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MONTHLY NEWSMAGAZINE OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTVol. 10 No. 10 • December 1969 • HQ, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY • Washington, D.C.

AMC Revamping Materiel Acquisition Process in PROMAp·70Judges Select Papers for 1970 ASC

positions temporarily vacant. The M­E Division was the heaviest loser witha total of seven spaces.

In examining cutback and consoli­dation pOSsibilities, the working groupgave first consideration to eliminatingor transferring those functions leastdireotly related to basic DCRD func­tional responsibilities. The next cothit at support spaces rather than thosethat are hardware oriented.

The Director of Advanced BallisticMissile Defense is newly established,with Army General Staff responsibil­ities in this area, as well as nationalmissile range activities formerly per·formed by the Missile Defense,

(Continued on page 5)

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Details of a Proga:am for Refine­ment of the Materiel AcquisitionProcess (PROMAP-70). involving38 elements of vast significancethroughout the Army MaterielCommand, were announced Dec. 8by AMC CG General F. J. Chesarek.

Deputy Secretary of Defense DavidPackard and Secretary of the ArmyStanley R. Resor have approved theprogram, requiring closely coordi­nated effort of six HQ AMC director­ates and staff offices. Parallel pro­grams on each of the 38 elements willbe developed within all AMC com­mands.

AMC Deputy CG for Materiel Ac­quisition Maj Gen Paul A. Feyereisenheads the developmental program.General Feyereisen gained interna­tional prominence as the first U.S.program and project manager for theMallard Project, a 4-nation, 10-yearmultimillion-dollar effort initiated in1966 to develop an interservice tac­tical communications network.

Maj Gen Paul A. Feyereisen (Continued on page 3)

OCRD Reorganizes to Offset Personnel CutbackImpact of governmental economies

requiring reductions in Department ofDefen~e expenditures to save upwardsof $3 billion in FY 1970 is evidencedin organizational realignments withinthe Office of the Chief of Research andDevelopment, HQ DA.

Effected Nov. 24, the changes in­volve consolidation of certain ele­ments, establishment of a directorateand t;wo new divisions, assumption ofadditional duties by some directoratesand offices, and transfers of functionsto save manpower.

Resulting from several weeks of"hard head-knocking" to come to gripswith the problem of reorganizing tocarryon essential functions with 47less military and civilian personnel,the changes are based on determina­tions of an OCRD working group.Personnel losses represent about 20percent of former authorized strength.

Col Frank L. Taylor, chief, Man.agement and Evaluation Division, Di­rectorate of Plans and Programs,headed the group comprised of repre­sentatives of each DCRD directorateand office. The reorganization was ac·compliahed principally by eliminating

Competition was never tougher, in the 12-year history of the U.S ArmyScience Conference, than for the honor of presenting a technical paPer atthe 1970 sessions, June 17-19, at the United States Military Academy.

Approximately 550 aspirants submitted narrative summaries of proposedpresentations, exceeding the 1968 record total by about 76. Judges recentlyselected 100 papers for presentation.Twenty-one others are in the sopple­mental category-to be considered asalternate presentations in event ofcancellations.

Under the Army Incentive AwardsProgram, prize-winning papers pre­sented at the Army Science Confer­ence received cash honorariums,usually totaling about $3,600, plusCertificates of Achievement. Consider­ation is being given this year to sup­plementing this form of recognitionwith two types of medallions forpapers judged most outstanding.

All of the presentations of technicalpapers are limited to reports of re­search conducted in-hou e at Armylaboratories. The conference enablesscientific investigators to describe re­sults of their experiments before agathering of 400 to 500 of the leadingscientists, engineers, technicians andR&D mana~ement per onnel in theDepartment of Defense.

Under provisions of the Quadripar­tite Agreement between the United

(Contintud on page SO)

NASA Permits AMCJoint Use of Facilities

Expansion of the national capa·bility in low-speed Ilviation research,at a sllving estimated at ahout $100million-that is, avoiding cost of con­structing a separate Army facility-isthe payoff of a recent Army MaterielCommand-NASA agreement.

Providing for joint use of existingNational Aeronautics and Space Ad­ministration test chambers, \vind tun­nels and other facilities by scientistsand engineers of the two agencies, theagrllPnlent is an expansion of a pactnegotiated in 1965.

Tb original arrangement estab.lished the U.S. Army Aeronautical Re·search Laboratory at the NASA·AMES Research Center at MoffettField, Calif. Now the Army hasgained use of such NASA facilities as

(Continued on page 5)

Vol. 10 No. 10 a December 1969

cause of delay in administering emer­gency medical treatment and trans­porting victims to medical facilities.

"According to one authority, atleast 25 ptlrcent of the 170,000 Ameri­cans who will suffer permanent disa·bility this year in highway accidentscould escape disability with propercare shortly after their accidents.

"In order to reduce - the frightfultoll of death and disability on thehighway, we in the Departmcnt of De­fense have joined with the Depart­ment of Health, Education aDd Wei.fare and other federal agencies toform a committee that is now stud­ying means of making the helicopter aflying ambulance here at home as it isin Vietnam. We have great hopes forthe potential benefits we can obtainfrom applying what we have learnedin Vietnam to the medical emergencywe face here at home."

UH-1B and C model helicopters. TheUH-1 series aircraft has been themainstay of mobility in U.S. and alliedmilitary operation in Southeast Asia.

CRFS units are being produced byGoodyear Tire and Rubber Co. undercontract to Bell Helicopter under a.ninitial $8.2 million contract.

The first CRFS production modelwa.a unveiled Dec. 9 to Army authori.ties at Goodyear's plant at LitchfieldPark, Ariz.

Besides its ability to prevent fueldispersion during crash impact, CRFSoffers greater production from enemygunfire than existing fuel tanks. Thesystem will seal bullet holes from both.30 and .50 caliber machinegun slugs.UH-1 aircraft used in combat haveonly a .30-caliber hole-sealing capa·bility.

To illustrate potential savings inhuman lives and resources whichcould be expected to accrue throughthe use of the new fuel system, Armyspokesmen cited 1967, '68 and '69post-crash flre statistics.

The Army experienced 334 aircraftaccidents during this period and 206were survivable except for post-crashfires, which caused 156 fatalities, withan additional 470 receiving burn inju­ries. Approximately $80 million inmateriel losses occurred in these fires.

Citing the increase in survivabilityoffered by CRFS, Army spokesmensaid under comparable circumstancesthe mortality figure would be reducedfrom 155 to 44, and burn injurieswould be reduced from 470 to 132.Materiel savings in terms of dollarswould have amounted to $68 million.

Army to Install CRFS in 11,6000 Aircraft by 1975

Seeretary of Defense Melvin R.Laird sees medical evacuation teeh­niques developed to save the lives ofthousands of soldiers wounded inVietnam as the bright hope of thefuture for recovery of persons injuredin highway accidents.

Speaking recently at a meeting ofthe board of directors of Marshfield(Wis.) Clinic, Secretary Laird said:

". . . By use of the helicopter wehave saved many from death andfrom disability in Vietnam. The samemeans of swift transfer of accidentvictims from the scene of an accidentto medical facilities can reduce the ac­cident toll here at home.

"If pre.ent trends continue, morethan 56,000 Americans are expected tobe killed and two million to be injuredon our highways this year. In remoteand rural areas, the death rate is fourtimes greater than in urban areas be-

Laird Sees Vietnam Med Evac Skill Saving Civilians

Deaths due to post-crash fires inU.S. Army aircraft are expected to hereduced 72 percent by installation cf anewly developed Army crash-resistantfuel system (CRFS) in about 11,600aircraft by 1975.

In announcing a decision to installCRFS in its entire aircraft fleet, theDepartment of the Army said the firstplanes to have the life·saving systemwill roll off production lines in thespring of 1970. Nearly all Army air­craft are expected to be converted toCRFS by 1975.

Army aviation safety experts "con­servatively estimate the new fuelsystem will cut deaths due to post­crash fires by 72 percent, by mini­mizing fire hazards due to rupturedfuel tanks and lines."

Heralded by Army spokesmen as a"major aviation safety breakthrough,"the new system incorporates a combi­nation of design, high-impact-resis­tant msterials, and self.sealing fueltanks coupled with breaksway lines.

The system is expected to have wideapplication in civil as well as militaryaviation, Army researchers stated.

The Army provided the impetus andnearly $2 million in funds for initialresearch and development on the con­cept by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.and the Dynamic Sciences Division ofMarshall Industries, Phoenix, Ariz.R&D was done under contract to theArmy Aviation Materiel Laboratories,Fort Eustis, Va.

Designed for Use in Bell UH-1D andH model belicopte"" built for theArmy, CRFS was also approved foruse in Bell's AH-1G "Cobras" and the

Editor Cle«hC" T. Smith" ....cia Editor G"org" J. Maku.a

Publi hed mOQth!,. b, tbe Army Rl"Seaub Office,Office' of ,h. Chief of Rt.aeafrh azul Dr.C'1opmf'nt,Ik~"mt'nl of th~ Army, "uhiaetod. D.C. ~0310. incoordInation with Ib,. TerhaJul and Indu.trial Li.i DOffi<-I", OCRD. C,..tfOlul at-!uJowld,n:1CDI i. m,de lorIltt" ",Iuable- • l,llan" of 'tlf"rmation Officn wilhillIhl" t:. - _\lm,. lalerl..1 Cnmmalul, U.S. CorulncawAn'n)' Conlmand. Office of lh. ChiC'f .,( £nclneen. and

ffire I'll The ur~t"Qn WD~1. UIIf' of IUlld. for prillt.in. of lhi, publlt'alion h... bren lpproycd by Head.qurten. Depaflml"nl (I' tht" Arm,. June 6. 1967,

PUf!H'JC To ImprOIlC' Informal ~ommUQlC"all(Jn amona nil"ieg~nl' of the "'my SCIentific communII>, lind Ol~r

uou!mmrnl R&D IIgenOe\; II;) runhcr undef')loandln. ofArmy R&D proere . problem are.;a5 .nd proaram plan­nln1l: 10 !iUmu!alc morc Itk>o.rl) lnlcer-nco nd coordlnaudctr~n amon, Arm)' RAD ..Ktlvllu~, to c,pres" "IIC....... oflu.dcn.. ;,.\ pen.ncnl 10 lhcl" rapon IblhllC • ;md 10 ~"P

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Bj.J.cllrJ ""u·/(') Pnm.,.) rc\pcwt3.lbllll) for OPiniOns ofb)' ·lIned aUlhoN, rlt...... _Ith 1hem. then ""~"'S et() not ncen.\3td)' rencci the offic.aJ policy or POSJllon of the Ocpan­men' or Ihc Arm)'

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DietrlbuUon on an individual name bub. t.re1!Itrided to membera or the U.S. Army AtomicEneru and RAD Offit!f!r Sp«il!ll Ca1'Hr Pro­&ramll and to R&D MobiliKtion Deaipeel.Otherwi to, dulribution i. made only to theArmy hutaJlaliun. office or or••niutlonat eJe­ment to ",-bich t.ht. nQu.ester 1& a.&licned.

eRA 'GES OF ADDRESS fo. AE and R&DOllii('u Spedal C.....eu Prol.Caa nrollea .houldbe addrea..d to: Sped.list Bca-nth. OPXC. D...parlmenl of the Ar ....y. Stop 106 WuhlnrtoD.D.C. 20315. R&D MobiUu.t.ioa DuipltH shouldt'ontaet the Olice- or Pler.onne! Operatlonll.Reftue Compone.nt. Ce.nter. Fort BenjaminHurtaon. Indl.napoli.. In'. .tZ4t-ATTN:Hob D•• Cat~,. Branch.

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ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS l\IAGAZINE DECEhmER 1969

AMC Revamping Materiel Acquisition Process in PROMAp·70(Continued from pO-ge 1)

Army Materiel Command headquar­ters elements charged with implement­ing PROMAP-70 are the Directorateof Research, Development and Engi­neering; Cost and Economic Informa­tion Office; Office of the Comptroller;Directorate of Personnel andTraining; Special Assistant for Pro­ject Management; and the Directoratefor Requirements and Procurement.

Some of the measures envisioned inPROMAP-70 call for immediateaction; others involve long-range ob­jectives. Early goals include reducingoptimism in initial cost estimates;controlling changes in ongoing pro­grams; improving assessment of tech­nical risk and program costs prior tosystem development; improving testand evaluation; and reducing concur­rency provisions.

Intermediate and long-range ac­tions will be concerned with materielacquisition management, formulationof concepts, contract definition andsource selection, and engineering de­velopment and production.

In explaining the rationale forPROMAP-70, General Feyereisensaid the massive effort calls for an"increase in AMC's emphasis on totalweapon systems planning, developinglong-range program guidance, ,andidentifying future resourCe con­straints over a 10-year period, in aneffort to reduce the program andbudget f1uctllations impacting badly onproduction schedules and cost...."

Each of AMC's seven commoditycommands will establish cost centerswhose function will be to validate costestimates from an improved data basethey must organize and staff.

The commodity commands are:Aviation Systems Command, St.Louis, Mo.; Electronics Command,For Monmouth, N.J.; Missile Com­mand, Redstone (Ala). Arsenal; Mo·bility Equipment Command, St.Louis; Munitions Command, Dover,N.J.; Tank·Automotive Command,Warren, Mich.; Weapons Command,Rock Island (Ill.) Arsenal.

Involved also is the Army Test andEvaluation Command, another AMCelement headquartered at the Aber­deen (Md.) Research and Develop­ment Center. Each of the commoditycommands and TECOM will workthrough AMC project managers inimplementing PROMAP-70 plans.

With respect to concept fonnula·tion, General Feyereisen said "we willbe looking for better life cycle costestimates.... We are improvingsystem definition by added emphasison the try·before-buy principle,"

AMC source selection boards will berequired to place more emphasis onjudging contractors based on the costrealism in their proposals and theirpast performance. Introduction of a"vigorous program of risk analysisbased on evaluation of technical, costschedule and user l'equirements willbe fundamental to this concept,"

During engineering developmentand production, AMC project man­agers will be looking for better waysto motivate contractors and controlmission and overhead costs.

Test and evaluation personnel, Gen.eral Feyereisen said, will be providednecessary resources to avoid delays intesting-"so costly to us and in­dustry. We will be testing more thor­oughly before we commit large sumsin production.... Less and less reli­ance will be placed on paper assur­ances and more in the way of compo­nent development and prototype fabri­cation to identify and resolve risks."

Changes scheduled in PROMAP-70were detailed at a Dec. 11 AMC Com­manders Conference where it was ex·plained that the program originatedas a result of recent budgetary R&Dand procurement reductions.

In addition to an expanded contractdefinition and development phase, theArmy will insist on hardware demon­strations during the concept phase.The idea is to avoid pitfalls of beingin too big a hurry to start systems de­velopment or concurrent procurementof development and production. Fromthe outset, more accurate estimates oftotal costs will be required.

Procurement cost-analyses teamswill be established, utilizing both anal­ysis and industrial engineering capa­bility in the in-depth evaluation ofcontractor procedures. Stress will beon isolating and eliminating theimpact of contractor inefficiency fromprices negotiated in the non-competi­tive environment.

Much of the cost growth has beencaused by inadequate control over in­troduction of engineering changes.Procedures being established will reoquire total cost impact evaluation ofall proposed changes in materiel.

When practical, AMC \vill insistupon a binding cost proposal for in­troduction of a change before author·izing its implementation. Approval au­thority will be stratified to assure thatsenior officials make cost decisions.

Expanded user participation willinvolve "greater utilization of the ex­pertiJle available at the CONARC(Continental Anny Command) Cen­ters," with center commanders taking

a key role in expanded service testingof materiel.

HQ CONARC teams will make in­dependent evaluations of Test andEvaluation Command board reportsand submit findings to HQ DA. Con­currently, HQ Combat DevelopmentsCommand will increase participationin operational testing, and also makeindependent evaluations to HQ DA.

Expanded testing, will selectivelyinvolve operating more prototypes intypical field conditions for extendedperiods under the eyes of a broadaudience of experienced Army com­manders. Tests will not only evaluatehardware performance, but seek todetermine battlefield utility againstcurrent and future doctrinal and tac­tical concepts.

Another area of expended ell'ort willinvolve, an official explained, makinggreater use of technology of allies andalso that of the enemy. Much is beingaccomplished by the QuadripartiteStandardization Program, in whichthe U.S., United Kingdom, Canadaand Australia are linked in mutualweapons development programs. TheU.S.-Canadian Development SharingProgram also is successfully servingth is objective.

Greater emphasis in PROMAP-70also will be placed on adaptation ofcommercial equipment to military use,rather than supporting families ofmilitary design items, such as the cur­rent program to use commercial heavyconstruction equipment.

Chief of Engineers MovesInto Forrestal Building

The Office of the Chief of Army En­gineers, located in Building T-7, adjs­cent to Washington National Airportsince the end of World War II, hasmoved to the Forrestal Building com­plex at 10th Street and IndependenceAvenue, S.W., Washington, D.C.

"Returning to Washington is likecoming home again," Lt Gen F. J.Clarke, Chief of Engineers, said as hisoffice began operating at its new ad­dress. General Clarke was the engi­neer commissioner of the District ofColumbia from 1960 to 1963.

The office employs some 1,300 mili·tary and civilian personnel who helpthe Chief of Engineers direct hisbroad water resources developmentand military construction programs,military engineering, real estate, andmapping responsibilities.

During the Second World War theOffice of the Chief of Engineers wasin the New War Building now a wingof the State Department Building at21st and C Streets, N.W.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE S

ECOM's parent command, and themove to ECOM followed.

