Ras Al Khaimah CampuS

BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering___________________________________________________________________

UG Level 3___________________________________________________________________

Module Title Thermofluids & Control SystemModule Number AME 5003

Assignment 1 of 2

_________________________________________________________________Module Tutor:Shimna Shafeeke-mail:ss1rak@bolton.ac.uk

This assignment comprises two parts;PART1 : Thermofluids Lab & PART 2: Thermofluids Theory Assignment

Learning Outcome:

By the end of this piece of applications work, the student should have partially fulfilled module Learning Outcomes 4 Apply analytical and practical techniques on the thermofluids and control systems.

ASSESSMENT WEIGHTINGThis assignment represents 20 % of the total assessment for the module.PART 1

VENTURI AND ORIFICE ASSIGNMENTInformation1. Each student is to perform the experiments as a member of a group.2. Each student must submit a report experiments by 3. The report will include :-a. A titled front sheetb. A list of contents with page numbersc. A statement of the object of each experimentd. The appropriate laboratory sheete. Tabulated observations takenf. An analysis of the observationsg. Sample calculationsh. Tabulated resultsi. Comments and conclusions

4. Information is provided in the laboratory in the form of written laboratory handouts and oral / blackboard instruction. Students will need to make notes on the latter in order to compile their report successfully. 5. The use of Word and Excel in the production of the report is encouraged.

Learning Outcomes

The student will have1. an understanding of flow and flow measurement in venturi and orifice .2. an ability to analyse experimental results using the appropriate equations.3. competence in producing a coherent technical report.

Marking scheme

General presentation 10%, Tabulated observations 10%, Analysis 30% (including sample calculations), Tabulated Results 20%, General discussion and conclusions 20%. Overall clarity and lucidity of Report 10%.

Note: The work submitted in your report must be the results of your own effort. Plagiarism will be dealt with via the appropriate University procedures, details of which are in the student handbook.Venturi and Orifice laboratory work - Assignment marking criteriaPresentation 10%1. Bound and covered2. Word processed3. Logically structured4. Front sheet, contents page & page numbers5. Spelling and punctuation6. Appendices7. Bibliography and referencing

Clarity 10%1. Overall clarity2. Overall readability3. Logical ordering of text and calculations4. Use of correct terminology5. Logical calculation steps & procedures6. Appropriate use of units

General content 60%1. Appropriate introduction and brief explanation of experiment & theory2. Correctly tabulated observations (10%)3. Tabulated correct results (20%)4. Appropriate use of spreadsheets5. Correct sample calculations for observed results6. Correct sample calculations for theoretical results

Discussion & conclusion 10%1. Suitable comments on lab procedures2. Appropriate comments on potential sources of procedural error3. Overview of theory related to experiments4. Relation of results to theory5. Suitable comments on variance between theory and actual results

Originality of thought 10%1. Evidence of background reading used in discussion2. Evidence of understanding of theory3. Evidence of applying theory to experimentsTotal mark 100

University of Bolton: Laboratory Work

Hydraulics Laboratory ExperimentName ...

Group ..

Flow measurement in pipesTest Date .

Venturi and Orifice metersDate Report Submitted ..

Purpose

To calibrate a Venturi and Orifice meter by establishing the relationship between flowrate and pressure difference, and thereby determining a value for the coefficient of discharge.

Apparatus

Hydraulics bench flowmeter demonstration apparatus containing a Venturi and Orifice meter installed in a horizontal pipeline incorporating a manometer for pressure difference measurement, a means of varying a steady water supply and a flowrate measuring device.1 2 67Venturi meter:Inlet pipe diameter, d1 = 31.75mm.Throat diameter, d2 = 15mm.Orifice meter:Inlet pipe diameter, d1 = 31.75mm.Orifice diameter, d2 = 20mm.

Theory

The flowrate through a Venturi and Orifice meter can be found from the equation

where the cross-sectional areas are a1 for the inlet pipe and a2 for the throat or orifice.

The term is known as the meter coefficient, K.

