1. Paloma, MC Pamintuan, Bipee Peralta, Alhex Peralta, Raye

2. Paloma, MC Pamintuan, Bipee Peralta, Alhex Peralta, Raye 3. Paloma, MC Pamintuan, Bipee Peralta, Alhex Peralta, Raye 4. 1898 - 1941 5. General Jaudenes was more than willing to surrender Manila, except for two particular reasons. Disgraceful act of not fighting Fearful of the consequences if the city fell to Aguinaldo MOCK BATTLE OF MANILA BAY AUGUST 13, 1898 AMERICAN CONQUEST 6. MOCK BATTLE OF MANILA BAY AUGUST 13, 1898 It was already pre-planned from the time the first gun would be fired as well as to what time the guns would stop firing. To prevent Manila from falling to the hands of Emilio Aguinaldo. The Fall of Manila to the American forces on August 13, 1898 marked the start of American colonization of the Philippines. (Source: Philippine News Agency) AMERICAN CONQUEST 7. August December 1898 8. Peace agreement over America-Spanish war. Cuba, Guam and Puerto Rico was settled. Problem: What to do with the Philippines? Disaster Germany might invade Annex for it to be educated and Christianized Ready it for self-government Deal: 20 million US dollars for the Philippines TREATY OF PARIS AMERICAN CONQUEST 9. February 4, 1899 10. WHAT HAPPENED TO US? La Republica reported that, Many fear that American nation wants to conquer us. (December 21, 1898) The Americans are our friends Aguinaldo was convinced that Dewey would give us independence. AMERICAN CONQUEST 11. Considered as an act of treachery as La Independencia protested in early January 1899 ; Our troops are owners of the land. We are not merchandise that can be treated this way. The American wrote on March 1899, The only way to treat these savages is to show them who is superior. TREATY OF PARIS AMERICAN CONQUEST 12. "The term censorship connotes any examination of thought or expression in order to prevent publication of 'objectionable' material. - U.S. Supreme Court, Farmers Educational & Coop. Union v. WDAY, Inc., 360 U.S. 525, 527 (1959) WHAT IS CENSORSHIP? AMERICAN CONQUEST 13. Corporate restrictions on products that will reach the market Military keep strategies from reaching the enemies Moral suppression of obscene / offensive materials Political - disinformation Religious - objectionable material to a certain faith TYPES OF CENSORSHIP AMERICAN CONQUEST 14. Preventive - exercised before the expression is made public. Prior restraint by government Licensing Self-censorship Punitive - exercised after the expression is made public. FORMS OF CENSORSHIP AMERICAN CONQUEST 15. Spanish Era American Conquest - Censorship was dependent mainly on the Governor General. - Censorship was based on the law / policy of the constitution. - Depends on the government if it is LIBERAL or CONSERVATIVE. - Control of the public opinion was more rigid - Reglamento de Asuntos de Imprenta (Rules of Printing Matters) - Sedition Act - de polica de imprenta o Gulln - Criminal Libel CENSORSHIP BEFORE AND AFTER AMERICAN CONQUEST 16. Enacted by the Philippine Commission headed by William Howard Taft, on November 4, 1901, the Sedition Law of 1901 declared unlawful any peaceful or overt means such as speech, printing, publication and circulation of any material that encourages the Filipinos to fight against the American colonial rule in the Philippines. SEDITION AMERICAN CONQUEST 17. A public and malicious imputation of a crime, or a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead. (Art. 353, Revised Penal Code) LIBEL AMERICAN CONQUEST 18. The Americans promised freedom of press Newspapers are mainly political and most of them still uses Spanish language as their medium. Jayson Ralston Hayden (a professor of political science and specialist in Philippine politics and government) believed that this political trend was because of the generosity of the Americans IMPRESSIONS OF THE PRESS AMERICAN CONQUEST 19. AMERICAN CONQUEST 20. THE OLD SCHOOL OF WRITERS Learned