Dr. Ballard was born in NiagaraFalls, Ontario, and was graduatedfrom Queens University, Kingston,Ontario, with a BS degree in engi.neering. He ea.rned a PhD degree inearth sciences from Washington Uni­versity, St. Louis, Mo., in 1963.

His postdoctoral studies includecourses in photoelasticity at QueensUniversity and mathematics andphysics courses at Dartmouth College,where be was a. visiting professor. Heis a graduate of the American Man­agement Association's executive man­agement course and has pursued post­doctotal management studies atGeorge Washington University.

Known as author or coauthor of nu­merous publications in scientific jour­nals in the U.S. and abroad, in addi­tion to industrial and governmenttechnical and scientific reports, Dr.Ballard is a registered professionalengineer. In 1967 he was chairman ofthe Defense Science Seminar AlumniPlanning Group, and has participatedin various DoD studies and panels.

He is listed in American Men ofScience and is a member of Sigma Xi,the Geological Society of America,American Society of Civil Engineers,and the Committee on Rock Mechanicsof the American Society for Testingand Materials.

DECEMBER 1969

"Strategic Offensive/Defensive MissileSystems" was the topic of a Dec. 1-3national meeting of the American In·stitute of Aeronautics and Astro­nautics in California. Julian Davidson(left) was chairman of a panel on"Antimissile Defense Technology."Davidson is diredor of the HuntsvilleOffice, Advanced Ballistic Missile De­fense Agency (AB~mA). With him isDr. Ralph Pennington, who presenteda paper on "Data Processing Hard­ware/Software" for baUistic missiledefense. Dr. Pennington is special as­sistant for data processing to the com­manding general of the Safeguard Sys­tem Command and to ABMDA.

Dr. Geoffrey E. H. Ballard

Six years ago Dr. Ballard enteredU.S. Government service as a CivilService employe when he joined thestaff of the U.S. Anny Cold RegionsResearch and Engineering Labora­tory, Hanover, N.H. He served succes­sively as research geologist, researchcivil engineer and general engi­neer, performing theoretieaJ and ex­perimental research in the mechanicsof snow, ice, frozen ground and rocks.

In September 1966, he departedCRREL to become a physical scienceadministrator in the Office of the Di­rector of Research and Laboratories,U.S. Army Materiel Command, wherehe advanced to acting chief, EarthSciences Division. The AMC is

Director of the Institute for Ex­ploratory Research, HQ U.S. ArmyElectronics Command, a position thatled the past two incumhents to keyjobs in the Office of the Director ofDefense Research and Engineering, isDr. Geoffrey E. H. Ballard's new title.

The 37-year-old Canadian-bornscientist, who joined the ECOM staffin July 1968, succeeds Dr. S. BenedictLevin, Deputy Assistant Director (Re­search), ODDR&E, since Mar. I, 1968.Dr. Ballard is a U.S. citizen.

Dr. Edward M. Reilley, whopreceded Dr. Levin in that office, leftto become the U.S. Post Office Depart­ment's first Director of Research andDevelopment. Dr. Reilley also pre­ceded Dr. Levin as IER director.

Dr. Ballard established his capabil­ities for promotion to his new positionwhile serving first as scientific adviserto the director, Combat Surveillance,Night Vision and Target AcquisitionLaboratories (CSNVTAL), and thenas assistant to Dr. Rohert S.Wiseman.

Signifying to the importance ofthese assignments in Dr. Ballard'scareer was Dr. Wiseman's recognitionwith a $5,000 honorarium and theArmy Exceptional Civilian ServiceAward in 1968. Wiseman was citedfor exceptional performance in arga­nizing, staffing and directing theCSNVTAL and developing night-vi­sion devices urgently needed in theVietnam war.

Dr. Ballard Succeeds Levin as ECOM IER Director

4 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEW!? MAGAZINE

AlB Displays Weapons at 'Golden Anniversary' ShowHalf a century 'Of test operations under the purview of

tbe U.S. Army Infantry Board was marked recently atFort Benning, Ga., where the observance included a dis­play of old Infantry weapons and a demonstration ofnewly developed systems.

Weapons and equipment on exhibit included manyitems dating back to the AlB's early test operations, suchas the Springfield 03 and the Stokes mortar, and also thenew developments.

One of the features of the demonstration firing offlares, incendiary rounds, rockets and grenades was theuse of a battlefield illumination system that fires high­intensity candles with self-deployed parachutes.

Among new systems shown to the visitors was a 4.shotrocket launcher that is scheduled for service testing andis designed to replace present flame throwers; also, theXM203 combining the M16A1 rifle and a 40mm grenadelauncher. Other new items included the 5.56mm machine­gun, the Stoner machinegun, and a 40mm grenadelauncher that can tire at 800 rounds a minute or singlerounds.

The Army Infantry Board was first established by theWar Department in March 1903 at Fort Leavenworth,Kans., and it moved to Fort Benning in 1919. Its missionas the Infantry materiel test activity of the U.S. ArmyTest and Evaluation Command, Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGround, is to test all weapon systems and items ofequipment uesd by the Infantry soldier.

Lt Col Frank L. Treece

U Col C. W. McDowell Jr.

Division, an action that reflects therecent high priority given by theArmy Chief of Staff to this greatlyintensified area of R&D effort. (Seepage 1 article, November 1969 ArmyResearch and Development News71UJ,g­azine.)

The OCRD Southeast Asia Divisionwas redesignated the STANO Divi­sion, which continued its function ofmonitoring activities of the U.S.Army Limited War Laboratory at Ab­erdeen (Md.) Proving Ground. Thelaboratory is a primary quick-reosponse agency Ij;o meet urgent de·mands generated in Southeast Asia.

Responsibilities for staffing the Tac­tical Satellite Communications Man­agement Office is now transferred tothe U.S. Army Materiel Command.

In other realignments, the OCRDInformation Systems Office has beenassigned additional responsibility forcommittee management, and the Plansand Policy Division has supplantedthe Plans Division in the Directorateof Plans and Programs.

NEW YEAR RESOLUTlONI"Let us press toward an open world

-a world of open doors, open hearts,open minds-a world open to the ex­change of ideas and of people." FromPresident Nixon's recent address toU.N. General Assembly.

ECOM Advonces Treece, McDowell to Key PositionsSpecial assistant for Aviation and Aviation Electronics recently became

the title of Lt Col Frank L. Treece at HQ U.S. Army Eleetrcmics Commandwhen he succeeded Lt Col Raymond W. Truex Jr., now commander of theECOM Aviation Detachment, Naval Air Station, Lakehurst, N.J.

Lt Col Chester W. McDowell Jr. moved into Col Treece's former assign­ment as product manager, Navigation Control,after serving two years as a ,.taff officer inthe Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff forForce Development in Washington, D.C.

LT COL TREECE has served with the 34thGeneral Support Group in Vietnam, the U.S.Army Aviation Test Board and the 47th In­fant~y Division at Fort Rucker, Ala., and the304th Signal Battalion in Korea.

He holds a BS degree in electrical englnoor­ing from the University of Alabama and hasdone postgraduate work in aerospace engi­neering at the University of Southern Cali­fornia Extension Center.

He has graduated from the Officer CandidateSchool, Army Aviation Training School, Ad­vanced Signal Officers Course, the Army Heli­copter School, and the Command and GeneralStaff College. Rated as a master Army aviator,he has received the Bronze Star, Air, and ArmyCommendation Medals.

LT COL McDOWELL has a BS degree ingeneral education from the University ofOmaha and is rated as a senior Army aviator.

He has had assignments at Fort Rucker andin Europe, Korea, Alaska and Vietnam. Hisdecorations include the Meritorious ServiceMedal, Bronze Star Medal, Air Medal, ArmyCommendation Medal with 1st Oak Leaf Clus­ter, and VN Cross of Gallantry with Palm.

NASA Permits AMCJoint Use of Facilities

(Gontinusd from page 1)Langley Research Center, Hampton,Va., and Lewis Research Center,Cleveland, Ohio.

Under the new agreement, about175 Army civilian and miiltary per­sonnel will be assigned to the NASAfacilities-50 at AMES, 70 at Langleyand 45 at Lewis. Army Materiel Com­mand officials said some personnel willbe transferred from other facilitiesbut most professionals will be re­cruited from June 1970 college grad­uating classes.

Army aeronautical research reoquirements, it was explained, have.been met principally by contracts withindustry and university investigatorsat the AMES facility, or by requeststo NASA for assistance. Ongoing pro­grams, however, have not been ade­quate to meet the Army's increasingdemands for advanced technology.

Provisions of the new contract withNASA will enable the Army to in·crease its studies on helicopters; aero­dynamics and structural dynamics ofrotor types; wind tunnel wall effectstests for VISTOL aircraft; STOLmodel testing; performance of para­chute canopies; and parachute em­ployment and environment.

In recent years, much of the NASAeffort to advance technology in low.speed aviation has been concentratedon VITOL and STOL wind-tunnelstudies and flight research; generalaviation aircraft; approach andlanding of subsonic jets; airplanesand terminal area operations.

Low-speed aircraft are generallyconsidered those flying at a speedbelow 400 miles an hour. The Army'sinterest in helicopters, including thegreatly expanding effort in develop­ment of those with heavy-lift capa­bility (long-range goal of 50 to 60tons), is in this category.

Planning calls for expenditure of $5million to $6 million on the expandedaeronautical research program in FY1970, with the expansion of activitiesunder the AMC·NASA agreement tobegin as soon as possihle.

OCRD Reorganizes Due to Personnel Cutback(Continued from page 1) tions-Electronics Division.

Ranges and Space Division (MDR&S). Another change affecting the AROThe U.S. Army Ballistic Missile De- is discontinuation of the Researchfense Agency (ABMDA), a Class II Plans Office and the Studies and Anal.activity of OCRD, is under the staff yses Division. Functions of the lattersupervision of this directorate. are transferred to a new OCRD

MDR&S Division activities in map- Studies and Analyses Division.ping, geodesy and survey matters were Another new OCRD division, Re­transferred to the Army Research search Technology, supplants the Re­Office (ARO). MDR&S Division space search Plans Office and also isactivities were transferred intact with charged with laboratory managementthe Space Branch to the Communica- DA proponency for Army Regulations

705-55. This function was transferredfrom the Management and EvaluationDivision. Both of the new divisionscontinue as part of the Research Di­rectorate.

Responsibility for avionics activitiesis now assigned to the Air MobilityDivision, Director of Developments.Avionics was transferred from theCommunications-Electronics Division.

LBs responsibility for avionics, andalso for projects oriented to require·ments for STANO (Surveillance,Target Acquisition and Night Obser·vation), the Communications-Elec­tronics Division was transferred fromthe Directorate of Ifflvelopments tothe Directorate of Missiles and Space.

Newly established within the Direc­torate of Developments is a STANO

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS ~IAGAZINE 5

STANLEY WACHTELL Was employed three years as a chemist with theNew York Testing Laboratories and a8 an inspector of o"dnance material withthe Pittsburg and New York District.. for two years prior to his employmentin 1942 as an analytical chemist with the Feltman Research Laboratories(FRL), Picatinny Arsenal. He became chief of the FRL Physioco-ChemicalUnit in 191,1! and remained until 1958. Then he transferred to the AmmunitionEngineering Directorate as a specialist in process control in the manufactureof p1'opellants and e",plosives. For the pa.t year ke has been acting chief of theProcess Engineering Laboratory at the arsenal. Wachtell earned a BS degreein chemistry from the City College of New York in 1934 and has done graduatework at Columbia and New York Univer8·it1es. He WM the recipient of thePica tinny Arsenal Annual Technical W,.iting Award in 1961.

Leon W. Saffian Richard 111. Rindner Stanley Wachtell

LEON W. SAFFIAN, deputy chief of the Munitions Engineering Divisionat Picatinny A r8e-nal, reccived the Dcpartment of the Army Re8careh andDevelop""e-nt Aehwvement Award in 1966 for his work on tke technology ofdesign of protective structures. He began his Federal Civil Service career atPicatinny in 1950 in process mginee,ing phases of e",plosives manufacture, andadvanced to chief of the High E",plosives and Loading Section in 1956, and in1968 became acting chwf of tke Process Engineering Laboratory, where heserved .mtil promoted to his prese1/.t position in 1969. Saffian earned a BCEdegree from tke City College of New York in 1949 and an MSCE degree fromthe University of Michigan in 1950. He completed postgraduate courses inmathematics, thermodynamics, ohemical kinetics and fluid dyna1nics at StevenaInstitute of Technology.-----_M1. _

RICHARD M. RINDNER is recogltized as an autho,.ity on safety designcriteria pertaining to over-all propellant and e",plosive manufacturing andstorage facilities. Employed at Pwatinny Arse-nal since 1957, he has beendirecting for seve"al years a proiect aimed at the establishment of de.igncriteria in C01!struction of new and improvement of e",isting e",plosive storage,handling and production facilitie•. He received a Sustained Superior Perform­ance Award in 1962 and a Quality Increase Award in 1969 for his work on thisprogram. Born in Lwow, Poland in 1923, Rindner attended the Technical Uni­versity in Berlin, Germany. He received a BS degree in ohemical engineeringin 1952 and a1t MS deg"ee in industrial engineering in 1956, both fromColumbia University. He hM authored and presented technical pape'!"s forna.tional and international 1Men-ngs.

•

Arsenal effort included Leon W. Saf­fian, deputy chief of the Munition En­gineering Division and a noted experton explosives who conceived and di­rected the over-all program. StanleyWachteJl was a consultant and coor­dinated the interagency activities.Richard Rindner was propect engineer.They joined in paying tribute to thekey role of Russell G. Perkins asASESB project administrator.

Testing of design models during the

Army Corp. of Enaineeu. Chlc_l'o District:and "Concept Studt on a Proposed VlbraUonTest FadUty:' prepared fOr tile Army Testa.nd g.,..luation Command. Aberdeen Prodnl'Ground, Md.

Edward Cohen was the program su­pervisor and Norval Dobbs was pro­ject engineer for the New York con­sulting firm of Ammann & Whitney,which had a primary role in engi­neering design under continuing con­tracts, results of which contributed topublication of the manual.

Key personnel in the Picatinny

Armed Services Explosives Safety Board Issues Facilities ManualHow can a facility engaged in man­

ufacture, handling or storage of high­energy explosives, or in chemical pro­cesses involving potential catastrophicexplosions, be constructed to minimizepossibilities of major loss of life andproperty?

Scientifically determined answers tothat question, obtained from collabo­rative effort of numerous U.S. Gov­ernment and private agencies over a10-year period of continuing investi­gation, are contained in a new docu­ment, Struotures to Resist Effect~ ofAcoidental E",plosi0rt8.

Sponsored by the Armed ServicesExplosives Safety Board (ASESB),under the over-all direction of theU.S. Army's Picatinny Arsenal atDover, N.J., the research effort repre­sented in this joint services publica­tion involved exhaustive testing of ex­perimental structures.

Issued recently under direction ofSecretaries of the Army, Navy andAir Force (ATM 5-1300, NAVFACP-397, AFM 88-22), the manual is di­rected primarily to design engineers.It is expected to have a profoundimpact throughout the United Statesand in many foreign countries amongexplosives safety authorities.

In the foreword, ASESB ChairmanCol B. B. Abrams (U.S. Army) saysthe document "is intended for theadvice of individuals and organiza­tions concerned with the design ofprotective construction to limit the ef­fects of accidental explosions. It rep­resents a significant advance in thisdesign...."

In stating that the manual "pro­vides a basis for greatly increasedprotection against propagation of ex­plosions, damage to facilities, and lossof life," Col Abrams says U A largepart of the analytical and test workwas performed by, or under the direc­tion of, Picatinny Arsenal. ..."

The foreword also acknowledgesfunding support by various agenciesof the Department of Defense and theNational Aeronautics and Space Ad­ministration, and expresses apprecia­tion to the many contributing agenciesthat coordinated activities.

Potential far-ranging impact ofStructures to Resist Effects of Acci­dental E",plosim has been evidencedto date by application of technologyadvanced in this report to more than30 Army structures embodying thedesign principles. Industrial organiza­tions also are applying the concepts.

T:rplc:al of numfTOU dnJp and consuttatinHn"icft provided by Army eDl'ineua at Pia­tinny Arlena1 are IUch proJeetl: u: "Struc­tural Concept Study for PropoHC! Sprint Mia·.lIe Propellant Productioh Facilit.r," preparedfor tht: U.S. Army Safell'Ds.rd System Com.mand; "Concept Stud,. of the Lad St;ypha.nalePrimer M.d: Facility," prepared for the U.S.

6 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

Students Laud R&D CourseIn Third Year at Fort Belvoir

Training in the art of effectivebriefing to meet requirements of per­sonnel in research and developmentmanagerial positions is the purposeof a course in its tbird year at FortBelvoir, Va.

The U.S. Army Mobility EquipmentR&D Center, which initiated thecourse, reported Oct. 31 that 115 stu­dents-managers, scientists, projectengineers--had completed the course.

The 30-hour program is planned toimprove communica tions between theuser, developer and tester during theR&D life cycle of military hardware.Key personnel learn to improve theirskill in planning, preparing and de­livering an effective briefing, includingworkshop exercises. Two-thirds of thestudents termed the course "excellent."

Conducted by the Training Division,Fort Belvoir Civilian Personnel Office,the course is given as requested bylaboratory chiefs. Among agenciesparticipating in the program are theArmy Engineer Topographic labora­tories, the Engineer Reactors Group,and the Army Electronics CommandNight-Vision Laboratory.

