america before columbus the civilizations of the south incan and aztec empires the civilizations of...
TRANSCRIPT
America Before Columbus The Civilizations of
the SouthIncan and Aztec
Empires The Civilizations of
the NorthHunting and
GatheringCahokiaGender Relations
Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures
Iroquois Women
Secotan Village, 1585
How the Early North Americans Lived
Commerce and NationalismEuropean Population GrowthBlack Death and Feudalism
Growth of Cities and TownsMerchant ClassRenaissance
Rise of Monarchies/Nation States
Trade and ExplorationPortugal and Prince Henry Christopher Columbus
Columbus’ First VoyageFerdinand Magellan
Circumnavigation of the Globe
Europe Looks Westward
Marco Polo Leaves for the Far East
“Following the Light of the Sun, we left the Old
World.”
-Christopher Columbus
“The church says that the Earth is flat, but I have seen the shadow on the moon and I have more faith in the shadow than in
the church.” -Ferdinand Magellan
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494The Spanish Empire
“Conquistadores” Spain’s Northern
OutpostsSt. Augustine and Santa FeAssimilation and
AccommodationColumbian Exchange
Beneficial and catastrophic Exchanges
Deliberate Subjugation and
Extermination
Europe Looks Westward
European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583
Biological and Cultural Exchanges
Forced migration of labor . . .CropsLivestockTechnologyDisease
De Soto in North America
Africa and America Trade States of West AfricaMatrilineal SocietiesAfrican Slavery
Slave Trade Incessant demand for labor
in the New WorldPlantation EconomiesEuropean Slavery
By BirthRacialized
TradersPortugueseDutchEnglish
Europe Looks Westward
Capital and the Industrial
Revolution
Martin Luther 95 Theses – 1517 Justification by Faith Authority of the Scriptures
John Calvin Institutes of the Christian
Religion (1559) Sola Scriptura -the Bible
"alone" Predestination The Elect and success
Henry VIII Act of Supremacy 1534 Anglican Church Debate over purifying the
church
Protestant Reformation“Free will does not enable any man to perform good
works, unless he is assisted by grace; indeed, the special grace which the elect alone
receive through
– John Calvin
Trade Models
MercantilismAmassing national wealthControlling Trade- Tariffs
and DutiesFavorable Balance of Trade
(Surplus vs. Deficits)Colonies as a source of raw
materialsSpain: Gold, Silver, Sugar,
TobaccoEngland: Tobacco, Indigo,
Rice, Lumber, SugarFrance: FurDutch: Fur
Colonization and Mercantilism
Stuart Dynasty- 1603 James I
Absolutism Charles I 1625-1649
Parliament and the Power of the Purse Religion
Elizabeth’s Truce Puritan’s Complaints Archbishop Laud Great Migration
The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Puritan Commonwealth Mercantilism Ascendant
Restoration 1660-1685 Charles II
Glorious Revolution 1689 William and Mary English Bill of Rights
John Locke- 2nd Treatise on Civil Government
"WE STUDY THE GLORY OF GOD, AND THE HONOUR AND
LIBERTY OF PARLIAMENT, FOR
WHICH WE UNANIMOUSLY
FIGHT, WITHOUT SEEKING OUR OWN
INTERESTS . . .“- Oliver Cromwell
War and Restoration
Incentives for ColonizationScarce LandMercantilism
Religious Motives for ColonizationThe English ReformationPuritan Separatists
Lessons of Irish ColonizationThe First English
Settlements$ Failed Colony of Roanoke
1585$ Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620
The Arrival of the English
The French in AmericaQuebec 1608Traders, Trapper s and
MissionariesFew DissentersFew women
The Dutch in AmericaNew Amsterdam 1625Dutch East India
CompanyDutch West India
CompanyTraders . . .
The Arrival of the . . .
New Amsterdam Preacher in Period Dress
Financing ColonizationKing’s Grants /ChartersJoint Stock Companies
Virginia Company
The Early ChesapeakeJamestown’s Early
OrdealJohn Smith
Powhatan ConfederationPocahontas
Lord De La WarrThe “Starving Time”
"Now we worked so harmoniously that in three months we made three or four cases of tar, pitch,
and soap ashes, produced some
glass, made a well in the fort . . ., built
some twenty houses, re-roofed
our church, provided nets and seines for fishing;
and built a blockhouse in the
neck of our peninsula.”-John Smith
Chapter Two: Transplantations and Borderlands
Reorganization and ExpansionThe Tobacco Economy
John RolfeContinuing Labor
IssuesThe “Headright
System”Birth of American
Slavery 1619House of Burgesses
1619Demise of the Virginia
CompanyVirginia becomes a
Royal Colony 1624
The Early Chesapeake
The Non-Indian Population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700
The Growth of the Chesapeake, 1607-1750
Plymouth PlantationHolland and The Scrooby
SeparatistsNon-Conforming Separatists
Plymouth Founded 1620Mayflower Compact
TheocracyPilgrim-Indian Interaction
Samoset and Tisquantum (Squanto)
The Massachusetts Bay Experiment 1630Massachusetts Bay Company Jonathan Winthrop
“City on a Hill”Great Migration
20,000
“But about the 16th of March, a certain Indian came boldly amongst them and spoke to them in broken English, which they could well understand but marveled at it. At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but belonged to the eastern parts where some English ships came to fish . . . his name was Samoset.” - William Bradford
The Growth of New England
“For we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.”
- John Winthrop
Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFirst written constitution in
the New WorldTheocracy
Roger Williams’ DissentRhode IslandSeparation of church and
stateAnne Hutchinson
Antinomian HeresyMaine and New Hampshire
The Growth of New England,
1620-1750
The Growth of New England
Settlers and Natives LandReligionConflict tribes
WampanoagsPequotsNarragansettMohegan
The Pequot War 1637King Philip’s War 1675
MetacometGreat Swamp Massacre
A Pequot Village Destroyed
The Growth of New England
The Non-Indian Population of New England, 1620-1700
Maryland 1632George CalvertReligious haven for English
Catholics. . .Protestant migrants
“Act Concerning Religion” 1649Meant to protect the
CatholicsClass Issues in Maryland
Modeled on Virginia
“Forasmuch as in a well Governed and
Christian Commonwealth
matters Concerning Religion & the honour
of God ought in the first place to be taken
into serious Consideration and endeavoured to be
settled…”- “Act Concerning
Religion”
The Early Chesapeake
Bacon’s RebellionSir William Berkeley
Virginia’s Royal GovernorEstablished a Boundary for
“White” Settlement“Backcountry” Resentment
Nathaniel BaconMember of the “Gentry”Leads the “Rabble” against
the Tidewater GentryConsequences of Bacon’s
RebellionNew Slave CodesDecline of Indentured
Servitude
The Early Chesapeake
“But I thank God, there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we
shall not have these hundred years; for
learning has brought disobedience and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against
the best government. God keep us from both.”
- Sir William Berkeley
The Carolinas 1663 and 1665Anthony Ashley Cooper
Proprietors Fundamental Constitution for Carolina
John LockeElitist/Aristocratic Document
Close Ties with the CaribbeanCarolina Divided 1729
New Netherland, New York, and New JerseyNew Amsterdam Seized 1674
Unequal wealth and power – Class againPatroons
New Jersey Founded 1702The Founding of Georgia
Oglethorpe’s Philanthropic Mission
The Restoration Colonies
The Navigation ActsThe Dominion of New England
Lords of TradeSir Edmund Andros
The “Glorious Revolution”Dominion of New England
Abolished“Leislerians” and “Anti-
Leislerians”Growing Participation in the
Imperial System
The Development of Empire