.

eJecr

2 decide

3 choose

4 organize __ _

5 die

6 succeed 7 imagine __ _

b ~~the word that is different.

I buttetfly goat fly Illosquiro 2 pig sheep cow lion

3 spider shark jellyfish whale 4 scared afraid frightened fear

5 math grades history biology

c Complete with a verb from the lisr in the righr form.

base design discover faH retire

1 In rhe US. most people ___ when they are 65. 2 I ___ in love for the first rime when 1 was 1 S.

3 Penicillin was ___ by Alexander Fleming in 1928. 4 The Lord DJ the Ri1l85 movies were ___ on the books

written by Tolkien.

5 The first Apple computer was ___ by Steve \Vozniak.

d ~Vrire the words for the definitions.

I k__ a wild animal that lives in Australia

2 b ___ an insect that makes honey

3 cr __ a reptile that lives in rivers in Africa and Australia

4 b a male cow

5 t ___ very afraid

6 s ___ a couple usually do this before they get divorced

7 s ___ a school subject that includes physics, chemistry, and biology

8 r ___ c__ information YOll get from your school at the end of each quarter that says how you have done

PRONUNCIATION

a @~the word with a different sound.

~ fear near wc're bear

2 ~ pho bia CO\\ sho\\ h() mework

3 at} website children spider migh t

4 ~ scared there ner vous wear

5 yu subject usually used confusion

b Underline the stressed syllable.

I gi raffe 2 e le phanr 3 be ha vior 4 re tire 5 de sign

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

a Read the article once. How did the dolphins protect the swimmers from the shark?

b Read the article again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (fa lse),

1 T he swimmers were swimm ing close to rhe beach.

2 The dolphins were doing strange things. 3 Mr. Howes and Helen were separated from the other

two swimmers.

4 One of the dolphins jumped out of the water. S Mr. Howes saw a big fish swimming around the other

two girts.

6 Mr. Howes understood that the dolphins were trying to help them.

7 T he dolphins stOpped the shark from attacking them. S In the end, the swimmers were rescued by lifeguards.

9 An expert said that dolphins often behave in this way.

e Look at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check with your teacher or with a dictionary.

Lifeguard Rob Howes, his daughter Niccy, 15, Karina Cooper, 15, and Helen Slade, 16, were swimming over 300 feet out to sea

at Ocean Beach in New Zealand when suddenly seven dolphins swam toward them.

aThey were behaving really weirdly,~ Mr. Howes said, "swimming in circles around us, and hitting the water with thei r tails.~ One

dolphin swam toward Mr. Howes and Helen, who were about 65 feet away from the other two, and was trying to push them :oward the other two girls.

aThen suddenly I saw another huge fish swimming around me and Helen ,~ said Mr. Howes. It was in fact a 9 foot4 10ng great Nhite shark .

~It was only about six feet away from us," he said. At that point, I-te realized that the dolphins "were trying to herd the four of us together to protect us."

The shark t hen went toward the other two girls. Mr. Howes was terrified, especially because one of the swimmers was his daughter.

Sut the dolphins pushed the four swimmers back together and circled around them for another 40 minutes. Mr. Howes decided !lot to tell the three girls a shark was sharing the water with them.

Fortunately, the shark f inally swam away, and the swimmers all reached the beach safely.

- 1 swim with dolphins perhaps three or four t imes a year, and have never seen them behave like that," said Mr. Howes.

However, dolphin expert Ingrid Visser said that there have been her reports from around the wor ld about dolphins protecting

swimmers. She said that, in this case, t he dolphins probably sensed :he humans were in danger and took act ion to protect t hem.

.~ VIDEO

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

454»)) O n the str eet \Vatch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

Reed Joanna

Reed has had

a arachnophobia b agoraphobia c acrophobia

Jeanna Sarah Jane Justin

for his whole life.

2 Joanna would like ro see leopards in the wild because a they have always been her favorite an imals b she saw them before on a safari and loved them c they are one of the wild animals she hasn't seen yet

3 When Jeanna was at school ___ '

a she did n't like making friends b she liked most subjects c she didn't like marh or science

4 Sarah Jane has been a teacher ___ '

a since 2006 b for 6 years c for 16 years 5 Justin loves the Empire State Building because ___ '

a he thinks it's in cxacrly the right place b he loves its height, and the view from the top c it's one of the oldest skyscrapers in New York City

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do the tasks w ith a partner. Check (v') the box if you can do t h em.

Can you ... ?

o say what you would do if..

a a dog attacked you b you won rhe lottery c you had more free time

2 0 talk about how long you have ... a lived where you are now

b had your tap tOP or computer c been at this school

3 0 describe your life story

4 0 talk about when three things were invented or bu ilt

5 0 talk about th ree th ings you used to do when you were a child

6 0 say three th ings you might do next week

.~ Short movies MarweU Wildlife VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

G expressing movement V sports, expressing movement P sports

1 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sports

a What spores can you see in the phOtos?

b 55 )) Look atthe spans in the list. How do you pronounce them in English? Listen and check. and underline the srressed syllable. Do you know the names of any other sports in Engl ish?

au lto ra lcing baselball baslket lball box ling cylcling golf hand lball holckey ruglby solceer skqing te lnnis track and field vo llleylball windlsur lfing

p Verbs with sports 1 We use play for sports with a ball, e.g., / play baseball

at school. 2 With sports ending in -ing (cycling, skiing, wind surfing, etc.),

we usually use the verb, e.g., / cycle on the weekend, or go + sport , e.g., / go cycling on the weekend.

3 We use do for martial arts, yoga, Pilates, etc., e.g., I do yoga twice a week.

c Ask and answer with a parrner. G ive and ask for as much information as you can.

SPORTS - YOU LOVE THEM OR YOU HATE THEM. • Do you do exercise or play any sports?

D Yes. What? Do you enjoy it? D No. Why not?

• Did you use to exercise or play any sports? Why did you stop? • Which sports do you think are the most exciting to watch? • Which sports do you think are the most boring? • Are you (or is anyone in your family) a fan of a sports team?

Which one? • Do you (or they) watch their games? • What is the most exciting sporting event you have ever seen?

2 VOCABULARY

Where did the ball go?

It went over the bar.

sports, expressing movement

a Put these words in the correct column. Do you know any other words connected to these sports?

bunker corner hole lane lap match point penalty serve track

golf soccer tennis track and field

b 56 ))) Listen to the sports commentaries. \Vhat are the four sports?

c Listen again and complete the sentences with one word. Then match sentences 1-4 with pictures a-d.

o The ball has gone __ rhe lake.

2 The ball has gone __ rhe bar.

3 D Now they have to run _ _ the track one marc rime.

4 D That's a very hard return, bur rhe ball has gone __ !

d >- p.162 Vocabulary Bank Expressing movement.

3 GRAMMAR expressing movement

a Complete t he sentences w ith a verb from rhe li st.

hit kick run throw

In basketball you have to the ball throu gh a ring with a basket.

2 In soccer you have co ___ the ball into a goal. 3 In tenn is you have to ___ the ball over a net.

4 In an SOD-meter race you have to ___ twice around the track.

b Look at the sentence below. Try to think of t h ree different verbs you could put in the blank, e.g., walked.

The man __ along the street until he got to the corner.

c ... p.146 Grammar Bank l1A. Learn more about expressi ng movement and practice it .

cl Look at the photos in 1. Say what rhe people arc doing.

0e's hitting the ball over the net.

4 READING & SPEAKING

a \Vhen you play a sport o r a game with fa mily o r fr iend s, how do you reac t if you lose? A re you a good or bad loser? A re a ny of your fa mily members or fri ends bad losers?

b Read the text and answer with a name. \Vhich of the bad losers ... ?

insulted the march offi cia l

2 did not wam to do h is job after the match 3 became very emotional when he couldn't take part

4 tried to h it somebody

5 sa id sorry after the event

c Read the text aga in and fi ll in t he blanks with t he prepositions in t he list .

down in out out of (x2) past

d Look at the highlighted words in the text t hat are all related to spon s. \Vith a par tner guess their meaning.

e In pairs answer the ques tions.

I \Vho do YOll thin k was rhe worsr loser?

2 \Vhose behavior do you rh ink was understandable? 3 Do YOll know any fa molls sportspeople who are bad losers?

5 WRITING a Talk to a par tner. Do you think there is toO much soccer on

TV? Why (nor)?

b ,... p.117 Writing An opinion essay. Read a model essay about sportS shows on T V, and then wri te one.

6 59 ))) SONG The Final Countdown Jj

The hardest lesson to learn in spor t s is how to lose with dignity, without blaming your defeat

on the referees or refusing to shake hands with your opponent. Here are some famous moments when losing was just t oo hard ...

In 1981 at Wimbledon a young john McEnroe was serving. The umpire said that his serve was l. __ ~ but McEnroe thought it was 2 ___ . He became furious and shouted Myou CANNOT be serious!" at the umpire. He also called the umpire "an incompetent foo!!"

In the 2003 Track and Fie ld World Championships the lOO-meter runner, jon Drummond, was disqualified for a false start. Drummond lay 3 ___ on the track and began to cry. Two hours later his coach to ld j ournalist s: MHe's still crying. We're making him drink water because he's becoming dehydrated."

In the 1982 German Grand Prix Nelson Piquet was winning the race . He was trying to pass El iseo Salazar (who was last in the race), but Salazar didn't let him go ' ___ him, and Piquet crashed into Salazar. Piquet jumped s ___ his car and started trying to hit and kick Salazar (without much success!).

South Korean soccer player Ahn Jung-Hwan scored the goal that sent Italy 6 ___ the 2002 World Cup when they beat them 2-l. But jung-Hwan also played for the Italian soccer club Perugia. After the match the president of the club, luciano Gaucci, announced that the player's contract would not be renewed. YThat gentleman will never set foot in Perugia again ," Gaucci said. "I have no intention of paying a salary to somebody who has ru ined Italian soccer." Gaucci later apologized, but Ahn jung-Hwan left the club and never went back t o an Italian club.

When England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003 by beating Australia in the last minute of the match, the Australian Prime minister. John Howard, was so angry that in the medals ceremony he almost th rew the medals at the English players. His behavior was described by a journalist as being "like an unhappy five-year-old at a birt hday party who starts throwing toys around."

Adapted from a newspaper Online Practice

G word order of phrasal verbs V phrasal verbs P linking

1 SPEAKING & READING a Answer the questions with a partner.

1 What time do you wake up during the week?

2 Do you use an alarm clock to wake up? If not, what makes you wake up?

3 Do you get up immediately after you wake up?

4 When you first get up do you feel...? a awful b a little sleepy c awake and energetic

b Read an interview with Sara Mohr-Pietsch. Match the questions and answers.

A Do you choose what you wear the night before?

B Do you have anything to eat before you go to work?

C Do you use an alarm clock to wake up?

o How do you feel when you wake up?

E How do you get to work?

F How does this affect your social life?

G WtffiHime €le yeu ~et tJj9 .. Refl ,eu'fe deiA§'! the she .. ?

H What time do you go to bed when you 're working the next day?

I Would you like to change your working hours?

c Cover the answers and look at the questions. With a partner remember her answers.

d Answer the ques tions with a partner.

Wou ld you like to work the sa me hours as the radio host?

2 In general are YOll a morning or evening person?

What 's the f irst t hing you do when

you wake up?

1 WaaUime dO_VDU get U.{L wl1!m.Jt.Pu 're doing the. show?

I get up at 4:45 a.m. and leave the house at 5:20.

'---Yes. I usaally set my radio alarm to come on at 4:30 so that I can wake up slowly as I listen to the world news. I set my phone alarm for 4:45 and leave it on the other side of the room so I have to get up to turn it off!

3 __ ~-------It depends - some mornings I feel rested and awake, but other mornings it's hard to get out of bed. It depends on the season. I find I need much more sleep in the winter.

If I'm slow to get up, then I wait until I'm in the studio before having breakfast, but most mornings I have a bowl of cereal before I leave the house.

'---That depends on the season, too. In the summer I usually wait until the morning to decide. But in the winter I often leave clothes out the night before so that I can stay in bed until the last minute!

6

A car picks me up at 5:20.

7

In the winter, any time between 8:30 and 9:30 p.m. In the summer, usually more like 9:00 to 10:00 p.m.

'---What social life? I certainly can't go out for a wild night during the week, but I'm lucky because a lot of my closest friends live near me, so I can see them in the evenings and still go to bed early.

Sometimes I think I would like to have more normal working hours, but I love my job so much that

I'd never want to give it up. The buzz of being "live" on the radio early in the morning as people start their days is really wonderful.

2 VOCABULARY phrasal verbs

a Look at some sentences from the interview, With a partner say what the highlighted phrases mean.

"I leave it on the other side of the room so I have to get up to turn it off!"

"A car picks me up at 5:20."

"I love my job so much that I'd never want to give it up."

)C) Phrasal verbs Wake up, get up, turn on / off. give up, etc., are common phrasal verbs (verbs with a preposition or adverb), Sometimes the meaning of the two separate words can help you guess the meaning of the phrasal verb, e.g., turn off. Sometimes the meaning of the two words does not help you, e.g., give up.

b Read the information box. Ca n YO ll think of a phrasal verb that means ... ?

I to try to f ind something you have lost

2 to put on clothes in a store to see if they are the r ight size

3 to have a friendly relationship (with somebody)

c > p.163 VocabuLary Bank Phrasal verbs.

3 GRAMMAR word order of phrasal verbs

a Look at the piccure and underline the object of the phrasal verb in each sentence.

Turn off the ..... alarm clock!

b Complete the ru les about separable phrasal ve rbs with tlOllrl or prOtlOutl.

I f the object of a phrasal verb is a ,you can pur it after the verb + !lp. 011, erc .. OR between rhe ve rb and lip, 0 11 , etc.

2 Ifrhe object ofa phrasal verb isa ,yOll must pur it between rhe verb and tip, Oil, etc.

c >- p.146 Grammar Bank lIB. Learn more about the word order of phrasal verbs and practice it.

4 PRONUNCIATION linking

a 4»)) Listen and write the missing words.

There's a wet rowel on the noar. Please _ _ ___ _

2 I can't concentrate with that music 011.

Please _____ _

3 If you don't know what the word mcans, ______ .

4 \Vhyhaveyou taken your coat off? ______ !

5 This book was veryexpensivc. Pleasc ______ .

6 \Vhy are you weari ng your coat in here? _____ _

b Practice saying the sentences. Try to li nk the phrasal verbs and pronouns, e.g., pick.....it.....up.

5 SPEAKING

a Read the questions in the questionnaire and think about your answers.

b \\lork in pairs. Interview you r partner with rhe questions.

PHRASAL VERB QUESTIONNAIRE

Have you ever forgotten to turn your cell phone off at a concert or the movies?

• Do you throwaway old ctothes or do you give them to other peopLe?

Do you enjoy trying on clothes when you go shopping?

• Do you often go away on the weekend? Where to?

• Before you go shopping. do you usually write down what you have to buy? Do you onLy buy what's on the List?

• Do you enjoy looking after small children? Why (not)?

• Have you ever asked your neigh bars to turn the TV or the music down? What happened?

• What's the first thing you turn on after you wake up in the morning?

Online Practice

G so, neither + auxiliaries V similarities P sentence stress, /o/ and IfJI

Some years ago, two identical twins were born in Minnesota in the US. They were adopted by two different families soon after. One brother was

adopted by a couple named Lewis in Lima. Ohio. and his brother was adopted by a couple named Springer in Day ton, Ohio. By coincidence, both boys were named "Jim" by their new parents. When Hm Lewis was six years old, he discovered that he had an identical twin brother. When he was thirty-nine. he decided to find and contact his brother. Six weeks later. he met Hm Springer in a cafe in Day ton, and they probably had a conversation something like this ...

I have a son named

Sodo!.

1 GRAMMAR so, neither + auxi liaries

a Look at the photos and describe the two men.

b Read about tbe two men and answer the questions.

I Who are Jim Springer and Jim Lewis? 2 \Vhy didn't they know each other? 3 What did Jim Lewis decide to do when he was 39? 4 How long did it take him ?

c 5 )) Cover the dialogue. Listen once. Try co remember three things they have in common.

d Listen again and fill in the blanks.

A Hi! I'm Jim. B So 1 __ 1. Great to meet you. Sit down. Are you

married, Jim? A Yes ... well, I've been married t wice. B Yeah? So 2 __ 1. Do you have any children? A I have one son. B So 3 __ 1. What's his name?

A James Alien. B That's amazing! My son's name is James AlIen, too! A Did you go to college, Jim? B No, I didn't. A Neither 4 __ I. I was a terrible student. B So 5 __ 1. Hey, this is my dog Toy. A I don't believe it! My dog's named Toy, too! B He wants to go outside. My wife usually takes him.

I don't do any exercise at aU. A Don't worry. Neither 6 __ 1. I drive everywhere. B What car do you have? A A Chevrolet. B S0 7 __ 1!

A Hey, let's go and have a hamburger, OK? B Sure. You know, l ance worked in a hamburger

restaurant. A Unbelievable! So 8 __ 1!

e \Vhich coincidence do you thi nk is the most surpr ising?

f Look at the dialogue again. Answer the questions with a partner.

Find twO phrases that the (wins use .. when they have someth ing ffi in common. when (hey have something G in common.

2 Why do you think the auxiliary verb changes?

g >- p.146 Grammar Bank lIe. Learn morc about so, neither, etc., and practice them.

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress, 101 and lel 5 LISTENING

a 7») Listen and repeat the words and sounds. -

& mother brothe r ne ither they

&: rhumb both thirty th row

b 8 ») Add four words to each row. Listen and check.

although math other there th ing thirsty through clothing

c 9 ») Listen and repeat the dia logues. Underline the stressed words. Facebook coincidence brings couple together 1 A I like tea. B Soda!.

2 A I'm tired. B Soam!.

3 A I don't smoke. B Neit her do I.

4 A I'm not hungry. B Neither am I.

d 10 ») Listen and respond. Say you're the same.

J» I take the bus to work. 0 do I.

3 SPEAKING

a Complete the sentences so they are t rue for you.

a 5 11 »)) Look atthe photo of . couple and listen ro a news srory about them . What is rhe coincidence?

b Listen aga in and answer the quest io ns.

\Vhy did Kelly Hildebrandt put her name in to Facebook?

Me Who else in the ctass? 2 \Vhat d id she discover?

3 \ \l hat did she do nex t? I love __ . (a kind of music)

I don't like __ ' (a drink) 4 \Vhat other things do they have in I'm very __ , (adjec t ive of personality) com mon?

I'm not very good at __ . (sport or activity) 5 \Vhy were they worr ied?

I'm going to __ after class. (an activity) 6 W hat do they ca ll each other?

I have to __ every day. (an obligation) 7 \Vhat problem d id (hey once have?

I don't eat __ . (a kind of food) 8 What are they defi nite ly fl at goi ng ro do?

b Move a round the class saying your sentences. For each sentence, t ry to find someone like you , and w rire dow n his o r her name. Respond to orher people's sentences. Say So do I am /, o r

c Have you ever pur your name inro G oo gle o r Facebook? Did you discover anyrhing interest ing?

Neither do I am I if you have something in commo n.

A I love heavy meta!] 0. Really? 1 hate it! 0. So do I.

4 VOCABULARY similarities

a Read about some mo re simil arities between the two Jims. Complete the tex t w ith a word fro m the list.

as both i~tical like ngither IDmilar so

b Complete the sentences about you and your family. Tell your parrner.

I I have the same col or eyes as my ___ '

2 I look like my ___ ' 3 My personality is similar to my ___ 's ,

4 My ___ . nd I both likc ___ , S llike ___ and so docs my ___ ,

6 I don 't Iike ___ and ne ither does my ___ ,

The two lims looked exactly 1 each

other when they were younger. They z ___ _

liked math and carpentry - but hated spelling.

After finishing school they had 3 jobs:

was a security guard, and Springer was a

deputy sheriff. Jim Lewis first married a

woman named Linda, and then a woman

named Betty, exactly the same names

' ____ lim Springer's first and second

wives. Even their tastes in sports are 5 ___ _

lim Springer likes baseball and 6, ___ _

does Jim Lewis. Jim Lewis doesn't like basketball

and 7 does Jim Springer. Online Practice

Time to go home

1 !E~ ROB AND JENNY TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE

a 5 12 »)) Warch or lisren ro Rob and Jenny. Mark rhe senrences T (rrue) or F (false).

I Rob is going home rod ay.

2 He says it will be difficult to stay in touch.

3 Jenny suggests that she could go (0 London. 4 Rob thinks it's a good idea.

S They're going ro a restaurant to night.

6 Barbara W<lnts to talk to Jenny.

P American and British English You just missed him = American English; You've just missed him = British English cell (phone) = American English; mobile (phone) = British English

'----

b \Vatch o r li sten again. Say why the F sentences arc fal se.

2 !E~ ON THE PHONE a 13 )) Cover the dialogue and watch or li sten.

Answer the quest ions.

1 Who does Rob wam to speak to?

2 How many rimes does he have to call?

b \Varch o r lisren again. Complere rhe You H ear phrases .

») You Hear You Say 0 Hello. Broadway Grill.

NewYork24seven. can I help you?

Just a second. I'll put you . ... Hello.

NO, I'm sorry. She's not at her right now.

Sure.

I'll give her t he -::--:-_ You could t ry her ceH phone.

I'm sorry, I can't take your at the moment.

Please ___ a message after the beep.

NewYork24seven. How can I help you?

Just a second. I'm sorry, the line's --:--:--,-,:

Do you want to hold?

Hello.

Rob, hi! I tried to call you earlier.

Oh, sorry. I have t he wrong number.

Hello. Can I speak to Barbara Keaton, please?

Hi, is that Barbara?

Can I leave a message, please?

Can you tell her Rob Walker called? I'll call back later.

Yes, I'U do that. Thank you.

Hello, Barbara. This is Rob returning your call.

Hello. It's Rob again. Can I speak to Barbara, please?

OK, I'll hold.

Hi, Barbara. It's me, Rob.

What did you want to talk about?

c 5 14») \Varch o r li sren and repea t t he You Say phrases. CQpy rhe ~thm .

d Practice the dia logues with a partner.

e In pai rs. ro le -play the dia logue.

A (book open) You are rhe Broadway Grill , the recept ion ist, erc. Yo u sta rt with Hello. Broadway Grill.

B (book closed) You wa nt to speak [Q Barba ra.

f C hange roles.

3 !E~ IN CENTRAL PARK AGAIN

a 5 15 ») Watch o r listen to Rob and Jenny. Is it a happy end ing o r a sad end ing?

b Warch or listen aga in and a nswer t he questio ns.

1 Who has so me news?

2 W hat d id Barbara offer Rob?

3 \Vhat d id Jenny do this mo rn ing?

4 W hat does Je nny ask Barbara ro do?

c Look at t he Social E ng lish ph rases. Can you remem ber any o f the m iss ing words?

d

Social English phrases Rob You first. Jenny That's great __ _

Jenny I' ll her. Jenny I'll explain __ _ Barbara Is everything ______ ? Jenny better.

16 )) \Va rch o r lis ten a nd complete the phrases.

e \Vatch or lisren again and repeat the phrases. How do you say t hem in your lang uage?

Can you ... ?

D call somebody and say who you are / who you want to talk to

D leave a message for somebody

o respond to news

On line Practice ..

AUSTRALIA

G past perfect V verb phrases P contractions: had / hadn't

In Sydney, early in the morning, some swimmers were taking a swim in an outdoor swimming pool that was very close to the

ocean. The swimmers were very surprised when suddenly the pool assistants started shouting -Get out of the water ! Quickly! " The swimmers immediately got out. Then they realized that there was a shark at the other end! Fortunately none of the swimmers were hurt and the shark was caught in a net and put back into the ocean.

1 READING & SPEAKING

ENGLAND

Security guards at Stansted Airport were amazed when they saw a dog

getting off a train and walking on its own toward the airport terminal. They caught the dog and took it to the police. Thanks to a microchip in its neck, they discovered that its name was Diesel and that it belonged to a woman named Sarah Chapman, who lived in London, 31 miles away. Sarah had g'One on vacation for a few days and had left Diesel with some friends.

It had then gotten on a train and had traveled 31 miles to Stansted Airport, changing trains on the way. Sarah said: "I'm sure Diesel went to the airport to look for me!"

Because a shark had come into the pool.

a Read the scori es and look at the pictures. Fill in the blanks wi th one of the sentences below.

b M atch verbs 1- 10 w ith phrases A- J.

AUSTRALIA

1 The shark had already attacked three people.

2 A large wave had carried the shark into the pool during the night.

ENGLAND

3 Unfortunately, the dog had bitten one of her friends.

4 The dog had run away and had gone to the local train station.

THEUS

5 The robber thought he had taken bags worth a lot of money.

6 The robber had taken money from armored cars before.

SWEDEN

7 The woman had gotten confused at the check·in desk.

S The woman had left her passport at home.

[H] ge t into ' out of

2 D ge t on / off

3 0 knock someone

4 0 realize

5 0 pur the luggage

6 D goon

7 D take

8 0 leave the dog

9 ~ chase someone

10 :::J belong to

A on the belt

B a swim

C vacat ion

o down the street

E our

F a train

G a woman

H rhe-·sw+mmi-ng··pool

I with friends

that there was a shark in the pool

A33-year-o'd Providence, Rhode Island man was arrested for

knocking out the dri ver of an

armored car and taking four bags ofmonel:! . However, each ofthe bags contained only $800 in pennies. The money bags each weighed 30 pounds, and the y slowed the

man down as he tried to get away. When police officers arrived at t he s cene, they chased the

robber down the street and easily caught him with the heav y

money bags.

SWEDEN

Airport workers in the luggage area at Arlanda Airport in Sweden were surprised to see an old lady Sitt ing on the

luggage belt next to her suitcase. She had put her luggage on the belt and then had sat down on the belt herself. A spokesman at Stockholm's Arland a Ai rport said

"Unfortunately. she did not understand when she was given check-in instructions. She got on the belt together with her bag. Luckily, it wasn't a long ride - only a few feet.n

2 GRAMMAR past perfect

a Look at these high lighted ve rbs fro l11 the Australia sto ry. A nswer t he question s.

A Then they realized that there was a shark at the other end !

B A large wave had carried the shark into the pool during the night.

I Which act ion happened first. A or B?

2 W hat are the twO parrs o f the verb in sentence B?

b Look at the other th ree stories aga in (includ in g the miss ing semences) and underline examples ofltad + past part ici ple. Did t hese act io ns happen befo re o r after the ma i n parr o f the story?

c >- p.148 Grammar Bank 12A. Lea rn mo re about the past perfec t a nd practice it .

cl Complete the followi ng sentences in your own words. Use the past perfec t.

W hen J got to the check-i n desk, I suddenly rea lized tha t .. .

2 When we arr ived back from our vaca tion. we found thar. ..

3 When the movie sta rred , I rea lized immediately that .. .

4 I couldn't answer any o f the exam questions because I . . .

5 We spent 20 mi nutes in the parking lot looking for the car because we couldn't remember . .

e Compare w ith a partner. Are your sen tences the same o r diffe renr?

f Work w irh a partner. A reread the story abo ut Australia , B reread the sto ry abo ut the US . Underline the key wo rds and evems. Then A (books closed) rerell the sto ry in your own words. B (books o pen) help A when necessa ry. Then change.

3 PRONUNCIATION cont ract ions: had / hadn't

P Contractions: past perfect In conversation we often contract had in the past perfect after a subject pronoun (I, you, etc.), e.g.,

When I got to the airport, I realized that I'd forgotten my passport.

I suddenly remembered that we hadn't told Sue about the party.

cl 5 18 ») Listen and w rite six pas r per fect sentences. T hen pract ice say ing the senrences.

b ~ Communication What had happened? A p.l04 B p.109. Try to guess your par tner's sentences.

4 LISTENING

a 19 ») Listen to ano ther news sto ry. Then number the events in order.

o Joey atracked her.

o Joey sat o n her place.

D Joey wenr to sleep.

D Kar ie came home from work .

o Kacie met her neighbor.

b \Virh a partner, rry to guess what you th ink had happened.

c 520 ») Now listen and find o ut what had happened. Had anybody guessed right?

Online Practice ..

..

G reported speech V say or tell? P double consonants

1 SPEAKING & LISTENING

a Read rhe dictionary definition and then answer the ques tion s with a partner.

gossip I'gos;)p/ (v and n) to talk aball[ other people, especially their private life

\Vhar kind of people gossip more?

a people in cities or people in 5111all towns

b young people or o ld people

c men or women

2 \Vha do people most often gossip about?

a their ncighbors

b people at work or school

c celebrities

3 Do you have any friends who gossip a lot?

4 How do you feel when people gossip abollt)'ou?

b §,l21 1}) Listen [Q a conversat ion between Rosemary and Iris. What has happened [Q

Jack and Emma? Listen again and answer the questions.

c

Jack and Emma are the woman's ...

a Ilc ighbors. b friends. c ch ildren.

2 Rosemary thi n ks she heard them having.

a a conversation. b a party. c an argumem.

3 According ro Rosemary, Emmasaid she was ...

a seeing anorher man. b looking for a new job. c going to stay with her mother.

4 She said she had ..

a left the dog wi th a neighbor. b left the children wi th her sister. c left the dinner in the microwave.

S Iris is go ing ro ...

a rei l her husba nd. b tell her fa mily. c tell another neighbor.

22 ») ow listen to what Jack a nd Emma really sa id las t night. \Vas Rosemary right about everythi ng?

She told

2 GRAMMAR reported speech

a Look at some extracts from the conversations. Compare what Em ma said (direct speech) with what Rosemary says that she sa id (reponed speech). Underl ine the words that are different in the highlighted repotted speech.

1 What Emma said I'm going to stay with my mom.

I won't co me back ...

I've taken the ch ild ren to my sister ...

2 What Rosemary and Iris said

She said that she was going to stay with her morher! She told him that she wouldn't come back.

Ooh , how awful. What about the chi ldren ?

She said she'd taken them to her siste r.

b ,... p.148 Grammar Bank 128. Learn more about reported speech and practice it.

c 24 )) Listen to some sentences in direct speech. Say them in reported speech. Begin with He said ... o r She said ...

») I'm in a hurry. 0he said that she was in a hurry.

») I'll write. 0e said that he would write.