MODEL STRUCfURE, designed to resist effects of accidental explosion, is shownafter tests with 2,000 and 3,500 pounds of high explosi\'es by Picatinny Ar enal.

requirements of various military and manual will generally apply is for ex­civilian establishments. plosive quantities less than 25,000

Primary objectives, it is explained, pounds.are to establish methods by which the The foreword to the manual statespropagation of explosions from one that "in a work of this magnitude it isbuilding or part of a building to an- eXp€cted that there may he pointsother and/or mass detQslations can be which require further verification orprevented, thereby protecting per- modification as a result of future testssonnel, valuable equipment and/or ex- and experience."plosives. Continuing investigation is pro-

Guidelines are established for tbe gramed to refine determinations in thesiting of explosive facilities, obtaining manual. Agencies or individuals de­maximum cost effectiveness in both siring to recommend ch"nges or offersite planning and structural arrange- comments regarding usefulness of thement, and providing protective clo- manual may address communicationssures to prevent damage to interior through appropriate military channelsportions of structures. to: Chairman, Armed Services Explo-

Charts and tables in the manual, it sives Safety Board, Nassif Building,is stated, are applicable to explosive Washington, D.C. 20315.detonations in the order of many Initial distribution of the manualthousands of pounds of high explo- was made by the ASESB to U.S. Gov­sives. It is stresscd, however, that the ernment agencies having a primaryusual design stituation where the interest and to other sourCes that

have evidenced concern with design ofstructures to minimize destructive ef­fects and loss of life in accidental ex­plosions. Copies are available throughthe Superintendent of Documents,U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C. ($5.25).

a coating for experimen<tal mortartubes, the anodizing proccss has sincebeen improved to improve qualities ofresisting abrasion and wear on tita­nium components. Many industrial or­ganizations are finding or experi­menting with applications.

Pochily is the second WatervlietArsenal researcher to win an ArmyR&D Achievement Award. In 1962,Dr. Thomas E. Davidson, AlbertReiner, David P. Kendall and RobertA. Petell shared an award for applica­tion of the autofrettage process indesign and manufacture of high­strength gun tubes.

WATERVLIET ARSENAL chemistTheodore Pochilly explains applicationof anodized "hardcoating" of titaniumcomponents to Lt A. J. Wein, projectengineer of the Materials Laboratory,Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

Applications of an anodized "hard­coating" for titanium developed byTheodore M. Pochily are increasing,such as for weapons parts, helicopterengines, other aircraft components,and star-tracking devices.

Observations regarding current andpotential uses for the anodizing pro­cess were made during recent ceremo­nies when Chief of Research and De­-relopment Lt Gen Austin W. Bettspresented Pochily with a 1969 ArmyR&D Achievement Award.

In attendance at the ceremony atWatervliet (N.Y.) Arsenal, where Po­chily is employed, were Maj Gen Ri­chard H. Free, head of the U.S. ArmyMateriel Command Directorate of De­velopment and Engineering; ColArthur H. Sweeney Jr., formerarsenal CO and now acting CO, U.S.Army Weapons Command; Col JamesJ. Albertson, CO of Rock Island (Ill.)Arsenal; and Lt ColO. W. Lee Jr.,acting Watervliet CO.

Pochily's process prevents titaniumfrom "galling," or seizing upon itselfwhen used as a bearing surface, thusenabling the lightweight metal toretain its excellent corrosion-resistantqualities. It has been used to protectthe gas-turbine engine (T-53) forthe UH-1 helicopter from destructivein-take of corrosives in operationsover Vietnamese rice paddies andheaches.

First used at Watervliet Arsenal as

long-sustained investigation of com­parative effects of various explosivecharges ranged up to 10,000 poundshigh-explosive equivalent on numeroustypes of designs. Dobbs, Cohen,Wachtell and Rindner have publishednumerous progress reports.

The cooperating agencie includedthe U.S. Naval Weapon Center, ChinaLake, Calif.; Naval Civil EngineeringLaboratories, Port Hueneme, Calif.;U.S. Army Ballistic Research Labora­tories, Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGround; Office of the Chief of Engi­neers, U.S. Army; Corps of Engi­neers, Ohio River Division Labora­tories, and the Army Waterways Ex­periment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.;and the U.S. Naval Weapons Labora­tory, Dahlgren, Va.

Other organizations credited withimpol·tant assists in the joint serviceeffort are such contract agencies asArthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge,Mass., and Columbia University ofNew York City.

The manual, measuring 16% by11 'l(, inches, contains numerous illus­trations and charts applicable to vary­ing design problems of constructingprotective facilities geared to precise

R&D Acbievement Award Winner's Work Paying Off

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 7

Col Brown Designated to Command CDCEC

Chesarek Discusses Priortties on Use of Men, MoneyApplication of priorities and tech­

niques to utilize effectively "ourshrinking reSOUrCes of men andmoney" was the keynote of Army Ma­teriel Command CG General F. J.Chesarek in a recent address to theEconomic Cluh of Detroit, Mich.

Toward this ohjective, he mentionedthe city motto of Detroit--"SperamusMeliora" (We Hope for BetterThings)-and his own progress fromservice there in 1933 as a file clerk inthe Terstedt Division of GeneralMotors.

With respect to the Army's currentexpenditure rate of $1.3 hillion an­nually for materiel pam support, hecited complexities of reliability andmaintenance problems, saying:

"In the Hawk antiaircraft missilesystem, there are 27,764 parts. Thefailure of anyone of these will de­grade the performance of the system,and the failure of a single criticalitem will render it inoperative.

"The lowly generator, providingpower for a command post or a com­munications station, has 837 parts. Intoto, there are 1.1 million parts in thecatalogues supporting Army materiel.

"Obviously, merely maintainingtoday's equipment will not give oursoldiers the hest that modern scienceand technology can offer, SO the Armyspends about $1.7 billion a year onresearch and development of newweapon systems, munitions and sup­port equipment.

"Actual procurement of hardwareand munitions in FY 1969 totaled an­other $7.7 biJlion. When you add theseexpenditures and apply the cost oflabor, plant and burden to executethese tasks-plus procurement for OUrsister services-the Army MaterielCommand ... spent approximately $14billion this past fiscal year, or about50 percent of the total Army budget."

General Chesarek devoted a sub­stantial part of his address to Armyprocurement and R&D activities and"legitimate criticism" of those "whoseek out soft spots in our defensebudget. . . . 1 know of no industry,governing body, or any other institu­tion that has reached an unchallengedsummit of managerial excellence."

To iJIustrate that in a complex situ­ation he who has traveled the route isin much better position to assess thecourse of events, he told a joke thatrocked the audience, saying:

"This reminds me of a story con­cerning four people--a beautiful red­head, a Marine colonel, a little oldlady, and an Army sergeant. Theyfound themselves sitting together onopposite seats of a train heading from

Washi.ngton to New York. The prettyredhead, of course, was the center ofattraction and conversation.

"Suddenly, the train entered atunnel, the lights flickered out, talkstopped, and the train lurched arounda bend. Two distinct sounds wereheard-that of a rather resoundingkiss, followed by a sharp slap of fleshagainst flesh.

"When the train emerged from thetunnel and the lights were back on,our group of four found themselvesf1ustel'ed and curious. What had hap­pened? Let's look at the inwardthoughts of each of these people.

"The Mal'ine colonel was the mostflustered. His face was red and ob­viously the recipient of the loud slap.He knew he had been hit but alsoknew there was no reason for it. Hehad made no pass at anyone. He

Some 280,000 acres of scientificallyinstrumented testing area known asthe u.s. Army Comhat DevelopmentsCommand ExperimenlJation Com­mand (CDCEC), Fort Ord, Calif., wiJlhecome the management rseponsibilityof Col Thomas W. Brown Dec. 15.

Nominated for promotion to briga­dier general, Col Brown will commandwhat is sometimes called the "Army'slive chessboard." The vast area, ineffect, is an outdoor scientific labora­tory serving HQ CDC at Fort Belvoir,Va., where many concepts and doc­trine geared to envisioned require­ments of the future Army originate.

The CDCEC serves to test many ad­vanced concepts as well as new mate­riel, using techniques of mathematicalmodeling, simulating or war gamingto determine feasibility or merit ofproposals or projects.

Col Brown, the son of an Army of­ficer, was born at West Point, N.Y., in

Col Thomas W. Brown

figured the Army sergeant had kissedthe redhead and she, thinking he, theMarine, was the culprit, hauled offand socked him.

"The little old lady had it aUfigured out. The Marine had kissedthe redhead and got what he deserved.

"The redhead was really confused.She hadn't been kissed, nor had shesocked anyone. So she deduced thatwhen the train lurched around thebend, the Marine inadvertently kissedthe old lady, who in turn slapped him.

"The Army sergeant was the onlyone who had all the facts. He despisedMarines in general and colonels inparticular. He had been on this runmany times and knew of the tunnel,the lights, and the lurch. So whenthese events occurred, he kissed hishand and then let the Mariue have it.

General Chesarek then said, "Need­less to say, we in the Army Materieltake very seriously the views of ourinformed critics."

1919 and attended the University ofMissouri prior to entering the U.S.Military Academy, from which hegraduated in 1943.

After completing the Infantry Of­ficer Basic Course at Fort Benning,Ga., he was assigned to the 513th Par­achute Infantry Regiment as a com­pany commander. In 1945 he left FortBenning to join the 11th Airborne Di­vision in the Phillipines, returning in1948 to complete the Infantry Ad­vanced Course.

Twenty years later, in August 1968,following two years as chief, GroundOperations Branch, J3, Commander­in-Chief, Pacific, he returned to FortBenning to command the Combat De­velopments Command InfantryAgency.

Col Brown has served in Korea, inEngland as a technical representativewith the U.S. Army StandardizationGroup, and in Vietnam in 1965 withthe 3d Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division(Air Mobile). He also has served asan assistant to the Dean of the Aca­demic Board at the U.S. Military Aca­demy.

Graduated from George Wash­ington University, Washington, D.C.,with an MA degree in internationalaffairs, he is also a graduate from theArmy War College at Carlisle Bar­racks, Pa.

Col Brown's decorations include theLegion of Merit (with OLC), theSilver Star (with OLC), Bronze Star(with OLC), Vietnamese Cross ofGallantry with Palm, Combat Infan­tryman's Badge, and Master Parachu­tist Badge.

8 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

maintenance and the elimination ofbulky, heavy recharging facilities.

For military uSe, the battery is as·sembled in five standard 12 to 24-voltsizes, providing from 20 to 150ampere hours and 480 to 3,000 watthours. Outside dimensions range from12.2:>:4x4.3 inches to 12.2x6.7xlOinches. Weight ranges from 7 to 35pounds.

The new zinc-air batteries were de­veloped in the Power Sources Divisionof the Electronic Components Labora­tory, Army Electronics Command.David Linden, deputy chief of thePower Sources Division, was the proj­ect officer and engineer.

3 ECOM Scientists AuthorPoper for Physics Journal

"Ferromagnetic Resonance andNonlinear Effects in Ferrites withUniaxial Anisotropy," a paper pre­pared by three U.S. Army ElectronicsCommand (ECOM) employes, waspresented at the 15th Annual Confer­ence on Magnetism and MagneticMaterials, Nov. 18-21, in Phila., Pa.

Samuel Dixon Jr., Maurice Weinerand Thomas R. Au Coin coauthoredthe paper, scheduled for publication inthe Mareb issue of the Jottrllal of Ap­plied Physics. Dixon and Weiner workin the Gaseous Electronic DevicesBranch of the Electronic ComponentsLaboratory. Au Coin is with the Insti­tute for Exploratory Research.

other batteries. The power may be de­livered over a wide current range, de­pending' upon the size and number ofcells and assembly configuration.

Completely silent, without movingparts, the battery requires a minimumof maintenance. It has long life, up to100 replacements of zinc anodes. Whennot activated by water, it has indefi­nite shelf life.

Operating cost is competitive withother battery systems used in militaryoperations, even without the intan­gible savings resulting from minimum

TOPOCOM Prepared Exploration Maps for Apollo 12Footsteps of Man's second expedi- were supplied by the U.S. Geological

tion across the lunar surface, as left Survey.by Apollo 12 astronauts Charles The maps were drawn to cover the(Pete) Conrad and Alan Bean, fol- area of Site 7 at approximately 3 de­lowed a path mapped more compre- grees south latitude and 23.4 degreeshensively than many regions of the west longitude in the lunar equatorialearth. zone. A backup package for Site 5

The U.S. Army Topographic Com- also was included.mand (TOPOCOM) prepared an Ex- The 1 :100,000 scale photomap (oneploration Map Data (EMD) package inch on the map is equivalent toto meet NASA specifications. 100,000 inches on the lunar surface)

TOPOCOM is a class II installation of the lunar landing area for Apollounder the Chief of Engineers, con- 12 was required to establish thesisting of activities of the former Landing Module's general locationArmy Map Service, the Engineer Top- and as a recording base for visual 00­ographic Laboratories and the 30th servation of distant features. A com­and 64th Engineer Battalions. panion geological map, at the same

The EM 0 package prepared for scale, provided data for the area.Conrad, Bean and moon-orbiting as- Three maps at a 1 :25,000 scale weret1"onaut Richard Gordon included 128 used to refine the Landing Module'smaps of the landing area at three locatio!, within the la.nding site. Thescales. Geological maps and data also geolOgical maps proVlded large-scale

regional information on the immediate;vicinity of the landing.

The TOPOCOM maps were derivedfrom photography taken during theearlier Lunar Orbiter series. A lunarplastic relief map of the landing areaat a scale of 1 :2,000 also has beenprepared in a limited quantity forplanning purposes.

TWO SIZES of basic cell of Army'smechanically rechargeable zine-air bat.tery are sho'll'l1 above. Cigar pack isfor size eomparison. At left, DavidSague, ECOM electronics engineer, in·serts a zine anode into 20-ampere ver­sion of zine-air battery for field use.The battery in the background has a48-ampere hour capacity. Both are inthe 12 to 24-velt operational range.

ECOM Develops Simple Rechargeable Zinc-Air BatteryRecharging a new long-life, high­

energy battery developed by the U.S.Army Electronics Command for suchlightweight combat equipment asbackpack radios, front-line radars andnight-vision devices is the quintes­sence of simplicity.

Cells assembled like a deck of cardsare placed in standard glass-fiber bat­tery cases altered to allow air circula­tion. The soldier in the field can r&o

charge the battery by removing thenarrow zinc anodes in each cell, drop­ping in new anodes and adding water.

Known as a mechanically recharge­able zinc-air battery, the new elec­trical power source has much longerlife than the most advanced dry cells.Unlike other rechargeable batteries, itdoes not require lengthy electrical re­charge or special charging facilities.

The basic unit is a flat zinc-air cell,half an inch thick, whose heightvaries from 4 to 8 inches andwidth between 3'h and 6 ¥.. inches, de­pending on the energy required. Themost common version resembles a5-pack of small cigars.

The cathodes, which make up thesides of the cell ease, contain a mem­brane that retains the water but per­mita the entrance nf air to provideoxygen. This reacts with the potas­sium hydroxide electrolyte, impreg­nated in the zinc, to create current.

In addition to its easy recharge fea­ture, the battery has many other ad­vantages over those now in use. Itshigb energy density approaches 100watt-hours per pound, twice that of

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS lIAGAZINE 9

NLABS' Freeze-Dried Food Research Contributes to Civilian Sales

CURLING-THE-CIRCLE technique used to assemble small spheres for militaryapplications also can be used to join mating parts of a dosed cylinder.

Picatinny Engineer Simplifies Small Sphere Assembly

2

day, with a singl~ fabrication unit.Current work material is low­

carbon mild steel, though future testsmay try out other metals. As long asthe material is ductile and will takea permanent set, it is workable.

ble-noodle soup.Freeze dehydrated casserole dishes

which can be eaten as is, withdrinking water-used as componentsof the "Long Range Patrol FoodPacket"-include chicken with rice,chili con carne, pork and scalloped po­tatoes, ground beef with rice, beefhash, spaghetti with meat sauce, beefstew and chicken stew.

Many items similar to the AlBration components are now utilizedfor civilian insti/tutional feeding. A

PROCESS INVENTOR Joseph Homlto(right) discusses sphere assemblymethod with Joseph Matt, chief, Pica·tinny Ammunition Development Div.

by use in AlB rations.Freeze-dried products currently

used in the Armed Forces AlB r&tioninclude diced beef, beef patties,chicken, fish squares, pork chops,tuna, cottage cheese, eherries, corn,fruit mix, peas and spinach.

Other dehydrated food served toU.S. Forces include American cheese,egg mix, applesauce, green beans, cab­.Jage, grapefruit juice, orange juice,sweet potatoes, white potatoes, tomatopaste, onion soup and toma.to-vegeta-

Simplified, ingenious designing hassolved a problem of high.-speed press­operation fabrication of small spheresfor production of miniature bombsand detonation devices at the U.S.Army's Picatinny Arsenal.

Joseph Homko, a mechanical engi­neering technician in the AmmunitionEngineering Directorate at the Dover,N.J., installation, is credited with thedesign conc~pt and developm~ntof ex­perimental tooling.

Positive, permanent interlocking ofthe halves of the spheres is accom­plished with a single press stroke. Ef­ficiency and effectiveness of themethod have been proved in pilot pro­duction, using experimental tools de­veloped by Homko.

The next phase calls for productionof a high·speed transfer press to formthe spheres progressively, from stripstock with automatic feeding throughdie stations. The method also can beused to form the same kind of joint tomate parts of a closed cylinder.

The estimated production rate isabout 15,000 spberes in an 8-hour

Freeze-dried, rapidly rehydratablefoods today contribute substantially tosolving the problem of providing pal­atable, nourishing meals to soldiers ina variety of environments--and areproducts of rapidly inereaaing impor­tance in the civilian market.

Statistics compiled in a recentsurvey showed about nine millionpounds dry weight of freeze-driedfoods, exclusive of the still relativelynew freeze-dried coffee, were producedin the U.S. during 1968. This is tbeequivalent of at least 35 millionpounds wet weight, and more than 53percent of the products were directedto civilian consumers.