thinkers Reformers Writers Philosophers AMERICAN CONQUEST 21. AMERICAN CONQUEST 22. EL MERCANTIL/ EL MERCANTIL VALENCIANO Foundation: 1872 Publisher: Press Editorial Valenciana (Spain) Oldest Spanish daily A Spanish publication also shipped to the Philippines as a daily newspaper Business paper AMERICAN CONQUEST 23. MANILA DAILY BULLETIN/ MANILA BULLETIN First American-owned daily Established on Feb. 2, 1900 by a former American soldier, Carson Taylor Evangelista Street, Old Quiapo Shurdut Building in Intramuros Manila Business newspaper Gen. Hans M. Menzi Don Emilio T. Yap 24. MANILA DAILY BULLETIN/ MANILA BULLETIN Old Quiapo (1945) Intramuros, Manila AMERICAN CONQUEST 25. EL RENACIMIENTO (THE RENAISSANCE) started publication on September 3, 1901 up to January 17, 1910 edited by Teodoro M. Kalaw and Fidel Reyes leading voice of opositionists Aves de Rapia (Birds of Prey) (Oct.30, 1908)- editorial by Fidel A. Reyes, city editor most celebrated libel case FrontpageofElRenacimiento AMERICAN CONQUEST 26. Muling Pagsilang Lope K. Santos MULING PAGSILANG AMERICAN CONQUEST 27. established by Pascual Poblete between 1899 and 1900 pro-labor and radical nationalist newspaper Tagalog edition: Ang Kapatid ng Bayan EL GRITO AMERICAN CONQUEST 28. AMERICAN CONQUEST 29. EL COMERCIO AMERICAN CONQUEST EL SOLDADO ESPAOL LA OCEANIA ESPAOL 30. HOW WERE THESE PAPERS INVOLVED? Rumors of the alliance of Filipinos and Americans sparked and infuriated the Spanish Press El Comercio, El Soldado Espanol, La Oceania Espanol and Diario de Manila condemned Filipinos as traidores They called the Filipinos suckers for sweet promises of an alien people they have nothing in common with. AMERICAN CONQUEST 31. AMERICAN CONQUEST 32. EL RESUMEN organ of La Liga Filipina founded by Pascual H. Poblete alter ego of La Sol editorial at the front page contained news about the Philippines La Liga Filipina AMERICAN CONQUEST 33. established in 1890 as a substitute for La Opinion edited by the conservative journalist Camilo Millan printed by Iigo C. Regalado EL ECO FILIPINO AMERICAN CONQUEST 34. founded in Sept. 3, 1898, by Gen. Antonio Luna & Fernando Ma. Guerrero castigate both Spanish and American first separatist newspaper and was subsidized by revolutionaries LA INDEPENDENCIA AMERICAN CONQUEST 35. founded by Pedro Paterno on Sept. 15, 1889 published in Mandaluyong national unity under a democratic Philippine Republic ceased publication in early 1899 LA REPUBLICA FILIPINA AMERICAN CONQUEST 36. published by Pablo Ocampo on June 20, 1898 edited by Clemente Jose Zulueta suppressed by General Aguinaldo succeeded by El Heraldo de La Revolucion Filipina LA LIBERTAD AMERICAN CONQUEST 37. established by Emilio Aguinaldo in accordance to his decree of July 4, 1898 published and edited by Antonio Luna official publication of the Revolutionary Government EL HERALDO DE LA REVOLUCION (HERALD OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION) AMERICAN CONQUEST 38. published in Malolos on Sept. 29, 1898 decrees of the Revolutionary Government, news and works in Tagalog changed to Heraldo Filipino and later to Gaceta de Filipinas EL HERALDO DE LA REVOLUCION (HERALD OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION) AMERICAN CONQUEST 39. La Federacion 1899 in Iloilo Ang Kaibigan nang Bayan (fly sheets)- 1899 in Lipa Batangas; tri-weekly publication; a weekly which first appeared in November 1898, and closed on Valentines Day 1899 OTHER PUBLICATIONS AMERICAN CONQUEST 40. AMERICAN CONQUEST 41. AMERICAN PRESS VS. FILIPINO PRESS AMERICAN FILIPINO had to prove a civilizing, humanitarian and crusade- like war The only way to treat these savages is to show them who is superior. The American, March vibrant with nationalism though weak had to keep the morale and hopes high exaggerated victories, denied defeats AMERICAN CONQUEST 42. first English-language newspaper in the Philippines published by enlisted men