3 VOCABULARY say or tell?

Complete rhe senrences w ith the right fo rm of say or tell.

1 " [ havea problem ," A nnic __ .

2 Annie __ us that she had a p ro blem .

3 Lisa __ that she was leavi ng he r husband.

4 He the teacher that he had left hiS hom ework at home.

5 H is teacher that h e d idn 't believe h llll.

6 Ca n YO ll __ Mark that I can 't mee t h im to night?

7 W hat d id YOll __ to her?

8 When I was a chi ld , my m othe r used fO __ us no t to __ hello re people we did n't know,

4 SPEAKING

a Wo rk in pairs. A tell your pa rtner t he following. B Listen a nd take no tes. Then change ro les .

something about your parents or grandparents a place you have been to

som eth ing that you 're p lanning to do in the summer

som eth ing that you did last weekend

The information can be true or invented, but it must be interes ting!

b C hange pa rtners. Tcll panner 2 what pa rtner I sa id. Decide together whether you think your previous pa rtners were telling the truth o r had invented the information.

He told me (that)~ He said (that)~

5 PRONUNCIATION double consonants-

a Look at five groups of words. Match each group to a vowel sound .

401 -o 'm-:) "H a gossip co llege dolla r botrie robber

b luggage funny runner summcr burrerfly

c wrirrcn miss birren d iffe rent midd le

d happy married cabbage rabbit baggage

e letter better message umbrella tennis

b 5 25 )) Listen a nd check.

P Double consonants The vowel sound before a double consonant is normally short when it is t he stressed syllable, e.g., gossip 0 , luggage ,written , happy .. iC , and let ter ,1.: .

Double consonants are pronounced t he same as single consonants.

c How do you think you pronounce the words below? C heck the pronunciation and mea ning with your d ictionary.

kettle waffle pottery slippers supper

6 READING

HERE'S A SECRET: Gossip might be good for you We aLL enjoy gossiping about people we know, although sometimes we might feel guilty about it afterward. However, new research shows that gossiping might be good for us.

Professor McAndrew, a professor of psychology, believes that gossiping is in our genes, and we feeL pLeasure when we share interesting information. McAndrew says that gossiping is a SOCial skill, and we need to learn to do it weLL According to the professor, gossip can be a positive thing when people use it to build connections with other people in their sociaL group. But it can be a negative thing when somebody gossips about another person only to make themselves feel more important in the group.

Professor McAndrew's research aLso showed that people were happy to pass on good news but only if it was about a friend. They also enjoyed passing on negative information about other people when it was about somebody they disliked. i Another thing that the new study showed ..,

< was that men and women gossip differently. /l)

In generaL, the men in the study shared gossip g "­with their wives or girLfriends, but not with their ~

male friends . Women however, gossi ped with 0..

il both part ners and friends. .....

a Read the a rticle and ma rk the sentences T (true) at F (fal se).

1 \Ve sometimes feel bad after we gossip. 2 Professor McAndrew says that we are

programmed ro gossip.

3 Gossiping can be good or bad - it depends on why we do it.

4 People enjoy sharing bad news about people they like.

S Men gossip with t heir fr iends more than with their family.

b Look at the highlighted words and phrases. \Vith a partner, guess t heir meaning.

c Do you agree with what the anicle says about the way men and women gossip?

7 526 ))) SONG I Heard It Th rough the Grapevine Jj

Online Practice

G questions without auxitiaries V review Preview

1 GRAMMAR questions without auxiliaries

a \Vit h a partner, see how many of the qui z questions you can answer from memory.

b Now try to fi nd the answers you couldn't remember in Files 1- 11.

c Look at 1 and 2 in the qu iz. A nswer these quest ions.

I How is question I di f fe rent f rom quest ion 2?

2 \Vhar is rhe subject of the verb in question I ?

3 \Vhat is the subject ofrhe verb in question 2?

4 \Vhich other questions in the quiz are sim ilar grammatically to question I ?

d >- p.148 Grammar Bank 12C. Lea rn more abour quest ions w irhour auxiliaries and pract ice them.

Who painted that picture?

I can't remember.

1 Who painted Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy?

2 How did Caroline de Bendern lose a fortune?

3 Which airport in Asia has a pet hotel?

4 What does boy toy mean?

5 Whose wedding dress did Lindka Cierach design?

6 What vitamin does sunlight produce?

7 Who plays Dr. House in the series House, M.D.?

8 What did Captain Edward Murphy give his name to?

9 How many natural disasters did Mr. and Mrs. Svanstrom experience on their around­the-world trip?

10 Who wrote the short story Girl?

11 Which singer made reggae popular all over the world?

12 Who invented the dishwasher, a man or a woman?

13 Who could never find his things when he was a child?

14 Who shouted ~You CANNOT be serious!" at a tennis umpire at Wimbledon?

15 What is Keliy Hildebrandt's husband named?

2 WRITING & SPEAKING a ~ Communication General knowledge quiz A p.lOS

B p.lIO. First write the quest ions. Then ask them to

your panner.

b \Virh a panner, make your own quiz. Write two questions with or withour auxiliaries for each category. Make sure yOtl know the answers!

c Ask your questions co another pair.

HISTORY

MUSIC

SCIENCE

ART

MOVIES

Online Practice

GRAMMAR

~~a,b,orc. I The golfball ___ the hole, and

everybody cheered.

a went on b went c went into

2 The door opened a nd two men ___ '

a came our b came out of c our

3 Your rowel's on the floor.

a Pick up ir b Pick up c Pick it up

4 I've lost my keys. Can you help me ___ '

a look them for b look for them c look after them

5 A I love rraveling. B ___ '

a Sodo l b eirherdoI c Seam l

6 A I can't do this exercise. B ___ .

a So can I b Neither can't I c Neither can I

7 A I went to the movies last night. B ___ ' \Vhar d id you see?

a So wem I b $0 I did c So did I

8 I was too late, and when I got to the train station,

a rhe train has left b rhe rrain had left c rhe train left

9 When we got to the airporr. we remembered that wc ___ all the windows in our hOllse.

a hadn't closed b didn't close c haven'r closed

10 Alicia told me that ShC ___ fO marry Berro.

a wants b want c wanted

11 Kevin said he ___ back in ten minuces.

a would be b was c will be

12 My grandfather ___ that he had worked in a factory when he was young.

a said us b told c told us 13 \Vho ___ in rhe house next door?

a lives b live c does live 14 \Vhere ___ thatdress?

a you bought b bought you c did YOll buy 15 How many people ___ to go on the

excursion?

a do want b does want c want

VOCABULARY

a Complete with a word from the list.

along down into off out back past toward through up

I \Ve drove a lot of runnels on our way to New York City.

2 \Vhen ir sta rted to rain, we went a cafe to wait umil it stopped.

3 She walked ___ the street, looking in all the store windows.

4 W hen the dog started running ___ me, I was terrified.

5 Go ___ the gas station. and it's the next turn on the right.

6 You have to rake ___ your shoes before go ing into the temple.

7 If you don't know the meaning of a word. look it ___ in rhe on line dict ionary.

8 Can you rurn ___ the heat? It 's very hot in here.

9 If you don't like the jacket, take it ___ to the store.

10 Can you find ___ what time the movie ends?

b Compic!c the missing words.

l Julia and Jane are i ___ twins.

2 I live on rhe same Street a ___ my sister.

3 Her new novel is very s ___ to her lasr one.

4 Dave isn't very tall. and n ___ is his son.

5 My parents b love classicall11l1sic.

c Complete the phrases with a verb frol11 the li st.

do get give go leave look put take tell turn

___ skii ng 6 ___ up the music

2 ___ on your coat 7 aswlm

3 ___ me a story 8 ___ offrhetrain

4 ___ forward to something 9 ___ up smok ing

5 ___ you r dog with friends 10 karate

PRONUNCIATION

a @~ the word with a different sound .

[[)] luggage t ugby summer put

2 ~ ... fi nd written middle fill

3 l!J arou nd do\\ n through OUt

4 &: neither th row noth ing both

5 t gossip together message negative

b Underl ine rhe stressed syllable.

1 wind sur ring 2 to ward 3 for ward 4 si mi lar 5 di fferenr

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

a Read the a rticle once. What was the a maz ing coincidence?

b Read the art icle aga in a nd number the events in the order they happened

o Their daughter was bo rn .

o They both had a hea rt operation in the same hospita l.

o Alisrair had anOther heart operation.

o They got married.

o They discovered that they had been in the sa me hospital twenty yea rs earl ier.

o They discovered they had the sa me heart problem.

o They met at a swimm ing pool. o Alistair asked Alison to ma rry him .

e Look at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. G uess their meaning fro m the conrexr. C heck with your teacher o r w ith a d ictionary.

When Suzanne met Alistair Cotton at a swimming pool in 1995, they were amazed to discover that they both suffe red f rom the same extremely rare heart ...

condit ion. They started going out together and fe ll in love, but several months later, they discovered an even bigger coinci dence .

Almost twenty years earlier when they were child ren (Suzanne was seven and Alistair was fourteen), they had both had a lifesaving heart operation in the same hospital, on t he sa me day, performed by the same heart surgeon . After t hei r operat ions, they had spent several days recovering in the same hospital ward (although they have no memories of seei ng or speaking to each ot her.) They certainly had no idea that twenty years later they would meet and fall in love with the child in the next bed. Suzan ne, now 43, sai d, "We were very shocked by the coincidence, We were obviously destined to be together."

Al istair co nt inued to have difficulties wi th his heart, and he had to have another major heart operation. As soon as he woke up after the operation, he proposed to Suzanne, and the coup le got marr ied in 2002.

The following year, Suzanne became pregnant, and baby Hanna h was born in 2004 and is now a happy, healthy child who shows no signs of having inherited any heart problems from her parents, Suzanne sa id, "Many heart patients can't have ch i ld ren or their chi ld ren are bor n with heart problems themselves, so for our amazing story to have such a happy endi ng is just wonde rful."

Adapted from a newspaper

!j CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

5 28») On the street \Vatch o r listen ro five people and answer the quest ions.

The twins that James knows __

a have very similar personalities b are very similar in appearance c have the sa me appearance and personality

2 Ruth doesn't mind losing when ___ '

a the person who wins is ben cr than she is b she has rea lly enjoyed rhe game c she thin ks she hasn't played ve ry well

3 The sport Justin doesn't play anymore is ___ '

a baskerball b soccer c baseball 4 Andy __ ,

a was an evening person in the pas t b was a morn ing person in the pase c has never been good in the morning

S Ahson thi nks that

a women goss ip more than men b men gossip more than women c men and women both gossip

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

Do the tasks with a partner, C heck (.I ) rhe box if you can do them.

Can you ... ?

1 0 describe three things that you have to do in cerrain sports using a ve rb and a preposition of movement

2 0 make true sentences with take off, fum d OW II, and look after

3 0 say true things about you - your partner responds with so (alii I, etc.) and neither (do I, etc ,)

4 0 continue these sentences with the pas t perfec t:

a I gOt ro the train station, but ... b \Vhen I saw him, I was surpri sed because ...

S 0 report two things that somebody sa id [0 YOll

yesterday using said or told me

6 0 ask your partner three <jues tions without an auxiliary ve rb beginning with W1Io, How many,

and Wli ich

.tiIII Short movies Sports in New Zealand VIOEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

On line Practice

•

100

Communication

lA WHAT'S HIS NAME? HOW DO YOU SPELL IT? Student A

~' .,..~, .; ~- ~ . -'- . . ' .. . -' • _./,_ fill .-

1 Jesslca 2 _ _ Hughes 3 Bethany _ _

4 Dlxon I 5 Abigail _ _ I 6 __ Kelly

a Ask B questions co complete the miss ing in formatio n.

~hoto 1 - What 's her last name? How do you spell it?

b A nswer B 's questio ns.

P Asking for repetition If you don't hear or understand somebody, you can say: Sorry? Can you say that again? Can you repeat that?

1B ALEXANDER AND OLlVER Student A

a Ask B ques tions and complete the chart for O live r.

b Answer B's q uestio ns about Alexa nder.

1C DESCRIBE AND DRAW Student A

a Look at YOU f pain t ing for a minute.

b Describe your painting for B to d raw.

c Lis ten to B descr ibing h is I her painting. Try to d raw it. Don't look at it. Ask B ques tions to help you.

d Now compare your d raw i ngs with the or iginal painrings. Are they si mila r?

2B AT, IN, ON Student A

a Ask B your questio ns.

I \Vhen were you born?

2 W here do you usually have breakfast?

3 W hat t ime do YOll usually have lunch?

4 What days of rhe week do YOll usually go out in the even ing?

5 \Vhar rime of day do you usually do your English homework?

6 \Vhen do you usually ta ke a vacat ion?

7 \Vhere do you usually li sten to music?

8 When's your birthday?

b Answcr B 's qucs tio ns us ing at, in, o r on . Ask W hat about y ou? fo r each ques tion .

2C HAPPY ENDING Why d id n't Han nah see the man who was crossi ng rhe st reet?

2 Who was the man?

3 Why did he c ross wi tho ut looking?

4 W here d id they go after chat?

5 What did they order?

6 W hy was Ja mie on Bridge St reet?

7 W hat and when was the concen? 8 W hat was special a bout the day?

lA WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS? Student A

a Ask B your ques t ion s using gOill(J to. Ask for more informat io n.

What I you ! do after class?

What rime! you I get up tomor row?

W here I YOll I have lunch romor row?

W hat I you J do on Saturday night?

W here I you I go fo r you r nex t vacat ion?

I yo u / srudy English next yea r?

b Answer 8 's quest ions. G ive more informat ion.

lC WHAT'S THE WORD? Student A

a Look at the six words or phrases on your card . Th ink fo r a mi nute how you a re go ing to def ine them.

eJiJJ . . , !'

photo

go sightseeing [verb)

p lazy sneakers

Arrivals passenger

b You have two minutes to communicate your words to B . Remember you can't use any part o r form of the words on the card .

c Now listen to 8 's defini tions. Try to guess the words.

4A HAS HE DONE IT YET? Students A+S

Look at the pic ture for one m inute and try to remember what's in it. T hen go to p. 1 02.

SA HOW FAST IS YOUR LIFE? Students A+S

Check your partner's score and tell hi m o r her. Then read to see what it mea ns.

How to score: 1 point for never 2 points for sometimes 3 points for often

Is your score between 6 and 9? You are living life in the slow lane. Compared to most people, you take things easy and don't get stressed by modern-day living. You are patient, relaxed, and easygoing. Most of the time this is good news, but sometimes it can be a problem. For example, are you sometimes late for appointments?

Is your score between 10 and 14? You have a medium pace of life. You are probably somebody who can change the speed at which you live depending on the situation.

Is your score between 15 and 18? You are living life in the fast lane, rushing around and trying to do many different activities and projects at the same time. You are impatient and you find it difficult to relax. You are probably very productive, but your relationships and health could suffer as a result.

Adapted from Richard Wiseman 's Quirkolo8.Y lI'ebsire

101

102

Communication

4A HAS HE DONE IT YET? Students A+B

a \Vork individually. Look at the list o f things Max a lways does every morning. Has he a lready done them? Try ro remember what was in rhe picture. \Vrire sentences.

He's already made the bed. OR He IIasII 't Ill ade the bed )'et.

• make the bed • wash his coffee cups • clean up his desk • pick up his towel • take the dog for a walk • turn off his computer • put his clot hes in the closet

• take a shower • have breakfast

b Work in pairs. Compare your sentences with your parrner. Are they the same? Then go back ro p.1 0 I and compare your sentences with rhe picture. Were you right?

68 I'LL GAME Students A+B

Play the game.

FiNiSH

58 THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student A

a Read about what happened when Tim used rhe three tes ts in London. Try to remember the information.

London The photo test I was near Charring (ross station. I stopped a man who was walking pretty slowly down the street, and I said, "Excuse me, could you take my photo?" The man said, "No, no, no time for that," and just continued walking. Then I asked a business man in a gray suit who was walking toward the train station. He took one photo, but when I asked him to take another one, he walked away qUickly.

The shopping test I went to a souvenir store on Oxford Street, and I bought a key ring and a red bus. The red bus was very expensive. The total price was Forty pounds. I gave the man a hundred pounds. He gave me Sixty pounds bac!_

The accident test For th is test, I went down into the Tube (the London Underground). As I went down the stairs, I fell down and sat on the floor. A man immediately stopped and looked down at me. I thought he was going to help me, but he didn't-he just said, "Why don't you look where you're going?"

b In your ow n words, reil Band C whar happened in London.

0rst he used the photo test...

c Listen ro B and C tell you what happened in Pa ri s and Rome.

d Togerher decide which of the ciries is the friendliest so far.

6e DREAMS Student A

a Last night, you dreamed about these things. Prepare to tell B about your dream.

b B is a psychoanalys t. Tell him I her about your dream. He I she will tell you what it means.

0st night, I dreamed about a river ...

c Change roles. Now you are a psychoanalyse. Listen to 8'5 dream. Number the things below in the o rder he I she talks about them .

o Ice cream - you will get some money (from the lonery or from a relati ve) .

o Long hair - you want to be free. Maybe you have problems w ith your family or a partner.

D A key -yoll have a problem and YOll are looking for a solution .

C People speaking other languages - YO ll

think your life is boring and you would like to have a morc exci ting life.

D Traveli ng by b us - you are worried about a person who is conrrollingyour li fe.

d Now use the information in c ro inrerpret B 's dream.

P Usefu l language First, you dreamed about... This tells me that ... This means you are going to ... This represents ...

7A HOW TO ... Student A

a Read the art icle How to survive at a party. Then without looking at the text, tell B the five tips. When you fini sh, decide with B which is the most importa nr tip.

How to . •. Survive at a Party (when you don't know anybody)

o Don't stand in the corner. You need to be positive. Find somebody you think you wouLd like to taLk to and introduce yourseLf. o Try to ask impersonaL questions like ~Ilove your bag. Where did you get it?~ This wiLL heLp to start a conversation. o Don't dominate the conversation . When you are nervous, it's very easy to taLk about yourseLf aLL the time. Nobody wants to listen to your life story when they have just met you for the first time. o SmiLe! Use your body Language to give a positive, friendLy impression. o If you need to escape from a reaLLy boring person, say that you are going to get a drink or that you need to go to the bathroom. Don't come back!

b B w ill tell you five tips fo r How to survive a fi r st date. Listen, .... and when he or she fini shes, decide together which is the most

important tip.

BA WHAT SHOULD I DO? Student A

a Read problem I to B. He / she w ill give you some advice.

Problems 1 'don't know what to get my boyfriend / girlfriend for his / her

birthday. It's tomorrow! 2 I have problems going to sleep at night. 3 My children want a dog, but my husband / wife is allergic

to animals. 4 My neighbor's dog barks all the time. and it's driving me crazy! 5 My laptop isn't working well - it's very slow.

b Thank B and say:

That's a good idea. OR Thanks, bur that 's nor a very good idea because . ..

c Now listen to 8 's problem 1. G ive him / her advice. Begin with o ne ofrhe phrases below.

I think you should... You should n·t. .. I don't ch ink you should .

d Continue w ith problems 2- 5 .

103

104

Communication

BC READING DIALOGUE Students A+B

a Work with a partner. Fi rst pract ice saying rhe names.

Hartley "hortli' Vivienne 'VIVi:ln'

the Montgomerys 'mon'gAmcriz Heloise /du'iz.,

b Act out the d ia logue. Use the adverbs in parentheses to help you, a nd remem ber to pause at the commas.

H (anxiously) Vivienne, you didn't answer my last letter. It took me a week to find your new address! Why didn't you answer me? You knew I was waiting to see you and hear from you.

V (slowly) Mr. Hartley, I don't know what to say to you. I understand all the advantages of your offer, and sometimes I feel sure that I could be happy with you. But then sometimes I am less sure. I was born a cit y girl, and I am not sure that I would enjoy living a quiet life in the suburbs.

H My dear girl, you will have everything that you want. You can come to the city for the theater, for shopping, and to visit your friends as often as you want. You can trust me, can't you?

V {seriously} I trust you completely. I know you are the kindest of men, and that the girl who you get will be very lucky. I heard all about you when I was at the Montgomerys'.

H Ah! I remember so well the evening I f irst saw you at the Montgomerys'. I will never forget that dinner. Come on, Vivienne, promise me. I want you. Nobody else will ever give you such a happy home. (suspiciously) Tell me, Vivienne, is there - is there someone else?

V (defensively) You shouldn't ask that, Mr. Hartley. But I will tell you. There § one other person - but I haven't promised him anything.

H (masterfully) Vivienne, you must be mine. V (calmly) Do you think f or one moment that I could come to

your home while Heloise is there?

c C ha nge roles.

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student A

a Look at the odd numbered sentences (1, 3, S, 7, 9, and 11 ) and thi n k of rhe missing verb (!±I = affirmat ive verb, B = negat ive ve rb). Don't w rite any thing yet!

Diana was very angry because her husband ___ the di nner. El

2 We went back to see rhe house where we had lived when wc were ch ildren .

3 He cou ldn't catch the plane because he ___ his passport. [±]

4 The house was very di n y because nobody had cleaned it for a long t ime.

S We went back to rhe hotel where we on our honeymoon.[±]

6 The crocodi le was hungry because it hadn't eaten anythi ng fo r two days.

7 After I left the sto re, I suddenly re membered that I ___ for the jacket. El

8 I ran to the train stat ion , but the last t rain had left.

9 Naom i was surpr ised to hear that she ___ the exam. [±]

10 I did n't wantto lend Ma r ia the book because I hadn't r ea d it.

11 Jack was angry because 1 ___ h im co my parry. El 12 They gO[ co rhe movie th eater late, and the movie had

s tarted.

b Read sentence 1 to B.l fit's not right, t ry agai n unr il B tells you "That's r igh t." T h en w rite in t he verb.

c listen to B say sentence 2. [f it's the same as 2 above, say "That's right." If not, say "Try aga in" until B gets it right .

d Conti nue taking tu rns w it h sentences 3-12.

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Student A

Inthe city

a Read the answers to In the city.

b Tell Band C the right an swers and w hy rhe orher o nes are wrong.

c Listen to B and C tell you about the orher section s (In the country and In the water). C heck your answers.

The answer is b. Dogs like to attack any part of you that is moving, usually hands or arms. It is also dangerous to turn your back on the dog. You shouldn't look the dog in its eyes because this will make him angry. Shouting"down" o r "go away" at the dog will not work because dogs usually only react to their master's voice.

2 The answer is a . Bees will usually fly out of an open window. but don't wave your hands around as bees follow movement and might try to s ting you. And you shouldn't hit the bee because this will make the bee very angry. Of course, as soon as you can you should s to p the car and open the doors .

lOA PASSIVES QUIZ Student A

a Complete your semences with the verb in rhe passive and rhe r ight answer.

Unti l 1664 ew York __ (ca ll )

a New Amsterdam b New Hampshire c New Liberty

2 The Star Wars movies __ (direct) by .. . a George Lucas b 5 reven Spielberg c Stan ley Kubrick

3 The noun rhar __ (use) m OSt frequendy in conversation is ..

a money b rime c wo rk

4 Penguins __ {find) ...

a at the South Pole b at rhe Norrh Pole c inAlaska

5 The Italian f lag __ (des ign) by ... a Garibaldi b Mussolini c apolcon

6 The first cell phones __ (sell) in .. .

a 1963 b 1973 c 1983

7 The politician \Vinsron C hurch ill __ (born). "

a on a train b in a rcstroom C under a br idge

8 The electric chair __ (invent) by ... a a tcacher b a dentist c a politician

b Read your sentences to B . B w ill tell you i f you arc right,

c Now listen to B 's sentences. Say if he I she is right .

B'sanswers

I The Smartphone was invented by IBM .

2 The Lord of the Riflgs movies were directed by Peter Jackson.

3 The book that is srole n most o ften from libraries is Th e G llill11ess Book of n ecords.

4 In the world. 16,000 babies are born every hour.

S Chess was invemed by the C hinese.

6 The first Levi jeans were worn by miners.

7 Soccer was first played by the British.

S In 1962 , the original London Bridge was bought by a rich American.

l2C GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Student A

a Com plete your questio ns w ith the ve rb in pa rentheses in the s imple past.

\Vho ___ the barrle of \Vaterloo in ISIS? (lose)

a Duke of Wellington b Bismarck c Napoleon

2 \Vhich Span ish act ress ___ an Oscar in 2006? (win)

a Penelope C ruz b Sa lma Hayek c Cameron Diaz

3 W ho ___ the mov ie Avatar? (direc t)

a Steven Spielberg b James Cameron c Ridley Scon

4 \Vhich Formu la I d river ___ in 2007, but retu rned to raci ng in 20 1O? (retire)

a Fernando Alonso b Michae1 Schumacher c Sebastian Ven el

5 \Vhich Ro man Emperor ___ ." came I saw I conquered?" (say)

a Augusrus b Nero c Julius Caesar

6 Who ___ the world record for the 100· and 200· meter race at the Beijing Olympics? (break)

a Usain Bolt b Carl Lewis c M ichael Johnson

7 \Vhich painter ___ off parr of his ear? (cut)

a Picasso b Van Gogh c Mat isse

8 \Vho ___ penicilli n? (discover)

a A lexander Fleming b James Warson c T ho mas Edison

bAsk B your ques tio ns. G ive your pa rtner one po int fo r each correct answer.

c Answer B's questions. \Vho go t t he most right answers?

105

106

Communication

lA WHAT'S HIS NAME? HOW DO YOU SPELL IT? Student B

a Answer A's ques tions.

b Ask A ques tions to comple te the missing informat ion.

~hoto 1 - What's her first name? How do you spell it?

P Asking for repet ition If you don't hear or understand somebody, you can say: Sorry? Can you say that again? Can you repeat that?

1B ALEXANDER AND OLlVER Student B

a Answer A's questions about Oliver.

What / do?

What / like?

b Ask A ques tion s and complete rhe chart for A lexander.

1C DESCRIBE AND DRAW Student B

a Look at your painting for a minute.

b Listen ro A describing his I her pa inring. Try to draw it. Don't look at it. Ask A questions to help you.

c Now describe your paiming for A to d raw.

d Compare your drawi ngs with the or iginal pai ntings. Are they si milar?

2B AT, IN, ON Student B

a A nswer A's ques tions using at, in, or on . Ask What about you? for each question.

b Ask A your questions.

\Vhere were you born?

2 \Vhat time do you usually get up during the week?

3 \Vhere do you usually have lunch?

4 \Vhat time of day do you usually meet fri ends?

5 V/hen do you usually go shopping? 6 Where do you usually do your English homework? 7 V/hen do you do housework?

8 \Vhere can YOll rake a n ice wa lk near where you live?

3A WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS? Student B 58 THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student B

a Answer A's questions. G ive more information. a Read about what happened when Tim used the three rests in Paris. Try to remember the information.

b Ask A your questions lI s ing[joill[j to. Ask for more information.

I you f go our this even ing? \Vhar I you I have for d inner ronight? What I you I wear tomorrow? I yo u I go anywhere next weekend ? \Vhar I you I do next sli m mer?

Paris The photo test

When I you / do your English homework?

I was standing in front of the Eiffel Tower and I asked some gardeners to take some photos of me. They couldn't stop laughing when they saw my hat, but they took the photos.

The shopping test

3C WHAT'S THE WORD? Student B I bought some fruit in a grocery store. 1 gave the man a lot of euro co ins and he care f ul ly took t he exact amount . a Look at the six words o r phrases on your card. Think

for a minute how you arc going to define them . The accident test

a painting

- ----"'L.I<;;;I--I'$ · · · _ _ z

book a flight (verb)

• T~

generous

Check-in

shorts

a nurse'" -

I fell down in the Champs Elysees. The street was very busy, but after a minute someone stopped and said to me, "Are you OK?" He was Scottish!

b Listen to A tell you what happened in London.

c In your ow n words, tell A a nd C what happened in Par is.

0rst, he used the photo test...

d Listen to C te ll you what happened in Rome. b Listen to A's definitions. Try to guess the words.

e Together decide which of the cities is the fr iend lies t so far. c You have two minutes to communica te your words

to A. Remember you ca n 't use any part or fo rm of the words on the card.

7A HOW TO .•. Student B a Read the article How to survive a

fi r st d a t e .

b A wi ll te ll you five tips for H ow to survive at a party. Listen, and when he or she fini shes, decide rogether which is the most important tip.

c Look aga in quick ly at How to survive a firs t d a t e. Then without looking at the tex t, tell A the five rips. When you fin ish, decide with A which is the most imporra nt tip.

{ How to ... Survive a First Date (and make a success of it) o Think carefully about what to wear for the date. If you are a man, try to

dress stylishLy but casually {no suits!}. If you are a woman, it's important not to dress too suggestiveLy. Don't wear too much perfume or aftershave!

• Choose a place that isn't too expensive {you don't know who is going to pay}. Try to go somewhere that isn't very noisy. e Don't be too romantic on a fi rst date. For example, arriving with a red rose on a first date isn't a good idea! o Remember to listen more than you talk. but don't let the conversation die . Silence is a killer on a first date! Be natural. Don't pretend to be somebody you aren't .

., If you are a man, be a gentleman and pay the check at the end of the evening. If you are a woman, offer to pay your half of the check (but don't insist!).

107

108

Communication

6C DREAMS Student B

a Last 11 iglu you dreamed about these thi ngs. Prepare to te ll A about your dream.

b You are a psychoa nalyst. Listen ro A's dream. umber the things below in the o rder he I she talks about t hem.

D Taking a bath - you have a secret that nobody knows about.

o Dogs -you are look ing fo r friends.

o Losingha ir -yotl are goi ng to lose some money.

o Lost luggage - a problem you have will soon get better.

D A river - you are going to be very lucky.

c Now usc the information in b to interpret A's dream.

P Useful language First, you dreamed about... This tells me that... This means you are going to ... This represents ...

d C hange roles. Now A is a psychoana lys t. Tell him I her abollt your drea m. A wi ll tell you what it means.

~ast night, J dreamed about ice-cream. ..

BA WHAT SHOULD I DO? Student B

a Listen to A's problem I. Give him ! her advice. Begin w ith o ne of the phrases below.

I thin k you should.. . You shou ldn 't .. I do n't thin k you should ..

b Read your problem I to A . He I she wi ll give you some advice.