Freeze-dried foods constitute one ofthe nation's most rapidly expandingnew industries, and the U.S. Armycan properly claim a major share ofpion~ring developmental effort--asoriginated at the Natick (Mass.) Lab­oratories in tbe 1950s.

The role of NLABS in developingnew processes of preparing, pre­serving and packaging food for themilitary man was recognized recentlyby tbe assignment of Dr. Edward E.Anderson as special assistant toNLABS Scientific Director Dr. DaleH. Sieling, to a'ccelerate and expand,the Department of Defense Food Re­search and Development Program.

More tban 400 participants in arecent 3-<lay conference at theNLABS on "Feeding tbe MilitaryMan" included many of the nation'sleading authorities on techniques offood preparation, preservation andpackaging.

With the objective of simplifyingmilitary food logistics and improvingthe quality of food served to the sol­dier in the field, NLABS researchersbegan investigating new food proc­essing techniques in the late 1950s, in­cluding the concept of freeze drying toreduce greatly the bulk and weight offield rations.

In 1959 a survey of the food indus­try's production capabilities indicatedthere was no freeze drying, and thatother dehydration techniques were in­adequate. The survey also showedthat, at that time, the civilian marketcould not be expected to give impetusto development and build-up of therequired capacity.

Based upon these findings, tbeArmy initiated a policy of continuallyorienting industry rel8ltive to its ex·perimental food processes and prod­ucts. Technical requirements were de­veloped for commercial-scale produc­tion. Then eame gradual introduetion,initially on a test basis, of experi­mental foods in dining halls, followed

10 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

Fluidics System Checks Frankford Arsenal Ammunition

Gerace Heads Materiel Command

uted to important advances in pro­viding high quality food for membersof tbe U.S. Armed Forces, operatingin all types of environmentsl extremes.

Army Chief of Research and Devel.opment Lt Gen Austin W. Betts, how.ever, in one of the major addressesgiven at the conference on "Feedingthe Military Man," pointed to theproblems ahead for the Department ofDefense Food R&D Program, closingwith:

"... It will be a tough struggle IWhile what will emerge may not be'revolutionary' in today's blase world,there are certainly opportunitiesavailable to us for major improve­ments; simply compare what we havewith what we want. The question atissue is whether or not what we wantis feasible, not only technologicallybut practically. Searching for theanswers will define the program forfuture food developments."

indicators give visual read-outs whenrejection occurs. The operator thus isprovided with rejection rate data;also the system automatically shutsdown if six consecutive rejects occur,indicating a breakdown.

The visual-read of the inspectionand ejection system permits an oper­ator to moniter more machines, andthe system is designed to minimize op­erator training requirements.

Developed by Charles Picozzi, adesign engineer in the arsenal's In­dustrial Services Directorate, theFluidic Control1ed Automatic Inspec­tion System-which has no movingparts other than control valves ac­tuated by low·pressure air linked tologic and memory systems-has beenin operation for six months. Effective­ness has been proved during thisperiod.

Veteran of Vietnam AssignedAs MICOM Inspector General

Lt Col Robel't E. Porter, recipientof the Air Medal and Bronze Starwith Oak Leaf Cluster for service inVietnam, has been named inspectorgeneral at HQ U.S. Army MissileCommand, Redstone (Ala.) Arsenal.

Col Porter also has served as seniorartillery adviser to the Royal Thai­land Army and in assignments withthe U.S. Army in Germany.

A native of Chicago, Ill., he at­tended Wilson Junior College in Chi­cago and was graduated from Flol;daA&M University with a degree in so­ciology. He has taken graduatecourses at North Carolina A&T StsteUniversity.

R&P Directorate

Maj Gen Felix J. Gerace

Small-caliber ammunition producedat Frankford Arsenal is checked fordefects by a new Fluidic-ControlledAutomatic Inspection System.

Designed to meet the arsenal'sQuality Assurance Program inspec­tion requirements, the system is incor­porated in the primer-inserting ma­chine to to detect missing vent holesor primers, inverted primers andmissing, inverted or cocked anvils.

Defective cases are automaticallyejected from the production line and

Apollo 11 and Apoll 12. Unlike thetube-encased food items provided forthe earlier space flights, all of the newitems can be eaten ,vith a spoon.

The two categories of new meatitems include "thermo-stabilized wet"entrees and "freeze-dried" dehydratedentrees. The "wet" entrees are turkeywith gravy, beef with gravy, beef andpotatoes, ham and potatoes, andfrankfurters. The dehydrated entreesare chicken and rice, chicken stew,beef stew, and pork with scalloped po­tatoes.

The ready-to-eat "wet" meat items,heat-sterilized in laminated foilpouches, have a normal appearance,flavor and texture. A special packagepermits rehydration through a valve,after which the food may be squeezedfrom the package and eaten normallywith a spoon.

Over the past decade, efforts ofNLABS investigators have contrib-

tary Academy, he earned an MBAdegree at Stanford University in1948. He is a graduate of the Com·mand and General Staff College, theInfantry School, Armed Forces StaffCollege, and the Industrial Col1ege ofthe Armed Forces.

variety of products such as soups,vegetahles, entrees and salads are ap­pearing on grocery shelves.

WhJle not a product developed hythe Army or yet used by the ArmedForces, freeze-dried coffee reflects theimpetus which the Army MaterielCommand Natick Laboratories' ad­vancement of this technique has givento industrial developers.

In early 1969, the freeze-dried coffeemarket represented six percent of thiscountry's total coffee consumption.

Among other new products toappear on the commercial market arecasserole dishes, similar to the "LongRange Patrol Food Packet," in recon­stitution packages.

The effort of NLABS on dehydratedfoods currently represents an averageof 10 in-house professional man-yearsper year. Research, development, testsand engineering costs of developingthe process and product information,including experimental ration pro­curement and field testing, for trans­lation to commercial production areestimated at approximately $5­million.

WOl·k is continuing towards betterdefinition of the factors responsiblefor reproducible good quality underthe wide variety of conditions that arefound in competitive mass production.Reducing cost without degradingquality and estahlishing means ot re­ducing volume as well as weight aregoa,ls.

AMC's Natick Laboratories also de­veloped nine new meat items for theastronauts to eat during the flights of

Maj Gen Felix J. Gerace heads theArmy Materiel Command's new Direc­torate of Requirements and Procure­ment, consolidating the former Pro­curement and the Production and Ma­teriel Requirements Directorates.

Until reassigned, General Geracehad commanded the U.S. Army Natick(Mass.) Laboratories since May 1968.He is now responsible for over-allpolicy direction of AMC procurementactivities at more than 150 instal1a­tions in the United States. He alsodirects worldwide AMC logistics ma­teriel management activities, in.cluding requirements determination,budgeting and programing.

General Gerace has served as com·mandant of the Army Logistics Man­agement Center, Fort Lee, Va.; as­sistant chief of staff, G--4, HQ EighthU.S. Army, Korea; executive officer tothe Assistant Secretary of the Army(I&L); and chief, Logistics Division,HQ Military Assistsnce AdvisoryGroup, Laos.

A 1941 graduate of the U.S. Mili-

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 11

ARO-O Publishes Basic Research Accomplishments for FY 1969

TANDEl\f-ROTOR HELICOPTER with quadricycle gear is one of several de.signs being studied by the Advanced Materiel Concepts Agency (MICA), U.S.Army Materiel Command. for very heavy-lift concepts that may be capable oflifting payloads in the 50-60-ton area in the 1990s. In the artist's concept of aBoeing heavy-lift concept above, the quadricycIe very heavy-lift helicopter isshown acquiring a 155mm selt-propelled howitzer. A major feature of thisconfiguration is a loadmaster's station located in a forward landing gear fairing.From this station, the loadmaster could control the helicopter's approach andhover during cargo hook-up and delivery. (For further information on AMCAmissions and objectives in advancing Army aircraft heavy·lift capabilities, seeArmy R&D Newsmagazine, November 1968 and June-July 1969 issues, p. 1.)

"Scientific Accomplishments inBasic Research Supported by the u.s.Army Research Office-Durham DuringFY 1969" was distributed recently todisseminate new knowledge and focusattention on potential applications.

Projects in the annual report repre­sent a selection of accomplishments intbe ARO-D program supported bycontracts and grants. An effort hasbeen made to explain the accomplish­ments in simple terms comprehensibleto nonspecialized readers.

In a foreword, ARO-D Chief Scien­tist John W. Dawson states: "It isobvious that the results are relevantto the interests of the U.S. Army, butone cannot be sure in advance inwhich way the scientific informationwill be used in applied research, andhow it may aid technological progress.

"It is difficult in the more funda­mental disciplines of mathematics,physics and chemistry to relate indi­vidual research projects to militaryrequirements. Technological innova­tions are usually not based on a singlediscovery, but rather on the collectivecontribution and integration of alarge number of individual researchefforts followed by careful study andrecognition of implications for use.The potential contribution of a basicresearch program should be evaluatedfrom this point of view."

Results of 26 studies are condensedand indexed under six ARO-D opera­tional divisions: chemistry, engi­neering sciences, environmental sci­ences, mathematics, metallurgy andceramics, and physics.

In the chemistry field, Prof. GeorgeA. Olah, Case-Western Reserve Uni­versity, has succeeded in generatingthe nitronium ion in a medium inwhich it is both relatively stable andunaccompanied by the formation ofwater in the production of trinitrotol­uene (TNT).

Application of the O1ah procedurein generating the nitronium ion, withinexpensive sodium or potassium ni­trates as the source, could lead to aconsiderable improvement over pres­ent practices in TNT production.

In a plastics materials study, Profs.John A. Sauer and K. D. Pae, RutgersUniversi ty, achieved new yieldstrength and elastic modulus valueswhile investigating the behavior ofLexan polycarbonate plastic under su­perimposed hydrostatic pressures.

Further findings in this field, thereport states, should lead to improvedplastic materials or more precise spec­ifications for their most efficient use inmilitary materiel such as rocketlauncher handles, corrosion-proof

plastic ball bearings, and protectivemask lenses.

Prof. John L. Margrave, Rice Uni­versity, reports on his investigationson "Graphite Fluoride as a Solid Lu­bricant." Daniel W. Brown and Leo A.Wall, National Bureau of Standards,report on "Glass Transition Tempera­tures of Fluorin~Containing Poly­mers."

The research by Brown and Wallindicates the possibility of synthe­sizing a polymer containing the neces­sary fluorine atoms to obtain enhancedresistance to degradation from expo­sure to high temperatures. Such a pol­ymer may prove responsive to Armyrequirements for special-purpcse gas­kets and electrical insula.tion.

In the engineering sciences field, re­sults of seven scientific accomplish­ments are descrihed. "Dynamic andStatic Tests of Thin-Walled Cylin­drical Specimen Mild Steel and OtherMaterials in Biaxial Strees," by U. S.Lindholm, Southwest Research Insti­tute, reports on new techniques tomeasure the required dynamic proper­ties of materials with adequate accu­racy for engineering applications.

However, the summary states, em­pirical testing alone is not sufficientand it is essential to develop an under­standing and, if possible, a quantita­tive theory of inelastic behavior basedupon the microscopic mechanisms gov­erning deformation.

"Verification Tests and Methods ofTheoretical Wind Tunnel Wall Cor­rections for High-Lift AircraftModels," by W. H. Rae, University ofWashington, reports on efforts todefine the limits of flow-breakdown inwind tunnels used in testing V ISTOLmodel aircraft.

N. D. Ham of the Massachusetts In­stitute of Technology reports on "Hel­icopter Blade Airload Distributions atHigh Advance Ratios." Results haveimproved understanding of the phe­nomenon of blade dynamic stall andits dependence on blade heaving andpitching motion.

In a project conducted at the Uni­versity of Michigan, F. G. Hammittreports on "An Investigation andAnalysis of Asymmetrical Collapse ofCavitation Bubbles in Various Hydro­dynamic Situations."

Results of the study may have po-

12 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

Army R&D Pays Off in Apollo 12 Nuclear Power

tential for the Army nuclear powerprograms as well as in applicationsinvolving pumps where cavitation mayoccur, internal combustion engineswhere cavitation in the coolant pumpand passages has been a problem, andsmall boat propellers.

"Investigation and Analysis of Par­ticle Drag Coefficients in Flow Re­gimes Experienced in a RocketNozzle" reports on research by C. T.Crowe, United Technology Center. R.M. White, University of California atBerkeley, describes findings of exper­iements in "Surface Elastic Waves inAcoustic Crystal Systems." D. O. Ped­erson and G. A. Rigby of the sameuniversity report on "Stable Mono­lithic Integrated Circuits."

In the environmental sciences, agroup of Bix scientists, under the lead­ership of R. Pikul of the United Air­craft Corporate Systems Center, dem­onstrated feasibility of measuring theimpact of meteorological factors uponartillery operations under combat con­ditions by means of computerizedcombat situations.

Mathematics division projects in­cluded investigationB on perturbationtechniques in differential equations byNew York University Prof. Joseph B.Keller and some of his colleagues andstudents.

Prof. E. J. McShane, University ofVirginia, developed a new theory ofintegration for stochastic precesses.Principal Functio7UJ, a book that col­lects, correlates and unifies the theoryof principal functions, was publishedfor Prof. Leo Sario, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles. Prof. Sarioacknowledges the Army's help and hasdedicated the book to ARO-D.

In metallurgy and ceramics ·re­search, J. E. Hilliard, NorthwesternUniversity, reports on uDevelopmentof New Alloys witb Improved Me­chanical Pl·opertieB." Results are ex­pected to lead to marked progress indevelopment of high-strength alloyswith utility in ordnance.

Dr. G. E. Hallox, Research Institutefor Advanced Studies, investigatedthe mecbanical behavior of binary­alloy carbides as materialB that mayhave considerable utility in high-tern.perature structures. Steps have beentaken to obtain patent rights on tita­nium carbide-vanadium carbide alloysfor high-temperature structural appli­cations.

Prof. R. M. Spriggs, Lehigh Uni­versity, is studying tbe use of thermo­mechanical treatments to strengthenceramic materials to levels signifi­cantly above those attainable by con­ventional pressing and sintering. Hismethod, termed "press-forging," en­tails coupHng of pressure sinteringwith both compressive deformation and

combinations of a decomposition reac­tion, a phase transformation, andlorthe presence of a liquid pbase at somestage in the process.

An important side effect of the newprocessing tecbniques has been the at.­tainment of transparency in a numberof oxides, e.g., yttria, in addition toincrease in strength. This achievementof transparency in ceramic oxides isconsidered to be a major advance inthe quest for transparent armor ofbigh balHstic resistance.

Several ARO-D-supported cbief in­vestigators have been using modula­tion and phase-sensitive detectiontechniques to achieve important ad­vances in physics research. Amongthese are Prof. D. E. Mapother, Uni­versity of Illinois; Leo Esaki, IBM;and Prof. Manuel Cardona, BrownUniversity.

Their accomplishments representseveral new approaches to the Btudyof band structure, surface plasma ef­ects, and phase transition phenomenain solids wlrich determine the electri­csl, optical and, in some, cases, atOllS·tical properties. Surface plasma ef­fects, for example, are already findingapplication in optical modulators.

Theoretical and experimental workby Profs. D. J. Scalapino, D. N. Lan­genberg and coworkers at the Univer-

Fifteen years of U.S. Army devel­opmental effort climaxed in an instanton the lunar surface Nov. 19 whenCmdr Alan L. Bean, Apollo 12 lunarmcdule pilot, slipped a tube of ra­dioactive fuel into the SNAP 27 elec­tric power generator.

SNAP stands for Systems for Nu­clear AuxiHary Power and the systemhopefully will generate electricity onthe moon for years to come. It workson the pl'inciple that heat generatedby the radioactive source will createelectricity.

Feasibility of encapsulating ra­dioactive materials to provide heat forthe generation of electric power wasfirst proved at the Power Sources Di­vision of the Electronic ComponentsLaboratory in what 1S now the ArmyElectronics Command at Fort Mon­mouth, N.J_

The first U.S. Army nuclear-pow­ered thermoelectric power source wasa tiny metal cylinder, about half thesize of a soup can. The radioactivecapsule used Polonium 210 radioactivematerial and normal metallic thermo­couples--much like those in a homethermostat--to generate power.SNAP 27 uses Plutonium and a solid­state lead telluride compound.

Tbe Fort Monmouth granddaddy ofsuch power turned out only 150 milli-

sity of Pennsylvania indicates thatconsiderable improvement can beachieved in systems consiBting ofweakly coupled superconductors.

Their research in "JosephsonTunnel Junctions" may stimulate re­newed interest in these sources ofsmall but useful amounts of radiationin the millimeter and Bubmillimeterrange.

Dr. P. P. Sorokin and GeraldBurns, of International Business Ma­chines, have been doing research onnew electro-optic materials. Detailedstudies have been completed on anumber of new ferroelectrics thathave good potentiality in concepts forcontrolling and modulating laser lightbeams.

The new materials are niobates andmolybdates. One compound, sodiumbarium niobate, known as "bananas,"has received considerable publicity asa key to a practical tunable laser.

The IBM work on niobates and mol­ybdates has included chemical studieson the phase diagrams, crystalgrowth, measurement of the electro­optic parameters, and the analysis ofthese parameters in terms of crystalstructure and lattice vibrationalspectra.

Potential applications of results of(Continued 0 .. page 1~)

watts-150 thousandths of a watt­while SNAP 27 generates 63 watts.Both work on the principle developedat Fort Monmouth to generate elec­tricity with no moving parts-encap­sulate<! radioactive materials for beatand thus electricity, first successful in1954.

The contractor working with theFort Monmouth laboratories on devel­opmental effort was a division of Mon­santo Co.