of the 18th Minnesota Volunteers in the U.S. Army appeared on September 10, 1898 financer: W.W. Brown managing editor: George Smith 8th Army Corps THE AMERICAN SOLDIER AMERICAN CONQUEST 43. established in August, 1902 focused on our economic growth founded by Israel Putnam (brought Duplex presses in the Phils.) Cablenews + The American = Cablenews- American (1908) The Duplex printing press CABLENEWS AMERICAN CONQUEST 44. first American paper published in the islands printed on Dewey's flagship, the Olympia sold for 25 cents gold per copy sold to the soldiers after the capture of Manila as souvenirs THE BOUNDING BILLOW AMERICAN CONQUEST 45. Tribune -started by C. W. Ney in 1899 -lived only two or three months Insular Daily Press -lasted for a few days, or a few weeks at most The Sentinel -organ of the American Catholic Club -appeared on October 21, 1899 OTHER PUBLICATIONS AMERICAN CONQUEST 46. AMERICAN CONQUEST 47. the first American daily established on October 11, 1898 publisher: Thomas Cowan, an Englishman sold to Thomas C. Kinney, who incorporated the present Times Company MANILA TIMES AMERICAN CONQUEST 48. founded by Judge W.A. Kincaid in 1906 most influential English- language weekly fearless crusades against government corruption nationalist paper PHILIPPINE FREE PRESS AMERICAN CONQUEST 49. Tribune La Vanguardia Taliba TVT CHAIN AMERICAN CONQUEST 50. founded on April 1, 1925 included in the Roces chain of newspapers published as a morning daily THE TRIBUNE / MANILA TRIBUNE AMERICAN CONQUEST 51. LA VANGUARDIA established in 1910 by Don Martin Ocampo afternoon daily in Spanish probably the most influential Filipino newspaper in Spanish at that time AMERICAN CONQUEST 52. also bought by Alejandro Roces in 1916 catered to the Tagalog readers had a great circulation in the Tagalog provinces TALIBA AMERICAN CONQUEST 53. AMERICAN CONQUEST 54. El Debate Philippines Herald Monday Post Mabuhay DMHM CHAIN AMERICAN CONQUEST 55. published on Aug. 8, 1920 first Filipino-owned English language daily newspaper edited by Conrado Benitez voice of Filipinos vs. conservative Americans PHILIPPINES HERALD AMERICAN CONQUEST 56. EL DEBATE a regional newspaper circulated in Central Luzon Region. the only Spanish morning daily edited by Filipinos MABUHAY AMERICAN CONQUEST 57. founded by Ramon Roces became the most widely read weekly magazine in Tagalog gave rise to publications of the same type in other Philippine dialects (Hiwaga and Graphic) AMERICAN CONQUEST LIWAYWAY 58. AMERICAN CONQUEST 59. a single corporate identity that operates more than one property, with all properties reporting to corporate headquarters CHAIN OWNERSHIP AMERICAN CONQUEST 60. ROCES CHAIN OF OWNERSHIP Gijon, Asturias, Spain two groups of Roceses who moved to the Philippines: Iloilo brown sugar trade Manila- publishing Roces hometown in Spain AMERICAN CONQUEST 61. FAMILY MEMBERS (1ST GEN) AlejandroRocesyGonzales Florentino de Leon Alejandro Ramon Roces y Mauricio Alejandro Roces y Gonzales Moy Antonia Pardo Ramon Alejandro Jr. Filomena Isabel Mercedes Rafael Antonia Joaquin Marcos Filomena Rosario Jesus Joaquin Rafael Marcos Doa Severa AMERICAN CONQUESTFirst Gen. of Roces Publication Family Real Estates 62. Rafael and Marcos, saw the potential of publishing as a business Moy came up with the newspaper chain TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia- Tribune) in the early 1900's THE TVT CHAIN AMERICAN CONQUEST 63. SECOND GENERATION AMERICAN CONQUEST 64. SECOND GENERATION AMERICAN CONQUEST 65. THIRD GENERATION AMERICAN CONQUEST 66. FOURTH GENERATION had all been part of Atlas Publishing Inc. Atty. Katrina Legarda last descendant from the fourth generation Roces that was involved in print media became publisher and editor- in-chief of the "New Manila Times", after the ownership of the Gokongweis (1999) AMERICAN CONQUEST 67. THE ELIZALDE CHAIN OF NEWSPAPERS THE DMHM CHAIN In 1933, Joaquin