Problems 1 I share an apartment with a friend, but he / she never does

the dishes! 2 I want to take my boyfriend / girlfriend somewhere realty

special on Saturday night. 3 I need some new clothes for a wedding, but I don't know

what to buy. 4 I think I'm getting a cold - I have a headache and a cough. S My sister always borrows my clothes, and when I want t o

wear them, they're dirty.

c Thank A and say:

T hat 's a good idea .

OR T hanks, bu t thar's not a ve ry good idea because .. .

d Continue wirh problems 2- 5.

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Student B

a Read rhe answers ro In t h e cou ntr y.

In the country 3 Theanswer is c. lfyou tie a bandage or a piece of material above

the bite, this will stop the poison from getting to your heart too quickly. However, be careful not to tie it too tightly. You shouldn 't put ice or anything cold on the bite because this w ill make it more diffic ult to get t he poison out later, and never try to suck out the poison. If it gets into your mouth. it might go into your bLood.

4 The answer is b . lf yo u are lucky, the bull will change direction to foLLow the hat or bag and give you t ime to escape. It doesn 't matter what color the shirt is. Bulls don 't see color-they only see movement. Don 't try t o run away because bulls can run incredibly fa st, and you shouldn't shout or wave yo ur arms because this will attract the bull 's attention even more.

b Listen to A tell you abou t In the city. C heck your a nswers.

c Te ll A a nd C rhe right answers for In the coun try and why t he other o nes are wrong.

cl Listen to C reil you about In t he water. Check your answers.

lOA PASSIVES QUIZ Student B a Complel(, you r ~C11lcnc('s with the H~rh in llH,' p3s~i""

Jnd the right :I!ISlI'er.

The SmarlphOl1e _ _ (invem) by ...

<1 I\pple h "'okia c lijM 2 TheLfJNo!tht>Rill8Sm,wit's __ (direcr)b> .. .

a 5U,'\'('n Spielht,rg

b lam", CamcrQll c Pett'r lad: .... m

3 Th.-bookrhal (~t("al)mostoflcnrronl

1ihraric~ is ...

a The Killl" b Tllr G ,.i,,,,rs.< Hook of Records c rlw L(I.d I)flll<' Ri"lls

-+ In the world, 10,000 babies _ (born) ...

a '''l'ry~cond h c\"cryhouT <: c\('ryday

.5 (;h",_. _ ([n\,em) hr·· a Ihe egyptialls b the Iml;,ms c the Chint'st

6 The first Lt'"i icans __ (wear) b> .. .

a miners b farmcr~ c cowbo)~ 7 Soccer firSI _ _ <pla»b).,

a the Br ili~h b the Romans , S In 1962. the original London Bridge

a a rich A Illerican h a Ilm<CUllI

c the Ropl family

lhe Greek~ (buy) b~" .

b Listen 10 A"s sc1lfcn cc~. Say ifh(' f she is right .

A's answers Lmil166-1 ~t'W York W3~ c31lctl Nc" Arns,eNi3m.

2 The .\/lIT \l'lIrs mo' ies were direCled h} George I .UC3~ .

.3 The noon Ihal i_ used most frl'qul'1l1Iy in conH'rs.nion

iSlim ... .. Pl'ngu i ns are found al Ihe SOUl h Pole.

.i The Italian nag was de~igned by NafK'leon.

6 Thefirstce1lphoneswcf"soldinl,!IU. 7 The politician Win_IOn Chu~hilJ wa~ Iwrn

in a reMTtJ' .. un. 8 The eleCTric chair" as invenled b)· a dl·ruisl.

c Read your Sl'tlIences to A. A ... iIIlell ,·ou if ,ou

are righT.

l2A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student B

a Look JI thce\"t'n numbered scnrences(2.4. 6. tl. 10, a nd I 2) and t h ink of I he rn iss ing ,·cTb (lE " aftl rmali,"!;! ' ·crb, .~ " m:gath·e verb). I1nn't write anylhing re t!

Diana w3S ,·ery angr ), bl'cau<;e her husband hadn't

cooked th" dinner. 1 W,· welll back to ~ the h"u~" he.re we

"hen we wen: .. hiI<Jr ~I1. B::

J Hc couldn·t catch the plane because hI.· had forgulI cn

hi. passpn.t. .. I he houS{' ... a~\·er) diny IJ.ccau~ nobody it for

a 10Hglime. r+ 5 W,· "'cm back w the hotel where we had stayed on nur

honeymoon. /> The crocodik" as hung.y b.:,·ause i, _ anything

for twO days._-After I left Ill<' Store . I ~udMnl)" .ememlx-r«l thal I

hadn ' t pa id for the jade' . 8Irantothetrain,tation.bu(thelasttrain _ _ •

9 l\aomi \\a~ surpri sed 10 hear Ihal she had passed

thcc;{JtlI. 10 I didn·, want 10 lend Ma.ia ,h .. book becau<e I __ il. 3

11 Jack wa~ angr)· bl'cansl' I ha tln 't inv ited him In

mypany. 12 They got to t h" movie Ihea"'. lale. and the

mo,·ic __ .'l

b Li'lcn 10 A saysemencc 1.lfit·s(hesameas I above. say -Thar"srigln.- If not, say ~Tr) again- umil A gel~ it right.

c Rcad semence 2 to A .lrit"~ nm right.lry again umil A tells yon -Thal ·~ riglll .- I hen" rile in Ihe verb.

d Continue (a\':ing !Urns wilh sen(enle~ .\-12.

2C SAD ENDING Wh )' did,,·, H ~""ah ~ce t he man \\"h<> was (Tossi "g the ,n"e!?

2 What happen,·d? J Wh"r~ did she go then and what did she dn?

4 Who arri,ed OIl he. h .. u>c tWO hour~ laler?

.l \\·hat ne\\"~ did she ha,·e for Ilannah?

6 HO', "as Jamie? 7 \\' ha, did .he tdl H,mnah abo,," (h" ,,;or ~nd the d.i,·cr'

8 Whal happened in the end?

109

no

Communication

12C GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Student B

a Compicte your quest ions Wilh f h~ "crh in pa rt'lll h",cs ;n I hI.' si mple paSI.

Who Pn .. ~i,Jcru Qf lh,- CS d Slu y('ar~ afe.' r his falher had h«n the LS Ilrl'~ilknl ? (Ix-will,,) a Kill Clin(on

b John F. Kcnll('d~' c Gcorgc Bush

2 Who ___ ,he pan n( lh" moll,,:r in Ihe 11I0\' ie "'""""a M;a? (play) a Mcryl Slre ... p b )ulin Il(}hcrt~ 0: Sandra Bullock

.3 Which tenni~ pla)"r Wimbledon five yc;trS in a row between 200.\ and Z007? (" in)

a Roger Fedcrcr b Rafal.'l t'\ ad al c Nmak Djokolk

.. Who __ [hc~iMincChapel? {painl)

a Lcona rdoda Vinci b Michclangclo 0: Raphacl

5 Which In", il' ___ dCI'Cll (hear .. in

ZOO.3? (win)

a lJ.c KiI(IJ~SI'<·"'}, b Tlrr QIleell

0: Th r. R ClUrll llftlre Kil18 to Who ___ a wooden hor.;,;: 10 enl er Ihe

cil~' IIf1 TtJ~? (use) a Ihe Greeks b the Romans c the I'c r.jan.

7 Which l':l lllousboxer w fi)!luinlhe Victnam w~r in 1967' (refu~e) J M uham mad Ali h JUl' Fradn ( Sugar I~ay Robin,,)Jl

8 WhO ___ lhe Idl'phone? (inll·m)

a \ ia r<.:on; b Bell ( Slt'ph .. n ~

b Answcr A\ ques tions.

c Asl; A your ,t uc~l i<lns. Gin' yOtJt pannt'T Olll' pOint for each c,.rTcct answer. Who gOt the mOSt right answers?

SB THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student C

a R~ad about what h~ppencu ... h<:11 Tim used the three tes tS in ROlllt'. Try l<\ rcmembcr tilt' illform~tion.

Rome The photo tesl I asked a very chic woman who was wearing sunglasses 10 take some photos. She took a photo of me witll my hat on and IlIen wit hout my hat. Then another photo with my sunglasses. Then she asked me to take a photo of lIer!

The shopping test I bougllt a newspaper from a newstand near tile train station. It was three euros. I gave the man four euros, and he didn't give me (lny dl(1nge.

The aCCident test I went to (I busy street near tile train station. When I felt down, about eight people immediately hurried to help me.

b I . ;~t"n 10 A and 6 , ... 11 yOIl "hat hapllcned in London and Paris.

c In ),ou r ()\\ n words, , ... 11 A anu R " hat happened in Rom ... .

~iI"S f, he used the photo test_.

d Together (h:ciue which of ,h .. cili<;,s is ,he friendlies t SQ far.

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Student C

a Read the answ~r~ to In t he wate r.

In the water S The answer is c . If a Jellyfish stings you, you shCHJld clean the sting

with vinegn because this stops the poison. IfyCHJ don't hive any Vinegar, use oce(ln water. But don 't use fresh water, for example water froma tap or miner.t water. because this will make the sting hurt more. Andyou shouldn't Nb the sting because this will make it worse. too. After you hive wnhed the sting, you should clun off any biU of tentacles that are onyourskin. And take a pain kille rl

6 The Inswer il a , lf you are nur the shore and the shark is not t oo close, you can probably swim to the shore without attracting it s Ittent ion. For th is reuon it is important to swim smoothly and not splash 0' m.ke sudden movements. Kee ping st lU Is dange rous because if the shirk swims in your d irection, it will see you . nd it will attack you. Don't shout because shouting will provoke thl shark and it will.luck you.

b Listtn to A and B tell you Ihe answers in rhe mhcr ....,ctinn, ( I n the city and In the cou nt ry). C heeJ.: your an swer •.

c Tl'tl A and 13 Ih~ right answers for In th", water and "h~ Ihc '" her onl'S a rt wron 1<.

1 DESCRIBING A PERSON

a Read Charlic's ('mail. Tht! ctJlIIlllltCr has found ten misr<l\a:~.

They art'~,~, or ~ misrakc~. CJJl YOIl correct them?

From: Ctlarlit (oa,eacarlo$Ol'>Qlm,il.o:om) To: L.ucy (1ucya1home19890yahoo.com] SUbje~l : Hi tram M.ideo

• . Hi Luey,

My name's Charlie. Well, il's really Carlos, bul everyone calls me Chartie. I'm (rom Mexico City, and I ~ve a\ home WIth my parents and my dog.

~, and I'm in college. I'm SI.\!SIiQQ physics. I'm in my last year, and I really like it.

I'm going 10 tell you aooul myself. As you can 5(1(1 irom the 1Q!9:. I have black

hair and bc.QyIQ! eyes. My father always says I have a big nose, but I don't think so. I think ifs a nice nosel

I think I'm a positive pefSOIl. My ~ say I'm funny and ifs lrue. I fike

making people laugh. But I ~ serious 100 when I need to be!

I d9r!1 have ~ Iree time ~ when I'm not in class. I have 10 do

projects or write rapofts. But when 1 can, I like watching TV series. espedally

sclencelicfion series and comec:lies. I watch Ihem in ~ with IWbtitles. I also like playmg computer games like World 01 Warcralt and $Iarcrafl.

Please write soon and tell me about you and your hfe.

Best wishes.

1 Charlie L-______ ~ ... ~ ___ _ .. __ •

h R~ad thc cmail again from th~ hcginning. Th~n co'·cr it and aMwt!r th" 'lUl"tions (rom mtmory.

Where'~ Ch;nli .. from~

2 What·s his rtal nam .. ?

J WhudO("shcli,·ewilh-

4 Whal d"e ~ h" do? !j Whatdocs he look like? 6 What"s h~ Ill,,?

7 What arc hi s (a,·orite free -tinK· ani\"i1 ies?

c Write a similar ~tllajl alx>ut rOil or ;1 person you know. Write (om parallraphs.

Paragraph 1 name. l"Ia t lonaitty. age, famil0

__ ~+~= k "="":o''---__ ." I Paragraph 2 physical appearance

Paragraph 3 personat,"",-,-__ _

I Paragraph 4 hobbies and interests

d Check your cmail (or mi,takcs (~,

~.and~) .

..c: p.7

Writing tU

112

2 MY FAVORITE PHOTO

One of f~vorite photos is this one of me and my sister, Christy.

My dad took the photo the spring of 2011 when we were vacation with our family __ New York City.

We were at a place called 8ryan! Park. tt's a pretty falllOlA park behind the New York City Pvblic Library midtown Manhattan. We were standing in front of the Josephine Shaw Memorial Fountain, throwing coins in the water and mak ng wishes. My dold W.H telling us all about the history of the fountain--it was the first fou~tain in New York City dedicated to a woman. When my dad took the photo, my sister and I werejVS1 jumping im<.l '''''''';ng _ _ the fountain and being silly.

I love this photo beuuse it's happy, and it reminds me of Cl great day in the city.

I have I~e photo a frame and my computer with other photos New YCKk City.

a Match the qu"'lions with paragraph, 1-5.

L What was happeing when you took the photo7

:J Where do you keep it?

:l Why do you like it?

l.J What 's your favori tl! photo7

C Who took it1When7 Where7

b l.omplt'te the lext with ill. "f Oil, or QNlltlll/.

P You can keep a photo_ in an album. on the wall. by your bed.

yoor wallet. a table. your bedroom. your phone. a frame. your computer, -- J

e Write aoom you r fa\'orite phuw. Answer (he que~tions in a in the r ighl order.

d ehI'd: y ... ur descripti ... n for mistakes ()I, .. ", mar. punctuat ion. and ~rcl lin g).

/\lIach a wpy of tht' photo if you can. ShU\\ your descripti, ,,, to another -rudcnl.]S Ihe photo .. inll lar in any way 10 yours?

-0( p.15

3 AN INFORMAL EMAIL a Om:!r is J Studelll from Peru" ho's

going to s'ud~· English in the US. He\ going 10 St 3.), with a family. Read 1ht' cmai1 (rom Mrs. Barncs and complete it whh cxpn'ssions (rom rhl·li,t.

--Best wishes Dear Omar P.S. Looking forward to he"ring f rom you

b Rl'ad Ihe email again and answer The qUI'SI iOlls.

I When j, OmaT coming 10 the US?

2 How is he travcling? ] Wh" is going 10 me/'! him allhc airport? 4 [)~s()marha,-closhaream"m?

5 Does LookinajoTII'llrd 10 hCIl"lIgfrom ),ou mean ... ? a I hup\" you write again SOOll.

b I'm going 10 Wrile 10 yOIl again »<Xln .

6 Does P.S. mean. .. a This isn', n'ry imponam inrormalion.

b I filrgvi IQSJ), Ihis before.

7 Why doe~ ~'I rs. [3arn",s ~nd Om3. a phOlO?

c Imagine y.J\I arc going to Slay with ,\1 ••. Barnes. Answer her cmail using yOUT own informali.)n. Wrile three paragraph .. . End the elllail with lies/ willIes :lnd rour name.

I Pllrllgrllph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Thank her for her emaii. ~ Say when you are arr jvj~

I An5wer her other quest iOfl",'c' __

d Check your email for mi'lah's (gum mar. pllnCTll<lfion. and ~pc]] i llg).

-c: p.23

From' Emily Ba, ... ,]6arnes Oh01m9il.com] To: KiN ...... ]omare5pinosaOyahoo.com] SlIbtec I: You. trip

I ~hank you 10-'-"-'-'-' -,m- ail. We're very happy that you're comin~ 10 Slay wilh liS thiS summer. arid we're sure you're going to enjoy your stay With US.

Whal ~me are you arriving al Newar!< Airporl1 1t you send us)'OUr IIIght number and arriva! time. we can all meet you in lhe arrivals area. Can you send us your cell phone number, too?

Could you also give us some other inlormation? What day are you going back to Peru? Is there anylhing you can't eat or drink? Do you want your own room, or would you like to snare a room With another stuclent? Is there anything special you would like 10 do or see in the US?

• '---Emily Bame5

• I'm at1aching a photo of lhe family so you can recognize us althe airporU

Writing

4 DESCRIBING WHERE YOU LIVE

a Read the ttxt ;md complete it with these word,.

area city food historiC modern nature population rivers weather

b MJtch the (Illest ions with paragraphs 1- 5.

L What's it famous for?

C Wh~t 's the weathe r li ke?

c Write a dc~cription of the place where you live. Write five paragraphs. Answer the ques tions in b in the r ight order, Fir't, make not{\~ on [he 'juestion, in b_

d Check your em~il for mistakes (grammar, punctuation . and spelling), Show your description w other students in vnur cbss, Which place that you read alwur \\'ou ld you m"q like to visit?

[l What's the best thing ~bout it? Do you li~e living there?

U Wh~t'5 four hometown like? Wha t is there to see there?

D Where do you l ive? Where is it? How big is it?

..( p.39

I We in Kayseri, which is an important 'city in Central Anatotia in Turkey. It has a 2 ___ _ of over 1,000,000 people, It's near the famous Cappadocia l ,50 there are a lot of tourists in the summer,

2 Kayseri is one of the richest cities in Turkey because it has a lot of industry, It is a university town, and there Me also many ., ___ _ buildings. for e~ample Kayser; Castle, Hunat Hatun Mosque, and the Grand Bazaar around Cumhuriyet Square. with Its famous statue of Ataturk. But Kayseri also has 5 residential areas full of luxury apartment buildings, shopping malls. and stylish

3 The 6 in Kayseri IS typOcal of the Middle Anatolia region, Winters are cold and snowy - great for skiing - and summers are hot and dry_It sometimes rains in tne spring and fall

4 Kayse "i is famous for it5 mountains, Mount Erciyes is the symbol of the city and it has a weU-known ski resort, and on Mount Ali there are national and iotematw;mal paragliding

5

championships_ It's also famous for its? _ _ _ and has many local specialities like p(lstirma, which is dried beef with spOce5, and rronti, which is a kind o f Turkish ravioli,They're delicious!

What I like best about Kayseri is that we are so close to 8 , When I'm tired of city life, I can easily get out and enjoy the mountainS, g waterfalls, and thermal spas, which are only a short distance away,

5 A FORMAL EMAIL

From; Ryou Yamada [yamadar9980yalloo.CQ.jp[ To: Beaeon Intensive Language Schooj [lnlo0BILS.edu) Subject Inlormalion abOut courses

Dear Sir ' Madam.

I am writing to ask lor information about your language courses. I am especially interested in an intensive course of IWO or three weeks. I am 31, and I work in the library althe UniverSIty 01 Tokyo. I can read English Quite well. bul I need 10 improve my ~stening and speaking.

I have looked at your website, but thole is no informatiOn abou! intenSive courses next summer. Could you please send me information about dales and pri<:es? I would also like some informal ion about accommodations. If possible, I would like 10 Slay with a family. My wile is going 10 viSit me for a weekend when I am al the school. COl/Id she stay wilh me at the same family's home?

I look 100ward 10 hearing from you.

Sincerely, Ryou Yamada

a Re3d Ihl' cmail m .. language .;;,,;hotll. (,hed. (/ ) Iht qUe"j'''b Ihat Ryon w~nrs rhe s(:hool to an""cr.

C Ho" much do lhecourSCSCOSl?

\\lhen do llle' ~Ol1h('~ "~n "nd "nd'

U Ilu\\' many ~ r l1dem~ are rhere in a cla«?

o A re I hcre busim'$S English classc.?

.J Whn" can I ~I ay? ::J Where~relheltachcrsfrom?

h I.ook .lIthe highlighted l'"xpressions. I low would they Iw di(ferem in an informal cmail (or ll'trcr)~

~<:~:r I Madam.

Informal

IlIm writing

I would like

I look forward to hea ring from you.

-Sincerely.

c Read thc ad, erti~clllcnt~ and ch<lOse a cour . ..c. Think n( TWO or thr« (Iuntions you would like to ask.

d Wrire a form~11 cmail asking for informat ion. Wri, ... TWO paragraphs.

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

ExplaIn why you ilre wr~'ting. and gIve some perS0!l31 Informalion.

Ask your Quest ions. and ask lhem to send you information.

c CIH'c \.: your tlllail for mistakes (gramma r. punctuation. and .. pelling).

<01{ p_57

Writing

6 A BIOGRAPHY

a Kedd 11'l: hiographr o(Norah J''''~5 . T hen co,er t he text and try TU rCIlH'mhcr th ree things aoom her.

b I'ullllc verbs in paremheses in the simple past or presellt ~rfcc!.

P Writing a biography ~ use of t enses If you wTlte Cl bIOgraphy of iI person who is dead, the verbs will all be in the simpl. pas t .

If the person is alive. ell finished actions will be in the simple pest (such as the person's early life, e.g" was bom, went to college, ete .. or specific actions in their life, e.g" got married, moved to another town, etc.).

However. you must use the present perfect for unfinished actIOns that started in the past and are still true now (and which might dlartge), e.g., She has won nine Grammy awards. She has appeared in sever81 movies.

use the simple present {or present cont inuous] to talk about the present day, e.g., She lives in New YOfk. She's working on a new album.

c Write ,1 b i ,,~ rJphr of '<Ome-one ) <>u know. or of a fanlOU~ person. who is s t ill alil·c. Write threc pa ragraphs. Make not.:-s before you begin.

F phl Paragraph 2

where and when they were born. t heir early life (simple past)

their life as a young adult (mostly simple i»stl

pi!lri!lgC,c, phcc,:-i their later Ufe and their life now (SImple past. present peffect. Simple present I preseflt L _~, ~,,=ntln uo~'C':J __

d Check yOll r biography for mist akes (grammar. punctuat ion. and ~pdJing).

Show you r biogn phy to other ~tudents in rh.:- class. Which of your classmate~'

biographies is the most interc~t i ll g?

...( p.73

Nora h Jones N orah Jones IS an American Singer-songwriter and

ac tress She lw.u.bOm_ (be born) in 1979 in New York City. Her father is Ravi Shankar. a famous Indian sit ar player. and her mother is the concert producer Sue Jones. In 1986. her parents z (sepui!lte) and later gOt divorced. and Norah went to l ive in Te)(as With he r mothe r.

Norah J _ _ (be ) interested in music all her life . When

she was young. she played the saKophone and she was in two different choirs. She ~ (go) to the University o f North Texas to study jazz piano. and while she was there she 5 (m eet ) Jesse Ham s. She s tarted a band wi th him a year later, and since then they ti (wo rk) together on many d ifferent prOJects.

In 1999, she 7 (move) to New York City. and 10 2001 she Signed a co ntract with Blue No te Records. Since then she '__ _ (m a ke) nve albums. and they have all been very successful. She ~ _ _ _

{win} nine Grammy awa rds and has sold over 37 miUlon i!llbums worldwide . She has also appeared in several movies. induding My Blueberry Nights.

She has been in only one rela tionship. with Lee Alexander. but they 10__ __ (b reak

up) in 2007. She still l ives 10 New York. Right now she IS work ing on a new album.

7 AN OPINION ESSAY

it Read the ;Held\: ,me." 00 yOIl .. gr ...... wi lh \\ h:u it says?

Every lime! turn on the teleVIsion. I'm sure 10 find a sports show on one of the channels. If I change channels, there will probably be a sports show or Cl sports report on other channels, too, especial ly on the weekend. lln my opinion there are definitely too many sports shows on TV for the following reasons.

2 • If you compare Sports with other TV shows, sports completely dominate. The on ly t ime you can watch ta lk shows or game shows or soap operas is on weekday mOl'nings or afternoons. This is not fair to people who like other kinds of TV shows, l __ dramas. polilca l shows. Or documentaries.

Secondly, the sports shows on TV are nOI only the important games. Every week they show boring games from college and even high school diVISions.

4 • I also believe that, on the weekend. most people want to relax in front of the televISIon. Many people, including me. don't like sportS. arid prefer to see good movies or funny comedy shows.

S , I think that even on news programs there IS too much in formation about sports. It is very annoying when they talk about sports for hours every day. especially when there are more important thIngs happening In Ihe world.

S , I thInk TV should show fewer sports shows. espe<:ially on the weekend. ' . it should show other kinds of shows and more movies. On news programs t hey should ta lk aoout important things that are happening in the world. nol about sports.

b Read the arlicle again and cnmple!c the blanks wilh a word or ph ra, ... from Ihe list. Use capital k1t ... r, \\ here n«essa n ·.

finally firstly fOf example thirdly in my opinion instead to contlude

- --c You are going 10 writr an art icle called ;'Thc rc

arc 100 many reality shuws un TV", Do yuu agree? With a pa rtner decidr if you agree or not . and Ihi nk of thrc.:: nf four rea~un ~.

d Wril'" th ... article. Write fnur or five paragraphs.

Paragraph 1

Middle paragraphs

Last paragraph

Write an introduction. You can adapt the introduct ion in the model article. Say if you agree or not.

Give your reasons. Begin the paragraphs with Firstly. secondly. (Thirdly.) and Finally.

W,ite a conclusion (this should be 11 summary of what you wflte in the

____ ~middle paragraC'C"O" C. ____ _

e Check your article for llI i~ l al ... s (gr;l lllmar. punct uation. and ,p ... ll ing). Show your article 10 nther .. tudents i n the class. 1'10\\ lIIany uf yuu r classmates agree with you? 1(1)\\ many disagree?

--C: p.85

Writing 111

.

118

Listening

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204 ))) M. fMfI M" Cl.lrlr ... .i hN"y l . b~· 1nl" D., ,d I lod ....... M •. " .... o.idcr«I '" bot""".~· ,h< , ...... " 8 •• i", ",i nti"g,of,,,," ~Ooh ""'.'Y I, ""","M«I in I'/·I .• ...! it" .. port •• i, (I(, .. ..,ofhl, (, .. ..cb. 0."" Clotl.n<l h" .. ito (.cli, .• ...! , boon ,'", )""r, 0 .. ;,- Cb.1 .o>J ("ell. ,,·ott I.,hion '''' ''S'''''. • nd 'hO" hooo,l . .. " ''''co,,( .. 1 ,·I<.o<Iw, ,,, ... in L"nJ .. n. I" ,h. )'/1)<.1 •• ,h ... d •• ".<I • ~~ ,.r,h, (,"'''''' 1"'1' "", 01 ,h. , in". i"duoit"I h. R"'li.~ ',,,n.,,.o>J C.i< 0.1"'"'

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Ihin~ 10". som<ln.,, ~ 'h" ..... '" ,." .... ".) ,h i,,~ no .... d."., ro' ,I.. (" .... "',. fo, "'ling 00 , .... ">( ... , 10< .. kmg pho,.,. .. 11' • • kind of g.J~<t. F,,~,),"""

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h.i,. tnt, ]/01",,], M. ro'n , .. ! 11.".j numl,.., \ h·,.n ,djo(' i'"

.g.in.l.h, I .... ' u .... ,' '0 d.",,;,,,,. pc,"'n .. h<,. .. Uh, ... ho', 'Iu", " I ... ning ,hing>

Lol. In"·II, ..... ,,) M ... in "ri, boo, it', <imlb, '0 in,dlig<n' It'.,h<

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....... 'ing .. ono:. $",1"11 .... 1"" I ...... ",'", mootlng .lth, ..... 1, hink

lonn1 Th ... , ,;~h' R~.ha" Ib .... nk.I"n,h 11 0 11)' 11<)' ,I< ,.,'" RfIh 1\ .!k.,? Rob ,'"

listening 119

120

11 (11)" lIi, I"m Ilolly, Holly 1),1., . Rob 110110.11011,·. I loll)" 1I'0're ~;,g '0 be """kins '''gotl>o::r. jenny R<.Uy' IInll)' nOd,,', 11, .1"., .. 11 ,'''''' I"nl~OJDg to b.­

Roil', pl>ol"l!'.pll<~ jm,,) Oh, ~·~II .. ,W..-", ju" S";"S " " lu ".I,. Holly C",,]! I C.D <ume .. n h ,"<)U . 1"'0>,. I h,d.

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11))) Holly Su ,dl " .... R<.>b. II'h., . re you goiog '0 w,i,<

• ho .. ,' Rob 11'.11. '0 ,,.,, " 'i,h, ouy 11,,, " ' f"".»io,,,.,f

:"J.,,' yort. ''''' kno,,·. ,h< nigh' lir~, 'Il< m",i<. ,hin~' lik< 'h"

I lnlly A ... yo" pI"'nin~ to du "n)' in,.",,,,,"" Rub I"d lik< '0, L>o;"" h"" >l'} ,u <):","~n.> 11(11)' \\",11 , I know ",m. gr,,., mu,i<i.,,>. Rnb I ]".id."" Ilollr You k"n". ~v), in "".,1,. A..J 1.1"" h,,'<

..,m. <on .. ", in ,ho,h<" •• ".r ,],,, ..... , R"b Th" would bc great. Hvllr MorI>< ' .. < .... Id go 100 ,,,,,,,. ,,'" . ftot;nu

could " Il ,,, ,h .. Kt<>fi,

Rob 1, •• II,·lik.tI,.,id. • . Wa;.,«. C.n I bri".~}"o" " 'y' hin~ <h<, J<nn)" Could "'0 h.". 'ho ,h«k.I'''''''? Wai,,<» ' ••. m ... m. Hcrr·')"OOt,h«k. J.mn)· Th,nk., [xcus. me. j , hin k ,i>cr<-'. > "'.", ....

11". h,J 'wo \>0<,1 •• of",.,.,. MO ,h,c<:. W .ilte" Yvu' r< .igh' . 1'", .... ltr "")" 1' ... ,Of m,

d.)' ,<>d.;" I'll g .. )'''''" n,·" "heel, 'enn;' 'rh' n~ )"nu , Ilull)" Ik'n going to h .. ·o. fun "'M' I,. R,'];' Rob r .. h , I thin ~ it', going ' 0 be fon,.,,",. Jenn)" 0 " " in" 'u ~v. ,'-'" 1>.,'. )",or mttting "'i'h

R •• I",. ,,' , ], ' «C.

Roh Oh)' .. h.ri~h!.