MOON POWER "GRANDDADDY." de.veloped 15 years ago in ECOM labs,proved that encapsulated radioactivematerial could be used aB a heat sourcefor thermoelectric power generation.A tube of radioactive fuel was usedin SNAP·27 by Apollo 12 astronauts.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 13

BUNKER HALL Academic Building. USALMC, Fort Lee, Va.

AMe to Dedicate Building in Honor of General Bunker

Research Accomplishmentsexteoding to non-stoichiometric dopedsemiconductors, including amorphoussemiconductors.

The latter have received a greatdeal of attention l'ecently because oftheir potentiality for comparativelyeasily fabricated, radiation damage­insensitive electronic switches andmemory units.

Prof. David Douglass, University ofChicago, reporting research on therare earth metal gadolinium, says im­purities, rather than the main mate­rial, determine the hehavior of thethermodynamic and transport coeffi­cients at temperatures close to mag­netic transition temperatures.

This research on the influence ofimpurities on magnetic critical pointphenomena is considered importantbecause of the effort by many investi­gators to understand the pheonomena

common to all critical transitions, in­cluding ferroelectric, ferromagneticand superconducting transitions.These transitions are the hasis of elec­tronic sensing and control devices.

Oral Pathology Course OfferedMar. 2·6 in Washington, D.C.

The 17th annual Armed Fol'u, In.tltute ofP.t.hoIOIY (AFrp) c::ourlle in oral patholo&y,J(:h~uled Mar. 2·6 In Washlnlrton. D.C., 11open to both civilian and mLUtary dmtlstl andph".ldalll.

Lt Col Rnhert. chief of the Dental and OralPatholo..,. Di'tblOD of AFIP, h •• url'ed prQl.opedin .tude-ntl to Abmlt appUeationJ eulT,add,ruaed to the Dir~tor. Armed tooree. In­sUtute of Patholog", ATTN: MEDEM-PAD.W••hinelon. D.C. 20315.

The coune thil year it detigned for oral,urceon., or,1 patholoRbu, dlaIooltiea.n...ndperiodontl.b. lneiud'nlf thOle enc_red indt!nl&1 ruearch and tancer invetithr.Uon.

Expert. in these fh.lde wut report on rN:lI!:ntdevelopments pertinent to disturbance. of thehead. neck and onl rellon, In.flammatory dh­eun o( the orat mue088 and Jaw•. oral maul..fntation of eertain .)".te.m ~." and neo­plumB of the or.t canty a.nd related. strac­tar...

Ledures ",Ul be conelated with cue praen­taUonl and microscopic sUde seminars atennlnl' seniOM.

Army Logistics Management Centerfaculty, in recognition of his long andenthusiastic support of the institution.He served as commandant of the U.S.Army Transportation School at FortEustis in 1954-55, and was creditedwith doing much to shape the center'scurriculum. He also was a frequentspeaker at graduation ceremonies.

In the advancement of modern tech­niques of logistics management, Gen­eral Bunker served as a transporta­tion officer with the U.S. SeventhArmy during the early occupation ofGermany. With the beginning of theBerlin Airlift in 1948, he was placedin charge of terminal operations.

The outbreak of hostilities in 1950led to his assignment to organize asimilar system between Korea andJapan, and he later became chief ofthe Air Transport Division. His inves­tigation of the use of helicopters fortransport contributed to the rapid ex­pansion of tbeir logistic3 role.

Memorializing the many contribu­tions of the late Lt Gen William B.Bunker to logistics management andtraining will be a $3.7 million aca­demic building at the Army MaterielCommand's Logistics ManagementCenter at Fort Lee, Va.

AMC Commander General F. J.Chesarek has announced that thebuilding will be dedicated in eitherMarch or April 1970 in honor of theman who was deputy commandinggeneral of the AMC when he diedJune 6, 1969.

The 4-story structure has beenunder construction since December1967. Containing 126,500 square feetof floor space, it ,vill have 16 class­rooms accommodating 40 studentseach, four rooms for 25 students each,a 30,000-volume library, 500-personcafeteria, 400-seat auditorium, com­puter center with 12 additional class­rooms, and 140 offices.

General Bunker had served sinceAug. 17, 1964. as a member of the

ARO-O Publishes Basic(Ccmtinued fro7TI. page 13)

this research include use of the mate­rials in sensing elements, control ap­paratus, transducers, capacitors aswell as in electro-optical applicationssuch as light modulation, beam deflec­tion, harmonic generation. and para­metric oscillation.

One of the materials studied, gado­linium molybdate, is ferroelectric atroom temperature and is suitable foran electrical write- (using reversiblepolarization) optical read system withmemory.

Julius Perel, Electro-Optical Sys­tems, Inc., presented a key paper onatmospheric charge tl'ansfer at arecent DASA symposium on the upperatmosphere. Participants then con­cluded that charge transfer collisionsare an important energy loss mecha­nism in both the normal and per­turbed atmosphere.

Results of Perel's work, supportedby ARO-D, show that the neutralatom emerging from each collisionhas a high probability of being inter­nally excited; and the subsequent ra­diation ia an important energy lossmechanism.

This information is needed to deter­mine the dwell time of the electriccharge ("blackout") as well as thelevel of electromagnetic radiation fol­lowing an atmospheric nuclear detona­tion.

Dr. Leo Esaki, IBM scientist, well­known for his invention of the tunneldiode, bas proposed a new class ofsemiconducting materials. Under anARO-D contract; he plans to create aone-dimensional periodic structure, or"superlattice," in semiconductors hy aperiodic variation of alloy compositionOr impurity density, introduced duringcrystal growth.

His work on superlattices and nega­tive conductivity in semiconductorssuggests the feasibility of a new classof electronic devices for extremelyhigh-frequency applications.

As a result of his ARO-D-supportedtheoretical studies, Pl'Of. George W.Pratt of the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology has been able to explainthe unusually high charge mobility atlow temperatures observed in leadsalts-part of a general class of semi­conductor materials important forlasers and thermoelectric generation.

This novel model involves impuritystates which lie well up in the conduc­tion hand rather than in the energygap, as in ordinary semiconductors.

Dr. Pratt has predicted that theresult of his work will provide a con­nection between the band structureand the phase diagram of lead tellu­ride, and provide new general ideas

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

Major ROT&E, Procurement Contracts Exceed $645 Million

PREPROTOTYPE of a fully automatic loader is being evaluated at the U.S.Army Weapons Command (WECOM), Rock Island, Ill. When perfected, theloader is expected to give tank crews at least eight rounda of firepower perminute. One new feature of the model is the capability of loading while the guntube is moving up and down. This means that a tank·gun stabilization systemcould be used in conjunction with the loader. The crew could load and fire whiletraveling over rough terrain. Another advantage is that the cycling time isreduced because breech plug is also the rammer head. AAl Corp. built the model

More than half the total value ofmateriel procurement and research,development, test and evaluationorders issued by the U.S. Army fromOct. 16 to Nov. 9, (contracts exceeding$1 million each) went to one firm.

The total W8.lI $645,077,364, with$347,841,639 going to the Kaiser JeepCorp. for 2%- and 5-ton trucks.

Four contracts lx>taling $44,654,474went to Western Electric Co. for R&Dand hardware for the Spartan missileand the Perimeter Acquisition Radar(PAR), and engineering services onthe Nike Hercules missile system.

Hercules Engines, Inc., wasawarded $37,472,224 for multifuel en­gines for 2'h-ton trucks. Olin Ma.thieson Chemical Corp. gained$31,363,436 (four contracts) for pro­pellants, illuminating projectiles,bomb-fin assemblies, and for loading,assembli,ng and packing time fuzes.

Bell Helicopter Co. received$20,164,864 (two contracts) for UH·IH helicopters and spare parts.Sperry Rand Corp. gained a$14,860,915 order for loading, assem­bling and packing of ammunition.AVCO Corp. was awarded $12,301,799(four contracts) for modification kitsand overhaul of turbine engines.

An $11,081,522 contract with Gen­eral Dynamics Corp. is for Redeyemissile warheads. Thiokol ChemicalCorp. is receiving $10,713,389 for ar·tillery ammunition. Lockheed AircraftCorp. will get $10,144,436 (two con­tracts) for YQ-3A aircraft and workon the experimental system for theHudson Moon event (classified).

Contracts under $10 milli<m. RadioCorp. of America, $8,907,825 (threecontracts) for engineering servicesand hardware for the Land CombatSupport System and for <test programfor the TOW missile system.

Norris Industries, Inc., $5,626,909(two contracts) for 106mm cartridgecaaes and 60mm rocket launchers;ITT Corp., $6,308,538 (two contracts)for module sets and engineeringchangt!S to radio sets; and

Muncie Gear Works, $5,191,902 for2.75-inch rocket motors; HIPCO,Denver, Colo., $6,077,600 for 2.76-inchrocket motors; Marquardt Co., Ogden,Utah, $4,861,000 for 2.76-inch rocketmotors; Day and Zimmerman, Inc.,$4,792,262 for loading, assembling andpacking ammunition; Ordn1Ulcc Prod­ucts, Inc., $4,481,685 for M18 coloredsmoke hand grenades; Ralph M. Par­sons Co., Los Angeles, Calif., $3,673,­818 for engineering services on theMissile Site Radar site; MaremontCorp., $3,391,640 for 7.62mm machine­guns; and

Jackson Products Co., Tampa, Fla.,$3,372,000 for metal parts for rocketmotors; Texas Instruments, Inc.,$3,171,100 for electronics work; Gen­eral Motors Corp., $2,908,800 for en­gines for OH-68A helicopters; FordMotor Co., $2,784,033 for %-tontrucks; and

Dow Chemical Co., $2,678,000 fornose assemblies for bombs; ACF In­dustries, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.,$2,640,460 for assemblies for mortarfuzes; National Presto Industries,$2,373,290 for parts for 105mm pro­jectiles; Litton Systems Corp.,$2,000,000 for test equipment for iner­tial navigation systems.

Contracts under $~ million. Fire­stone Tire and Rubber Co., $1,954,742for track shoe assemblies for recoveryvehicles; Chrysler Motors Corp.,$1,845,638 for I-ton cargo trucks;Northrop Corp., $1,830,000 for ammu­nition warheads; Rahm and Haas Co.,$1,700,000 for propellant research;

Maxson Electronics Corp., Macon,Ga., $1,617,000 for 60mm illuminatingprojectile assemblies; Sylvania Elec­tric Products, Inc., $1,635,200 forR&D work in electronic warfare;Brunswick Corp., $1,514,501 for 66mmrockets; North Electric Co., Galion,Ohio, $1,481,971 for switchboards;

Raytheon Co., $1,470,000 to rebuildaccelerators for the Hawk missilesystem; Honeywell, Inc., $1,460,494for fuzes; National Presto Industries,$1,430,676 for projectile parts;Ammann and Whitney, New York,N.Y., $1,412,113 for engineering serv­ices for the Pel'imeter AcquisitionRadar Site; and

M.C. Ricciardi Co., Alpha, N.J.,$1,360,820 for containers for 2.76-inchrocket assemblies; E. I. Dupont deNemours Co., $1,323,600 for supportof TNT production; Ordnance Prod­ucts, Inc., North East, Md., $1,­304,948 for hand grenade fuzes;

Pace Corp., $1,276,411 for para-• chute signals; Action Manufacturing

Co., Philadelphia, Pa., $1,242,800 formetal parts for rocket fuzes; SandersAssociates, Bedford, Mass., $1,175,183for prototype radar systems; Com­puter Sciences Corp., Huntsville, Ala.,$1,169,979 for programing andmaintenance of the Safeguard Man­agement Information System; and

S. Tepfer and Sons, Inc., DeerPark, N.Y., $1,118,568 for parts forammunition warheads; Amron Corp.,$1,094,800 for 20mm cartridge cases;and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.,$1,058,681 for track shoe assembliesfor self-propelled howitzers.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 15

tific Laboratories.Graduated from the USMA in 1966,

he earned an MS degree in nuclearengineering from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in 1968.

Capt Sonstelie recently completed atour of duty with the 26th InfantryDivision in Vietnam, subsequent toservice with the 82d Airborne Divi­sion, Fort Bragg, N. C.

PLANS & PROGRAMS. Lt ColJohn P. Haumersen, staff officer withthe Programs Branch, Programs &Budget Division, OCRD, recentlyserved as CO, 4th Squadron, 7thCavalry, 2d Infantry Division inKorea.

A 1961 graduate of the USMA, hehas an MSE degree from the Univer­sity of Michigan (1959) and com­pleted the C&GSC in 1966.

Major assignments include servicewith the Armor and Engineer Board,Fort Knox, Ky., and the 14th Ar­mored Cavalry Regiment in Germany.

Ma; WiUio.m L. Webster servedwith the U.S. Army Advisory Group,Korea (KMAG). prior to assignmentas a staff officer with the Long RangePlans Branch, Plans Division, OCRD.

He completed the C&GSC (1968),subsequent to a tour of duty with the101st Airborne Division, Fort Camp.bell, Ky. From April 1966 to June1966, he was company commander, 3dBrigade, Fort Polk, La.

Maj Wehster earned an AB degreein psychology from the University of

Col Edward B. Kitcltens Jr.

Kitchens to Command CDC Combat Arms GroupCol (Brig Gen nominee) Edward B. Kitchens Jr. will assume command

of the U.S. Army Comhat Developments Command (CDC) Combat ArmsGroup at Fort Leavenworth, Kans., Dec. 20.

The assignment follows service as materiel director, HQ CDC, Fort Bel­voir, Va., and a tour of duty with the 1st Infantry Division in Vietnam.From 1963 to 1966, he served with the Plans and Air Mobility Divisions,Office of the Chief of Research and Development.

Commissioned iu 1942, he served in World War U with Darby's Rangersin North Africa, Sicily and Italy. Later hewas a faculty member of the Infantry School,Fort Benning, Ga., and served with the 82dAirborne Division prior to a tour of dutyin Korea.

Assigned to the Army General Staff in thePentagon for three years, he was transferredin '1967 as secretary of the General Staff,HQ U.S. Army, Pacific, Fort Shafter, Hawaii.

Col Kitchens is a graduate of the AnnyCommand and General Staff College, theArmed Forces Staff College and the NationalWar College.

His decorations include the Silver Star withOak Leaf Cluster (OLe), the Legion of Meritwith OLC, Air Medal with 5 OLC, and theArmy Commandation Medal with OLC. He alsowears the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross withPalm, the Vietnam National Order and theArmed Forc... Medal

Five of 15 staff officers assigned re­cently to the Office of the Chief ofResearch and Development, HQDA(OCRD), are in the Directorate ofArmy Research, three in Plans andPrograms, two in the DevelopmentsDirectorate and five in the Missilesand Space Directorate.

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH OFFICE(USARO). Lt Col Albert L. Roma­neski is assigned to the GeophysicalSciences Branch, Environmental Sci·ences Division. In 1968 he was inVietnam as a combat engineer and re­cently completed his second tour there,serving as deputy engineer, II FieldForce, and later as commander, 168thEngineer Combat Battalion, Lai Khe.

In 1962 he served in the Congo andacted as interpreter between Presi­dent Kennedy and General Mobutoduring the latter's visit to the UnitedStates in the spring of 1963. He alsohas served as an Army attache in theAmerican Embassy in Sweden.

Five years after entering the U.S.Army as an infantryman, he wasgraduated from the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point andcommissioned in the Corps of Engi­neers. He has advanced degrees incivil engineering from California In­stitute of Technology and ColumbiaUniversity, and is a registered engi­neer in his home state of Oregon.

Col Romaneski has lectured inmodem mathematics at AmericanUniversity, Washington, D. C., andserved as an instructor and assistantprofessor of engineering at the U.S.Military Academy. He is a graduateof the Command and General StaffCollege, the Defense IntelligenceSchool, and the Industrial College ofthe Armed Forces (ICAF) cOrre­spondence course.

Lt Col Charles J. Lowman Jr. wasassigned to the Communications-Elec­tronics (C-E) Division Nov. 24, fol­lowing a tour of duty in Vietnam. Heserved in OCRD (1963-1968) as astaff officer with the C-E Division andas C-E standardization representative,U.S. Army Standardization Group­Canada, Ottawa.

Lt Col Lowman graduated from theUSMA in 1963, earned an MS degreein physics from the University of Vir­ginia and studied at the Oak Ridge(Tenn.) Institute of Nuclear Studiesin 1969. He also completed the C&GSC(1966) and tbe ICAF correspondencecourse (1969).

Lt Col Daniel H. BatUr completed atour of duty as CO of the 41st CivilAffairs Company in Vietnam prior toassignment with the Behavioral Sci­ences Division, USARO.

Graduated in 1959 with a BA

15 Staff Officers Report for Duty With Office of Chief of R&Ddegree in history from the Universityof Cincinnati, he has an MS degree indiplomatic history from the Univer­sity of Jllinois (1966), and completedthe C&GSC in 1967.

He has served as assistant pro­fessor of military science at the Uni­versity of Illinois; civil affairs officer,4th Miasile Command, Korea; and8-3, 32d Field Artillery Battalion,Fort sm, Okla.

Ma; Gerald R. Wetzel eamed anMBA degree in operations reeearchfrom George Washington Universityshortly before his assignment to theStudies Branch, Studies and AnalysesDivision, USARO. He received a BSdegree in chemical engineering fromthe University of Notre Dame in 1958.

From March 1967 to May 1968, hewas executive officer at the SierraArmy Depot, Herlong, Calif., subse­quent to a tour as logistics adviser,Military Assi'stant Advisory Group(MAAG), Iran. From July 1964 toJsnuary 1966, he served as missilesystem coordinator at the OrdnanceGuided Missile School, Redstone, Ala.