Elizalde bought the Herald, and organized the DMHM chain ( El Debate-Mabuhay-Herald- Monday Mail) chief competitor of the TVT Chain Dito Muna Hanggang Meron J.M. Elizalde, Sergio Osmea, and John W. Hausermann, taken in 1938 AMERICAN CONQUEST 68. THE LOPEZ CHAIN OF NEWSPAPERS Benito Lopez established El Tiempo in 1901 Known as the leading periodical in Western Visayas. Eugenio Lopez Sr. revived the Spanish daily as a tribute to his father, Benito, in 1929 Tri-lingual chain: El Tiempo (Spanish) Iloilo Times (English) Ang Panahon (Hiligaynon) The empire was gone after the World War II Eugenio bought shares in The Chronicle. After 25 years, he became the publisher of the newspaper. Eugenio Lopez Sr. AMERICAN CONQUEST 69. Cecilio Apostol ~ Greatest Filipino epic poetry writer in Spanish Fernando Ma. Guerrero ~ Prince of Filipino Lyric Poets Jesus Balmori ~ Batikuling Manuel Bernabe ~ First woman poet in the Philippines who was good in spanish THE SPANISH WRITERS AMERICAN CONQUEST 70. Lope K. Santos ~ The Father of National Language Grammar Jose Corazon de Jesus ~ Poet of Love Amado V. Hernandez ~ Makata ng mga Manggagawa Valeriano Hernandez Pena ~ Father of Tagalog Novels Severino Reyes ~ Father of Tagalog Drama Pedro Bukaneg ~ Father of Ilocano Literature THE FILIPINO WRITERS AMERICAN CONQUEST 71. Paz Marquez Benitez ~ Authored the first Filipino modern English language short story, Dead Stars Salvador P. Lopeza ~ Wrote the essay, Literature and Society Camilo Osias ~ Published the Filipino Way of Life Carlos Quirino ~ Renowned biographer of his time I.V. Mallari ~ Ranked as leading literary and art critic in the Philippines THE ENGLISH WRITERS AMERICAN CONQUEST 72. September 3, 1901- January 17, 1910 Founders: Martin Ocampo and Rafael Palma 73. DIARIO FILIPINO (1901 - 1904) DIARIO FILIPINO INDEPENDIENTE (1905 - 1910) AMERICAN CONQUEST 74. The sister publication of El Renacimiento MULING PAGSILANG AMERICAN CONQUEST 75. To bring about a mutual understanding between the government and the people To encourage young Filipinos for newspaper work To defend the interests of the Filipino People GOALS AMERICAN CONQUEST 76. Cried for reform and liberties The real plight of the country during the American regime The abuses committed by the US constabularies Editorials regarding the immoral government officials and their doings WHAT IT WROTE AMERICAN CONQUEST 77. Written by Fidel A. Reyes Edited by Teodoro M.. Kalaw October 30, 1908 The article which caused the second libel suit AVES DE RAPINA(BIRDS OF PREY) AMERICAN CONQUEST 78. TEODORO M. KALAW FIDEL A. REYES AMERICAN CONQUEST 79. -Member of the United States Philippine Commission -In 1913 he served as secretary of the interior for the Insular Government. -Filed the Second libel case on the El Renacimiento newspaper AMERICAN CONQUEST 80. Filed against Teodoro M. Kalaw (defended by Felipe Agoncillo, Fernando Salas and Ramon Diokno), Martin Ocampo (defended by Roberto Moreno, Fernando Salas and Luciana de la Rosa) and Fidel A. Reyes (defended by Felix Ferrer and Felipe Agoncillo) Filed by Commissioner Dean Conant Worcester on January 23, 1909 Lasted from 1908-1914 AMERICAN CONQUEST 81. (JUDGE CHAS H. SMITH) Sentenced Ocampo to 6 months of imprisonment and a fine of 2,000 pesos Sentenced Kalaw to 12 moths of imprisonment and a fine of 3,000 pesos 25,000 pesos for moral damages AMERICAN CONQUEST 82. Filed against Martin Ocampo, Teodoro M Kalaw, Lope K. Santos, Manuel Palma, and Arcadio Arellano. Angel Jose, Galo Lichauco, Feliciano Barretto and Gregorio N. Casipit Filed by Dean Conant Worcester Court Decision (Judge J.C. Jenkins) : 60,000 pesos fine on the accused (35, 000 for mental sufferings and 25,000 for punitive damages) (January 15, 1910) AMERICAN CONQUEST 83. -weekly news magazine established by Martin Ocampo AMERICAN CONQUEST 84. SOURCES: AMERICAN CONQUEST 85. Paloma, MC Pamintuan, Bipee Peralta, Alhex Peralta, Raye