22 ))) ",," Teon.gef> ,od.,' h>l· •• bad r<pu,.t i<>n. Pcnplc

.. y ,h .. tlt"'-'f< Lt,}".nd mo><)" ood ,h .. thcy <lo ,~, Y I", 1< ,,, ""Ip tb<t' P' <en" .roond ,h. IIo<>s • . Rut ,I .. ", . ... """. «.o,t.,> f..". • I>..>n' , hi, d<",.il~i<> n i, i"" .. " ,."."' ,11. I, i<<<< im".d ,h .. ,h • • c ••• "", ... ,h,n I, ~ mill ..,,, tc<:n'gor, in the U~ .. '00 h>,-. '" I .... k .ft .. > m.mbe, of, h.;r f. m ily. rhci, modt<, Of iot h .. or b""h .. o, .i" .. , In m.n)' co,., ,h ... young h.II" " '. Of ·c . .... ~i".,,· .. , o.) .• ", ",11«1. 0", doing ,tring. lik. i«ding. ""hi n~. , nd .. k i"~ < ... of (.mily m.ml><". as ,,-.11 ., doing ,h.i, .<!wol ""'k 23 )))

110>1 I <llik '0 ""kom< '0 ,he rros .. m 'wo of ,hose «on.gers . . 00Iic, .nd U.niol ~'ho.<o I" le'"~ ulJ . • nd" ho buth ,.10 co .. off. mil>· m<ml>< ... Ikllu .. ~Ik<. h<11o D.n;.,l,

M;'''I O.niel H ;, Ho .. llho<lo,."u" k.c."of? AI;c< I ule c ... of rn" mom.:Sho 1>. • • \I.~ , _ i,·,.

di,..... it m.' ''' ,Ii" .h. f...,l> ,i....J.n ,o. ,ime ond <he c..t w,lk "<t)' ,,<11. A ,OJ I .h~ " l . ,',,< of my young« b,,,,ho, .nd , i<to.. Ho. ,i, ."d ..It.',fou,,

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listening

lla"i<l M~' <l>y". p,e,,~ ""',],,, I do,n ,he hou« .nd iron ',m I .1", do ,h. ''''''i mg .nd ,he 8""'.')' shopping, ~])" dad Id, I>mn. (ou, )' ..... go. '" wo", on "'" o"'n, I ule m)' .i,," '0 school . nd m. I.<,U(<<h .. "') mom;,OK Ib". ",~i><h~' m","~" .nn' e,·,ni" ..

H v>< H~~ "" ,'vu ("d .1.,", .I,,'"'' ",U Ii<c ' Alic< I don', r<.II,' mind "kin~ c.r< Of "". mom.

Sh.·, ,~ , ,,,J ,h ....... J, "" h.lp. B", ""n""n,., 1 feel.I",1< (Old wh<n 1 co,,', go OU' I"".u«" ,h",,,, ,hing. ",do " .. ),,,Id 'he """<C. ,\"d I, ,,,,,,,,i,,,« got .ng'" "'i'h mYKhooI f,iend,. j h<}' <loo', , •• 11),' ,,00"".00 ,I>< probJ.m. I h"" .. home, All thO)' ')"nl .. bo", ", !utb. •. i>u:-,. ,.n.! guing QU(.

Iluiel I lik, "h" 1,k>to...·''' ... l'mhdp;n~ rn' ",,,,,, .• od r", hclp;"g on)' ,i««,. ,h. ""' .. ,imc, Ofc"", .. i,', trur 'hot I,,"'t jlO<>U' much t..<:.u,e I n«d re spend mo« oi my dOlo .. homo. I >om""m<> S"Out wi,h m" fri.nd •. bu, I don', HI;, I." i"g m) m,,,,n h, h.<>df. 1.1" ,,', ""k .. , u,c ,h .. I h .. ·< n'l' coli !,~o, ... . I, '''; mom ",,«I> .n,·,hing. 'ho ,,,I], ", •• nd I ~o N<k ho"", T,., "'" • prvbl<on fu, m • . It', just po" of m" lif •.

Ho" 1'",,-.. 00< h JOiD~' ~r .. ' job. '1 h.nh ''''')" ,nu<h "" ""'''''nR "',' h. I"">"'"''

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,h .. )"""'e n .... " ~"'n? , \ Ye<. H .. n·, ",·o,)"", ... ? r r<n,,'ml><, >on>< p"nh

I bought , h .. 1 ".,·<tnme, I nt«'·;,,,· .. \\ h., ,... , ,he pmhl<'" ~'i, tr ,h~,,,' A Tb.)· ~<f< "" )" 'igh' , bJa< k Ic.,h., p.a"" ,h.,

r bv,,~h, f",on ..... ond·h.nd "or. ,,·hcn I "" .< ,I""" 20 ),<''>oIJ. I ",m<ml><, ,,·hen I "' .. in ,h •• ,,,ing rn,,,,, 1 'hou~l" 'he) kooI,,,] . mui ng, I ,hough, Ilook.d liko Jim Il o,,;'«>n flOm the Doors 1>", when I gO! It.onlO. in 'M "oldli~h, of J.), [l<.li,.J ,b .. l look<:d more lile "n. of ,I>. wom." 're", Ab/.oo' T h,,'> "h~ I ne"" "WO ,~ .. " .

2 I n,c"·k,,..r I I." . ,."" ""r ho"~ht.<nm.'hi"g 'hot ) '00"'. n.'·., ~-orn'

AY .... >."". umfo,m. I drciJod th .. I ,,'. m«l tu Jv ~""., , ,,J I >i~","" "P fur 1 .. ".",,.nJ I"H, ~I" ,10< ,,,,if,,,,,, ~nd ,hot .... '"~" b .. 1t ~u' 'h<m I Ch.ng.d m)' n""o " .. tk<, o<~ nO, , ... .. k~'hele."'n'.

lnl<",i.wer \I hv""" A I w., wo"i.d , h'!>um,Qn. ,,"Quid l o".:l ",)'

, .... ,h"",. I m'~"' i<"'<r 1"10 y"u " ill h,,'e ,h. u ni'"",,' ,\ 1'0". L«>kl it on eBo)".

1 [n'c"'i~w<, HO" . ,-ou.,,,, bough. oo"""hing ,h .. "ou'" n .. · .. " 'urn'

A ~''' Ii)' i , h,I'I""'" (u ",,. , lv, b«, u,," n .... d",h« ,horri"G, ."d 1 ,><,.~, "~. ,hi"S' 0", Fo, cx. mrk I h"". ,hill;m m.' 010, .. no" ,h .. ],<" no-'or "'o,n,

In'H,i''''~T \\·h,.not' A \l'dl.l bo"gh, it in. hu,,~ • f." ",,,,,,h. , ~o.

,hd, h." I put " , ,,,, in ",,,,,10,..,, A I,~ " .... 1.".,.1,,,,,, i, ",,, . "d lool<o .. ;, . nd I ' t.>uj!h' "lI'h,' did I hu,' ,h i,,- It·, ,wful_l'i "k .nd purpi. <tripe.: And of ' OUT« I didn't h .. ·• the ""'<ip" >0 l cuuldn ', roko it b"l.

~ 1 "'''T''i.", ... Hd'" )'v" «<! bough, ",'n .. h'"~ ,h" ,0",·. ".,'<t "o, ,,?

A A Joi o( ,hing" ",u.lly. 'I'h, I .. , <>n,,,.,. btu~ " h,"<, ro;o ,

I n''''''iewe, \\"h;,t ~ .. ~ r~n~ ~ ith ,,; A \\",,11. I bough' il ""hn. 1'",,,," ~.b,,,,., loo,

h .. <tre>.p d.ok h", ",h." i, ,,,,,'«1, i, Iook.d complctd,' differen, from wh" i, Iookod li l . on ,h': <ompU!.' «'«n .• nd I decided I J;Jn', lil. .. ;,. So,,',inm"<lo,,"' i"m,Y", I'm """ ~o",~ tu "<a," t,;" m.) b.-111 gh. it '0 ,.",,.0,,,",,. p .... " ,.

~32 ))) Ho>< 1.>" Fr,"" S,.,'<, . bu,in<»",.n frum

,<;.,ml<. wo. iOOki " ~ ''''~ ".1 '0' ,d",; ,,~ , ,,~ d • .'·s in ' ho m"",,,. im,. H •• "d h ;,,, ;f. h.d

'''''S<d, 'kiin~ ~ .. l<o~1 in, lu,,,,,' hord. I>u, m. w<eknd d 'd,,·, "".k <>U' <,,,·,1) •• ,h.,. I>.J pl.n,,«I . S .. ". " "Ork.d un,ill ... <>It Fti,I, )' .><n n~, 11i. offi« ..... on ,1>0:: 12,h f]"",. \l"1 ... n I", fi, i,hn) "' So'dock, h. locled hi,,,(Tw:,, .. ,~ got i"" the .1<,'''0. , .. , ,,J b.- J;Jn ', get "'" .s.in "",iIMvu,J •. , ",,,,ni " g'

S,~,.. . pr .... d 'ho """"" fi"" 'h< fi,,, Iluor, .nd the d., "v' ".","" [!Ui"~ down. bu, ,1>0::" i, ""T, .... 1. I pro • ....-d ,h. hu, '0" o~, in. bu, nothing h'PI""<d.! p,e<....-d ,h •• 1."" o,oJ .I ... ".J, bu, fIObod,' h<.,d m., .'1<>« proP"' h .. hl"'KI) ~ ...... hOm<o i tried '0 c. 1I m,·wife. bu, m)' coli pi .... '" d <.I,,·t "o,k in ,he .k, ",or. I <,-", Id.', do .ny,hing. I jU<l "" vn 'h< Iluor;,nd hop..d m.y,,", ><>m<bOOy ""001,1 , .. ,Ii·" " 'I,,, had bapl""O«!' BU! on S,,",d.)· ,,>d So,,<la\ . I k,,,w nobo<l) ~(lUld I>< ,h<,o.l.lept ""'" of, hI' ,i "", '" r",~<o hu~ hun~'" I w.,

I I"" M •• "",h i a,. ~".""., wif~. " ... , ...... wo;,in~ for hu hu<bond '" co",. h"" ... .

Ib,,, I w., 'W)' """ i«l " 'h<n h. diJn', ,om.It.on,. "" F",),} ,,'~o;n~ , .nd I <"uld,,', "",kr, .. nd "'h, li , ,·. 11 phun< ...... n·, ... orkin~. I c,I].,,1 ,h., poIi" .• "d ' h.~ h .ol,'d fo, him, bu, 'Il<)' <o"M"', fin.! l im . "y,,'hc,e. 1 'ho .. ~h, "")' be he,.. .. with "'OI~" " ·omon.

>10 « ..... ~'''' <"" on 'he 01.,·"", ,he "'hok .... eck,od (,"'" rrod. )' "'<n;ng "n,il ~I"",l.; JUO,ning. .\, <i~h' ,,'do ..... " hen ,h, of.1,c ,,"o'l' rs ,.,i"cd , 'hey <>11«1 th. «n~'g<n'" num kr. ood "'",el><><ly <." .. " ,~ I "p.i,«I ,he .I"'·>l~r,

S,c,'c ' ... " '<t., h:tpp~ '" got ""', I h><ln', .. , .. n ,iIK< Frod. y '(I<. """'n . • nd I "' .. ""~ hun~.)" 1t', I""h ,h at I"" n,,' d''''''rophobio bccou;c ,I .. .I .. "u' "'", "ff)" ,m.lI, Th. fi .. , 'h,ng I di<J " ." ,,,,, 11 ,,,), wiklO .. )",hotlw.,OI-:.

U" .. S .. ,·." ill '<>On 11. ,h< fiue., m. " ;" hi, offi« - from now"" h,,', );O ; n~ '0 ,.k~ ,h .... if< « .. ~ d_)" .'·.n tbough i,', 12 floo".

~42 ~) In'~"'i,w<T loo..",,"c ,. Ik «) Lt.",,1 R"",c<. ,,·ho·,

",i'ing ' boo!. . bout how '0 j;,,, ""'''''Io'''I~, $11.', ~ng'o ~i,. ," fi .. "",ful ';ps.

Lu,e! M.' 11 " , ,il' i, >o"'<1hin~ ,h .. i. '"Cr~ son'pl< '0 <0,.. ho' mo ... di'rkult '0 do in p,ao,i<e. 11 h" e,,,, )'OU'r< doing. ju« !Tl' to ,Iow""" n .nd .nioy tt, li )""" " 0 "'olking >om." hor<. , '}" ,,, ~ ,I~ '''Of< ,Io.,~ I): if )"u .« Jming. m.ko Y""r<df d,i,'. ",,,re <]0"'1)'. ], ,Io<~ ,, ' , """« ~ hat ~-ou ... doing. cooking , .. k1"g" , I"",'". """bing in ,ho ~ym. "" >Jo,. down .nd .. oil),' <nj"r' h< """".n, W< . 11 try 10 do '00 mm)' t hiDg> ,hat wo jU<I ,I,,,,', h.," """ 10.. So my .. ronJ tip ;' mok •• Ii", of ,h. 'hrc<: thi,,~' 'hat '''' ""," i"'I'<''''"' f",)"<)U­your priori,ie. in life. 'lh<n ",h." ;",,,., .. ."J< )OU' b" mak. sure du, )'0" .pend ,iou. doi ng ')'v,""hi <>g" I_~;m< fOT <""mpie . h .. ,"", ,h",. Lhin~, or< J""''' f.mil)" .... dong ,.nd proying 'I"''''· n<n ""~< "' f< ,h •• ~' '' .. ,pcnd ."""gh ,im. ~'i'h ),ou, I, mil)·. d,., )'OU h,,< 'p"« ;n your !ii. for ",.ding. ,,,d ,h, )',," h>l" ,im< to plo,' 'PO"' · .... od forg., .hout tryinG '0 do ut I"" ,bingo 'h" "'" don't h"" ,ime for. Ti], n,mb.-, ,h,...,,, Jon't m ' ' 0 do nl"<> ,h'm~. ., 'h . ... ",., inl<, The ,,,"" ,hing ,'u, CO" <lo 1< ",ul,i .. ,k, So (0' ''''''1'''". ,wn', " .cl )'00' emo il ... hilo)"u ..... Ikin~ , .... f.;'nd "'" 'he phon~, If )'(IU <k> ,h ... ) '"'' • ren', re . lIy fll( u ,i" ~ Ott t"''' .""i l '" )'''''' friend .nd) ..... o«n'. goi "~ 10 f«1 " • • )'. ",1",,1 <I, h<r I1p n,mMr f"u< i, ,'et< ,impk un<"< 0 d.,·, "'H' d. )". H down ."d d" ,,o,],.,,~ (,,' h,lf.n liouT, . ro, ~"'mpl •. go'''' ca f • • "d ,i, "u' ,i,k, ut [/L' '0 , I".l . nd ,i, on. bcnch. lurn'off Y"'" I~'''''' "" ,h" .. .>bod,' "in conu« )·ou. ond 'Il<n i"" '" ,,><1 "'o"h ,~, ""tld S" by. Tb .. " '111 ,.,lIy h<lp .r"u ". oJm\'down. 0 1\., .\1,' fifth ."d fin.1 'ip. On .. "I' ,he mu" td. < log 'h in~. Y"" .. n do i, to h< "re" " ,'"' U' "·.n ",,""<r. ,,, be on """or, ~o ii)'"OO H,,, ".", I.k< o· ""e', "" ' O~ ,i, by th. ,i'·«. Of go """'''g,

li) ...... I" ..... , . ,t.."" •• n, go and ," on . be I>< ... h. Rdu.nd h' .. n In ,Iw ...... nd of ,t.. .. ,,><I,Dd ,be .. " .. Iou .'iLI f«l,....., I>nd. ,nd ,n,,><I""'" 'n~ do,.. ••• ,I>< ... ln ..... go .....

045 1») Fi .... 1 dKl ,11< pIIo<n, ..... I .d ..... n "rr~~ .. "n. .. "'ho, .... ~.ri"8 hI< .. ".j,.·i<h '" ,.tt. p/>N",,( ..... H. " ..... 11, fri<ndl)' and .. id. -Oi ''''' ... I'll ,.1:0 ,"OU. ro<' ''''' -WI><D 1,>1.«1 him '0 ul:c """. photo>, h ... id. -~ ..... ! "u pt<JI>J..m'- 1\· ..... 1>0 8 .. ·• ..,.. mynmo .. 1>:1<1. . he ..,id, - I·t", . no., d.) ,-

N .. >!. i' ".,,"" ohor,,""i "". I .. · .. w , ..... ~,;,,~ ,,,, .. TI,n,,, 5,1"' .... 00 I bough, . n -I 10<-'. r-,,,,,, y",k" 1'·,hl11.nd.l<'M11< ,Id nl. from ,,, .... Jlff,mu p«>ple. I g .. ",h.m ''''' " , .. ,h "~'''' )', to", 'My booh g .... In<

• h ... ""et dung< I>:i<k. F ..... lly, ~ w .. ,' .... for ,hoac<idc .... "'''. For ,h"

, ...... 1 .. ·.'" '" Con ... 1 P.,k .• M I fdl " ...... on ,he g"""'" 1 unly ~"'''''';, about JO...:ond, b<fun. .... nca ..... '" hdp .... -I .. hl. ,"". <a1DO"'?-bt~ -"hlnk.~ """"".-

51 1» 110" ""' i~ "'" I .. , "(,bing> ,ba, ", .. 'hoooght

.. = ~ fot",..... i. ,ho<.~., ............. , fuoJ "1"""'. i. """8 '" ,,11 ... "'h)' .c, ".11y i, c. n I>< ~( ... ".

I'''' W<lI .• h,r. h.,. b« ... loo '" """"''''''''''iy .\Iou, ,""" ..... ,., R." ... ",I ... . , h,.:,,L .. I, """""hin~ ,h., w,"" ..... n .. d ,,~ few huol<tt .. h uf ) . ... _ i ... nO' , 1\'I<"od ... , in'''n''''' •. " , .... , "e " .... ,., ,h" ... ,h .. <"""<'>4t<.li koll"P< i"Ie •. c,.,,,;n •• n,..,.ld •• ". In f .. ,. <"""01."" ha •• """ •• , ;",id> ,,', 'h,,, ~"P< ju"," . , ....... 'n,loxid •• u •• n """et:, ~. ' i-I I " .. III ,,.., .. ~ to l. h ... , d i"" . ...

fl" .. Rull>', J~~ y .... buo .• nd'h.i ....... i....,.,.. .. n' .• II'''"

"""".",;""id..>", ..... ""1, ill "''''dooocdot<,:.o dun· ... 'milk~~"' .. h"H"',. ........ ,t.... ....... , 1>< ........ .all. A_ "i «"'_. J ...... "" , ...... '" rcmm""".hoo ........ d .. \: c1M>cdoo<;'pod f<>r ) ..... ~ ,,,,,,uin' , .... '" Gol<>rit., .... if ""' .... "wrlcd • _...,., .......... ,dnfo\ HO , .... ,,_10. Qn. ... , ......

pi««' dn .. """"",. /[0" (;"''' ..... ,.r. ...... ~ .. ['''''''.''''''oh .. '

And .,.,... '" ''''')'. nu, TV ;....m.li". Too,.. ........ p>;p<, • .,id . . ..... 1".). 'cl1;ng'" ,\Iou, ... ,~I'" 'ha! "v ,hat .. '. " IIch ,,~, mu, h TV. ,h .. .... '1"'",1 ''''' .,,,,h 'Imo .''''n~ In Iro", o(,h. I \ aM ,h .. . ....... ,1., ... ~ <k>n', oxorci"''''''''"gIL TI,,,,' . I$O"Y ,I,., .. " . h "'~ TV m. ko. u' .. upid. I, ,hh.1I """ I""y~

To .. ,. W.II.;,· •• h ....... «, .. , .. I, ,,, .. ,h .......... «h tOO m",h .. k<; ....... buc I, proI».biyu,,·, ,,<><,h .. .. '.«hio8 fV .... l e . ... ""rtd. I· ... ju .. Ilai>l>«! .... d;a~. bouIo: by a .......... • M ... S' .... ~ "'" n",,,,. , .. It,,·d L..." ..... ..., II<W I. ("0<>04 J« r"" 0 ... ,hin, "" ...... ia hit bouIo:;, ,h" raod«n T\' ......... Iilo TIt ... ..".,.. ..... Uf '''''' .. or ",.J .1,", ... ........ in«lI«,,,.II)" .. ,,,,,.Lo,, .. ~ ,baD l"\' O<ri<. ....... 20 ...... t". H. <a,., ,Ita, ,bnc J.o.. ...... , "",,,plko,..!.<><I ' .... y.m." .nd ,Ita, ,~ I><!pro .... L. u, mu", l.,cllIl'''',

110" 11".11. 1 ,on 1><1""", ,hI!. h", ,,·h., .""'" ","li", ,,,,,,,,',,h,, .If ><> 1"'1"'1 .. un TI l<>n', boli,,·, . ' h" ,"""" "01!"'l'1 f", '"

Tony \1'"II.!o,...,,, I .... ,,, .......... ). ,h., ..... <on=n I< •• n ..,,,,,,,hln8 f ..... " ' .. I I'~ , I,.,.., h ... ) .• , hi. l inJ "fTV ,haw ca. oo,""h ""boo, ~""'I' P<)"~) .buu, ho>w p<<>pI< Io<h. ,'o .. 'he. ,,.,,. .•• in. ~M'p.

110>1 1'<<11. 'h,n k '''''. T",,), .ntll''''' So"""')"" k...,... ....... lOdo'h .... · ... ln[l- Y""caosi,dooo'nlft f..- '" ,h. T\' " "h. ""'.,( di,k cborol"n.,.

55 1)) Ho lly 11 ... Rut. .......... "". K~ ~p.. Ro h ~". I·~ •• tH< ,;,...1 ,hi • ....,..ni"ll. Holly 1'_ "'n', ',,'""'Iy i~ 11""<' ""1"" , .. )""/ Rob I ~.,.,....ll_·. I 'hiDk l"mt .. i"8''''''''''''h ",,11) Ibtu ...... ~ Rub I, 1><I"~4".1~ ........ 1I . I><'i ..... ,,1Id.be

I .... 'u" in ", ........... ...... u .. ~, •• f< """,,,,u.,,. /l o ll)' I'""""""do,,,,,,"~h=<c; ... Rob 1 ... lkalo< 11 ,,11 ) \\ .lllnll isn', '''''''gh. Rob. Uo you do

,""h,n~'ul"I'I'i'? K ,," 1.)<Io .. Io,nl·",'"I.""<I<>,, .. 1'1,,11)' 50 .. 'b)' don', )"" i'" • bi ke h.",' Rob I' m <HIll 1>0 .. fot ."",,,,,,,101"«' .... ok •.

"n" • ." m) "",.1'. n.' ''b. .,/I"" . 1 "",,', n«<I • 10,1..,

Holly I;'" I.""",', ,<nnil" I"'" ."ft ninll , ll ,loo 'i ..... IkMot.nd .n ...... .".k. lI", I j ... , ,bink ,10 .. ",""I"i I. lit" 00 boti"lI- J ..... 10 .... """,', ,1>0 fua~

Rob I'ur.. I'm ....... rt, l ..... "" 'unni"" 11,,11)' So .. b,· tlua·, )"" pt.) b.,lrtb.ll .. ·.h OIl<

.nd m. f,iornd.' Kob OK nw'''vn' id .. ! Ikn I ...... ·'h .. · .. ny

".i"," Il olly 1 ,.i ........ • ~ .... """ I'ou ~.n buy tome Rob I. ,b. .... '1"""'J>o..,< ..... 1><<<1 H olly ~u .. ,' ..... · ....... ><'("',Io< .. .-.

59 ))) Rob H;.I,nn) J.nny Oh, hi nn ... H .. '.youh.d . g...-..l d.y? lenny Oh, ,......,,"". M""i"~.' Wh. , . ",""" )'''''? Rob 1""111"'" 1"'0""" 1I,00001)"".nd ""' .. ,"'"

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Rob Ioh,nL I.....:!'''II''' .... 11" .... I<any O~. 1' .. imp«...-.I. 1_ ' '''''''.11'' ntnni"lt

.. ~" mornins in C<'1Ifnl P,"' . Rob Du,,,,,? le.",y 1,\ ....... u,;rul •• riy ,,, ,1>< ....,.."."g, Why

<l<>n',)"" <no..., .. ;,10 n",? Rob t..h ... J""', \\ h),nco,? I<nnr (;, .. ,! rII <om, br r"'" 1Int,1 ''''''''', .. ''' ..

,",,'nlng Rob 01(. \\,h .. "",,1 J.nny ~;,f.' ... ,).fi .. • Ro b Si ..... ? J''''') 101',,'·11 ... , Rob Coa " ..... lot it. b ... Lo' .... ? Scar. """'" foo'y.

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8 1))

1·10", '!"<Od.or"' 'nri< i. -p<><i';"" 'hinl.ing.- \\,.,11 k....,..· 'hi! p<OpI< ,,'ho .... "",,' i"oonjor lif, n""~ ,0.." prvpIo- .. ,hu.f< "'1l",I," ,nJ p<»imh.k, B", ,.. ;"",;f~ .. od,. .... ~ ... , ,Ju, poooitl'" J'<"I'I< .... 1 .... 1> .. 10,,;.., Thq'lI'" 1><" .. n ...... q~lek ly ... ,.,." ,...,. • .. Jkk •• nd ,he) li"o ""'e<', ,\ «<<n' .. od)' h .. 010<>0'" ,bi! pt'O!>I< .. IIo .... "P';rnistic . nd think poo.iIi>..t) Ii>~."" ....... '8". nino ~ . ... Ion,....,han pn .. ",I.n"" ... """ So. ..... b." ... "', ''''' .... [ ........... ,M,,~. Dv)"" ...... ny .... ""ol><lp ",I>< _~,,~;n .... Ii>"H!

9 ))) H.,,, .... ud .... ,.,11,. , k:"'~, .... ,"$;' """r H; "My

\\ h.,',)"", ' ip for btin8 posioi'''' Apdy 1l~1I0. I'<<il.[,hlnk ; ...... "·impot"""o!i ..

In ,1>0 pro .. ru.!HI ...... ,n ,],.. p'''' Don', 'h,,, l

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H u. , Th,,,k you, lo ll< And"". nex, "Ik. I, \Ia,en. H" \1.,,,,, •

M .... o IlL \Iy,ir I.do,,·. 'p<nd . .... "',;" .. , .. di.~ ,be P"Pf1" or ...... <hing ,be n .... '.on '1"1' I, • ,ho'"'' b..l...-..' •• ruJ;, iu" m, k •• ''''' f..,1 ,kl""'~1 1I. ... ,t, boo!..,. li"on 'oy ....... f".,." • m"'", in.,ud.

11"", I·hinlu. \brro. \od .... " .... , call<. i, M""",. MIf ... m>

:>.,; .. 1 .... lIi Hn .. Hi. M"",m. Wh .. ·• ''''If 'if>? ~I iria", M) ,ir" ", .• .,. .. ~ n .. ~' .1,., ,,(.11 ,h •

RO<)d . biDS' ,h .. h'ppen,d '")''''' I"'" ket:p ,he [i,.." nb ) ..... in ...... , b.g Of iD a """ ..... and if 1""· ... f .... 11,,~ .IK,I< .. ~ or ""'P ... ...J.IU,.. .. lot " ""' .nd , .. d ". h'lI ID." ) .... (.,..11 .. " .. ,

l i p. , I h.nk<. M"I .. " .. \"d <ou' I .. , ,all ;, ' ,""n Mleh .. l. II LM i<h .. I, Wo',..,li"o"I"1I-

Mkh.eI I ll. ~ h' 'ip i. '" tr)' '" u'" po';'i'" bnW""~ "'hen , ..... >p<.k '0 otbe. p«>J>l" I'ou ~"""'. if, ...... f,,,,ruJ h .. , pnobl.m. <Ion', pv -I'm ""') " .... -010. P""'" )"": "") >Utn<Ch,n~ p""K'" m. -non', "'''''')~ f'<I) 'hing" ,I] I>< OK ·Tb .. "'r ,.....·11 mal< ,I>< ot"", I"""'" ' ~",l ......... posi<ivcl>".bow b;' ... her probk ....

11 .. " T~." k l""". \t""",,]. \\ .U .• b .. · •• 11 "," ~ .... " ...... "w. ,,1.0]: ,J..nl )""to.1I "'" .. 11<1"" Ln, 1I " .. , .... l _ ]:', ... ,lI .. ~.

13 1)) Na.",o. F .... I ... " h;»~ .. , "n' ... " • .r, ... ~, .... o

.. ,,' ,I>< 1<" .. , ............................ ...,."iag ,loo IIvinR "'''''' ;" c.,." .. n"> ","'h .. ·• huu",. When ,hor ""'k "'" ,h. (i"I'I, <<" 'b.r h,nd 5"'0'. ;., '0', aM 8" " i. ' 0 (" .. rn.n·. ,i '''', ""I .1 .... ><n, ,be 10"" '0 t; .. rnon. Cor m", w., ' ~'W 42. ",IIl ,n< ...... "i ll ,ing!<,

C; ... n,. n Wlwn I got ,h.I<" .. ld,dn· ... lI ~, ... 'itht ... .y , .... u .... I .... , ,., ""''''''"" 1 lop' pickln8 "P ' 1>0 phon< . nd P"" "'~ I, '" '" n .~"n. 1 ......... J oda', ... 11 him .. 011.11 .. I k ....... , ,Ita, 1 h." '" ,,,,L. ,],..,.IL

,'I ..... " . (" .. ,n ..... Iln.11y ""''''' ...... !land ~ ..... .n .... «d ,I>< pIo<>r><. H ...... 01",,_ ~ l.Dd .1 ..... .. ", 5, ... Irould,,·.btl ...... i' .. iorn .... .,II«l.I , .....

""" .... "'" ....... ' botaoc. boo hKkily 1 k'1" ,..,.oId pIo<><w nu" ...... .

No ... ,,,. ~ .. , ... nd Ca • ..,...,. .... ng«:l to..,....,. f ... ·d.,·.I" ...

5 , .. , \\ loo" .... """ it "· .. Ii ~,,. "" ... it. \\' ... " or"" •• b. "'PO" , nd into,,,,,h 0'''''' '' ""'., W;,hln.JO _ ... "", ,of ...".'''~ " , h o,lw, ,~.I" ~ < ...... kl"ing. \\ ', 'oil in ",,·,.11 """, ,~, i",

Nor •• , o . l . .. "'«l, Iw",,,plc got m .. ,led. I? Y<'" .rle, ,b.)' 11 .. , """

C .. "", .. 1" ..... 11'" n ... " ..... in.1I , ....... ) ..... Iou, .,.,... , hI> ...... ,riod ,..., m." 1.1""y.I..-J.