He has served tours as Nike Her­cules battery commander and as ashop officer with a special weaponsdepot company, both at Okinawa.

OPERATIONS RESEARCH. CaptRichard R. Sonsteli.e has been as­signed to the U.S. Army R&D Opera­tions Research Advisory Group as aresearch assoeiate, with duty stationat the Los Alamos (N. MeL) Scien-

16 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

as chief of the Fire Support MissileaBranch, Air Defense & Missiles Divi­sion, after a tour of duty with the35th Field Artillery Battalion and HQU.S. Army Vietnam.

He has BS and MS degrees in me­chanical engineering from MississippiState University (1952, 1957) andcompleted the Air Command and StaffCollege in 1967.

Recent assignmenta include servicewith HQ U.S. Army Combat Develop­ments Command, Fort Belvoir, Va.,and with the V Corps, Artillery inDarmstadt. Germany.

Lt Col JOBeph. J. Skaff was battalionCO, 1st Battalion, 27th Artillery inVietnam prior to his new assignmentwith tbe Low Altitude SystemsBranch, Air Defense & Missiles Div.

From 1964 to 1967, he served withthe Materiel & Safety Division at theInstitute of Nuclear Studies, FortBliss, Tex., after graduating Irom theguided missile systems course.

Graduated from the USMA in 1955,he earned an MS degree in interna­tional affairs from George Wash­ington University in 1968. He hascompleted the Command and StaffCourse at the Naval War College.

MICOM Awards 2 CantradsFor New Aerial Target System

Two contract. tor protot-YpU of • new,low~ttBalllatic. ",erial 'l"a....et B7.te.. (BATS)were .warded ncmUY by the Army M..lulleCommud. Reaton.. A..rl8l.aJ. A.Ja..

Brown Ens-iDeerl... Co., BlIDt....me, Ala ..an.d the Ae.ronutronic DI ...,lon of Philco·PordCarp., Ne,.,.-port Beat.h, Ca.1if.• rece..i ..ed awarM01 880,201 and 897.351.

BATS hall bun ordered for evaluation tomeet • reqahe.ment for • light, expend.bletarX'd mluUe tor 111M! In ualnln.. Intended toreplace mOTC! uJN:ul",e. .ophlaticaled tar,..troU,U"1 for adn&' OD .man ran8'" In the U.S.and. .'Jerlc.. _hue hhrh performance. tarllrtltmluUn cannot .,. it 1a .lao to b. tdted andUHd on the lar.u raq••.

MERDC Assigns Lt Col Luther as R&D CoordinatorCoordinator for research and development, Engineering Laboratory, u.s.

Army Mobility Equipment R&D Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., is the new assign­ment of Lt Col Jay E. Luther, upon return from South Vietnam.

In 1952, six years after he entered the Army as a private, Col Lutherwas graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and com­missioned in the Corps of Engineers. Five years later he earned an MEdegree in civil engineering from Purdue University.

Graduated from the Engineer Career Courseat Fort Belvoir, he also bas completed theCivil Affairs School course at Fort Gordon, Ga.,and Defense Language Institute. Washington,D.C. He is a registered professional engineerin the District of Columbia.

During his recent assignment in Vietnamhe was with the Office of the Assistant Chiefof Staff for Civil Operations and RevolutionaryDevelopment Support. He served in Korea in1968, Ecuador (1965-67), Greenland (1961­62) and earlier in Germany.

Col Luther has been awarded the BroMeStar Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal,Army Commendation Medal, ExpeditionaryForces Medal, Vietnam Service Medal and

Lt Col Jay E. Luther National Defense Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster.

sile adviser, MAAG, Brussels, andchief of the Data Reduction Branch,Air Defense Board, Fort Bliss, Tex.

Lot Col Felder earned a BS degreein chemistry from The Citadel in 1949and completed the C&GS in 1964.

Lt Col Winston K. Eoo,nB becamechief of the High Altitude Sy~tems

Branch, Air Defense & Missiles Divi­sion, after completing a tour of dutywith the 2d Infantry Division inKorea.

Graduated in 1952 with a BS degreein civil engineering from The Citadel,he received an MS degree in electricalengineering from Georgia Institute ofTechnology in 1967 and completed theC&GSC in 1968.

From January 1964 to June 1965, heserved with the Project TEAM (Test& Evaluation of Air Mobility) at FortBenning, Ga.

Lt Col Cecil R. SykeB served inVietnam until assigned as chief, Nu­clear Branch, Nuclear, Chemical &Biological Division, OCRD.

For four years (1964-68), he wasoperations officer, Joint U. S. MilitaryAdvisory Group (JUSMAG), Thai­land, following a year of languagestudy at the Foreign Service Institutein Washington, D. C.

He has served as project officer, Nu­clear Weapons Effects Test Group,Field Command, Defense Atomic Sup­port Agency (DASA), Albuquerque,N. Mex., and as a research assistantat the Lawrence Radiation Labora­tory, Live~more,Calif.

A 1952 graduate of the USMA, LtCol Sykes bas an MS degree inphysics from the University of Vir­ginia '(1960) and completed theC&GSC (1965).

Lt Col Edgar G. MiloB was assigned

Georgia in 1965.Ma.i Towmend A. Van Fleet is as­

signed to the Programs Branch, Pro­grams & Budget Division, afterserving as an adviser with the 32dArtillery Battalion 'in Vietnam.

From July 1964 to July 1967, hewas a tactical officer and course di­rector at the U.S. Air Force Academy.He also served as an instructor atFort sm, Okla. (1963-64) and as bat.tery commander, A Battery, 9th Artil­lery Battalion, Hawaii (1961-62).

Maj Van Fleet graduated from theUSMA in 1958 and completed theC&GSC in 1968.

DEVELOPMENTS DIREC-TORATE. Lt Col Alvin M. Quint com­pleted a tour of duty as cbief, Sys­tems Analysis Division, AdvancedAerial Fire Support Systems Office(AAFSSO) in the Pentagon, prior tohis second OCRD assignment.

Serving now as the Army memberof the Department of Defense (DoD)Air Munitions Requirements and De­velopment (AMRAD) Committee, hewas first assigned to OCRD with theLong Range Plans Branch, Plans Di­vision, in September 1968, afterserving as CO of the 9th AviationBattalion, 9th Infantry Division, andwith HQ U.S. Army Vietnam.

He served with the U.S. ArmyCombat Developments Command(USACDC) Infantry Agency at FortBenning, Ga. (1963-65) and the 1stCavalry Division in Korea (1962-63).

After earning a bachelor's degree ingeneral education from the Universityof Omaha in 1961, he completed theC&GSC course. He earned an MSdegree in business education from theUniversity of Tennessee in 1967.

Lt Col Clifford J. Fra.lell became astaff officer with the General MaterielBranch, Combat Materiel Division,following duty as deputy G-2, 25thInfantry Division, Vietnam.

A 1955 graduate of the USMA, LtCol Fralen earned an MSE degreefrom Johns Hopkins University in1961 and completed the C&GS in 1968.

He served with the U.S. InfantryBrigade, Advanced IndividualTraining, Fort McClellan, Ala.(1966-67) after two years with the 2dBatta1ion. 18th Artillery, U.S. ArmyEurope (USAREUR).

MISSILES & SPACE. Lt ColPelha.m L. Feldel' III returned re­cently from duty in Korea as bat.talion commander, 7th Battalion, 5thArtillery, and is assigned to the LowAltitude Systems Branch, Air Defense& Missiles Division, OCRD.

From 1964 to 1968, he was branchchief, Air Defense Directorate, Officeof the Assistant Chief of Staff forForce Development (ACSFOR), HQDA. Earlier assignments include mis-

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 17

USASASA Focuses on ROT&E Management of Small Weapons Systems

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE

Intensified cooperative etTort fortwo years to achieve more effectivecentralized management of the U.S.Army Small Arms Program(ARSAP) originating from a 1966General Staff review, was marked inNovember.

The U.S. Army Small Arms Agency(USASASA) observed its first year ofactivity and is charged with over-allauthority for accomplishing this ob­jecmve, in accordance with a U.S.Army Materiel Command Letter ofInstruction dated Nov. 25,1968.

Collocated with the U.S. Army Testand Evaluation Command HQ and theU.S. Army Aberdeen R&D Center, atAberdeen (Md.) Proving Ground,USASASA was established in late1968 but was not declared fully opera­tiOil1al until June 30, 1969.

Progress reports indicate thatunder the leadership of Col Walter E.Rafen, who has headed the agencysince it was in the pllUlning and or­ganizational phase, USASASA ismaking encouraging advances in inte­grating efforts of the Army MaterielCommand with the Continental ArmyCommand, Combat DevelopmentsCommand, lUId Army General Staff.

USASASA is empowered with fullline authority for centralized manage­ment of the Army Small Arms Pro­gram, except for certain weapon sys­tems still under project managers. Itfunctions as a project management­like operation, with Col Rafert re­porting directly to General F. J. Ches­arek, CG of the Materiel Command.

The Director of Development andEngineering, HQ AMC, exercises theprincipal staff supervision and coordi­nation for USASASA. Materiel Com­mand staff elements provide supportin functional areas of responsibility.

Various AMC commodity commandsand other agencies support the USA­SASA in assigned areas of expertise.This includes configuration manage­ment, human engineering, val ue engi­neering, test and evaluation, advanceproduction engineering, quality assur­ance lUId reliability, engineering insupport of procurement, data bankservices, and industrial liaison.

Integrated systems managementand direct master planning are func­tions of USASASA as an Army Mate­rial Command focal point for Depart­ment of Defense, Department of theArmy and industrial organizationsconcerned with the Army Small ArmsProgram.

Agency responsibilities includethreat analysis/investigation, systemsanalysis, future weapons concepts,cost-effectiveness studies, budgeting

18

and programing, financial manage­ment, technical supervision as as­signed, and over-all coordination ofproduction and procurement efforts.

USASASA's centralized manage­ment applies to weapons, ammunitionand fire control for new small armssystems such as individual hand-heldand crew-served weapons lUId accesso­ries, up to and including .6O--caJiber.

Specifically excluded from USA­SASA control is tbe MI6/MI6Al rifleas well as coproduction of M14/M60weapons and 7.62mm ammunitionunder lUI agreement with the Republicof China.

USASASA's mission includes shot­guns and infantry grenade launchel's(but excludes the Grenade LauncherAttachment Program known as GLADfor the MI6/MI6Al).

The agency also is responsible forsights and fire control equipment forits specific projects, but excludingelectronic night sights and those forthe GLAD program.

Responsibility for cel'tain ammuni­tion items is assigned to the ProjectManager for Selected Ammunition atPicatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J. Like­,vise, the Project Manager for Riflesretains authority over 6.66mm ammo.

Among USASASA's hi~h-priority

areas of effol't is the Future Rifle Pro­gram, involving consideration of atleast foul' current contender concepts.The goal is a system that, comparedto present systems, offers major ad­vances in reliability, durability, high­hit probability and lethality. The de­velopment time frame to supplant theM14 and M16 series is the 1980s, sub­ject to change as may prove desirable.

Considerable R&D effort has beendevoted to a prospective system usinga serially fired flechette that providesa controlled-burst dispersion at thetarget. Obstacles still to be sur­mounted include reliability and ammu­nition costs of -this multiple-launchconcept.

Engineering design tests have dem­onstrated the effectiveness of the se­rially fired ftechettes, but further fieldtesting is needed to determine superi­ority over a conventional weaponsystem.

Another contender concept is a se­rially fired bullet system, using con­ventional small-caliber bullets withcontrolled bursts to achieve optimumdispersion at the target. Considerationis being given to either a conventionalgas system or an innovative piston­primer approach.

A simultaneously fired ftechettesystem also is being investigated as a

third concept, using either a puller orpusher sabot to launch the flechettes.The advantage is that multiple flech­ettes could be fired by a single triggerpull in the semiautomatic mode. Thiswould eliminate the need for a burst­control and a high-cycle-rate mecha­nism.

Experiments have demonstrated asufficiently high muzzle velocity andthe required dispersion for effective­ness of this type of system, but manyproblem areas remain.

Caseless ammunition is a fourthcontender in the Future Rifle Pro­gram, although a number of problemshave been encountered in investiga­tions to date. Incl uded are obturatorperformance, firing-pin erosion,chamber fouling, reliability, breakageof ammunition, packing and storagemethods lUId, in particular, vulnera.bility of the unprotected propellantato heat and flame.

Adaptability of the flechette systemto machineguns is being investigated,including parametric studies ofweapons mounts to predict the disper­sion probabilities. Sabots have beenmodified for machineguns, and testa of6.66mm weapons are planned. Im­provement of the M73 tank machine­gun is another area of prime etTort.

Both high-velocity and low-velocityautomatic grenade launchers areunder consideration as future weaponsystems, and the latter type is beingevaluated in Southeast Asia.

Col Rafert said the Army needs"additional and high-quality effort inwound ballistics and work on flech­ettes and other lethal mechanisms."

Linking the over-all studies, plan­ning, test and development effort willbe a small arms data bank. Planningfor this facility has the goal of a cen­tral capability for rapid storage andretrieval of essential information.

U.S. Army Small Arms SystemsAgency activities are expanding asunderstanding of the magnitude of in­tegrating the Small Arms Program isadvanced by improved working rela­tionships with AMC commodity com·mands and other agencies involved.Imaginative concepts are being for­mulated in line with tbe mission ofdeveloping superior small arms forthe U.S. Army of the future.

Biographical sketches of USASASAkey personnel follow:

COL W. E. RAFERT became di­rector and commander of USASASAafter serving from February 1967 toOctober 1968 as assistant director, De­velopments, Office of tbe Chief ofR&D, HQ DA. He was chief, OCRD

DECEMBER 1969

If

.

Combat Arms Branch, June 1966 toFebruary 1967.

Graduated from the Army War Col­lege in 1966, following duty in theLong-Range Technical Plans Branch,R&D Directorate, Army MaterielCommand, he has served as an in­structor at the Army Ordnance Schooland the U.S. Military Academy.

While at the USMA, he coauthoreda text, Elemenu of Armament Engi­neering. He has written articles forprofessional journals, including"Planning Principles and Philosophy,"AlEE Journal (December 1968) and"Focus on Management:' OrdnanceMa.ga.ziM (March-April 1969).

Col W. E. Ralert

A career Ordnance Corps officer, hehas served in various technical assign­ments in Europe and the PacificTheater, including duty as U.S. ArmyOrdnance technical representative tothe United Kingdom. He also hasserved at the Ballistic Resarch Labo­ratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground,and in HQ DA staff officer duties.

Col Rafert graduated from PurdueUniversity in 1943 with a BS degreein mechanical engineering and earnedhis master's degree at Stanford Uni­versity in 1960.

LEONARD R. AMBROSINI waschief systems engineer, AMC, until hewas designated acting technical di­rector of USASASA.

Born in Leghorn, Italy, he studiedat the Italian Scientific Lyceum, theGeneva Calvin College, and obtainedan MS degree Bit the Zurich FederalPolytechnicum in aerodynamics andthermodynamics in 1948. He continuedstudies at the University of California(L.A.) as a PhD candidate.

Ambrosini began his ordnancecareer with Hispano-Suiza, Switzer­land, where he was chief engineer,after inventing, developing and mar­keting automatic weapons, antiair­craft lire directors and related equip­ment.

In 1967 he joined Lear Inc. (subse­quently Lear-Siegler, Inc.) at GrandRapids, Mich. He moved to Californiaas assistant to the corporate chief

Leonard R. Ambrosini

physicist, held progressively respon­sible positions, and was vice-presidentfor company.wide ordnance develop­ment when he joined AMC. He haspatents on about 60 inventions.

DR. DAVID J. KATSANIS, staffphysicist, earned BS, MS and PhD de­grees (1962-54-62) in physics fromTemple University. Fifteen of his 17years as an Army scientist were withFrankford Arsenal, where he pro­gressed to chief of the Special Pro­jects Laboratory.

Dr. Katsanis is credited with a pio­neering role in the automation of am­munition proof testing, the develop­ment of improved velocity pressure,and accuracy measuring instrumenta­tion; also, the introduction of improvedstatistical design of experiment tech­niques for small·caliber engineeringstudies.

While with the Special ProductLaboratory, he directed ammunitionproduct improvement engineeringstudies, including low-density mate­rials for cartridge cases and completesystems analysis for small-caliberweapon systems.

Dr. David J. Katsanis

Listed in A"'erica.n Men of Science,Dr. Katsanis has written more than20 publications in physics of fluids, in­terior ballistics weapon system anal·ysis, and designs of experiments. Hebas received numerous patents, com·mendations and awards.

JOHN E. REGAN joined the USA­SASA as chief of the Weapons Sys-

terns Synthesis Division in July, fol.lowing more than 24 years withFrankford Arsenal, including duty asacting.chief of the Small Caliber Am­munition Development Laboratory(1967-69). He was on temporary dutyassignment as technical assistant tothe chief of the USASASA from Nov·ember 1968 to June 1969.

He was technical assistant to thechief of .the Small Caliber Ammuni­tion Development Laboratory(1962-67) and staff assistanl to theSmall Arms Ammunition Missionmanager (1958-62), after serving aschief of the Propellants Branch in thePitman-Dunn Research Laboratories.

He has an AB degree in chemistryfrom Temple University and has au­thored a number of technical reports

John E. Regan

and papers on small arms ammuni.tion.

J. LARRY BAER, chief of the Ad­vanced Concepta Diviaion, has a BSdegree in chemical engineering fromCity College of New York (1960), anMSCE degree from Iowa State Uni­versity (1961), and an MBA in indus­trial management from Temple Uni­versity (1961).