Procedure

The apparatus has been adjusted to give a steady flowrate indicated as 20 on the Rotameter scale. Record the manometer readings h1, h2, h6 and h7. Measure the flowrate by recording the time taken to collect a volume 10 litres. Adjust the flow control valve to obtain readings of 18, 16, 14,12 and 10 on the rotameter scale. Record manometer levels and measure flowrate for each rotameter reading.

Observations

h1(mm)h2(mm)h6(mm)h7(mm)Volume(Litres)Time(s)

Table of Results

12345

HV = (h1 - h2)mHO = (h6 h7)mQm3/sHV1/2HO1/2

NB.Q = Volume/time1000 litres/s = 1 m3/s HV = Venturi head HO = Orifice head

Analysis

From the theory, . Verify this relationship QBy plotting Q vs H1/2 for the venturi and orifice meters.Determine the slope of the graph, m, for each meter, 1

wheremDetermine a value of Cd for each meter from

H1/2

Conclusions

Comment on the graphs, and compare the values you have obtained for Cd for each meter with expected values, as quoted in standard textbooks. Comment briefly on relevant choice of meter.

Observations

h1(mm)h2(mm)h6(mm)h7(mm)Volume(Litres)Time(s)

DETAILED BRIEF

Task 1: Carry out the appropriate laboratory work using the information provided on the attached lab sheets.Each student is to perform the experiments as a member of a group.

Task 2: Prepare an individual lab report based on the above laboratory work. The report will include, A titled front sheet A list of contents with page numbers A statement of the objective of each experiment Briefing about the apparatus and the theory with suitable diagrams. Procedure of the experiment. Tabulated observations taken An analysis of the observations Sample calculations Tabulated results Comments and conclusions with proper referencing. Completed original lab- sheets.

Information is provided in the laboratory in the form of laboratory handouts and oral / blackboard instruction. Students will need to make notes on the latter in order to compile their report successfully. The use of Word and Excel in the production of the report is encouraged.

MARKING SCHEME & WEIGHTAGE OF ASSESSMENTTask 1: 15%Task 2: General presentation: 10%Tabulated observations: 10% Analysis with sample calculations 25%Tabulated Results 15%General discussion and conclusions 15%.Overall clarity and lucidity of Report 10%.

To receive good marks you must demonstrate competent analytical skills which should be evidenced by the appropriate use of calculations and reasoned argument. The reports should be presented carefully, with accurate spelling, punctuation and word processed and referenced using the Harvard System. Assignment Length : 3 weeksGeneral1. Your assignment is to be submitted in a suitable A4 document folder.2. The work must be neat and tidy and have all the sheets numbered and MUST contain the following: Assignment Feedback sheet and the Assignment front sheet.3. Students should familiarize themselves with the Universitys Unfair Means Regulations, especially collusion, which are available in the handbook. This is an individual assignment. The work submitted in your report must be the results of your own effort. Signs of students working together will be investigated.4. The completed assignment must be submitted for marking on or before the submission deadline, otherwise the marking will be penalised according to University regulations.

PART 2

ASSIGNMENT TITLE :ENGINE CYCLES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION

Q1Three (A-C) theoretical engine p-v cycles using air are described below. Each cycle comprises of 4 processes. Using the information supplied construct the general form of each cycle clearly labelling each cardinal state point (1-4) or (1-5) and name each cycle.

Cycle A

1-2Isentropic compression2-3Constant volume increase in pressure3-4Isentropic expansion4-1Constant volume decrease in pressure

Cycle B

1-2Isentropic compression2-3Constant pressure increase in volume3-4Isentropic expansion4-1Constant volume decrease in pressure

Cycle C

1-2Isentropic compression2-3Constant volume increase in pressure3-4Constant pressure increase in volume4-5Isentropic expansion5-1Constant volume decrease in pressure

Q2Describe, with the aid of sketches, the four reversible processes that make up the Carnot Cycle. If a Carnot heat engine receives 500 kJ heat per cycle from a high temperature source of 452oC and rejects heat to a low temperature sink at 15oC determine:

a) The thermal efficiency of the engine