N .... ~' ''r So s... .• ,,,d Ca,,,,,,n.,,, ""I"'bt ... ~, IIu, .. ,11 ,"'" l ",p , ...... pwo»i><.?

17 »)) h,l. n' SO ...... don~m"'n.<Iu< .... > D •. I'< rll. fi. ", ,b. ... ,,)." ... " •. i>. ,""'r .,(

I""'PI<. Th .. n ... n . . .... , ........ goO"lI '" ' ..... " loo otp«>pl<. "hlnk "",,« P"Il ro bt ........... ,,'

p" i"n' ", .. orl? n •. I .......... ...n. .'·"" ......... 'n."""" •. I,h,"k·

listening 121

".,ion, Y<>, ,h,", rijl.h" Or. I ,hink .h .. 1, .. Ir'Y n, .. "" ) ..... , ><. ge<ng '0 ha,-o,

k>t"f m ... 'i"~', I·.,io ... IVh .. ,""", .he g.>rdon ,nd ,h .. no,,· ... ,

l)Q ,hey "",.n .n~" h;"~' Dr. \ 0._ l'Iow.", "'., po,i",·. ') ",1>01. s.., , ..

fIo" .... ',...'n 'h>l )""" .'. (etl;n~ J"l'i,i,,, ,OOu. ,he r u'" re. So mo)'1>o you alro.d!· k n'''' _""',u • h;, po .. ible promotion'

r"ien' 1'10,1 ,li,I,,·, . Ill" i, ', ,,"', I ,no ''''r h,N'.' " "·,,,k .• nd I (""I "or)' J"l';'i," .bout rn" (u'u'" Ill .. '.n<Kwoo.m'· probl<m' .... M! !,""'km. ,,,,,,"i,hm, 1o" .. li; •. Doe, m, ,h,'" ,,11 ".' ,n),hi"s,i,...u"h>l? - .

Or. M"" y" i, do< • . Y"u'r< .ingk . .,cn', )"<"I' I' .. ien, Ycs, ",.11, di'<>I"<cd Or. 8.",.", ,h. "io!in mu.", ,.11> m .. ,on ".,,'

,,'n,. "",,,,,,, in )'"'' Iif .. - ).""',, tOul.i" ~ "", 1"" ,,., I"""'P'?

I'a,kn' y,,, y ... I .m. In f'" I m .. , wom.n I." mo,uh _ 1 rNIl,lil..h.. I ,hinl. I'm in 10" "'i,h I,.,. I'm .. ,,,",i,,~ h« ,,,ni~h,,

Dr. I" ),,,u, d .. ,m )'ou "" ,n ",,-I i" , "«,,

V.,ion. Yo •. • """"L.bi~,,,,'1 Or, Thc 0,,'1 I<"p",.en".n "kkr p .. "'n_! 'honk

)",,'11 n .... ,1 ,,, .. I. ,hi. 01,1 .. , I ..... on f,,, h .. I)'_ \h)'he ,h;, ·n~Io'l'c''''n' i. "'0' ~I.yhe )·n. n<od mrhdp?

p .. ion, Well. )"' . whu I 1<.lh' w. n, '0 know i, d.,."hi. p<"on, ,hi> ",,,,mn M< ",.1

18 1)) r., ien, Wdl.)'". "I", I .... 11) ".""o~''''w i.

d"""hi'I .. ,,,,,,. ,h i,w,,,,,,n , _Im/, ,,,.> O r. Iou I<"men,benh" cnd of your d",.m' YOU

wIT< fo<ling <okP Pat;.n, Y .. ,m~'f""''' ... wrycolJ D r. \\,,.11. I ,hin~ I""h,p' )"~, ,,,.,d)· t.....,. ,Iw

an,we, '" )'''U' qu,,, ;,,,,, I· .. i~ .. , Ynu ,ne '" , h' d"",,, '. 10\" mo_ [)r. 1\", I don', ,hink.l(>, I '"ink l"'" will n«J 'u

find ,,,,,,he. ,,·oman.l'm ..,rrr. r"h,j'> "'" ,·.n find ."m,ono,," ,h. In"", .. ' I h,,, 1I ... rol.-.I". "<1), ~ ,,·.b.i,.

23 1)) N ioo Hi. ~_",ily.!>orr~· I'm 1.«. Iw»"'",ohing,h<

hig gan,o_ [mil)" \\".11 . rom. "" In ~ I",,,, tI", i, '<k· O. '<",n.

,hi,i.my"",," N ioo Ob ... l,,'1o. Mono 'l".,o "'<e' ,ou. 1\;<0. Emily And,hi.i.,j,,·l).d, Dad Ildl<>, f\.i'"Q,

Nio" I '~11o O~d Corn,' "" i",n 'he li"i ng "",,m

D.d \\"""Id you lik,. d,ink,l\i<o' Oro ng. ju i". ."o(Ia'

Nico Oh , ,h.nl->, I"h"_ r-n h ..... , ",,1,. 1' ..... ",

Mom You'", ,,~<o,';.n . .... n" you , '1"0' Nico Ye-, I " n. I'<'<o,,,lh' I ,hink oating .n im.l. i.

,0<,11) wrong_ Mum Ahem . w.II "hi>i. \<~",.h"'''''~'''' 1""1 ....

you li~< i" E"'il),,' D.d n,>de i"

Dad An)' m~~I" .. gn •• Kit-o' N ico Oh, ul" "'" h,,,l<. [',n ,"" "rr)' hUllsr). Emily Tho I"'g'" I. dcliriou" I).d_ M o m Yo<. i, i<. O~d Th.nk)""

Em il)" I"IJ,I",hedL,I ... , .\10,,", Ihd "", I'll"" ,he",_

122 Listening

Ni<o Did),," w."h ,h. t>i~ ~.m. 'hi' .'·.nin~. 1".It ,,> Th. l.k." .nd ,he l<l,ic._ I, "''' ",!ling,

[h d '10. I ~idn', .. · ... h ;,_ I <Ion'. lik .. b .. "',b,lI" .11. I" f.<t, I h ... i,

Nko Oh

M"n> So, .. ~·h .. "")"'" 1'"n~ ,,,down<n ~ 'QU fini,h ,oHog •• :-;"100'

Ni,'" Vh. I.)",,', kt,~" . rhd I\·h .. >re you "ud!'inG in "'liege? Nion S""i<>Io~', Do d \\ h,' did "ou .hoos<: socioJog~' > Nko B,·"u""r,t.ough,;,,,· .. ,, •• ) Mom h i, in'<f",'in~' N ico I,", OK , I 'h ... II"hu w>< F ",il<' lik." . lin re

~i,I , M"inn' IX. )'Ou h" .. 'n)' phC.<><ofher> Mom !'hot". oflmil!" \ cs, Wc h .. " , h""SlInd. of

pho'o>, S .... ,,"' 'ho ,ut<>t linl< girl. ", .. " ', .h. lohn'

Oad Y".,I><", .. " ~ I".,u,irllllill l.~ irl, Nioo C." I""somc? Emil)" Oh, no, pl<'", .\ l "m lolt" .• ,,, ;ou b'i,,~ , .... ph",,,,,II.,, ,,,,,

.\\n," L<><>k . • nd ,hi. i,nn< "he" ,h. ,,'>< ,h,c;, ,·.,,,oId

D;d And ,hi> i>" I"," " .• w,'n' '0 Di,"o! WorW. Th,,', [mil; .. i,h Mic I. .. )' . ,," ~Ii",", _\[00"',

" ieo "'h·Sh.",,, .... , ,, .... ,, n.~ \\,,,,,'d),,,, li k. ,,,,,,1-.,, <001,. Ki,,,' N kn Ye',~""',Jnh",

32 ))) ,""·n-i.,..,,, G....,J mo,nin~ ,001 "·.k",,,., 0 "

'''''"J""' 1"'0;:" '" "" ',, ."-';n ~ "",11. ,,,,," , .I"~i"g I", h< "odi<>. ,," h,'" ~r.""n. ,he di"'<t"r of' .inging«~ in ~1i.mi .• nd Moll,· .• >I''''.n,,, I-<.noo·, , ... h<><>1. G....,J mornin~ to both of y'~'

F .. nou I Moll)" G"",I mumi"ll-I n'e,,·ie ..... M"' , F,,,,,,o, .. " "'>u ,dl U', wh,' i , i,

• ~ ... '" id., ,-", J""~. ,n 1<>,"' '0 . ing' . Fr.neo F;",. 1>«".," .;nging m.k •• "ou f",,1 g"'-'<i

And «condl)". oc<>.« 'in~ing i, 'W)' ~ f", ~""'f hc.lth.

I"t<-"'k,, <' R ... II,·' In "h .. ",,? F .. ncu \1',,11, "h,,;, ,~, ... , '" '0 ;i"g)"" "..,J .0

k ,,,"O hr." h«orrw ly. rh . .. ,,'o,) 'mpo",n!. And I'OU ,Iso k.rn '0 ".nd.nd ,i, """",.,1>. A" '",ul., poople" It<.> .ing "'" u(,rn in br"" <h'I'" .nd ho. I,h'" ,h.n p<opl. ,,1'0 ,100'-"

I n'''<>';~'''", "'''' ."co. , <1"", • .-.,1)' for prof«'i",ul ,inge",

F raneO No. not ".11. rhoy',c(u' <,,<,)'bvo.l) . You don-' n«d TO ho,-•• ny <xp<"ri<m-. wi,h ,i"~in~ And W" 00rt', n.....! 'u be ,b"',o , .. Il mu.1<

I n'~" le,,'., ~o """ do ""U' >1"<1<",.1<,,. '0 ,in~'

Fran oo Th.,- .... ,,' h)' Ii"<ni"g ,nd "'I'<>ling. ~i"gins ",ell i, « , Ity ~5·'41i>"'";ng.

I "<C "'ioWOI O K. Moll)". ,,11 ", ,00,,' ,h. ,-I .... Ho"'long did i' I",,'

M "n) Onl) ",,, ,b) . Fro", ,e" I" ,he m"rn ing '0 .ix in , h<"'<n ing

I n", ,,'io,,'or Could """ .I, rad,' , ing " .. 11 brfUh" )',", " .. ,cd'

M ull) I'u. no' ",,11. ! \ .• ,I" .)" Il k.rl <i"gi"g_lIu, 1<>", ",.d mu.i< .• nd I n<"cr 'hough' I sang ,'cr<' ,,'oIl

I n.cr'·;.wOl So "'h .. h.pp<n<d during .h. d " . ,' MolI~' Wdl, r,,,, ",did. M ofli>l.ni,,~ , ,,,I

tor."bin~ ",,,'i,t< ... od "e ,.,,,.,,,1 <t1",. ",h., I""f<~' i"g ,e<h" ;q"~ •.

I ne.,,·ie..-.' \\,h>< <Of" of ,hinS" Molly Well, forcx.mplowole .. n.d'h .. i .... .,i.r

f(I ' iog high n",,, if y ...... • iug" i.h •• u'pri,.-d 10.,,1. on ) '-"" (",-,'

I n' e r";." ·' r Oh .... 11,-, Cnuld ,-00 ,1Kw. u, ' Moll)' \\ cll.I"II "~· . I n,." -i.,,-,, For ,ho><' of)",,", h"", .. , ! '-'n

prumi .. \011 ,hat Moll) 1",,1..<1 "") <url',i<td . W.", )OU h.pl')' wi,h )'our pr"!l"'"

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"ngi"g In .1 .. '0<1 p<,(o« h,m,onr _ I, ,,'" 'm>ling, In just Onc d". wc "'0111' "",. mu,h l>rtl ..

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24 Listening

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(d' phor>< . H.I Iu, RoM 11', 110"" ... C. n )"" si'''' me ... 11''1''''',,', "",,,,, king "d lik. ''',,'~ .bot"

15 ))) Rob ,,,,,,,,., '."a, 1I.ob~ 1 It.". "", ... b,ng ",..,U)'<'O. 't .. b ,,,,",-. sornothin, '" 1<11 ~"". , ..... ''''' 11" ,,"", ,tn ny 11".11 I,hough,a"i",bot",,",,'ng'"

I "n,loll" Il,ob Mu, )''-'" dun', n<cd '0 "K,..e '0 I.., .... "" . f<nn)" "h,.' Rot. Il-arw.,,,,ali«! n .... oIic-<. ,"nn,- Wbit,"""" 11.01> ~"'oIJ..,.,..jm<.job, H .... ;n r.. .... IM' I~nny "h .. !~ Uh. ,h,'-' ,re .. ne,,". Rob loudoo,...""",,) p .... sod. ,en"y I . m.l mnn. i'-'II'"'' Ir·, juJf 'h" . Ro b ",h,. ~

ronny '''''''' B>rb> .. . n .""iI ,hi. """ • .1"1' R"b .~I'I<I?

'<on~ I IOId het- , .... ""~""I!.a"" """·'"",nl.""ka. Rob Don', .. -or.,., \h,-"" .It.< h .. n·, ",.J )''''''

«n.;' I'or,

/Cfl"y,:II<,U"« 11 0<100" H. I ..... 8;rtban K ... "" ,enny B>, ..... rh·,'.nnv. B .. t..n. Oh. hi,..n) 'un) Urn. b"." vQoI " ... ,,,,,,~.il. T«<'nt" "

Th.-... · • .- f<-otn me lI. r h . .. 010) • •. 1 ...... i' . 1 h.",,,) ",,,,,,,",, i, l'" fonnr. 1)0,,', nl"''' I,' f)."'. i<! ~Ie .. e i." d., .. , i,.

1', ",pI. in lm, B •• b .... O K. ,,', se-. 1."' •• ~.hi"l!.loilh, . fenn)" ' on n} I~.''''nl> :-." .... "." ...

19 ))) And fi •• II!· Oft ,' ,,"" 1'otI~! "'!e'" funDI >I"H '" ch ... , ~."" up ono ~ lond.), n''''n' ''~.

U" ~ .. urd.~ n"ht. K"iotPor-fK, .• _ ... Ma lo<-,'hoopi .. ,."' ... ht>m<from ...... "._ .... \~,.n«l ,he dnot", ,h . .... 'i.«I ,h .. hot. "', ..,.. ...... hoth., in~ "'''''. ""''11''''. I .... ad ofbti"lloawJ­<t)J« M,. 11. ",,,«I.n.dioK ""' .• ..:1 , ........... ...... ' ...... ·nro h ... """"'hin" .. <u.""" ,...,.., _0' '''' "ble ,1'1<1 ... , "" ""'piu< l'hon "" IarrtpooI dMI" ""'" thot floor .,id immt'd'."ty ....... , .. ..... I le ""'" .11 "i,oh, . , ""'Ing "H)' ....... .,. K ........ Id.·' ~ndc .... nd wh., ,h. ""t/Of .... " i'~)-on hot h.ad n.,., beh,.-<d Ii~~ ,h" b.-f"". Ho ........ " .. b.-, ..... ..... , h.-, "';Shbor ,h. , ... " "",",inl!- , "" m'''«r .... ,,,-,,,..d,

20 ))) \t) ..... ~hbor ,old "'" ,h ...... -.. .. , h"'ln, d'n' .... "'~ "rH'" ~ .. urd " . ~udd,n')' ... "''' ,m' , .• ' f.,.,,'" k Ln t"""ih d .. '~H" I, ~ .• • or<" ".<.u .... " ,,'," ho< ,lo~·. And 'he.,.".. .. r' hot l"""pIt 'ri1kd hi. d.i"k "" ,hot n..u.. and ,0'" ... "'''~ ""oklng ~ - ..... .., pt<>b.~ .• hi"",. Su.U( """ ...... -b<n f''<) J'>' ........ """'· ... <>mpkt.h d, .. nl' , ,ook h,n' ,n,1>< ' ... t'" ... ~, .m" bu, '"'~ i'" ..... , fi,.". """.

21 ))) ' r l. H<llo Rn,." .... ,) """'.r< y"" ,hi. "",,"i,,!!' R,,><m'<)" H<1I"",i, ,'," fi .... ,h.nk •. bUt )'",,'11

...... ... g_ .. -tu,', h'pI""N.l><l.nd I.m ....

..., .• """' .... up' t.lo 0,;01 ,xl ..... r",_ f,om 0><:<, ......... ' n." , .. ~

"" If"" , .... ' ,h • .., 1.> .. " ... ~ •• od ,hey Innk«l , ... Ih h.pp"

Roocm.cy I'<o.it '.""flni,d)"" ... II .. ,n"l-.rm ""H."'''" TI •• ) ....... h'.'Df. "",hI< .' ~"" .. , ...

h i. '10' \\ hm~ RO'~lIlarr L." ,,~h' .. ,',., hr, ..... ht>m< from 'M.

1.,. lI"h"J,J'h ..... yl R,,,ornary W.II,' wu,, ', ""'~' Ii""""~ Irl. Of."",,.,,,,,, 11.0..,"''')" 11", I, ""kln'r he'p 1tc"'''1- ~I-.r I,.,

.. ' l iag '" """")' . • ,.,1 ..,r ' ou'''. 'h ... "' .... ''') ,1t'D.

'ri ............ , did ""'Y ~~ Rn.una. )" WoIJ.th< aid,h ... h.- .... pni'o ... )

" 'i,h her " .... 'h.-'I She ,old him 'h" ,h • ......,Id"·' rom' h1<k, ,ri, Oob. ho>w." ful. Wh .. . hoot, ,h. child",n'

RO'om'<r S"" .. id ""''' r.ko ....... "'hct- " ...... I _,u/'PO>" .... lI •• ke , ...." " 'dh .... in .he ....... """ .n)'....,-.' .... fi,. mlnut •• La .... I ..... hn Ic..-i"l the hnu", -.. ith , .uit ... el

IT" 1'<01 \ \ '1»' ,k» ..... thlnl.ho". 10" i"~ h,mll .... .«ing '''OIh .. ",,,,,,.n?

n o;e .... )" ldon', ."0,,. Oob.he .. '. myt,,,. ,," ',,",-.- /0"""" .,11 11 ... juon from.oe."'"h.­"..,.., ~h.- .... '.,.. ''''''''lib! , .................. hi"!! ....... thi"!! "r.m~'''''''' him

22))) r. r k 11 ;. Fn"". I"mb. ck. \I h"", ... IOU? F,m m. I'm u","i" i~ ,"" bNroom ,"", 1'" ling J.~k Wm" \I he", .... I"" JeOing~ cmm. rml!"i"lro"'l .. ~h"" m"",. j.ck \\ ... , .... ppo-<>r<J ' o hof' "mm. She· ....... n ..-odc""Sh,'"l o~ '''''>I'''''

.... "d,,·.'od <h.', b ...... " h .. l<J:, ,.ck 'I"",',"·f.' . ,'00< ' hi,,~ . C.n '~dr )'0.. wi, h

.nY'h''' ~~ [mmo h<,uall~.~".C,",IdJ_g<' n'1 ... "II

''''' .. e in,hr,k,...,' ,uk 'I",,' """doy ... ,h,nl ,,,,,l'luY< '''''>Jo.~ I:.n," •• , .. ",,', """" b.d umil ,hot -..rrl ....!. ' don)

,hin k, '"11 h"" ,,, mlk ,.'" ,ho·,OI<. . [" .. .,1," ,h. 'hikl"," '" "')' ';"d, rOf rho "igh, .• Dd .he·1I Ill. ,h.m ",hooIlo,nn,..,.,.. "''''''inll- C.n)'ou pid , he", ~p .f,~. ",hoot? ,.,k Of , ..... _ I an h<.>orr, NO""""n', ....,.'J.­nl·dll",. ".'11"" • .,..,.",.1-, fi .... ",d he ... ·.,....­,."",..,

Emm. Tb:.tnh. ..... I'he, .. ;·!lhoho",,~fi,r minme ..

Listening 125

-

1 lA word order in questions

questions with dol does! did in simple present and simple past

ques tion word

Where When What

does d id did

Use this word order:

you your sister you they

base fo rm (= verb)

li ve wit h your parents? take a vacat io n last year? work? s ta rt studying Engli sh? talk about?

auxiliary, subjecr, base form , e.g., Did you 80 Ollt last nioht? o r

question word, auxi li ary, subject. base form, e.g., Wh ere did you80?

18 simple present

1/ you / lVe / " IeY

G I usually work at home. G They don' t live near here. [1] Do you s peak French?

hel slle/ it

Holly knows me very well. It doesn't often rain here. Does Alice like jazz?

3 ))

12 ))

00 Yes, I do, / No, I don't, Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

Use dte simple present for things you do every day / week / yea r. or for things rhar are generally (rue or always happen.

questions wi th be

questio n be subject adjec tive, 4 )) wo rd n oun, e tc.

Are you hung ry? Is t here a bank near here? was that noise?

What are you from? Where were you born?

Make questions w ith the verb be by inverting the verb and t he subjecr.

S he is a teacher. Is she a teacher?

adverbs and expressions of frequency

We often go out on Friday niglu. 13 )) She doesn't u sua lly srudy on weekends. I'm never sick. He's always late fo r work.

2 She gets up early every day. We have Engl ish classes twice a week.

Use dOl/ 't/doesn't to make negat ive sentences and do/does to make questions.

We often use the simple present with adverbs of frequency (always, IISl1ally, of re /I. sometimes, lwrdl;' eve r, /lever).

Adverbs of frequency go l2.clru.e. rhe main ve rb. Adverbs of frequency go ~ be. spelling rules for the 3rd person -s (he, she, it)

base form 3rd person spelling

add -s consonant + y ) les

work study finish go ldo have

works studies finishes goes / does has

add -es after ch, c, g, sh, s, z, and x. add -es change to-s

le present continuous: be + verb + -ing

A What are you doing? 22 )) B I'm sending a message to Sarah.

2 My brother is taking a two-month vacation in rhe US. 3 In this picrure the woman is standing near the window.

Use the present continuo us: I for things that are happening now, at this momenr. 2 for re mporary rh ings [har are happening now, this week. etc. 3 to describe a picture.

G I'm working. G I'm not working.

you / we / they

You We They

're working. aren't working.

he / she/it

He She It

' 5 working. isn't working.

[1]00 Are you working? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

Is he working? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't .

She's never sick . NOT She's sick /I Cl e,. Remember to use a G verb wirh 'l ever. Itneverraills. NOT {trfoes .. 'tlle.e, ,,,ill .

2 Expressions of frequency (Cl/er)' day, once a week , erc.) usually go at the end of a senrence.

spelling rules for the -jog form

base form -ing form i spelling

cook study

live

run

cooking add -;ng studying

living cut the final e and add -;ng

running double the final consonant and add -ing

simple present or present continuous?

A What do you do? B A What are you doing?

1 work fo r Microsoft. 23 )) B )'m checkingmyemai l.

Use the simple present for things that are genera lly t rue or always happen. Use the present continuous for an acrion happening now or at this moment. \Ve normally use verbs that describe stares or feel ings (non-act ion verbs), e.g., wallt, need, like, in the simple present, not cont inuous.

lA

GRAMMAR BANK

b Pur the words in the right order to make questions.

a Put the word o r phrase in the right place in the question. you live where do? Wl,ere do ),011 live?

you a do have car ? How old are you? (old)

I \Vhere do you from? (come)

2 \Vhere the train station? (is)

3 How often you read magazi nes? (do) 4 \Vhere your friends from? (are)

5 \Vhy you write to me? (d idn't)

6 Do you often ro the movies? (go)

7 \Vhat this word mean? (does)

8 \Vhat time d id arr ive? (your friends)

9 Does fi nish at 8:00? (the class)

10 Where were born? (you)

18

2 older is brorher your you than ?

3 often he how to wri te does you ? 4 th is time star t does what class?

5 Brazil from is fr iend your? 6 languages how you ma ny do speak?

7 she born where was ?

8 lasr go where you summer did '

9 father doctor your is a ?

10 come bus to you by school did?

-c: p.5

b Pur the words in the right order.

a \Vrite sentences and questions with the simple present.

he I usually get up late m He usually Bets lip late. Anna , like music rn

go movies we often the to We oJte" BO to the movies. always before go 1 bed 11 :00 to

2 ever her Kate sees family hardly 2 my sister I have a lot of hobbies ill 3 I 1 get along very well with my parents EJ 4 my brother I study at school ill 5 my neigh bars I have any children EJ 6 when I the mov ie stan [1]

7 he 1 go our twice a week ill 8 we I often talk about pol it ics G 9 how often I you email your brother rn

10 J I go on Facebook ve ry often G

le a \Vrite sentences wirh the presenr

conti nuous.

lr I rain G It iSII't ra ill illfJ

1 John I weara sh irt today! ill 2 It 's hot. \Vhy I wear a coat (1)

3 Anna I sit next to Ja ne today G 4 Hey! You I stand on my foot! ill 5 what book 1 you read rn 6 we ' th ink of you right now m 7 she I wear makeup III 8 they 1 make a big mistake ill 9 your mm her 1 shop at the mall III

10 she / Iive with her parents right now G

3 Saturday never shopping on go we 4 a ro I dentist year go twice the

5 in they breakfast the sometimes ya rd have

6 usually morni ng the we the li sten in rad io [0

7 in day park every Alan the runs

8 after drink I coffee 4:00 never 9 o ften John to go doesn't movies the

10 visit I once my month a 1110111

-c: p.7

b Complete the sentences with the simple presenr or present cont inuous.

The girl in rhe painting i5plavit!fJ the guitar. (play) 1 My dog's not dangerous. He . (nor bire)

2 \Vhy you su nglasses? It ! (wea r, rain) 3 You can rum off the radio. I to it. (not listen)

4 to go to rhe bank.l any money. (need, nOt have)

5 Be ca refu l! T he baby rhat pen in her mouth! (put) 6 A you usually on weekends? (cook)

B No, we normally Out. (ear) 7 A Whar you here? (do)

B I for Em ma. She's lare, as usual. (wait) 8 iusually drink rea, but I a coffee today. (want)

9 My sister from 9:00 ro 5:00. She's a secretary. (work)

10 \Ve in Chicago, but we in Los Angeles right now. (live, stay)

-c: p.B Online Practice

2 2A simple past: regular and irregular verbs

r egula r irregula r ~36 ))

I stayed with friends. I \Ve went to Brazil on vacation. I didn 't stay in a hotel. We didn 't go to Sao Paulo. Did you stay for the weekend? Did you go to Rio?

00 Yes, I did . No, we didn 't .

Wh rn Where did you stay? Why did you go there?

Use the simple past to tal k about fi n ished anions in the past ,

T he fo rm of the simple past is the same for all persons.

To make the simple past El of regu lar verbs add -ed. See the spelling ru les in the cha rt.

Many common verbs are irregular in the El simple past, e.g., BD > Ulc tlt,

see> saw. See Irregular verbs p.164.

28 past continuous: was / were + verb + -ing

At 8:451asr Saturday I was working in my office. 39 ») I wasn't doing anything important.

My friends were having breakfast. They weren't working. A Was it raining when you got up? B No, it wasn't. A What were YOll doing at 11 o'clock last night? B I was watching TV.

~ He / She / lt~as working. You / We / They were working.

G 1/ He /She / It wasn't working. You / We / They weren't working.

[1:][2]0 Was he working? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't .

Were they working? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.

2C time sequencers

On our first date, we went to the movies. After tbat we sta rred 46 ») meeting every day.

On Thursday I had an argument with my boss. The next day I decided to

look for a new job. We sat down to eat. Two minutes later the phone rang. When I came our of the club, he was waiting for me. T he acc ident happe ned when I was crossing the street.

We use rime seque ncers to say when or in what order things happen.

We use wllen as a time sequencer and a lso to join two actions.

I was watchino TV when t he phone rano. (t WO verbs joined by wllen)

P then, after that The most common way of linking consecutive actions is with then or after that, but NOT with after, e.g., I got up and got dressed. Then / After that I made a cup of coffee. NOT A(-ter I made a Ctlp ef coffee.

Use the base fOfm after did,,', for negatives and Did ... ? for quest ions.

Remembe r:

auxiliary, subject. base form. e.g .. Did )'011 BO olll last 'liB/It? or quest ion word , auxiliary, subject, base form , c.g .. Where did YOIIOO?

spelling rules for regular verbs

base form past spelling --~

work worked add ~ed stay stayed

like liked add ~d if verb ends in e

study studied y) ·ied after a consonant -'----'---+ stop stopped if verb ends in consonant-

vowel-consonant, double the final consonant

Use the past continuous to describe an action in progress at a specific moment in the past.

We often use the past continuous to describe the situation at t he beginning of a story or narra tive.

simpLe past or past continuous?

I was working in l11y o ffice when the 40 ») boss walked in.

I was having lunch when my sister arrived.

Use the simple past for a completed action in the past.

Use the past continuous for an act ion in progress before or at the time of the simple past action.

connectors: because, so, but, although

because and so

She was driving fast because she was in 47 ») a hurry. (reason)

She was in a hurr)" so she was driving fast. (result)

Use because to express a reason. Use so to express a resu ll.

but and although

She tried to stop the ca r, but she hit the man. 48 »)) Although she tried to stop the ca r, she hir the man. She was very t ired , but she couldn 't sleep. She couldn 't sleep, although she was very tired.

Use bllt and alr/lou811 to show a contrast.

AIr/fOII01! can go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.

2A

a Purrhe verbs in parentheses in the simple past.

Two su mmers ago we I..QQk (rake) our vacJrion in Vancouver. We 1 (drive) there from San Francisco, but our car 2 (break) down on the freeway, and we 3 (spend) the first night in Scan le. \Vhen wc 4 (get) ro Vancouver,

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete rhe questions in the simple past.

2

Where did you go on vacation last year?

\Ve went to Orlando, Flor ida. _____________ a good time?

Yes, we had a grea t time. ________________ wi th ?

I went with my family.

we s (nor ca n) find a good hotel-they 6 (be) a ll full. 3 ----------------------------1 We 7 (not know) wha t rodo, but finallywc 8 (find) We stayed in a hotel.

a bed and breakfast, and we 9 (stay) there for the week. We 10 (see) rhe botanical gardens, 11 (go) ro an

4 _____ the plane ticket ______ 1

It cosr $259. arts festival, and we 12 (buy) a lot of souvenirs. We 13 __ _ 5 _ __________ the weather like? (want) to go to Viccoria, but we 14 (not have) enough time and It was hor and sunny. it 15 (be) too far away_ The weather 16 (not be) very

6 _______________ at n ight?