Baer was employed by the Depart­ment of Defense at Frankford and Pi·eatinny Arsenals and the LimitedWar Laboratory prior to joiningUSASASA. He received the Merito­rious Civilian Service Award in 1965and in 1957 was awarded a scholar·

(Contillued on page £0)

J. Larry Baer

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 19

Raymond L. Evungam

1968 as chief. Administrative Office.He had served at Aberdeen ProvingGround since 1952, when he was em­ployed as administrative assistant tothe cbief of the Computing Labora­tory, U.S. Army Ballistic ResearchLaboratories (BRL).

Promoted to chief, AdministrativeDivision in 1953, he became chief ofthe BRL Program and Plans Divisionin 1958 and served until he assumedhis current duties.

Maj George O. James

General Staff College. His awards in­clude the Silver Star, Bronze Starwith Oak Leaf Cluster, Combat Infan­tryman Badge with Star, and Viet­namese Cross of Gallantry with GoldStar.

RAYMOND L. EVERNGAM joinedthe staff of USASASA in November

(Continued fTom page 19)ship by the Philadelphia Federal Per­sonnel Council.

Born in Frankfurt-am-Main, Ger­many, he came to the U.S. in 1940. Hehas been employed by Foundry Chemi­cals Co. & Stoll Metal Corp., LongIsland City, N.Y.; the Ames (Iowa)Laboratory; and Merck & Co., Inc.,Rahway, N.J.

MAJ GEORGE O. JAMES, actingchief of the Combat Developments Di­vision. recently completed two tollrs ofduty in Vietnam. He also served incomhat with the 7th Infantry Divisionin the Korean War.

Maj James served two years withthe Combat Developments CommandExperimentation Command, duringwhich he participated in the SmallArms Weapons Study and the In­fantry Rifle Unit Stndy.

He attended Infantry OCS, theRanger and Airborne School, InfantryCareer Course. and the Command and

USASASA Focuses on Small Weapons Management

International Conference Slates Honor for HDL Fluidics SuccessDevelopment of the concept of IIuid

amplification controls with few or nomoving parts, now finding applica­tions of incalculable significance inmany nation, was announced nineyears ago by the U.S. Army.

Next March, at an InternationalFluidics Conference in Warwick, Eng­land, the Army Materiel Command'sHarry Diamond Laboratories will behonored for the epochal achievement.It hllll been acclaimed widely as beingof importance comparable to develop­ment of transistors.

HDL Technical Director Billy M.Horton is credited with the basic indi­vidual patent for lI.uidic control. In1966, along with Raymond W. Warrenand Dr. Rornald E. Bowles, he waspresented with the exceptionally pres­tigious John Scott Award. Recipientshave included such immortals as Edi­son. Mme Curie and Marconi.

Fluidic devices use the flow of gasesor liquids for seusing, logic and con­trol. They are finding rapidly increas­ing military and civilian applicationswhere simplicity and reliability areprime factors.

HDL investigators have appliedfluidics successfully to the Army Arti­fical Heart Pump, the Army Emer­gency Respirator, the Army ExternalCardiac Compressor, and the ArmyVolume-Cycled Respirator. Othermilitary applications of major impor­tance include missile guidance systemsand controls of jet engines.

Product Engineering, in a Feb. 13,1967 "special report," stated that thegreat increase of industrial interest isexplained by the fact that: "Neither

heat, nor steam, nor oil, nor dust canspoil IIuidic operation. A well-chosenfluidic device can tolerate almost anyenvironmental ahuse. You can makeamplifiers out of almost any material,can stack them like pancakes to elimi­nate interconnecting tubing, and canmount them anywhere...."

To apprise <the scientific communityof its continuing developmental workin this important field, HDL has heldhundreds of "Fluidics Symposiums"for industry, educational institutionsand scientific organizations during thepast 10 years.

Approximately 50 scientists havebeen employed through the years onfluidics R&D. HDL officials say totalcost of the program over a 10-yearperiod has been about $16 million­$12 million in-house and $4 millionwith industry.

Industry is spending millions of dol­lars in fluidic applications such as:

• One U.S. automobile manufac­turer uses fluidic power steering on its1970 car as an option.

• Frontier Fluidics uses fluidic con­trols to regulate filling of large con­tainers with powder.

• Ramco, Inc., engineers have beenusing fluidic sensing and controls todevelop a device which measures thefrosting on coils of a refrigerationsystem and defrosts it when required.

• In Scandinavia (Excenter Press,Kalmar), a fluidic control system isbeing used on a punch press to deter­mine when the work piece is correctlylocated on the punch table.

• The Jarrett Compressor andEquipment Co. has built a sensing

system for the Arrow ConvertingEquipment Co. Used with photo­graphic film, it senses the surface po­sition of a movable rewind roll in re­lation to a fixed idler roll, eliminatingphysical contaot with the film.

• Link Engineering (Japan) hasbuilt a fluid system which controls acoil winder for an industrial concern.

• Grinding machines are being con­trolled in Italy by fluidic air gauging.

• General Foods uses fluidic enVe­lope inspection devices which automat­ically reject empty or partly fllledpackages on their production lines atthe Kool Aid Plant in Chicago.

Army Nuclear Physics ExpertRetires After 23 Years Service

One of the U.S. Army's leadingexperts in nuclear physics, blast phe­nomena, terminal ballistics and propa­gation of high-pressure waves in soiland rock, Dr. Curtis W. Lampson re­tired recently after 23 years service asan Army career scientist.

Dr. Lampson retired as technicaldirector of the Aberdeen (Md.) Re­search and Development Center. Mostof his Federal Civil Service tenurewas devoted to work at this installa­tion and its predecessor organizations.

In addition to his reputation as adistinguished research scientist and aconsultant in wide demand in hisvaried field of expertise, Dr. Lampsonwas widely known for his technicalpublications. .

Dr. Lampson was graduated fromSouth Dakota State College in 1929with a BS degree and earned MS andPhD degrees from Princeton U.

20 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

U.S. Army Ordnance Center MuseumDisplays 'History of Tanks' at APG

One of the best places in the world to go to get"tanked," that is, oriented on the history of tanks, is theU.S. Army Ordnance Center and School Museum, Aber­deen (Md.) Proving Ground.

Rows of long-inactivated tanks are on display for visi­tors, who Come by the thousands, including children whofind the exhibit more fun than a circus as they scramblearound to view the various types.

One of the oddities in the collection is a German"grasshopper" tank. Built toward the end of WorldWar II, it was constructed with a detachable turret thatcould be deposited at any desired location to serve as aself-contained "pillbox" viewpoint.

The "monster" is a 75·ton King Tiger tank, also pro­duced by the Germans. Although too heavy and cumber­some for rapid deployment, it featured an 88-millimetergun that effectively could penetrate nine inches of armor.

Smallest of the tanks in the exhibit is a 3-ton Ameri­can Ford built during World War I. One of the two ofits type still in existence, and the only one with itsoriginal power system, it never was in action, exceptthat it still is used in occasional military demonstrations.

German Panther ta.nks were among tank design was evidenced in thethe most deadly used. In Wo:ld War II American-British-produced Markand the Aberdeen dIsplay ~ncludes.a VIII. Weighing 36 tons, it was pow­50-ton ~odel G. !ntroduced In 1943, It ered by an American-built V-8 engine,was eqUIPp~d WIth ~ 75mm gun.and had a top speed of 5'h miles an hour,armOr four lOches thIck at key polOts. and was ~uipped with two British G-

One of the early tanks that incorpo- pounder naval guns and five Americanrated a number of deficiencies with re- designed machine guns.sped to speed and mobili ty (70 horse- Another rari ty is a German obser­power motor), but which featured a vation car that was used in Worldhooked nose that functioned as a War II. Built on the lines of a smallwire-cutter for barbed-wire barriers, tank, this armored vehicle achievedis a 191G model of the French cross-country mobility by running onSchneider tank. It served effedively, either wheels or tracks. The trackshowever, in tank development. could be lowered easily when the

Three years later, the progress in going became rough.

Brough Heads Quality Assurance Office at MERDCQuality Assurance Office functions at the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment

Research and Development Center (MERDC), For Belvoir, Va., are nowdirected by Walter L. Brough, appointed recently to succeed the lateBonnie Williams.

Brough was chief, Project Control, Plans and Opet'Btions Office, prior tohis promotion. The QAO exercises staff supervision over the centers' QAactivities and coordinates the program with the Mobility Equipment Com­mand, other Army Materiel Command subcommands, Defense Supply Agency,and other Department of Defense agencies. The objective is to assure atotsl QA program for material from concept to use.

Registered as a professional engineer inOhio and Alabama, Brough held top level en­gineering and management positions in in­dustry before entering Civil Service, includ­ing chief engineer of a 6-plant division ofa major steel company and executive vicepresident of a leading manufacturer of in­ternal combustion engines.

In February 1967 he became principalengineer in the MERDC Electrical MaterielBranch, Production Engineering Division, untiltransferring to Plans and Operations.

A native of Warren, Pa., he was graduatedfrom Fenn College of Engineering, ClevelandUniversity, in 1937 with a BS degree in me­chanical engineering. He is a graduate of theAdvanced Management Program, Harvard

Waller L. Brough Graduate School of Business Administration.

The U.S. Army Ordnance Centerand School Museum displays manyother historic, rare and unusual tanks,including models from Russia, France,Italy, Japan and other nations in ad­dition to the German, French, Britishand U.S. types.

Now that you know where to get"tanked" without becoming inebriated,Aberdeen welcomes your visit.

Odeen Gets 2 000 RolesIn Combining of Offices

Responsibili ties of two Departmentof Defense deputy assistant secretary­ships were assumed recently by PhilipA. Odeen, who has been a CivilService employe sin~ 1960.

The title of Deputy Assistant Secre­tary (Regional Programs) vests inMr. Odeen duties formerly assigned tothe DAS (Regional Forces Programs)and DAS (Southeast Asia Programs),following their ab:>lishment.

The 34-year-old executive is anative of Vermillion. S. Dak., and hewas graduated in 1957 from SouthDakota University with a BA degreein government (Phi Beta Kappa andgraduate cum laude). Awarded a Ful­bright Scholarship, he attended theUniversity of Liverpool in 1957-58 tostudy British local government andurban planning.

Upon his return to the UnitedStates, he enrolled at the Universityof Wisconsin and in 1959 was grad­uated with an MS degree in politicalscience. An 18-month tour of duty inthe Army, during which he completedthe basic Infantry officer's course atFort Benning, Ga., and became a 1stInfantry Division platoon leader,preceding entry into Civil Service.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 21

Research Analysis Corp. Work Program Lists 37 Army Projectsmine future U.S. Army requirementsfor general purposes forces, and pre­dicting capabilities of those forces, wascompleted by RAC in August 1969.

The FOREWON effort was a 2-yearprogram sponsored by the Office of theAssistant Vice Chief of Staff, HQ DA.RAC is now transferring the system(skills and computer programs) to theArmy. This involves training and as­sisting Army personnel in using thesystem.

The Deputy Chief of Staff for Mili·tary Operations (DCSOPS) has beendesignated as the operating managerof FOREWON. The first applicationin the Army planning s~'stem cycle isexpected earlY in 1970.

Concurrent with this major effort tobring the FOREWON system to oper­ational status within the Army staff,the system is being refined and im­proved in efficiency and scope ac­cording to a priority schedule recom­mended by a Project Advisory Group.

FOREWON is concerned with gen­eral purpose land forces, determina­tion of theater force requirements,and efficient roundout of those forcesas critical objectives. Separate on­going studies emphasize the influenceof resoUrce limitations on the size andcharacter of a combat force.

Pioneering research also is underway by RAC to develop a techniquefor determining the influence of forcestructure to dominate terrain-not bythe customary physical occupation butby use of advanced surveillance andtarget acquisition methods, togetherwith highly mobile ground combat andfire support reaction forces.

Comparatively little attenticn is di­rected in the 1970 RAC/Anny pro-

its efforts in this area.Much attention is directed in this

year's program to the search formethods of providing better "visi­bility" for logistic managers and deci­sion-makers through use of automaticdata prcx;essing procedures. Thiseffort includes methods for measuringeffectiveness of logistic operations inthe continental U.S. and overseas.

Using experience gained over manyyears in collection of logistics dataand in development of analytical tech­niques, such as computerized mooels,RAC is examining compe1Ji:ng conceptsof future logistics systems.

Several ongoing studies are de­signed to assist the Army in reducingcosts, speeding delivery of end itemsto the consumer, and improving lo!!;is­tics readiness for support of contin­gency operations. RAC is developing aspecial logistics data hank, focused ona centralized system of maintenanceof stockage lists overseas, for Army­wide use.

Another major area of study is theprojected impact of introducing muchlarger transport aircraft, particularlywith respect to the capabilities ofArmy depots and other facilities tohandle the logistics involved.

The Army has generated require­ments for RAC studies on ways tostandardize systems and methods forvalidating logistics information to thepoint where it is generated in 20 to 40subsystems supporting the over-all lo­gistics program. This effort includesmethods of calculating future wartimereplacement requirements for missilesand equipment.

FOREWON, a study for an auto·mated force planning system to deter-

Col Martin Assigned as C-E Deputy Director, MACVCol Doyne K. Martin is newly assigned as deputy director, Communi­

cations-Electronics (J-6) for the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam.Since 1967 until reassigned to his new duties, he was at HQ STRATCOM,

Fort Huachuca, Ariz. Prior to that he was deputy chief of staff for engi­neering at STRATCOM-Pacific, Hawaii.

Col Martin served four years as an in­structor at the Army Signal School, Fort Mon.mouth, N.J., and is credited with installingand operating one of the first satellite track­ing stations for Project Vanguard.

Commissioned as a second lieutenant in1943, he has served in Alaska, the AleutianIslands, New Guinea, Korea, Japan, PuertoRico and Cuba, twice receiving the Legion ofMerit.

Col Martin earned a BS degree in militarystudies from the University of Maryland andis a graduate of the Army Command andGeneral Staff College. This year he was electedpresident of the Southern Arizona Chapter ofthe Armed Forces Communications ElectronicsAssociation. Col Doyne K. Martin

ACTIV Sets Up DivisionTo Promote R&D Program

Addition of a Research and Devel­opment Division to the U.S. ArmyConcept Team in Vietnam (ACTIV),responsible for coordinating and di­recting all U.S. Army R&D activitiesin that theater, was announced in lateNovember.

Col Harry A. Buzzett, enrolled inthe Army R&D Officer SpecialistCareer Program for many years, ischief of the new unit. Other di­visions are Ground Combat; Air Mo­bility; and Logistics-Electronics.

The R&D Division also is desig­nated the implementing agency inVietnam f()r the Vietnam LaboratoryAssistance Program, Army(VLAPA), which was estsblished toenhance quick-reaction of tbe U.S.Army Materiel Command in providingin-country scientitic and engineeringaid to U.S. Army Forces in Vietnam.

Under the VLAPA program, repre­sentatives of a number of Army in­house laboratories in the UnitedStates are in residence in Vietnam toprovide a rapid means for scientistsand engineers to levy their parent or­ganizations for quick solutions toR&D problems encountered inVietnam combat.

The U.S. Army Limited War Labo­ratory at Aberdeen (Md.) R&DCenter has long assigned a liaison of­ticer to Vietnam and he will now be apart of the new R&D Division ofACTIV. The division is charged withevaluating new or improved opera­tional and organizational concepts,doctrine, tactics, techniques, proce­dures and materiel.

Large-scale operations research andsystems analysis capabilities acquiredby the Research Analysis Corp.,McLean, Va., a U.S. Anny nonprofitcontract agency for m()re than 21years, are reflected by 37 Army pro­jects in its new work program.

RAC, however, is steadily ex­panding its operations with agenciesother than its traditional majorsponsor, the Office of the Chief of Re­search and Development, HQ DA.RAC is broadening its efforts throughthe Army Materiel Command, CombatDevelopments Command, and overseascommands.

In line with the federal administra­tion's recent change of policy, urgingFederal Contract Research Centers(FCRCs) to make their highly spe­cialized expertise available under con­tract to other government and outsideagencies, RAC also is increasing

22 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

USAEPG Using New Mobile Data Test Facility

gram to cost-effectiveness studies perse. Rather, priority is given to thestudy of actual cost factors and howthe Army may best calculate costs.

RAC is collecting data in SouthVietnam to develop cost factors forestimating what U.S. Army funds arespent in indirect support of Republicof Vietnam Army, Regional Forces,and Popular Forces. This includesspecific items of equipment and theenvironment in which it is used, thelevel of operations, and the type ofequipment usage.

"Cost-tracking" is aimed at estab­lishing methods for relating currentcosts of ongoing weapons systems topast estimates, and isolating the envi­I'onmental factors which influencecosts and cost changes.

Under Project PRIMAR (Programto Improve Management of Army Re­sources), RAC is developing a compu·terized operational model. The objec­tive is to enable the Army to projectthe status of the Reserve Componentsin terms of authorized and personnelavailable in the Reserves-this asinput to an earlier RAC model of thepersonnel assets of the Regular Army.

RAC also in engaged in a series oftechnological analyses of Armyweapons and equipment, and improvedmeans of using them. Included is a"Family of Army Aircraft Study(FAAS-85)," which is concerned withcost effectiveness and possible mixesof candidate aircraft systems.

A companion study will evaluate ef­fectiveness of the aircraft as a func­tion of the degree of instrument flightcapability.

Another RAC project is aimed atdefining the utility of newly proposedfire support weapon systems. Effortalso is being devoted to future devel­opment and refinement of a modelwhich has been and continues to beused by the Army to address strategicnuclear warfare problems.

Akin to the latter project is aneffort to determine "decision points"for alternative uses of theater nuclearweapons in wartime.

The long-developed capability RAChas acquired in design of automatedprocedures for preparing frequencyand voice call-sign a signments isbeing extended to the FM radio netswithin U.S. Army divisions.