\Ve went to cafes and restaurants. ....c:. p.13 good, and it 17 (start) raining the day we 18 (leave) .

28 a Complete the sentences with a verb in rhe past

continuous.

I was earing dinner, so I didn't answer the phone. (eat) I rook this photo when my wife in the yard . (work)

2 He met his wife when he in Japan. (live) 3 They for us when we arrived. (not wait) 4 she a coat when she wem our?

(wear)

5 T he sun _____ when I left for work. (shine)

6 \Vhat ______ you at 7:30 last night? (do)

7 _____ when you gave the instructions. (nor listen)

8 We _____ TV when you called. (not watch)

2C a Pur rhe sentences in the right o rder.

a 0 He told me he was a police officer and that they were looking for a th ief.

b 0 Then another man tried to do the same.

c DJ Onedayin2011 Iwassrand inginlineforabus.

d 0 The next day I read the story in a newspaper.

e 0 When the second man wem in from of me, I told him to go and stand in line.

f D A few seconds late r, the first police officer got off the bus wi th a man.

g 0 Suddenly a man ran in front of me and gOt on the bus.

h 0 After that, a police car came and rook the men away.

b Pur the verbs into the s imple past o r past conti nuous.

She arr.i.rm when we were baving dinner. (a rrive, have)

I my arm when I soccer. (break, play)

2 _____ you _____ fast when the police _____ you? (drive, stop)

3 It when we the restaurant (snow, leave) 4 I the game because 1 ____ _

(not see, work)

5 When you me, I to my boss. (call, talk)

6 We _____ in the library when we ____ _ (study, meet)

_____ they -,--____ in Tokyo when they _____ their first baby? (live, have)

7

-c: p.14

b Complete the sentences with so, because, but, or altho!l8h.

We couldn 't find a taxi,Hl. we walked home. _____ it was ve ry cold, she wasn't wearing a coat.

2 I woke up in the night there was a noise. 3 I ca lled him , ____ his cell phone was turned off.

4 she's ve ry nice, she doesn't have many friends. 5 There was nothing on TV, I went ro bed.

6 All the cafes were full it was a holiday. 7 She wanted to be a doctor, ____ she fa iled her exams.

8 The yard looked very beautiful, I rook a phorograph.

9 ____ d1e team played well, it didn 't win .

-c: p.16

'''jjll 'JAi-Mdg)

..

3 3A be going to

I'm going to work fo r an NGO. 57 »)) HeJs going to meet me at the a ir port .

2 I'm sure our favorirc tennis players are going to lose romorrow. It's going to rain m ll ighr.

you I we I they he I she lit

G You He

~G I'm going to We 're going to She '5 going to

They It

You He I'm not going to We aren't going t o She isn't going to

They It

00 Are you going to work for an NGO? Yes, I am. I No, I'm not . Is he going to work for an NGO? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't .

38 present continuous (future arrangements)

El ('mseeingafriendron ighr. 64 ))) She's arriving at lunchtime.

EJ She isn't leaving until Friday. T hey aren't coming ro rhe pa rty.

(1] W hat are you doing thi s evening? Is she meeting liS at t he restaurant?

\Ve often use the present cont inuous with a future meaning, especia lly fo r future arrangements, i.e., fo r plans we have made at a fixed rime o r place in the futu re. Don't use the simple present for this. NOT ,' sa som!:: fr "!::Jltis fOJliBlit.

work for an NGO.

work for an NGO.

Use be Boi,1a to + base for m ro talk about future plans o r intentions.

2 We lIse benoi/l[j to + base fo rm to make a pred ict ion when wc know or ca n see that something is going to ha ppen.

It's willter there, so it's Boiu8 to be colt1. Look at tliat car! It 's BoinB to erasl, .

P be going to or present continuous? ..... We can often use either with no difference in meaning,

e.g., I'm going to see Anna on Tuesday. OR I'm seeing .Anna on Tuesday. It's very common to use the present continuous with the expressions tonight, tomorrow, this weekend, etc. and with verbs describing traveL arrangements, e.g., go, come, leave, arrive. I'm leaving on ,vjonday is more common than I'm going to leave on ,vjonday.

3e defining relative clauses with who, that, where Use defining relative clauses to explai n what a pe rson, thing, o r place is or does.

A cook is a pe rson who makes food. 5 ))) That's the woman who won the lo rrery last yea r. A clock is something that rells the rime. Is t hat the book that everybody'S reading? A post office is a place where you can buy stamps. T hat 's rhe restaurant where I had dinner last week.

Use wllo for a person, tliat for a th ing, and w/lere for a place.

P that You can use that instead of who. She's the girl who / that works with my brother. You can use which instead of t hat to talk about things. It's a thing which / t hat connects two computers .

GRAMMAR BANK

3A b Look arrhe pictures. Ma ke senrences with 80;118 to + a ve rb.

a Complete with BoitlB to + a ve rb. be (x2) love rain

be cook do not go learn not listen see stay take

\Vhar movie are. you going to 5ee ronighr? _____ your sister ____ _

Chinese? 2 You _____ in class 3 n cxr year.

3 \Ve campi ng next su mmer. Wc in a hotel.

4 \Ve a taxi ro the airport.

S a wonderful meal tonight .

6 You can talk, bur I ro )'ou.

2 Nor rhar one. Ir _____ too expensive.

7 What you when you leave school? 1 \Ve _____ late for work! 3 You _____ thisbook!

-C: p.21

38 a Read the sentences. \Vrire N for now or F for future.

[f] I'm meeting Joe at two o'clock.

D I'm liv ing in an apanmenr with two college friends.

2 D \Ve're com ing back on Monday.

3 D She's moving to Canada soon.

4 D I'm wa iting for themail carrier.

S D I'm reading a really good book about science.

6 0 \Ve're meeting Alicia and Kenji for lunch on Sunday.

7 D Karl is arriv ing ar 6 o'clock.

8 D I'm srudyi ng for my marh exa m.

3e a Complete rhe definitions with who, that, or where.

A mai l carrier is rhe person!rlw. brings you your mail.

An octopus is an an imal lives in rhe ocean and has eight legs.

2 A lawn mower is a machine cuts rhe grass.

3 A wairer is the person serves you in a cafe.

4 A changi ng room is a room people try on clothes.

5 A bellhop is the person helps you with your luggage.

6 Garl ic is a kind of food keeps vampi res away. 7 A ga rage is a place people fix cars.

b Complece t he d ialogue between two aparrmentmates.

A What areyou dojrl(J (do)? B 1' _____ ________ (pack) my sui tcase.

A Why? B Because J 2. __________ (fly) ro Searrle at

8 o'clock ron ight. A Oh,l didn't know. Why 3. _____ (go) to Seatrle?

B 14 (scc) the boss ofVTech Solutions romorrow.

A Why 5 (meet) him ?

B 16 (work) on a project fo r him righr now, and I need to discuss it with him .

A Oh, well have a good rrip!

-C: p.23

b Write sentences with who, that , o r where.

She J rhe woma n J catch the same bus as me She's the woman who catches tIle same bus as me.

t Thar I the dog ' always barks at night 2 That I the store ' I bought my wedding dress

3 That ' rhe acror I was in Glee

4 They ' the children / 1 ivc next door ro me

5 This ' the restaurant ' rhey make grear pizza 6 That , the switch , comrols the air-condit ioning

7 He f the teacher I reaches my sisrer

8 T hat ' the room I we have our meetings 9 This f the light f is broken

-c: p.24

Online Practice

4 4A present perfect

I've finished my homework. 16 »)) She's cleaned rhe kitchen. He hasn't done the dishes. A Has she turned off her phone? B No, she hasn't.

yet, already

A Have you done your homework yet? ~ 17 »)) B No, not yee l haven't finished yet.

2 A Do you want to see thi s movie? B No, I've already seen it three rimes.

We often use rhe present perfect to talk about the recent past, nor saying exactly when things happened.

We often use yet and already with rhe presenr perfecr. I Use )'et in [1J and G sentences to ask if

something has happened or to say ifit hasn 't happened. Put yet at rhe end grehe sentence.

2 Use alread), in G sentences ro say that

We often use the present perfect re give news. Mary's had /Ier baby! A packa8e has arrived for YOII.

full form contraction negative past participle

I have I've I haven't You have You've You haven't

something happened before now or earlier than expected. Pur already ~ the main verb.

He I She lit has He I She lit's He I She lit hasn't finished the exercise. We have We've We haven't They have TheY've They haven't

Have you finished the exercise? Yes, I have. I No, I haven't . Has he done the homework? Yes, he has. I No, he hasn't .

For regular verbs rhe pasr parriciple is the same as the simple pasr (+ -ed). For irregular verbs the past parriciple is sometimes rhe sa me as the simple past (e.g., buy. b0l1811l, b01l811t) and somelimes different (e.g., do. did; done). See Irregular ve rbs p.164.

48 present perfect or simple past? (1)

Have you ever been to a costume party? She's seen that movie (wice. I've never met Nina's husband.

24 »))

We often use the present perfect to talk about past experiences in our lives when we don't specify a time.

P been and gone Compare the present perfect of be and go. Mike has been to Paris. = He went to Paris and came back. Mike has gone to Paris. = He's in Paris now.

4C something, anything, nothing, etc.

people

ill Somebody I Someone has taken my pen! G I didn't speak re anybody I anyone. rn Did anybody I anyone call? o No, nobody I no one. Nobody I No one called.

t h ings

ill I bought something for dinner. G I did n't do anything on the weekend. III Is there anything in the refrigerarer? o No, nothing. There's nothing in the refrige rarer.

34»))

present perfect or past simple?

A Have you ever been to Mexico? B Yes, I have. A When did you go there? B I went last year.

A Have you seen hi s new movie? B Yes, I have. A What did you think of it? B I loved it.

25 »))

Conversations often begin in the present perfect (with a general question) and then c hange to the simple past to ask for o r give speCific derails, e.g., \Vhell, what, where, wllo witll, ere.

places

ill Let's go somewhere this weekend. G We didn't go anywhere this Slimmer. [1] Is t here anywhere to park? o No, nowhere. There's nowhere to park.

Use somebody I someone, somethill8, somewhere with a ill verb when you don't say exactly who, what, or where.

Use atlybody I atlYOIle, anythill8, anywhere in questio ns or with aGverb. 1 did,,'t do a"ythi"g/asl night. NOT if didn 't do IIot},j"B'

Use nobody I no one, /lothing, nowhere in short answe rs or in sentences with a ill verb.

4A

a Write sentences in the present perfect.

He I clean the ca r ~ He's cleatled the car.

I She I buy a new jacket G 2 He f find a job yetG

3 I you speak to Mr. Jackson IT! 4 We I find a grea t hQ[eI G 5 They f fini , h eatingG

6 Jyou seePeterthi smornin grn

7 'you do your homework this week rn 8 We f reply to M,. Jone,', em ail yetG

48 a Complete with the verb in the present perfect.

Hm!e. you d<uLe. the grocery shopping today? (do) ____ you ever ____ clothes from tha t sto re?

(buy) 2 1 _____ always _____ a pair of designer

shoes. (want)

3 I the newspaper today. (not read)

4

5

6

7 8

9

10

4C

We ____ to the ncw shopping mall yet. (not be)

your brother _____ abroad all hi s life? (live)

They _____ to live in South Amer ica. (go)

____ before. (not fly) She

Ja mes ____ his gi rl friend's fami ly yet. (nor meet)

you in this restaurant before? (eat)

Ja ne _____ ro the gym . She' ll be back in an hour.

(go)

a Complete with somethillg, arlytl,illg, nothing, ete.

A re you doi ng auytbilllJ tonight?

I Did you meet last night?

2 ca lled when you were Out. They're going to ca ll back later.

3 I've seen your wallct ____ , bur I can't remember where.

4 There's _____ interesting on TV ton ight. Let's go out.

5 Did _____ call while I was out?

6 Did you go exciting on the weekend?

GRAMMAR BANK

b Write sentences or questions with already or yet.

He I arrive. (already) He's already arn\'ed.

I I f have f brea kfast . (al ready)

2 f you f fini,h f your homework? (yet)

3 The movie I start. (a lready)

4 J I not meet f his wife. (yet)

5 They J buy their math books. (a lready)

6 You're too late. He J go I ho me. (already)

7 J you speak J to him? (yet)

8 I J notread J hi ' new book. (yet)

-< p.29

b Complete the dia logue wi th the present perfect o r simple past .

A Oh, no! I~ this movie before! (see)

B Rea lly? W hen 1 it? (see)

A 12 to the movies in March, and it was in the theaters then. (go)

B O h, never mind. 13 ___________ to the movies in ages. T he last movie 14. ________ _

was Mamilla Mia! (not be, see) A , _______________ it? (enjoy)

B Of course! 16 it! (love)

c Complete with been o r gone.

"Where's Rob" " He's~ to the basketba ll game!'

1 The kids a ren't here. They've all out.

2 Haveyouever m the swimming pool in town?

3 1 haven't _____ ro Sue's new apartment yet.

4 My sister has ro teach in T hailand .

5 Dad's to the grocery store. The refrigerator is full.

-< p.31

7 I bought you rea lly nice for your birthday!

8 I rang the doorbell, but answered.

9 We went shopping, but we didn't buy ___ _

10 There's more expensive than New York City!

b A nswer with Nobody. Nowhere, or Nothing.

I What did you do last night?

2 \Vhere did you go yesterday?

3 Who did you see?

c Answer the questions in b w ith a complete sentence.

I 1 didn'tdo ________________ .

2 _______________ .

3

-< p.32 Online Practice

-

5 5A comparatives

My brother's older tha n me. 40 »)) It 's more dangerous to ride a bike than to drive.

2 People walk more quickly than in the past. 3 rmless relaxed this year than I was last year. 4 The serv ice in thi s restaurant isn"ras good as it was.

She doesn't dri ve as fast as her brother.

To compa re [ WO people, places, t hi ngs. or an io ns use:

I compa rat ive adjectives.

2 compa rative adve rbs (for actions).

3 less + adjective or adverb. 4 (IlOt) (IS + adjective I adverb + as.

comparative adject ives: regular

adjective comparative

short shorter l one syltabte: add -er

big bigger one vowel + one consonant: I double final consonant

busy busier consonant + y: y+-ier

relaxed more relaxed two or more syllables: more + adjective

58 superlatives

~

It's the dirtiest City in the US. 43 ») It 's the most popular vacation destination in the world.

2 It 's the most beautiful city I've ever been to . It 's the bes t movie I've seen thi s year.

comparative adject ives: irregular

adjective comparative adjective comparative

good better stressed more stressed

bad worse tired more tired

far farther / further bored more bored

comparative adverbs: regular irregular

quickly more quickly hard harder

slowly more slowly welt better

badly I worse

P Comparatives with pronouns After comparative + than or as ... as, we use an object pronoun (me, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun + auxiliary verb, e.g., My brother's taller than me. My brother's taller than I am. He's not as intelligent as her. He's not as intelligent as she is.

adjective I comparative superlative

cold colder the coldest

hot +: hotter the hottest

pretty prettier ! the prettiest , , beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

good I better the best Use the + superlative adjeccive to say which is the biggest. etc. in a group. Afte r superlatives , we use jn + names of places or singular words for groups of people, e.g.,

bad

far I

worse the worst

farther / further the farthest / the furthest

It 's ti, e no isiest cit), i" tile world.

2 We often use the + superlative adjecci\'e with the present perfect + ever.

5e quantifiers

too much, too many, too

[ 'm st ressed. [ have [00 much work. He talks too much.

2 My diet is unhealthy. [ ea t too many cookies . 3 I don't want to go out. I'm too tired.

Use too IIIlIcll , too man)'. too to say "more than is good."

52 »))

I Use lOO mllch + uncountable noun (e.g .. coffee, time) or after a \ferb.

2 Use lOO mauy + countable noun (e.g., cookies, people).

3 Use too + adjective OT ,"m too "well Ii; cd.

enough

0 0 you ear enough vegetables? [ don 't drink enough warer.

2 She doesn't sleep enough. 3 My refrigerato r isn't big enough.

I don't go re bed early enough .

~ 53 »))

[ Use euollah before a noun to mean "a ll that is necessary."

2 Use et/ouah .af!n a verb with no object. 3 Use et/ouah after an adjective or adverb.

SA

GRAMMAR BANK

b Rewrite the sentences so they mean rhe same. Use as ... as.

a \Vrire senrences with a comparative adjective or adverb + Ihall.

James is stronger than Clive. Clive isn't ru....n.rQllfJ a~ lawes,

Adam is shoner than Jerry. New York is more eKpellsive tball M iami. (expensive)

Modern compurers arc much _____ rhe early Jerry isn'r ________________ _

ones. (fast) 2 Your bag is nicer than mine. 2 My sister is _____ me. (tall) My bag isn 't ______________ _ _

3 I'm this week last week. (busy) 3 Tokyo is bigger than London. 4 San Francisco is from Los Angeles London isn 't _______________ _

____ San Diego. (far) 4 Tennis is morc popular than vol1eyball.

5 I thought the third Men ill Black movie was Volleyba ll isn't _____________ _

the first two. (bad) 5 Chi ldren learn languages faster than adults.

6 Manchester Un ited played Arsenal. (good) Adults don't _______________ _

7 The history exa m was the math exam. (bard)

8 My ncwjob is myoid onc. (boring)

9 My ncw aparrmenr is myoid one. (big)

10 I'm not lazy -I just work you! (slowly)

58

a Complete the sentences wich the superlative.

Is rh is the biggest city in the world? (big)

6 I work hardcr than you. You don't ________________ _

7 The Lakers played berrer than Ihe Knicks. The Knicks didn't _____________ _

-< p.37

b \Vrite sentences w ith a superlat ive + et'er + the presenr perfect.

It I good movie I II see It's the best 11Iovie I\'e et'er seetl.

1 Thais are people I've ever met. (polite) I Ir I hor coumry 11 be to 2 Yesterday was day of the year. (hot) 3 This is rime to drive to the city. (bad)

4 She's gi rl at school. (friendly)

5 This is part of rhe exam. (important)

2 She' unfriendly person ' I , meet 3 It I eas), exa m I he I take

4 The)' I ex pensive pants I II bu)'

5 It I long movie 1' 1 watch 6 timc to visit New England is the fall. (good) 6 He ' attractive man/ I / see

7 It I bad meal I II eat 7 Ulan Bator is onc of cities in the world. (polluted)

S I'vc ever fl ow n is to Bali. (fa r) 9 T hat's definirely movie I've ever seen. (fun ny)

S He ' interesting teacher / I I have 9 It I exciting job I we I do

10 Rob's daugh ters are all prerry. but I think Emily is (pretty) -< p.38

se a Grhe correct form.

How~ mallY milk do you drink? 1 I eat too! too mllch chocolate.

2 I eat too /fIlleh I too mml)' potato chips.

3 I don't drink el/oll8h water I water e1l01l8il.

4 I ca n't come. I am too bllsy ! too fill/ch bllsy.

5 You work too mild, ! too mall)'. 6 I don't have el10llgh time I tilll e ellollBiI.

7 I don't BD Ollt el/ouB"! ell01l8h [30 Ollt.

S She's too lazy I too mlld,la:)'.

b Complete the senrences with (.00, too much, too mallY, or e1l01l81!.

You eat too mllch red meat. It isn't good for you. I'Ill not very fit. I don't exercise ____ _

2 I can't walk to school. It's far.

3 There are ca rs on the Streets today.

-I- I spend time on rhe cam purer - it gives me headaches. 5 I don't sleep only five or six hours, bur I really

need eight. 6 I was _____ sick to go to work yes terday.

7 There were people at the parry, so it was impossible to dance.

S I always have _____ work and not _____ free rime.

-< p.4l Online Practice

El

6 6A will / won't (predictions)

A I'm seeing Jane at six. B She'll be late. 4 »)) The movie's in French. We won't understand anything. It's a great book . I'm sure you' ll like it. I don't think it'll rain tomorrow,

lE B I/You/He/Shel I It/ We I They '11 be late.

I/You/He/Shel It/We/ They

Contractions: '1I = will; WOlI't = will rIOt

[i] IZl I/you/ I/you/

Will he/she/ be late? Yes, he/she/ will. it/we/ it/we/

they I they

won't be late.

0 I/youl

No, he/she/ it/we/ they

6B will / won't (decisions, offers, promises)

decisions I won't stay for dinner. I think I'll go home ea rly.

offers I'll help you with your homework. I'll open the door for YOll.

promises I'll always love you. I won't tel1 anybody.

6C review of verb forms: present, past, and future

tense example use

won't.

We often use will I won't + base form for future predictions, i.e., to say things we think, guess, or know about the future. We often use J think / 1 dOli" rllillk + will.

I think he'llfail the exam.J don't think he'll pass theexam. NOT ft.'lj"kft e ",oii'tpass.

P be going to for predictions We can also use be going to to predict something you know or can see is going to happen (see 3A), e.g., Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. They're playing very well. I'm sure they're going to win.

Use will / won't + base form for making dec isions, offering, and promising. t'll help you with those baBs. NOT f he/pyou.

In? sentences with 1 and we, shall (and not will) is sometimes used to offer to do something or to

make a suggestion, but this is not a common use.

Shall we go for a walk?

19 ))

s imple present I live downtown. She doesn't smoke.

things that happen a lways or usually

present cont inuous He's looking for a new job. things that are happening now or in the near future

I'm leaving tomorrow. thi ngs that we have arranged for the future

simple past We saw a good movie last nighr. finished actions in the past We didn't do anything yesterday.

past continuous He was working in Chiang Mai. actions that were in progress at a past rime What were you doing at 7:00?

be going to + base fo rm I'm going to see Tom to night. future plans

Look! It's going to rain. predictions when we know I can see what 's going to happen

will I won', + base form You'11 10ve New York. predictions

I' ll call her later. instant decisions

I'll help you. offers

I'll pay you back tomorrow. promises

present perfect I've finished the book. recently finished actions (we don't say when)

Have you ever been to Iran? past experiences

6A

a Write sentences and questions with will I WOII't. Use contractions where you can.

E] it ! be easy to pass It won't be easy to pass. I G I thin k rhey J lose the game

2 I1J rhe meeting I be long 3 G she I get the job - she's nor qualified

4 III you I see him at work later

5 (±] I don't want to go. it I be impossible ro park

6 l:l you I like that book

7 (±] I (hink she I love the present f bought her

8 El there J bealotoftrafficinthcmorning 9 G you I find a good job, I'm sure

10 El everything I be OK, so there 's no need ro worry

68 a Match the semences.

lr's hot in here. [Q] I'm thirsty. 0

2 I have a headache. 0

A 1'1\ help you with it. B I'll make you a sandwich.

C I'll carry one for YOll.

D I'll lend you some money.

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete with will + a verb from the IiSc.

ee (2) get like pass snow

A Do you think the (raffic~ bad?

B No, because it 's a holiday today.

A Do you like this band?

B Yes, I think they famous one day.

2 A Is this a good movie. B Yes. I'm sure you ir.

3 A Do you thin k it ?

B No, it's not cold enough.

4 A What do you think I for my birthday? B I don't know. \Vhat did you ask for?

5 A I'm so wor ried about the exam! B Don'r worry. I'm sure you ____ _

A I can't do this crossword. B you.

2 A It's a secret.

..( p.44

B anyone, I promise. 3 A When wi ll I hear from you again?

B I you tonight.

4 A Can I borrow $50? 3 T his exercise is hard. 0 4 I'm hungry. 0 5 These bags are heavy. 0

E I'll buy some on my way home. F I'll send it by email now.

B When you me back?

5 A Ir's my birthday next week. B Don't worry. I ___ _ _

6 I left my wallet at home. D 6 A I feel sick.

e I' ll open the window.

H I'll turn off the music .... 7 I need that phoro urgenrly. 0 8 \Ve don't have any milk. D , I'll get you a glass of water.

B I you home. 7 A This chocolate you bought isn't very good.

buy call forget get Rave help pay take tell

A What would you like? B I~ the fish.

6e

a Complete the questions witb one word.

Where d.D. you usually have lunch? I didn't see you at work last week. ~you sick?

I ____ you often remember you r dreams?

2 you listen to the game on the radio last night?

3 \Vhodoyouthink win the election next yea r? 4 ____ your brother like rock music?

5 What you going to watch on TV ronight?

6 _ ___ it snowing when you left?

7 Were you at the party last night? I ____ see you.

8 you been ro the supermarkec?

9 ____ the movie finished yet?

S Yes, I know. I it again.

8 A These shoes are too small. S I a bigger pair for you, ma'am .

..( p.46

b Put the verb in the right form.

A \Vhat are we dO;"fJ ronight?(do) B \Ve 1 dinner with Diego and Luz. (have) A But we 2. ____ dinner with them last week! (have)

BYes, but they 3· _ __ tO tell us some good news. (want) A Oh, OK then. 41 ______ some flowers. (buy)

B It's 8 o'clock! Where S' ____ you ____ ? (be)

A I'm sorry. When' 6 home, I 7 to buy the flowers. And then I 8 Mark in the srore ... (walk, srop, see)

B Well, hurry up. We 9 late! (be)

A It's OK. 110 a taxi, and I'll be ready in five minutes. (already call)

..( p.49

Online Practice

7 7A uses of the infinitive

I need to buy some new clothes. ~ 24 ») Try nor ro talk about poli tics.

2 Ir'lI be nice to meet your parents. It's important not to be late.

3 I don 't know where to go or what to do. 4 A Why did you go to rhe party?

B To meet new people. I went to the party to meet new people.

78 uses of the gerund (verb + -ing)

Eating outside in rhe summer makes me feel good. My idea of happiness is getting up lare and not going to work.

2 I love reading in bed. I hate not getting to the airport early.

3 I'm thinking of buying a new car. He left without saying goodbye.

Use the infinitive: after some verbs. e.g .. want. need, would like, etc. See Verb forms p.158.

2 after adjectives. 3 after question words, e.g., what, where. whetl, etc. 4 to say why you do something.

1 came to this school to learn E1I8iisl!. N OT fVi le", ii English.

P Baseform Remember that we use the base form after auxiliary verbs (do I does I didn't) and after most modal verbs (can, could, will, would, etc.), e.g., Do you live near here? Can you help me? I won 't forget. What would you do?

28 )))

The gerund is the base fo rm of the verb + i1l8' It can be affirmative (e.g., 80il'8) or negative (e.g. , flot 80ing). Use the gerund: I as rhe subject or object of a sentence. 2 after some verbs, e.g. , like,love, hate, elYoy, etc. See Verb

forms p.158. 3 after prepositions.

Remember the spelling rules for rhe -illg form. See 1 C p.126.

7C have to, don't have to, must, must not, can't Use must + verb (base form) to talk about ru les and obligations.

have to, don 't have to

El I have ro get up at seven every day. 34 ») She has to speak English at work.

G We don'r have to wear a uniform at this school. He doesn't have to work on Saturdays.

[1} Do I have [0 buy a grammar book? What t ime does she have [0 get up in the morning?

Use have to + verb (base form) to talk about rules and obligations. Use don 't have to + verb (base form) to say that there is no obligation, or that something is not necessary. Use do I does to make questions and negatives. D o I have to 80? N OT ,'f ... e,'toao?

Don't cont rac t Iwve or l!as. 1 lla ve to 80. NOT Pt~

must I must not / can't

m You must do your homework tonight. 35 )) She must clean up her room before she goes out.

B You must not leave your bags here. You can't bring food into the library.

Use call ' t I mllst IIOt + base fo rm to say something is prohibited or to state a ru le. The words can ' t and must /lot have similar meanings. but cau't is more common in speaking. You can also use call/lOt.

The verbs must I must not are the same for all persons. The verb must is nor often used in questions (have lO is more common).

p must and have to Must and have to are very similar, but have to is more common, especially in speaking. Must is often used in official forms, notices, and signs.

must not and don't have to Must not and don't have to have compJet~ different meanings. Compare: You must not go. :; You can't go. It's prohibited. You don' t have to go. = You can go if you want to, but it's not Obligatory I necessary.

Impersonal you We often use have to and must with impersonal you (you:; people in general), e.g., You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. You can't take photos in the museum.

-

GRAMMAR BANK

1A b Complete the sentences with an affirmative or negative infinitive.

a Match the sentence halves. do not drive go have learn took for not make meet

Be ready [ID Dowe need D

2 In some cQunrries, it 's imporranr 0 3 I know you're tired, bur try D 4 Wewcrc late, so Tomo offered .D 5 It's difficult D A [0 drive us to the train stmion.

B tosl.v .. )OU I paSSpO(lulChcck il"

C not to fo rget people's names in a big class.

o to dress correcrly in public.

2

3

4

5 6

7

"Ill planning~a parry next week. A Hi, I'm Ji Suo B I'm Rosaria. Nice YOll.

What do you want tonight?

I need to the store. I don't have il ny bread or milk.

Try a noise. Your father's asleep.

I'd really like how to d rive.

Be careful toO fast on rhe way home - rhe roads are icy.

He's decided a new job.

E to change our money at the airport?

F nor to fall asleep during the movie! -< p.S3

18 a Complete the sentences with a verb in the list in the -irl8 form.

be do practice remember study swim teach text travel

I really enjoy ~ yoga . It makes me feci grear!

b Pur rhe verbs in rhe . illB form o r base form .

Ilike liHening ro the radio in the mornings. (l isren) _____ Pilates is good for your hea lrh. (do)

2 \Ve've decided ,---____ a vacar ion th is

lOne thing that always makes me happy is in the ocean. year. (nor rake)

2 You can't learn to play a musical instrument well without _____ regularly.

3 My mother's very bad at _____ names.

4 teenagers is very hard work.

3 \Ve won't take the car. It 's impossible ____ . (pa rk)

4 I'm nor very good at ____ maps. (read)

S My sisrer spends hours o n rhe phone _____ her friends.

5 You can borrow the car if you promise ____ slowly. (drive)

6 J hate _____ the first to arrive at parties. 6 Has it stopped (rai n)

7 by train is usually cheaper than by pla ne. 7 I don't mind ,but I don't like

S I'll go on for as long as I ca n - I love being a student! ____ rhe dishes. (cook, do)

1C a Complete the sentences with the cor rect form of have to.

I dQn't bave to go to school on Saturdays

I Janice ____ study ve ry hard - she has exams SOOI1 .

2 You ____ swp your car at a red ligh t.

3 your sisrer go ro Los A ngeles for her job interview?

4 ____ you ____ w fi nish [his now?

5 \Ve ____ get up early tomorrow. Our night leaves ar 6:30.

6 Will ____ work roday - h is srore is closed.

7 I go now. Ir's very late.

S we go to bed? Ir's on ly 10 o'clock!

S Ihate early in the morni ng. (getup)

-< p.S4

b 9 the correct form , have to, don't have to, must, III lEst not, or can't. Check ./ if both forms are possible.

o We 'don't have to I must 1I0t go to work next week. It's a holiday.

1 0 You dou't have to I must lIot rouch the oven. It's hot.

2 0 Do you l/ave to I must send a phoro with your passport form?

3 0 The concert is free. You do,,'t have to I can't pay.

4 0 I'm late for a meeting. I hal'e to I must go now.

S 0 You dar/'t lrave to I must not leave the door open - the dog wi ll get out.

60 You don't hm'eto/must Ilotcome if you don't wanr to. I can go by myself.

7 0 You call't I dOIl't have to use this computer-i t's broken.

8 0 You don 't IIm'e to I can't be ve ry tall to play soccer.

-< p.S6 On line Proctice -

-

8 BA should / shouldn't

You should wear a suir to the interview. 46 »)) I think you should change your job. I don 't think you should speak to her. He's ve ry stressed. He shouldn't work so hard. You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. It'll keep you awake.

BB first conditional: if + present, will / won't

If! miss the last bus. I' ll take a taxi. 2 »)) If you tell her rhe tTuth, she won't believe you. What will you do ifhe doesn't call you?

2 If you don't go, she won't be very happy. She won't be very happy if you don't go.

3 If you miss the last bus, takeataxi. If you miss the last bus, you can take a taxi.

Use sllOllld I shouldn't + verb (base form) ro give somebody advice or say what you think is the right thing to do.

should I shouldn't is the same for all persons.

We often use I fhink YOIl should . . or f dOll't tliillkyotl SliOlIld . . NOT -I tllinkyoil l,'rt'Juldll 'to

P oughtto You can also use ought to instead of should e.g., You ought to wear a suit. We don't usually use ought to in the negative form.

Use if + present to talk about a possible s ituation and will I WOII ', + base form to ta lk about the consequence.

2 The if clause can come first or second. If the if clause comes first, we usually put a comma before the next clause.

3 You can also use the imperative or call + base from instead of will + base form in the other clause.

If I miss the last bus, I'U take a taxi.

BC possessive pronouns Don't use possessive pronouns with a noun . NOT It 's ",iilt: btJok.

Whose coat is it? It's my coa t. 12 )) It's mine.

Whose jacket is it? It's your jacket. le's yours.

Whose phone is it? It 's hi s phone. It's his.

Whose bag is it? It 's her bag. It 's hers. Whose dog is it? It 's our dog. It's ours. Whose house is it? It's their house.

It 's theirs.

Use possessive pronouns to talk about possession. Is it yours? Yes, it 's mine. Use whose to ill about possession. Whose book is it? Whose is fIla! baB?

Don't use the with possessive pronouns, e.g .. ls a,is yours? NOT { of thiJ rflt: y ol11'S?

pronouns and possessive adjectives overview

subject object pronouns , , pronouns

I can come. She loves

You I

He I She

I It

We

They

me.

you

him

her

it

us

them

possessive adjectives

This is my

your -

h~

her ~

its I

our

j their

seat.

possessive pronouns

It's mine.

yours

his

hers

its

ours

~

SA

a Complete with should or shall/dll't.

You iliQllid srop smoking.

You work really long hours every day.

2 You lose a linle bit of weight.

3 You eat more fruit and vegetables.

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete the senrences with should or shouldn't + a verb in the list.

drive go leave relax spend study take walk wear

Wesl!ould leave early. It 's go ing to start snowing soon.

You a scarf. It's really cold roday. 2 1 ____ this afternoon. I have an exam tomorrow.

3 You alone in that pan ohhe city. Take a taxi.

4 You put so much suga r in your coffee. 4 She more. She's ve ry stressed.

5 You so fast at nighr - rhe roads are dangerous. 5 You ____ start exercising.

6 You ro bed. You look tired. 6 You drink less soda. 7 Parents mo re time with their ch ild ren. 7 You drink more water.

S You go to bed so late. 8 \Ve a break yet ~ we only sta rted work at J 0:00.

-< p.61

SB b Complete with the correct form of the verbs.

a Match the sentence halves.

I f you leave now, [Q J The ticket will be cheaper D 2 If I don'r see you thisafrernoon, D 3 You'll learn more quickly D 4 If you get thar new job, D 5 You won't pass your drivi ng tes t D 6 If I lend you this book, C A if you don't rake enough lessons.

B will you give it back to me soon?

C you1Iteateh-the-&ee-ticl+n:

If we iliW walking, the bus will come. (start. come)

I If you me your secret, I anybody else. (tel l, not tell)

2 If! it down, I it. (nor write, not remember)

3 you me if you any news? (ca ll ,get)

4 She you if you her nicely. (help, ask)

5 I you if I from Alex. (call, hear)

6 You your friends if you ro Paris. (miss. move)

7 !fyou carefully, you everything. (listen , understand)

8 The boss very happy if YOll lare for work. (not be, be)

9 I you home if YOll me directions. (drive, give)

o if you travel after 9:00. -< p.62 E if you come to every class.

F will you earn more money?

G I'll ca ll YOll this evening.

SC a @thecorrectform.

\Vhose car is that? It's her J~ I This isn't my J mit,e pen. It's Susan's.

2 I thinkthisbookisyol1r /yol1rs.

3 This isn't your su itcase. It's ours / our.

4 Where's Mary? I think these are her J ',ersgloves.

5 T hese keys are mine / the mine.

6 They showed us all theirs / their vacation photOgraphs.

7 These sea ts are theirs I tlieir, not ours. We're over there.

8 Is this YOllrs I your bag?

9 This isn't my jacket. It's her J hers.

b Complete the sentences with a pronoun or possessive adjective.

This isn't my coffee. It's yours. Whcre'sI1.l.i..u..e.?

A Is that her car? B No, it 's her boyfriend's. is a white Ford.

2 Maya has a new boyfriend, but I haven't met ____ yet.

3 Look. Here's a photo of Alex and Kim with new baby. 4 \Ve've finished paying for our house, so it's ____ now.

5 These are our tickets. Can you give Maria and Marra ?

6 We're ve ry lucky. Our parents bought th is dog for ___ _

7 \Ve berh love gardening. \Vould you like to see ___ _ garden?

8 New York City is famous for tall buildings.

-< p.65

Online Practice -

' ...

9 9A second conditional: if + past, would / wouldn't P be in second conditionals

Ifa bull attacked me. I'd runaway. 4 16 ))

With the verb be you can use were (instead of was) after 1/ he / she / it, e.g., If Jack was / were here, he'd know what to do. If you didn't go to bed so late, you wouldn't be so tired in the morning.

Would you take the manage r's job if they offered it to you? Use were (not was) in the expression If I were you, .. , 2 If! had more time, I'd do more exercise.

"d do more exercise i f! had more time. 3 If we weD[ by ca r, we could stop at places on the way.

We often use this expression for advice, e.g., If I were you, I wouldn't take that job.

Use if + past to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical future situation and would !wouldn't + verb to talk about the consequence. first or second conditional?

wOllld I wOllldll't is the same for all persons. Compa re the first and second condit ionals.

Contractions: 'd = would (J 'd,yoll'd, he'd. etc.); would,,'t = would IIOr. Use the first conditional for possible future situations. 2 The if clause can come first or second. I f the if clause comes first. we

usually put a comma before the next clause. IJI don't have to work tomorrow, I'll help YOI1. (= It's a possibility. Maybe I will help you.) 3 You can also use could + base form instead of would + base form in the

othcr clause. Use the second conditional for imaginary or hypothetical siwations.

98 present perfect + for or since

A Where do you live now? 21 J») B In Tokyo.

IJ I didn't have to work tomorrow, I'd help yO/l . (= It's a hypothetical situation. I have to work, so I can't help you.)

Use the present perfect + for or since to talk about actions and states that started in the past and are still true now. I've lived in Tokyojor twellty years. = I came to live in Tokyo twcnty years ago, and I li ve in Tokyo now. Don't use the simple present in this type of sentence, e .g. , NOT (l il t! in Fvkyo

A How long have you lived there? B I've lived there for twenty years.

A Where do you work?

for-twenryy= Use How loIlB"'? to ask quest ions about the duration of an action or a state.

Bin an elementary school. A How long have you worked there? B I've worked thcre since 2005.

for or since?

9C present perfect or simple past? (2)

A How long was Bob Marley a music ian? B He was a musician for twenty yea rs. A How many Grammys did he win? B He didn't win any.

2 A How long has Z iggy Ma rley been a mus ician? B He's been a music ian since he was ten. A How many Grammys has he won? B He's won four.

Use for + a period of time, e.g. ,Jor two weeks,Jor tell years,jor a 101lg time, ere.

I've 'lad rliis car for three months.

Use since with the beginning of a period of time, e.g., since 1980, since last Jllne, ete. I've been afraid of spiders since I was a child.

28 1))

Use the simple past to tal k about a fini shed period of time in the past.

2 Use the present perfect ro ralk about a period ohime from the past uncil now.

Compare the simple pasr and present perfect. Jack was married for tell years. = Jack is not married now. He 's divorced or dead. Jack has been married for re" years. = Jack is married now.

9A

a Match the semence halves.

You 'd feel much bener C1J I'd enjoy rhe weekend morc D

2 Ifir 'ssunnyromorrow, D 3 Wou ld YOll wea r it 0 4 If we learned Porruguese, 0 5 I wou Idn 't work D 6 Ifl wenrro li ve in Tokyo, D A iFj-oll did SOllle CXClcisc.

B would YOll come to visit me?

C if! bough t it fo r you?

o we could go to the beach.

E if ! didn't have ro work o n Saturday.

F we could go and work in Brazil.

G if! didn't need the money.

98

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete with the correct form of rhe verbs.

I fI ftmnd a good job, I would move to the US. (find, move)

I \Ve the house ifit a ya rd. (buy. have)

2 If you Ind ia n food. I'm sure you it. (t ry, like)

3 You more i f you harder. (learn , work)

4 If we a car, wc drive up to the mo untains. (rent. can)

5 \Ve our son morc often ifhe nearer. (sec, li ve) 6 I to that restaurant if I you - it's very expensive.

(not go, be)

7 I you rorheairporrif my tnom the car. (take, nor have)

8 I really like riding a bike, bur I my bike re work if! a car. (not ride, have)

9 you ___ your coumry if you ____ a well-pa id job

abroad? ( leave, ger)

10 I love li ving here. I hap py ifl ____ leave. (nor he, have ro)

« p.68

a Write questions with H olV lorlB and the present perfect.

you I he mar ried HQW lOtiO haveyolI heel! married?

b Answer the question s in a . Use the present perfecr + for or sitlce.

I've heel! married (or 20 yea rs.

I you I be frig htened of clowns

2 your sis ter I have he r ca r

3 you I live here

4 your dad I be a teacher

5 you I know your best friend

6 Britain I be in the EU

7 you I have you r cat

8 he I work for the sa me company

9C a ~i~the correct form .

She is l($lle's b? single since last summer.

I He left I He has left school tWO yea rs ago.

2 llit'ed I I've fi l'ed in Vancouver for two years, but then I moved to Toronto.

3 S/l e lives I Slle's lived in Flor ida si nce 2010.

4 My sister had I My sister has had her baby yesterday!

?

? ?

?

, ?

?

5 I work in an office. J work I J't'e worked there for 20 years.

6 Tile city changed I The city IlOs c1lOtlged a lot since I was a ch ild.

7 They're divo rced now. They were I They have beet! marri ed fo r ten years.

8 J met I I've met Sandra when I lI'as I hal'e beerJ in college.

I ! was a ch ild.

2 She three years.

3 I a long ti me.

4 He 1990.

5 elementa ry school.

6 It 1973. 7 We about twO yea rs.

8 He 2008. « p.71

b Complete w ith the present perfect o r simple past .

A Where does Rob live now?

B In San Diego.

A Howlong _____ there? (he / li ve)

B For three months. He there in September. (move)

2 A When ? (Picasso / die)

B In 1977, in Pa ri s I think.

A How long in France? (he f live)

B For a long time. He Spai n when he was 25. (leave)

3 A My brother and his wife ger along very well.

B How long married' (they / be)

A They married since 1995. They _____ in college. (be, meet)

B Rea lly? that in Chicago? (be)

« p.72 Online Practice ..

10 lOA passive: be + past participle

Present: am I is I are + past participle 38 )))

G Kevlar is used to make bullet-proof vests. G White-out isn 't used vcry much roday. (1) A re disposable diapers used all over the world?

Past : \Vas I were + past participle

G The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Coch rane. G Wi ndshield wipers weren't invented unti l 1903. (1] When was the washing machine invented?

lOB used to / didn't use to

You can often say things in twO ways, in the active or in the passive.

Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher. (ac ti ve) Tile dishwasher was invented by Josephille Cochrane. (passive) In rhe active sentence, the focu s is more on Josephine Cochrane. In the passive sentence, the focus is more on the dishwasher. ¥ou ca n also use the passive when it isn't known at isn't important who does or did the action. My car was stolen last week. Valva ca rs are made it! Swede/!.

Use by m say who did the aer ion. T he Lord of rhe Rings was writlen by Tolkien.

P used to or usually? used to only exists in the past.

G When I was a chi ld, I used to play on the street. 43 »)) For habits in the present, use usually + simple present, NOT use to

My brother used [0 have very long hair. G Children didn't use to watch much TV when my father was young.

My daughter didn't use [0 like vegecables. but nOw she loves them. rn Did you use to wear a uniform at school? Yes. I did.

Did you use to like your teachers? No, I didn't.

Use ll sed to I didn't II se to + base form m talk about things tharhappened repeatedly or were true for a long period of time in the past, but are usua lly DQt true now, e.g., things that happened when you were a child . IIsed 10 I didn 't use to is the same for all persons. I nstead of used to, YOll can use the simple past with an adverb of frequency. Wlwll was a child, / oft e.n playe.d on tlie street.

10C might / might not (possibility)

We might have a picniC romorrow, bur it depends on the weather. She might come wirh us , but she's not sure yet. I might not go m the party. I haven't decided yet. You might not sec him m day. He's commg home late.

Use mi8ltt I mi!JllIlIot + base form to say that maybe you will or won't do something.

SO l))

We milJht I/(/ve (I piCllic I,omorrow. = Maybe we will have a picn ic tomorrow.

mi8l1t / min/It Il o t is rhe same for all persons. l1Ii{j/1l 1101 is nOt usually contracted.

I usually cook in the evenings. NOT I-tlse-to-eoek in-the evenings.

p may / may not You can also use may instead of might for possibility, e.g., We may have a picniC tomorrow. I may not go to the party.

lOA

a Complete with present or past passive.

The Eiffel Tower wa s comuleted in 1889. (complete)

Many offhe things we use every day ~ ___ by women. (invenr)

2 in the US, most children in public schools. (educate) 3 Australia by Captain Cook in 1770. (discover)

4 This morning I up by the neighbor's dog. (wake) 5 Baseball in the sum mer in the US. (play)

6 The songs on this album last year. (record)

7 Nowadays a lor ofroys in China. (make)

8 Ca rols are songs that at Christmas. (sing) 9 These birds in Canada. (not usually see)

10 "Romc in a day." (nor build)

lOB

a Look at how John has changed. Write five sentences about how he was IN THE PAST.

11

He lI$ed to be sl im.

1

2

3 4

5

~ ____________ ~ ___ ~_long hair. _______ ~ _ __________ glasses. ___ ~ _______________ a beard. ~ ___________________ soccer. ~ ___ ~ _ _ _ ~ ____________ a tie.

10C

a Match the sentences.

Take some sunscreen. [Q] I Let's buy a lottery ticket. 0 2 Call the restaurant. 0 3 Don't stand on the fence. 0 4 Let's take a map. 0 5 Try the shirt on. 0 6 Don't wait for me. 0 7 Be ca reful with that knife! 0 8 Ask how much it costs. 0

A You might fall.

B It may not be your size. C We might get lost.

D It might be really :SU1I 1I].

E We may not have enough money. F You might cut yourself.

G It may be closed on Sundays. H We might win.

I I may be late.

GRAMMAR BANK

b Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning with the highlighted words.

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603. Hamlet was writtefl by Shakespeare i11160J.

Jonarhan Ive designed the iPod and the iPhone. 2 Most Mediterranean countries produce olive oil.

3 Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781.

4 Barry Sonnenfeld direC[ed the Metl itl Black movies.

5 David Hackney painted Mr alld Mrs Clarkalld Percy in 1970-197 1.

6 Elvis Presley didn't write Blue Suede Shoes.

7 JK Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. 8 They make Hyundai cars in South Korea.

-< p.76

b Make sentences w ith used to, didn't use to, o r did ... use to?

m you , have long hair Did YOII use to have /0118 hair?

I G my sister ' hate math, but she loves it now 2 m where , you , work

3 G I ' like vegetables when I was a chi ld 4 m what , you, do on summer vaca tion when

you were young 5 G Americans I put a lot of ice in drinks

6 G th is building ' be a movie theater 7 m your brother I teach here

8 G 1/ be a New York Yankees fan

9 [l] Jeff I have a motorcycle

10 G telegrams , be a way of sending important messages

-< p.79

b Complete the sentences w ith miBht + a verb phrase.

be cold be sick be in a meeting ge-te-the­movies not have time not like it have pizza

I'm not sure what to do tonight. I mill"t aD to

tile woyie$

I Kim wasn't at school today. She~ ___ _

2 His phone is curned off. He _____ ~

3 It's an unusual book. You ~ _____ ~ 4 I don't know ifl'lI finish it. I ~ _ ___ ~

5 I'm not sure what to order. I ~ ____ ~ 6 Takeajacket. lt _________ _

-< p.SO Online Practice - I

11 11A expressing movement

The ma n went up the steps and into the chu rch. He drove out of rhe garage and along the streer. I ran over the bridge and across the park.

11B word order of phrasal verbs

58 ))

To express movement, use a ve rb of movement, e.g., 80, come, rim, walk , ere. and a preposit ion (or adve rb) of movement e.g., lip, dOVJ/l, away, etc.

p in or into? out or out of? Remember, use into / out of + noun, or in l out if there isn't a noun. Come into the living room. Come in. He went out of the house. He went out. See Expressing movement p.162.

A phrasa l verb = verb + particle (prepos ition o r adve rb), e.g., nct lip, tum Oil, look for.

What time do you get up? 3 ))) I Some phrasa l ve rbs don't have ,I ll object, e.g., net lip, 80 011/.

2 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are separable. With I don't usua lly go out during the week.

2 Put on your coat. Pm your coar on. Pm it on. Turn off the TV. Turn the TV off. Turn it off.

3 I'm looking for my glasses.

these phrasal verbs, YOll can pur the part icle (011, off, etc.) before ill after the object.

Have you found your glasses? No, l'm still looking for them.

When the object is a pronoun (me. il, him, etc.) it ~ goes between the verb and panicle.

Here's your coat. Put it 011 . N O T Pttt-on-it:

11C SO, neither + auxiliaries

A I love classical music. B So do I. A I wenr to a classica l concen last night. B Sodid I.

2 A I'm not married. B Neither am I. A I don 't want ro get married. B Neither do I.

6 ))

Use So do 1, Neither do I, etc .. to say that you have someth ing in common w ith somebody.

I Use So + auxiliary + I to respond to affi rmative sentences.

2 Use Neither + auxi liary + 1 ro respond to negative semences.

The auxiliary you use depends on the tense.

3 Some phrasa l verbs have an objecr and are insepa rab le, e.g., look Jar. With these phrasa l verbs, (he verb (e.g., look) and the particle (e.g.,for) are neve r sepa rated.

I'm lookinnj or my Biasses. N OT I'm laaK;IItJ lily tJ~ See Phrasa l verbs p.163.

I don't like classical music.

~~~~~E having a great time.

simple present

present contin

can I can't

simple past

't would I wouldn

present perfec t

Icanswim.

I didn't like the movie. I was very tired.

I wouldn't like to go there.

I've been to Brazil.

• Be ca reful with the word o rder.

So do I. / Nei,""do I. NOT So+d& / Nei,herl-do.

P neither and nor You can also use nor instead of neither, e.g., A 1 didn't like the movie. B Nor / Neither did I.

Neither do l.

So am !.

So can t

Neither did I. So was !.

Neither would I.

So have I.

Neither is usually pronounced "nithr-', but can also be pronounced "nalodri .

- -

11A a @ rhecorrectprepoSition.

I lost my cell phone signal when we went across ~a runnel.

1 \Ve ran to I dow" the ocean, and jumped itlto I out DJ the water.

2 If you go over I past the bank, you'll see the supermarket on the right.

3 He walked alof/B! across the stree t until he got to the park.

4 The plane flew 011/ over the row n and then landed.

5 The dog ran toward /10 me, bur then it scopped.

6 \Ve biked over lout oJrhe bridge and in I it/to the city.

7 The racing cars wenr arollnd / under rhe track 12 times.

8 The little boy suddenly ran across I throl/B" the road.

11B a @thecorrectform. Ifboth are correct, check ./ the box.

Turtl off your photle I Turn )'ollr phone oJjbefore the movie starts. [Z] I Tonight I have to look my sister after f look after my sister. 0 2 Let's go out this e\'etlitl[J I go this evening Ollt. 0 3 Tllm dowt! the radio I TUrll the radio dowtl. It 's roo loud . 0 4 My brother is fookitlgJor a lIew job I looking a lIew job for. 0 S You should throwaway those old jealls I throw those old jeans away. 0 6 I don't li ke shoppi ng fo r clothes onl ine - I prefe r ro try them on I

try OIl them before I buy them. 0 . 7 TakeoJjyour shoes I Take your shoes offbefore you cQme in. 0 8 That's my sister-I think you'd rea lly get alOll8IVi1li her f

8et aio1l(J Iter with. 0 9 I f it doesn't fit , you should take back it I take it back to the store. 0

10 Whartime do you get up it! tile mOrl/j"818et itl the mortlill8 up? 0

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

He jumped i.uJ..Q. hi s car and drove away.

As I biked under the bridge. a train went _____ ir.

2 Come . The door's open. 3 This is rhe 3rd floor. Go those

stairs and you' ll come to the 2nd floor. 4 He wal ked _____ the ca fe and o rdered

a coffee. S I like going _____ on a Saturday night.

6 He took his passport his bag.

7 I'm exhausted. I've just biked ____ a huge hill. -< p.85

b Complete the sentences with it or them and a word from the li st.

back out on «2) up «3) down

I can't hear the radio. Turn tlllp..

Your clothes are a ll over the floor. Pick _________ _

2 Here's your coat. Put _______ _

3 "What does this word mean?" "Look _______ _

4 To get your passport, there are th ree forms. Please fill now.

S You remember that money J lent you? When can you give ?

6 Is there anything o n TV? Let 's turn __________ and see.

7 You won't remember my address. Write

-< p.87

11e b Respond to A. Say you are t he same. Use 50 ... 1 or Neither .. .I.

a Complete 8 's answers w ith an auxi liary verb.

A I like chocolate. B So ill! I. I A I'm rea lly thirsty. B So I.

2 A I didn't go our last nigh£. B Neither

3 A I was born in Seoul. B So I.

4 A I don't eat meat. B Neither I.

5 A I've been to Istanbul. B So 1.

6 A I can't sing. B Neither I.

7 A I'd like to go to Ba iL B So 1.

8 A I saw a movie last week. B So

9 A I wouldn't like to eat that. B Neither

10 A I can play chess. B So 1.

I.

1.

I.

A I don't like cabbage. Neither dQ I.

A I live near the supermarket,

2 A I'm not afraid of snakes.

3 A I wenr ro bed late last night .

4 A I haven't been ro Canada.

SAl don't have any pets.

6 A I can speak three languages.

7 A 1 always drink coffee in the mo rning.

S A ('m waiting for the bus to the airport .

-< p.88

Online Practice ..

181

12 12A past perfect

G When I woke up the yard was all white. 17 »)) It had snowed during the night ,

I suddenly rea lized that I'd left my cell phone in the taxi. G We gO( home just in t ime- the game hadn 't started.

When she got ro class, she realized that she hadn't brought her book.

rn A I went ro New York City last weekend . J rea lly loved it. S Had you been the re before? A No, I hadn't,

128 reported (or indirect) speech

d irect sp eech " I love you." " I've just arrived." "We'll come at eight."

" . don't want to go to the party."

rep orte d sp eech 23 »)) He said (that) he loved me. She said (that) she had just arrived. He told me (that) they would

come at eight. Jack told Anna (that) he didn 't

want to go to the party.

Use reported speech to report (to tell somebody) what another person sa id.

We often introduce reported speech with said or raid (+ person)

After said or told that is optional. e.g., He said (tha t) li e loved me.

Pronouns often change in reported speech. e.g., I changes to lie or she. '"' I'm tired." S he laid me (that) she was tired.

12C questions without auxiliaries

subject Who Which singer How many people Who

verb painted made li ve wants

27 »)) Mr atld Mrs Cla rk arid Percy? reggae popu lar all over the world? near the school? a cup of co ffee?

Use the past perfect when you are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past acrion.

Wlletl 1 lVoke up the yard lVas ail white. It had sno wed dl/ring the lIi8hl. = It snowed ~ I woke lip.

Make the past perfect with had I hadtl 't + past participle.

The form of the past perfect is the same for all persons.

Ilad is sometimes contracted to 'd.

P had or would? Be careful: 'd can be had or would. I didn't know that you'd found a new job. ('d = had) If you went by taxi, you'd get there more quickly. ('d = would)

• Verb tenses change like this:

direct speech I reported speech I WI can help you." He said (that) he could help me. (Simple present) (simple past)

"I 'm watching TV.H (present continuous)

"I'll call you." {will)

"I met a girl." (simple past)

She said (that) she was watching TV. (past continuous)

He told me (that) he wouLd call me. (would)

~---------------John told me (that) he had met a girl. (past perfect)

"I've broken my leg." ' Sara said (that) she had broken her leg. (present perfect) (past perfect)

P say or tell? You can use said or told in reported speech, but they are used differently. You can~t use said with an object or pronoun. He said (that) he loved me. NOT He .. aifIfflefthat) he loved me. You must use told with an object. He told me (that) he loved me. NOT He-ttlld (that) he love<fme.

When tbe question word (Who?, What?, Which?, How many? etc.) is the ~ of the verb in the question , we dwU use an auxiliary verb (do I does I did).

W ho painted Mr alld Mrs Clark arid Percy? NOT Villo ditipaillt . .. ?

In most other quest ions in the simple present and past, we use the auxiliary verb do I does I did + t he base form.

What music do you like? N OT What musieytnt-like?­See I Ap.126.

12A

a Match rhe sentence halves.

I couldn't get into my house because (g I When our friends arrived 0 2 I tOok the jacket back because D 3 Jill didn't come with liS because 0 4 I rurned on the TV news 0 5 Fumiko was nervous because D 6 When I got to the supermarket checkout 0 A she'd made other plans.

B I realized that I'd left my wailer at home.

C I'd itls[ ill} h)S. o I had bought the wrong size.

E it was the first time she had flown.

F [0 see what had happened.

G wc hadn't finished cook ing the dinner.

128

a Write the sentences in reported speech.

" I love you." He told herthat heIQved her. I "I'm hungry." She sa id that she ___ _

2 " I don't like sad movies." He told her he ____ _

3 ;'1'11 ca ll thedocror." Hesaid he ____ _

4 ;'I've bought a new phone." Paul told us that he ____ _

5 ") live downtown." She said that she ____ _

6 "We can't do it! " They sa id that they ____ _

7 "I saw Eclipse at the movie theater." Julie sa id thac she ____ _

12C

a ~;;0the correct question form.

Whatyo/J did /@d YOLl~ last night?

I What l/apperted I did l/Gppel/ to you?

2 \Vhar meatls this word I does this word mea,,?

3 How many people came I did come to the meeting?

4 WhichbusBoes / does8ototown? 5 W hich movie WO" / did wi,1 rhe Academy

Award this year?

6 What said the teacher I did the teacher say? 7 Who made I did make this cake?

It 's delicious!

GRAMMAR BANK

b Complete the sentences. Pue the verbs in the simple past and past perfect.

We didti 'tget a table in the restauram because we hadn't wade a reservation. (not get, not make) I Sonia because she a lot. (nor recognize, change)

2 My friend ro reil me that I my wallet in his car. (call, leave)

3 When I the radio, the news ____ _

(turn on, already finish)

4 She me the DVD because she it yet. (not lend, not watch)

5 The store _____ by the time we (close, arrive)

6 When we home, we saw that somebody _____ the kitchen window. (get, break)

7 Luckily, it _____ snowing when we ____ _

work. (stop, leave)

-< p.93

b \Vrite the senrences in direct speech.

He told her that he was a doctor. He said: "1 'trIO doctor" She said that she was studying Japanese. She said: ,.-___________________ _

2 Tony told me that his car had broken down. Tony said: " _________________ _

3 Yoshi said that he would send me an emai l. Yoshi said: " _______________ ____ _

4 Sella and Eberto said they were in a hurry. Sella and Eberro said: ',. _______________ _

5 He said he hadn 't finished his essay yet. He said: "-____________________ _

6 She told us that she wouldn't arrive on time. She said: ". ________ ____________ _

7 David said he had JUSt arrived. David said: " ______________ _ -< p.94

b \Vrite the questions. Do you know the answers?

How many Formula 1 championsh ips did Michael Sc!/II1lIac1ler will?

(Michael Schumacher / win) \Vhen _______________ president of the US?

(Ba rack Obama I become)

2 \Vhich US Stare ________ with the iener"H"? (scare)

3 Which books ? (J.R.R. Tolkien / write)

4 \Vho ________ the soccer \Vorld C up in 201O? (win)

5 \Vhich spon ___________ the lightest ball? (use)

6 Where ? (the 2012 Olympics / take place)

7 Which company ? (Steve Jobs / start)

-< p.96 Online Practice

Describing people

1 APPEARANCE

a March the sentences and pictures.

b

What does he I she look like?

She has Qlily red hair.

She has long straight hair.

She has big blue eyes.

She has dark wavy hair.

He has a beard and a musrache.

He's bald.

He's very tall and thin .

He's shorr and a litt leQverweight.

He's ~dium height and slim .

lO })) Listen and check.

p thin or slim? fat or overweight? Thin and slim are both the opposite of fat, but slim = thin in an attractive way.

Fat is not very polite. It is more polite to say someone is (a little) overweight.

Using two adjectives together We often use two adjectives together (without and) to describe hair or eyes, e.g., She has long curly hair or He has big brown eyes. Adjectives go in this order: size) style >color noun.

VOCABULARY BANK

2 PERSONALITY

a Match the adjectives with the definitions.

Whar's he like? What's she like?

friendly :'ff£ndlj, funny "f.'\ni generous ,I'd3Endf:J'> kind kamd lazy "Ielzi; shy iJaT smart smart talkative !'t;)blTvi

A person who is open and warm is

2 A person who talks a lot is

3 A person who likes giving people things is

4 A person who is friendly and good re other people is

5 A person who doesn't want re work is

6 A person who makes people laugh is

7 A person who is quick at learning and understanding things is (synonym illtelliBellt)

8 A person who can't talk easily to people he I she doesn't know is

Adjective Opposite (ri erldly -

b Complete the Opposite column with an adjective from the list .

cheap Ifip extrovert "ck'>tr;}v:Jrt hardworking "hurdw;)rkll) quiet "k\l.'a l:Jt serious l's l ri:J'> stupid 'stup:Jd unfriendly IAn'fn:ndli unkind 'ln'kamd

c 11 ))) Listen and check.

d In pairs, ask and answer about a member of your family o r a good friend.

A What does your sister look like..:2

~ She's tall and she has short dark hair.

A What's she lik~

P nice; funny or fun? Nice is a very common I±l adjective of personality, e.g., He's a very nice person. Nice describes a person who is friendly and kind.

A person who is funny makes you laugh. A person who is fun is a person who you have a good time with.

« p.6

Things you wear

a Match the words and pictures.

C lothes

cardigan 'kor(lig;Jnl

coat lout

dress /dn::s,'

jacker '!'d3CCkJL

jeans Id3inzl

pan ts Iprent Si

shi r t ,J:Jfi

shorts 1J:'lrt s

skirr .sbrt

5ui r 'sUl

swearer l'swCl:)r.

top Ilap

T-shirt l'tJ~rt

warm-up suit I'wxm Ap ':.utl

Footwear

boors 'OUl'.

fl ip-flops I'fhp flops

sandals /"-ixndlzl

shoes .Tuz'

sneakers l'snik;,rzi

Accessories

belt belL

cap krep,

gloves /gLwz'

hat 'h<£{,

leggings j'h::.gl1Jz

scarf Iskorf'

socks Isoks

tie 'tal/

tights lalls!

Jewelry

bracele t "brel,;I;'1

ea rrings l'IrIO/

necklace il nck1;)s!

ring TII)

b 119 »)) Listen and check.

c Cover the words a nd look at the pictures. Test yoursel f or a partner.

-c: p.B

VOCABULARY BANK

@] /' -

P wear, carry, or dress? Use wear f?r clothes and jewelry / glasses, etc. She's wearmg a hat. He's wearing sunglasses. Use carry for bags, briefcases, etc. She's carrying a bag.

Use. dress .(with no object) to describe the kind of clothes people wear. TV Journalists dress very well. Jane always dresses in black.

-

Vacations

1 PHRASES WITH GO

a Match the phrases and pictures.

'. J L-" I ."

go abroad

! go away for rhe weekend

go by bus I car I plane I rrain

gOldlillping

go for a walk

go on vacation

go our at night

go .s.ighrseeing

go iliing I walking I hlking

go lliimming I sailing I £J..[fing

b 3 1 ») Listen and check.

c Cover rhe phrases and look at the pictures. Test yourself or a partner.

VOCABULARY BANK

2 OTHER VACATION ACTIVITIES

a Complete the verb phrases.

book buy have rent spend stay sunbathe take

Hay in a holli l at a campsite I with friends ____ J2hQtos

____ £Q.Yvenirs

_ ___ on the beach

____ a good rime

____ illQllcy I time

____ an alNLImenr I ahicycle I sk is

____ flights I hoIcl> o nUM

b 3 2 ») Listen and c heck.

c Test yourself. Cover the verbs. Remember the phrases.

3- ADJECTIVES

a Match the questions and answers.

b

\Vhar was the weather like? It was ...

2 \Vhar was the hotel like? It was ..

3 \Vhar was the tow n like? It was ...

4 What were the people like? T hey were ... S \Vhat was the food like? It was ...

[B comforrable, lu.lU!.Iious

G hi.sic, rurr)'. uncomfortable

G friendly, h.cl!2ful l:J unfl:krully, unh.cl!2ful

0 lliYtiful, nice G nois)', crowded

[B delicious G oorhing ~cial , disg.JJ..S.ting

[±J warm, Elnn)' G very windy, fuggy, £l2.udy

33 ») Listen a nd check.

P General affirmative and negative adjectives G::J nice, wonderful, fantastic, great

O~ not bad alright

G awful, horrible, terrible

« p.12

Prepositions

1 AT/IN/ON

a Complete the chan with (It, ill, or OIL

1

2

3

b

Countries and cities Peru, Lima

Rooms the kitchen

Buildings a store, a museum

Closed spaces a park, a yard

a car

Transportation a bike, a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (not ear)

A surface the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall

school, home, work, college

the airport, the train station, a bus stop a party, the daor

42 J}) Listen and check.

Months February, June

Seasons (the) winter

Years 2011 Times of day the morning, the afternoon, the evening (not night)

Dates March 1st Days Tuesday, New Year's Day, Valentine's Day

the weekend

;~ Times 6 o'clock, two thirty, 7:45

night, midnight, lunch

c Look ar the chan for a few minutes. Then test a partner:

A Say a place or time word, c.g., Lima, Tuesday. S Close your books. Say rhe preposition (at,

ill, or all) .

C hange roles.

-c: p.14

VOCABULARY BANK

2 VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

a Complete the Prepositions column with a word from the list.

b

about at for in of on to with

I arrived New York City on Friday night.

2 I was very tired when I arr ived the hote l.

3 I hate wairing people who are lare.

4 A \Vhat are you goi ng CO do

B I don't know. It depends

the weekend?

the wearher.

5 I 'm sorry, but I rea lly don 'r agree you.

~ I asked a chicken sandwich, bur this is tuna!

7 Lee's invite Debbie and T im the party.

8 \Vho's going CO pay the meal?

9 I need co speak Martin the meeting.

10 I don't spend much money food .

11 Are you going to write him soon?

12 Don't worry the exam. It isn't very hard.

13 She fe ll love a man she met on the Internet.

14 You're nor li srening! \Vhar are you thinking ?

15 A \Vhardoyourhink Shakira? B I rea lly like her. I th ink she's grear.

68 »)) Listen a nd check.

Prepositions

~

c Cover the Prepositions column. Say the sentences.

P arrive in or arrive at? Remember we use arrive in + cities or countries and arrive at + buildings, stations, etc.

-c: p.23

Housework, make or do? VOCABULARY BANK

1 HOUSEWORK

a Match the verb phrases and the pictures.

b

clean the floor

clean your room

do the dishes

do the ironing

do the laundry

do the shopping

make lunch

make the beds

pick up diny clothes (from the floor)

pur away your clothes

set the table (opposite clear)

take out the garbage

13 ») Lisren and check.

c Cover the phrases and look at the pictures. Say the phrases.

2 MAKEORDO?

a Write make or do next co the pictures.

~d",Q,,-_ a crossword

~ __ a mistake

___ an exercise I ho mework

___ anoise

___ a phone call

, _---;._ housework

___ friends

___ lunch I dinner

___ yoga

_ __ plans

b 14 ») Lisren and check.

c Cover the phrases and look at the pictures. Say the phrases.

d Talk to a parrner.

What housework do YOll usuall y do? \Vhar have you done today?

\Vho does the most housework in your family?

Do you argue about housework in your family? Give examples.

What housework do yo u hare doing? \Vhar don'r you mind doing? Is there any housework you like doing?

-c: p.28

Shopping

1 IN A SHOP OR STORE

a Match the words and pictures.

check out

customer

fitting rooms

receipt

salesperson

shopping cart I basket

take something back

try something on

b g) 28 ))) Lisren a nd check.

c Cover the words and look at rhe pictures. Say the words.

P fit or suit? If clothes don't fit you, it means they are the wrong size (e.g., too big, too small, too tight, too loose),

If clothes don' t suit you, it means they don't look good on you.

2 ONLlNE

a Read the text about shopping online. Then complete it with words fr0111 t he li st.

account ,J'J,;aUllt

checkout 'IJckaot payment 'pc lm;'Jllt

auction ",)kJn cart "'un delivery ,,,h'hvJr i item 'all~m/ size \.\11: website '\\Ch\illll

Shopping online When you are shopping online, first you go to the lwebsjte.

The first time you use a site, you usually have to create an

___ where you give your personal information. You then

choose what you want to buy and c lick on each 3 __ _

If you are buying clothes, make sure you get the right

4 ! Everything you buy goes into your shopping bag

or 5 , usually at the top right of the page. When you

are ready to pay you click on "proceed to 6 ." You then

have to give your 7 ___ address where you want them

to send your things and give your 8. ___ information,

for example your credit card number and expiration date.

Many people today also buy and sett things online at 9 __ _

sites like eBay.

b 29 ))) Lisren and check.

« p.31

VOCABULARY BANK

---- ---------------------------------------------------',

Describing a town or city VOCABULARY BANK

1 WHERE 15 IT? HOW BIG 15 IT?

a Look at the map. Then read the description of Reading and@thecorrecrwords or phrases.

Reading is a city in the east / west of the state of Pennsylvania in the US, on the 5chuykiU River /

in the mountains. It is about 60 miles east / west of Philadelphia. It is a small / medium /

large city, and it has a population of about

SS,DOO.lt is famous for its discount outlet

shopping malls, which were the first in the US.

b ~46 ,)) Listen and check.

2 WHAT'S IT LIKE? adject ives to describe a town or city

a March the adjectives and sentences 1-6.

boring 'bJTII}

crowded 'krauddd!

dangerous 'dcmd3:JT;,)<';

modern {' mod:Jrn

noisy 'n:lIzii

polluted "p:J'!UllU

Opposite excjtjng

There are a lot of restaurantS and clubs with loud music .

2 The air is very dirry.

3 T here are too many people.

4 T he buildings were a ll bui lt very recently.

5 There's nothing to do.

6 You have to be careful, especia lly at night.

b Match these adject ives with their opposites in a .

clean klill' empty "cmpti exeit-ffig Ik'saltll] interesting .'~mtr~stIlY old 1001& quiet i'kwalat safe iself..'

c 47 »)) Listen and check your answers to a and h .

d Cover the words a nd look at the sem ences. Remember the adject ives and the ir opposites.

3 WHAT 15 THERE TO SEE?

a Put the words in the right column.

b

eastte 'I(&sl' cathedral 'k;}'eidrall church itJartJI department store id l'purtm;)nt ~tJr market ;'marbt mosque /musk! museum 'myu'ziJm palace 'piel;:'!.... shopping mall "fupll) m;'lV statue flst,ctfu temple 'templ town hall "taon h:'ll

Religious buildings Places where you can Historic buildings and buy things monuments

castle

48 ')) Listen and check.

c W h ich ofehe places in a a re there I aren't there in your city?

( !.h~re's a cathedral and some churches. ~re isn 't a castle.

-c: p.39

Opposite verbs

a Match the ve rbs and pictures.

Opposite

arrive (early) i;)' ra lVi leave

break ()'our alasses) brclkl

buy (a hOllse) (ba"

find (yollr keys) Ifalnu,

forget (a /lame) If;}r'gct

lend (m otl ey to somebody) 'lcnd/

miss (a trail! ) Imls!

pass (atl exam) Ipxs

push (tile door) pur

send (atl em ail) ;\cnd/

srarr (a race) 'stort

teach (EIIB/ish) It itJ!

[urn on (the TV) ,tarn 'on '

win (a Bame) 'Win

b Find the opposite ve rbs in the list. Write them in the Opposite column.

borrow (from somebody) I'OOroo' catch IklCtf/ fail /fed i

fix I repair Iflksi In'pcrl get / receive Igctlln\ivl learn Ibrni leave 11ivl lose «2) 'lul' pull poU remember In'mcmbar sell i'icll stop / finish istopi /'flmf, turn off ,tarn 'off

c 2 »)) Listen and check.

d Cover the verbs and look at the picrures. Remember the verbs and their opposites.

« p.44

VOCABULARY BANK

File Edit View

-

Verb forms

1 VERBS + INFINITIVE

a Complete the to + verb column with to + a verb from rhe lisc.

be bring buy catch drive find get married ge (x2) help pay rain see turn off

I decide \Ve've decided to France for our vaca tion.

2 forget Don't forger all the lights.

3 hope We hope you again soon.

4 learn I'm learning . My driving test's next mo nth.

S need I need to rhe superma rker. \Ve don't have a ny milk .

6 offer He offered me w ith my resu me.

7 plan They're plan ning soon.

S pretend He pretended sick, but he wasn't really.

9 promise He's pro mised me back when he gers a jo b.

ID remember Remember your dictionaries to class mmorTew.

11 start It was ve ry cloudy and it started

12 try I'm trying a job, bm it's very hard.

13 want I wam the six o'clock train.

14 would like I'd like a new car next month.

b 25 )) Listen and check.

c Cover the to + verb column. Say the sentences.

--c: p.53

2 VERBS + GERUND (VERB + -ING)

a Complete the gerund column with a verb from the list in the gerund.

be cook do have make rain reacl talk clean up wake up work

to + verb

ll1.iJ"------

I enjoy I enjoy in bed.

gerund

readjl![J

2 finish Have you finished your roo m?

3 go on (= conrinue) I want to go on until I'm 60. 4 hate I hate late when I'm meeting someone.

S like I like breakfast in a cafe.

6 love I love on a sunny mo rning.

7 (don ' t) mind I don 't mind rhe ironing. It's very relax ing.

S spend (time) She spends hours on the phone.

9 start* It sta rted at 5:30 in the morning.

ID stop Please stop that noise. I can't think.

11 feel like I don't feel like today, Let's go out fo r lunch, ___ _

* start can be used with a gerund or infinitive, e.g., It started raining. It started to rain.

b 29 )) Listen and check.

VOCABULARY BANK

c Cover the gerund column. Say [he sentences.

--c: p.55

get

Pg_t get is one of the most common verbs in English. It has several diff erent meanings, e.g., arrive, become, and can also be used with many prepositions or adverbs with different meanings, e.g., get up, get on with.

a Match the phrases and the pictures.

(Jet = become (+ adjective I pas t participle)

get angry

get divorced

get in shape

get losr

get marr ied

get nervous

(Jet = become (+ comparative)

get berect

get colder

get worse

Bel = buy I obta in

get a job

get a newspaper

get a t icker

(Jet + preposition (phrasal verbs)

get along (well) with

get on I off a bus

get up

8el (to) = a rrive

ger home

get (Q school

get ro work

(Jet = receive

get an ema il

get a present

get a (rcxr) message

b 3 54 )) Listen a nd check.

c Cover rhe phrases a nd look at the pictures. Test yourself or a parrner.

-< p.61

VOCABULARY BANK

III

-

Confusing verbs

a Match the verbs and pictures.

wear {werl carry /' kre r i jewelry a baB clothes a baby

wi n /wln/ earn /~rnl

a medal a salary a prize money Qgame

know /noo! meet /mit somebod)1 well somebody for the first time something at 11 o'clock

hope Ihoupl wait /welt! that somethitlB fora bus good will happert for a /0118 time

to do somethinB

watch /wolf look at Iluk retl TV a photo QBame your watch

look I lokl look like /lok lalk ' happy your mother about 25 years old a model

miss /m lsl lose Ilu zl the bus QBame

a class your Blasses

bring /brrol rake Itclk your dictiorlary an umbrella somethinB back your childrerl

from vacation to school

look for Iluk brl find Ifarnd i your Blasses your Biasses ajob ajob

say /sClf tell Ildl sorry ajoke hello a lie somethillB to somebody somebody sometliillfJ

lend Ilend; money to somebody

b 5 )J) Listen and check.

borrow "beroul mOrle)'from somebody

c Work with a par mer. A say a ve rb, B say a possible continuation.

A Wait~ ~ for a bus

..( p.63

VOCABULARY BANK

P hope and expect hope = to want something to happen and think it will happen, always for positive things, e.g., I hope I'll pass the exam. expect = to think something wilt happen, usually for a reason (not necessarily a positive thing), e.g., I expect I'll fail because I haven't worked very hard.

look and look like After look we use an adjective or an age.

After look like we use a noun.

Animals a Match the words and piccures.

bee 'bii

burrerfly 'h"t~rflal

fly f lml

mosquito 'm;l'skitoo/

spider l'sp'lId;)]'i

bull oul

chicken j'lJlbn

cow 'kau:

goat IYOOI

horse Ihxs'

pig 'p lg'

sheep ,'fip;

bat 'brei

bear ibcr'

bird ,b;udl

camel /'ka::m l

crocodi le /'!..rubda ll

dolphin "dolf;:ml

elephant 'cl;}bnt

giraffe 'd3J'racr

jellyfish fd3Cliflfi

kangaroo 'kacIJ9;'l'ru

lion l'la l~n

monkey "m.\ljh

mouse (plura l mice) im~IUSi

rabbit " racb;)t

shark ifark

snake snclk,

tige r I'ta lg::>rl

wha le 'wCII,'

b 17 1») Lisren and check,

c Cover the words and look at the pictures. Test yourself or a partner.

-c: p,68

VOCABULARY BANK

-

El

Expressing movement

a Match the words and pictures.

under (the bridge) '\nddf'

along (tile street) /a'bl)/

around (tile lake) l;l'raund.

through (the tlJllnel) llru

inro (tile store) 'ml U

across (th e road) la'kr:."l<"

over (the bridge) 'Ol.Jv~r

up (tile steps) \pi

past (tire c1lUrch) px ... t

roward (tIle lake) /'to(J~rd.

down (the steps) idnon

o U[ of (the store) flaot ovl

P in (to) and out (of) After a verb of movement we use either inl out or into! out of+ place, e.g., Come in. Come into my office. He ran out. He ran out of the room.

b 57 )) Listen and check.

c Cover the words. \Vhere did Snowy go?

0e went down the steps ...

P away, off, and back

We use away to express movement to another place, e.g., Go away! I don't want to speak to you. The man ran away when he saw the po/ice officer.

We use back to express movement to the place where something or somebody was before, e.g., After dinner we went back to our hotel. Their dog ran away and never came back.

We use off to express movement down or away, e.g., Get off the bus at the train station. The man ran off when he saw the police officer.

-< p.84

VOCABULARY BANK

Phrasal verbs

a Match the sentences and the pictures.

The game will be over at about 5:30.

I need to give up fast food.

Don't throwaway that letter!

Turn down the music! It's ve ry loud .

Turn up rhe TV! I can't hear.

He looked up the words in J dicrionary.

Could you fill out this form?

I want to find out about hotels in Mexico C ity.

It 's bedtime - go and put on your pajamas.

Could you take off your boors. please?

My sister's looking after Jimmy for me today.

I'm really looking forward to the holidays.

b 52 )) Listen and check.

c Cover rhe sentences and look at the pictures. Remember the phrasal ve rbs.

d Look at these ochcr phrasal verbs from Files 1- 10. Can you remember what they mean?

get up com e on

go aw ay (fo r the weekend)

go out (ar nighr)

s t a nd u p

s it dow n

turn on (r he T V)

turn off(rhe TV)

try on (clothes)

give back (something you've borrowed) take hack (something to a srore)

call back (lare r)

pay back (money you've borrowed)

write down (the words)

put away (e.g., clothes in a closer)

pick up (something on the floor)

look for (something you've lost)

get on l off(a bus)

get along with (a person)

-< p.87

VOCABULARY BANK

p Type 1 ::; no object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) are never separated. I get up at 7:30.

Type 2 ::; + object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) can be separated. Turn the TV on. OR Turn on the TV.

Type 3 ::; + object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) are never separated. Look for your keys. NOT L-ook yOUf-keys (Of;

Irregular verbs

29 )) Present Simple past Past participle

learn lI~rnl learned /1~rnd ' learned Present SimpLe past Past participle

leave liv/ left lcft left

be Ibi! was /w':Jz/ been Ibm/ lend Iknd lent I lenl l lent were /w';Jrl letllet let let

become Ibl'kAml became 'bl'kclm; become lose luti lost Ib stl lost begin Ibl'gml began 'bl'gren' begun Ibl 'gAnl

break ibrelkJ broke brouk broken I' brouk:ml make /mc]" made /mcldl made

bring Ibrll)1 brought i}JD\' brought meet mitl met fm!:l f met

build Iblldl built bliL built

buy Iball boughtlhot bought pay fpel paid Irelol paid

put put put put

can Ika:nl could 'kud, -read rid read !red/ read In:dl

catch Ika:tJI caught 'kot caught

choose Itfuz/ chose lIoozl chosen I' tJouzn f

come IkAml came kClm come

ring 'no! rang /ra::1)1 rung IrAQI

rU{l~An ran /rren/ run

cost I bst l cost cost say i<:;CII said Ised/ said

cut IkAt l cut cut see isi l saw Is:x seen /sin/

sett Is£l/ sold /souldl sold do Idul did idld! done IdAn

send Isend, sent I<:;enl l sent drink IdnlJkl drank IdncQki drunk /drAl)k

drive /dralv/ drove Idrouv/ driven "dnvnf shut j'At shut shut

sing 'sui sang Isa::l)/ sung ISAl)f

eat lit! ate lel! eaten I' itn sit Islt! sat '<jret sat

sleep l'lip! slept Islept l slept fall /foV fell :fcl fallen I'blan speak /spikl spoke Ispook/ spoken !'<:;poubnl feel lfil l feltlF.it felt spend spendl spent Ispcnt l spent find Ifamdl found ifaondl found stand 'strend/ stood istud/ stood fly /flail flew Iflul flown Ifloon! stea l 'stil i stole /<;toul stolen J'stou];)n/ forget If;)r'gct l fo rgot Ibr'gotl forgotten If;)r 'gatnJ swim /swlml swam /swi:£m/ swum IswAml

getlget l got Igol l gotten /'901nl take tClk ' took l tuk, taken I' te lbnl give Iglvl gave igclv/ given I'glvnJ teach I itS' taught ;I>t l taught go 19001 went Iwentl gone Iganl telltd told IIQoldl told grow Igrool grew Igru, grown /9l"Ounl t hink910kl thought lfJotl thought

have Ihrevl had !hredi had throw IBrool threw IOrUi thrown ~rounl

hear Ih lrl heard IhordJ heard understand understood understood hitlhill hit hit /Andor'sta::ndl IAndor'stud/

keep Ikipl keptlkeptl kept wake welk woke /wook / woken /'wookonl

know Inool knew fnu! known Inoonl wearwcrl wore /w';)rl worn !wjrnl

win /will won !wAn/ won

write tall wrote 'rout/ written !'ntn!

164 Irregular verbs Online Practice

Appendix

have got

I've got a brorher and two s isters. 44 )) I have n'r got any pets. She's got a beauti ful house. He hasn't gOt ma ny friends. Have they got any ch ild ren? No, t hey haven 't. Has the hote l got a swimming pool? Yes , it has.

fuUform contraction negative

I have got I've got I haven't got

Vou have got You've got You haven't got

J

You can use have BOI. instead of have for possession in rhe present.

I've Bot a bike. = I have a bike.

HaveyolllJota car? = Do you h ave a car?

We also use /wve 80t to talk about family and sicknesses, a nd to descr ibe people.

I've Bot two sisters. He's Bot a cold. Sh e's got /0118, browl! hair. have Bor is not used in the past. For past possession use hacl.

He / She / It has got He / She / It's got He / She / It hasn't got

I liad a pet cat whell Itvas a dd/d. Did you lfave a pet?

We have got We've got We haven't got

You have got You've got Vou haven't got

They have got They've got They haven't got

III 0 0 Have I got I have.

Have you got you have.

Has he / he / it got he / she / it has. a car? Ves, No,

Have we got we have.

Have you got you have.

Have they got they have.

a Write G, G, and rn sentences wit h the cor rect fo rm of have BOt.

they I big house G They 've Bot a biB house. I she I any brothers B 2 you I big aparrmenr rn 3 we I a lot of work raday G 4 your sister ' a smarcphone rn 5 Roger and Val , a beautiful yard G 6 I f a rea lly good teacher G 7 My brother I a job r ight now G 8 they I the same color eyes G 9 we I a meeting today rn

10 he f manyfriendsarwork G

a car. Ilwve ... I Do YOIl/wve ... ? is more common than I 've got J Hal'e YOIl801 ... ? in conversarion in the US.

I haven't.

you haven't.

he / she / it hasn't.

we haven't.

you haven't.

they haven't.

b Complete t he senrences with t he right for m of have Bot.

They love animals. They~ two dogs and five cats. I I hope it doesn't rai n -I my umbrella today.

2

3

____ your phone ____ a good camera?

____ a new iPad. Do you want to see it?

4 Sorr)' kids, I enough money to buy candy. 5 Ja ne ____ 50 pai rs of shoes - can you believe it? 6 I can't ca ll him now - I ____ an)' service for

my phone. 7 )'ou ____ your keys? 1 can't find mine.

8 Maria's so lucky - she ____ beauriful , curly hair. 9 O ne more ques tion, Mr. Jones. ____ you ___ _

any exper ience? 10 We might have problems gett ing there because we

____ aG PSinour car.

« p.S9

Appendix 16

Vowel sounds

tTCe

fish

[!J cat

1 egg

[ID 'm­'H

clock

sa\,.'

[!] dB"

boor

bull

usual spelling

cc fee l tee th ea teach mean e she we

th in lips h istory kiss i f since

eer cheers engineer ere here wc're ear near fear

! but also

people mach ine kc\ niece taxi receive

English wo men busy decide gym bui ld

ser ious

~I -------------+------------~ a

e

hand ha t back catch ca rry match

spe ll lend smell send vcry red

air airport stairs fair hair

arc square care ful

fr iendly head swearer any said sa\ s

their there wear bear where

,--------------------~ o top ro ck

socks college hot box

a fat her

yacht qua lity

al wal k tal k bought thought aw aw ful draw abroad August

augh caugh t daugh ter I

or boring worn four ore more score oor door floor

~----------~----------~ 00 schoo l choose do sui t juice u* rude use shoe lose ew new knc\\ th rough

u pu ll push I would should 00 foor book wo man

look roo k

• especially before consonant + e

~ rour isr

rn up

I

~ computer

v,

~ bird

[!J ow l

[ ! I 4I

vowels

SOUND BANK

usual spell ing I ! but also -

A ve ry unusual sound. plural Europe fur ious sure

u sunny must come does funny run so meone enough lucky cut you ng touch

Many differenrspellings, usua lly unstressed . ilQVous arrive polite agree suggg.£r terrible problem

er person verb earn work ir d irty shirt world worse ur nurse [Urn pic[U re erJorpainter writer (unstressed) invenror

ou shout arou nd mouth blouse

ow crowded dow n

0* open ho pe snow throw wo n't so although

oa coa t goa l shou lder

ar far arms heart scar f dark

a* face wake brea k stea k ai brai n fai l grea t eigh t ay awa\ pa) they

ra\

o i coi n noisy boi ling

oy toy enjoy

i* sm ile bite buy eyes

y sh) wh) heigh t igh migh t sigh ts

o vowels followed by /r/ o diphthongs

Consonant sounds

usual spelling

promise possible copy flip-flops opposite appeara nce

but a lso

[!] :p w

~r -b-----b-e-I t--b-Od-)-'------~------------~

r:s probably job cab . bb ra bbit robbed

bag

camping across skin kind chcckout pid

school stomach chem istry acCou nt [!] ~k

----------------------------grow goat forget begin foggy leggings [IJ :g

r---:-

~ ph elepham nephew

guest spagherri

enough laugh [!] f f ind af raid safe

ff off d ifferent I flowe r .

[]J~r -v-------\-id-e-O---\ -is-it--------~O--f--

" 100e invent ove r r iver

' ase

t ry tell Start la te ben er sin ing

wa lked dressed

~ :, r--------L-----~ [ G}l 1 d d id dead . loved tired

~ hard told dd add ress midd le

dog ,

~ 'make

'lcbra

JlI shower

.. ~ television

o voiced

s ss d Ice c

sh

stopS fa ster miss message place c ircle cem City cycle (before e , i , y)

l.00 la7Y freezing reaso n lose has tocs

shut shoes wash f ini sh

ti (+ vowel) patient information I

ci+a spec ial musician

An unusual sound.

sc ience answer psychology

sugar su re mach ine moustache

Asia decision confusion usually garage

o unvoiced

~ mother

,

(f) righ t

V witch

[ ~ 1

usual spelling

th th ing th row healthy south math both

'h

ch

!ch

dge

r

rr re

w

wh

)'

neither the clothes sunbathe th at with

ch icken ch i Id beach catch march

jacket just June enjoy bridge judge

little less plan incredible wi ll si lly

really rest pract ice try borrow marr ied we're here

website tw ins worr ied \\ In

why wh ich whale

yet year young yoga

before u usefu l uni form

SOUND BANK

but a lso

questio n

generous teenager g iraffe age

I written wro ng

one o nce ques tion

I

m mountai n modern I column

r 8l ~---

emem ber emali comb mm summer swi mm ing

n need neck lace know knock

none any nn funny d inner

~ ng

singer

GIJ h

ang ry ring a long thing bring going

hat hate ahead pe rhaps h ire helpful

th in k than k

who whose whole

Online Practice

Get everyone talking. In class. Everywhere. Grammar, Vocabulary, Pronunciation -in each lesson.

For Students For Teachers • Student Book with Online Practice • Teacher's Book N'fU"" ~~ :: qs is CD-ROM

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'. • Online Class Mar*""'i)L e

English Sounds Pronunciation Chart basec tr.'..: .... CiI!8 and design by Paul Seligson and CarrrlI!rl!);;z.

ISBN 978-0-19-477616-5