RAC also is seeking to identify andcharacterize circumstances underwhich tactical vehicles may be pooledprofitably, and methods of evaluatingeffective pooling procedures.

War-gaming activities of RAC arecontinuing on a reduced scale, cur­rently in support of Combat Develop­menta Command studies. The purposeof Air Mobility in Mid- and High-In­tensity Environments is to examine

the feasibility of airmobile operations,and to compare effectiveness withmixed armor and mechanized unita.

The AM/HI games seek to providea basis for estimating Army require­ments for airmobile and airlift forces.The RAC Field Office at HQ U.S.Army Europe is also working on thisproblem for the European Command.Prior RAC analyses have helpedUSAREUR to reduce. the scope. andcosts of Air Cavalry troop evaluationtests.

RAC's 1970 Army Work Programinvolves several strategic planningand policy studies designed to provideinput to Army planning documents.These include the Basic Army Stra­tegic Plan (BASE); Joint StrategicObjectives Plan (JSOP) of the Joint

Evaluating the operation of Armyradio sets under super-high-speed dig­ital data transmission loads is thefunction of a new facility establishedby the U.S. Army Electronic ProvingGround (USAEPG), Fort Huachuca,Ariz.

Known as the Mobile Digital DataTransmission Test Facility, it is de­signed to answer a pressing question:Can today's military radios handle thealmost lightning speed of digital datatransmission~

Many radios serving the Armywere developed for voice or teletype­writer transmission. The Army wouldlike to use these same radios fortransmitting digital data, which flowsat speeds of 600, 1,200 and 2,400 bitsper second-eompared with teletype­writer speeds of only 50 to 75 bits persecond.

The problem is that digital datamust be handled with precision totransmit the message intelligibly. Touse the analogy of human speech, onemust enunciate carefully to be h"ardclearly. Saying a tongue-twisterslowly is no problem; but try to say"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickledpeppers" fast. You may slur or garblea few words-and this is essentiallywhat may happen when one of todaysradio circuits is fed digital data.

The Mobile Digital Data Transmis­sion Test Facility uses a high-speedcomputer. A message sent through theradio set under test is received by thecomputer, which then matches the re­ceived message with an exact copy ofthe original.

The computer, as it scans the in­coming message, compares it with theoriginal, adds up the errors and auto­matically conIputes the mean errorrate. Engineers have a pI·inted read­out of the test results and can decidewhether or not the radio set is capable

Chiefs of Staff; Draft Memorandumto the President (DPM); and specificactions such as comments on NationalSecurity Staff Memoranda (NSSMs),and Army Chief of Staff studies.

One of the RAe projects represent­ative of direct assistance to HQ DAstudy groups is "Centralized AssetVisibility and Management Programfor Vietnam (CAVAMP-V)."

Illustrative also of this effort i."Combat Loss and Expenditure Data-Vietnam (COLED-V)," in whichRAC provides assistance to theCombat Developments Command bydesigning programs and processingdata from Vietnam to produce -re.portsrequired by HQ CDC, Army MaterielCommand, U.S. Army Vietnam, andthe Army General Staff.

of handling high-speed transmission.Army communications engineers

have gone more and more to digitaldata transmission in recent years tohandle the increasing amounts of mes­sage traffic-traffic that would backlogexcessively under older transmissionmethods.

Results of the test program hope­fully will lead to development offuture radio seta capable of the preci­sion required for digital data.

USAEPG's Mobile Digital DataTransmission Test Facility, containedin two mobile shelters, can be movedto any site required.

Picatinny Arsenal Claims$2.5 Million Cost Saving

Cost reduction suggestions appliedto production and inspection proce­dures at Picatinny Arsenal, Dover,N.J., are saving the U.S. Governmentan estimated $2.5 million during FY69 and FY 70.

Changes in inspection procedure.for high-explosive and practice 60mmcartridges have resulted in a $767,900saving for FY 69 and anticipated$570,400 FY 70 saving.

This suggestion was submitted byLouis Anastasia, Quality AssuranceDirectorate at the arsenal, andArthur Williams, Army MaterielCommand (AMC) product managersofficer for mortars. Williams was withthe Picatinny Arsenal AmmunitionEngineering Directorate (AED) whenthe cost reduction idea was conceived.

Three employes of the AED Appli­cations Engineering Laboratory sug­gested the use of less expensive com­ponents in XM483 155mm artilleryammunition. Anthony Herold, An­thony Ignacki and Robert Shafran arecredited with a $612,400 saving in FY69 and estimated 1970 saving of$609,200.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 23

DECEMBER 1969

will be the Aerobee 150, known as thework-horse of the Aerobee family. De­signed to carry scientific instrumenta­tion packages to altitudes rangingfrom 70 to 190 miles, the Aerobee 150was first used in 1947.

In addition to 46 launchings of theAerobee 150, the NOMTF has sched­uled 17 Aerobee 170 rocket firingsfrom December 1969 to December1970. The 170 has a more powerfulmot9r and can carry instrumentationpackages up to 250 pounds to altitudesof about 200 miles.

Four launchings of the Aerobee 350rocket are programed. This vehiclecan carry payloads weighing up to 500pounds to altitudes of 207 miles andlighter payloads to 294 miles.

Included in the firing schedule are11 Nike-Apache rockets and twoNike-Cajun vehicles. The Navy re­cently assumed responsibilities for re­search programs involving theserockets.

The WSMR based naval contingentlaunches the vehicle in conjunctionwith agencies such as the NationalAeronautics and Space Administra­tion, the Air Force research activities,Naval Research Laboratory in Wash­ington, and Kitt Peak Observatory inArizona.

U.S. universities, other U.S. Gov­ernment agencies and friendly foreignnations provide research criteria forthe proj ects.

traversing mechanism, and the de­tector unit mechanism. The inner tubeis keyed for rotational stahility andgear-racked for traversing a distanceof 72 inches. This includes the entirechamber, the forcing cone, the originof rifling, and about 10 inches into therifled portion of the tube.

The control console contains thesignal processing and marking ampli­fiers and a control panel for operatingthe scanning mechanism. Instrumen­tation for the MRB includes a stripchart recorder, a 2-channel magnetictape recorder, and an oscilloscope.

Field testing of the gun tubes inSouth Vietnam was directed to in­creasing the safe service life of the175mm gun tube by a factor of ap­proximately three. The AMMRC teamwas given support by the 1st Logis­tical Command, with every precautiontaken to minimize the dangers in­volved.

Tests were performed in the Cen­tral Highlands, where the climate isvery similar to that in New Englandexcept that it rained at least onceevery day.

High-Altitude Research Programed at WSMRHigh-altitude scientific research

above White Sands (N. Mex.) MissileRange will be increased greatly in1970 by a program that will morethan double the 1969 rate of firing ofAerobee and other sounding rockets.

The U.S. Naval Ordnance MissileTest Facility, which conducted a totalof 34 rocket launchings from Jan. 1 toNov. 4, 1969, plans to send up 80 Aer­obee, Nike-Apache and Nike-Cajunrockets. Studies will incl ude solarflares, mircometer detection, magneticfields and other phenomena.

More than half of the launchings

exist near a crack, the material mustcontain an appropriately oriented flux,or residual field.

The cracks of particular interest inthe bore of cannon tubes are orientedin the longitudinal direction, whichtherefore requires a circumferentialOr circular flux that will be inter­cepted by a crack at approximately 90degrees to produce leakage.

This requirement is satisfied by ex­posure of the gun tube to a strongmomentary magnetic field produced byan axially positioned d.c. current-car­rying conductor, which is accom­plished at the gun site.

The instrumentation for inspectingthe gun tubes for bore defects consistsof three major units--a scanningmechanism containing the motor­driven, rotating detector head; a con­trol console; and the recording instru­mentation.

The scanning mechanism includesan outer positioning and fixturingtube, an inner tube serving the dualpurpose of detector unit holder and

AlU1Y RESEARCH AND DEvELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE

ON LOCATIO in Central Highlands of South Vietnam, Henry Wysocki (center)and Stephen Doherty (right), AMMRC, operate Magnetic Reeording Boreseopein field tests to evaluate more accurately the service life of 175mm gun tubes.

24

AMMRC Successfully Service Tests 175mm Gun TubesThree civilian scientists from the

U.S. Army Materials and MechanicsResearch Center (AMMRC) are backon their jobs at Watertown, Mass.,after more than two months of volun­tary special duty testing gun tubes atthe front lines in South Vietnam.

Pbysicist Harold P. Hatch, mechan­ical engineer Stephen J. Doherty, am'Henry S. Wysocki, an industrial engi­neering technician, combined theirskills to evaluate more accurately theservice life of 175mm gun tubes.

Success of the tests and the largeamount of valuable information ob­tained was a.ttributed in large part tothe design of a small field version ofthe Magnetic Recording Borescope.

The MRB nondestructive testingsystem was developed over the past 25years at AMMRC and its antecedent,the Watertown Arsenal. Operating onthe principle of electronic detection ofthe magnetic leakage associated withcracks in a circumferentially magne­tized tube, the MRB is designed todetect and locate discontinuities suchas fatigue cracks near the surface ofthe bore of the 175mm, M1l3El.

To accomplish this, a magnetic taperecording head is rotated close to thebore surface while traversing axially.This type of detector is sensitive tochanges in leakage field only; thevoltage output is proportiona I to therate of flux change induced in the coreof the detector.

The technique is equivalent to themore familiar magnetic particlemethod of inspection for surfacecracks. In the latter case, ferromag­netic powders are used as the ude_tector," and the powder is collected bythe leakage field from the free mag­netic poles associated with a crack.

For a significant leakage field to

r=Dream Realized

Explorer With Byrd SailsTo Bahamas RetirementShirley Temple setting off on "The

Good Ship Lollipop" could not haveevoked more pure joy than was evi­dent in "Captain and First Mate"Donald C. Hilton when he and hiswife Grace embarked on The Quest, a40-foot "dream boat," for retirementin the Bahamas.

Hilton is well-known to the Armyscientific community as one of thehardy breed of adventurers whojoined Admiral Byrd On his 1939-41Antarctic Expedition, spent 12 yearswith the U.S. Navy Bureau of Yardsand Docks, and in 1961 joined the En­vironmental Sciences Division, ArmyResearch 0 ffice.

Reti rernent to a South Seas Islandis a dream that has been shared bymillions during a life of toil andstruggle. But few men have workedharder at making the dream cometrue than Don, a self-professed"lifelong sailor at heart."

The special retirement incentives inNovember prompted final action.

In the early 1930s he spent fouryears as a sailing master/navigatorwith a professional crew. Then he es­tablished a private engineering prac­tice and construction business in Flo­rida from 1935 until he joined theByrd Antarctic Expedition. But hekept right on sailing from 1935 to1939.

During the bleak winters in theAntarctic he became a close friend ofthe late world-renowned cold regionsexplorer Dr. Paul A. Siple, whosecareer as an Army scientist began fol­lowing return from the expedition.They worked together in the ArmyResearch Office until Dr. Siple died inlate November 1968.

Hilton resumed the engineering andconstruction business (1941-43) in theMiddle East, where he was engaged inbuilding facilities to get lend-lease aidto the Soviet Union.

Subsequently, he spent three yearswith the Seabees. In 1946 he returnedto private engineering and construc·tion until he entered the Arctic R&DProgram of the Bureau of Yards andDocks. Part of his work was on thenuclear power program in the cold re­gions.

Grace Hilton shares her husband'slove of the sea and is likewise "an oldsailor," able to take over navigationand belmsman duties as necessary.

The Quest, on which they traveledfrom Annapolis, Md., by way of theinland waterway to the home of Mrs.Hilton's brother (8500 S.W. 107th St.,

Miami, Fla. 33156), will take off forHopetown, Abaco, in the Bahamas,about the middle of January.

Don became fascinated with the cli­mate and the beauty of the Hopetownarea in the early 1930s, which is whenthe dream of retiring tbere originated.Two years ago he made another tripto see if it was still "substantially as Iremembered it," and found that thecharm of the place, at least for him,had changed but little.

Built in Formosa, The Quest is a40-foot ketch with a fiber glass hull, a12-foot beam. 6-foot draft and a luxu·rious all teakwood interior. Finishedaccording to Don's specifications, theinterior is as beautifully compact withall the conveniences of home as asailor might expect.

The 40·horsepower diesel engine isgood for 7 to 8 miles an hour, but Donexpects that "sail power" will be usedmost of the time.

What about the future? Don saysmuch of it will be spent aboard TheQuest, relaxing, fishinb' or just adven­turing through the Bahamas. He alsowill do as much, or as little, as hedesires of private engineering andconstruction. for which his skillsshould be in plentiful demand.

Now that they bave their "dreamboat," Don and Grace will make theirnext major project the building oftheir "dream home." It will be a"Rondette," a 12-side house of pre­fabricated design, with 750 feet offloor space mounted on stilts. What'smore, they intend to build it with

their own hands-"well, quite sub­stantially, that is!"

Army Chief of R&D Lt Gen AustinW. Betts presented the ExceptionalCivilian Service Medal to Hilton uponhis retirement after more than 26years of civi.lian service.

The citation acclaimed him for con­tributing immeasurably toward ad­vancing the capability of the U.S.Army to operate in the cold regionsand to the successful accomplishmentof the missions, goals and objectivesof the Department of the Army."

Scientific: Calendar5th General Meeti.nl 01 the Sodety for Ce.n.

eral Microbiology, Norwieh. EOlland, Jan. i-7.SolId State Physia Conlerence. .ponaored

by Institute of Ph"..ica an.d PhYlilcal Society,Manehe.ter. Enrlan.d. Jan. 6-8.

4th 000 Confetence on Laaer Techno1o".tpouored by OeRD. ARPA. USAF and ONR.

an Diero. Cali/.. Jan. 6·8.22d Annual Mu.lIdl" and Connntlon Indo...

try Shown.u. •pon~red by Beliropter Auo.<:iallon of Ame.rl(a.. La. Vee••, Nev., Jan.II-H.

9th InternaUonal Symposium on RadioaeU"elIotopes in Clinic and Reaearch. Bad Gutein.Austri.a, Jan. 12·15.

International Conference on By.t~m Sel­ene". ,ponlOred by IEEE. U. of Hawail. andSociety for Induatrlal and Applied Mathe­maUes. Honolula. U .......U. Jan. 1-4-16.

Topieal MHtin.. on En.ineuina with Na­dur E~plOltvel. L.. Vt"lal, Nev., Jan. 14-16.

8th AerOllace Scienct!l Meeting. apon..sored byAtAA. N.Y.C.• Jan. 19-21.

IEEE Winter Power Meetin•. N.V.C.• ]-.0.25-30.

Inetllau on T«hn.olo.-iltal Chan..e in Print­In.. and Publilhina: An Enluatlon. loonaoredby Ame.rlcan U.• ArJi.nrton, Va., Jan. 26-28.M~h.anj...al Properties and Mec.han.iul Tnt­

In. of Pobmen. aponJ!loOred by the Pl..tiaInlUlate of America. Inc.. Hoboken. NJ.• Jan.20-30.

Intern.tlonal Se.mlnar on Data Mana..ement.Ceneva. SwluerlaJ1d. Jan. 27·Z!il.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZlNE 25

DECEMBER 1969

Dr. Garbis H. Keulegan

bastia, Armenia, July 12, 1890, re­ceived a BA degree from AnatoliaCollege in Asia Minor, and in 1912emigrated to the United States toobtain advanced education. In 1914 heearned a second bachelor's degree inphysics and ma.thematics and in 1915a master's degree from Ohio State.

From a teaching fellowship at OhioState, he went to the research depart­ment of Westinghouse Electrical andManufacturing Co. In 1918 he enteredthe U.S. Army and during World WarI served with the American Expedi­tionary Force in France.

Dr. Keulegan joined the staff of theU.S. National J;tureau of Standards in1920, did research on properties ofelastic materials, and in 1928 con­cluded graduate work in mathematicsand physics at Johns Hopkins Univer­sity by earning his doctorate.

When the National Hydraulics Lab­oratory was established by the NBSin 1932, Dr. Keulegan became, by re­quest, a member of the original staff.One of his numerous publications,"Laws of Tnrbulent Flow in OpenChannels," gained recognition as aclassic of literature on this subject. In1960 the Department of Commercehonored him the Gold Medal Award.

Upon his retirement after 42 yearsof service with the National Bureauof Standards, he started a new careerwith WES as a consultant. PresentlyIu! is leading the analysis of tides,tidal currents and density currentphenomena in the projected Atlantic­Pacific Seal Level Canal. He is alsodoing research in the mechanics of thevortex and density /low involved.DoD Publishes 'Idea for Managers'

If )'OQ h&ppe.n to be II. me.mbe-r of thatrathu rare breed (say. Unde Sam) of ~m·plo,~. whose prime purpose in life iJ. to ~on­

c:ein practicabl@ monq....... in. idna-Ior theU.S. Governme.nt. lhat i.--. new .Ie-old mine"ia available for exploitation.

"Ideas for Manageu" i•• nur Departmentor Defenae publi~tion that Ii.ta More thanI,." mone;p-p"in.r methods adopted: b1 theDoD ift ita Colt Reduction ProlTam. Theidea. reprenht problem-Iolvin, or imacinatJvethinkin.r of mUitary .nd ciyilian perBonnel~

The booklet is heinE' dl.tribuled to .11 lOCi..tlt:al acUvities within the Department of De-­fe...e. Copies. may be' purehaaed for $1 fromthe Superintendent of Document:.. U.s. GOY­ernment Prlntln.a Office, Wuhin.rton. D.C.2&402.

Dr. M. Juul Hvorslev

AR~IY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE26

2 WES Consultants Win R&D AwardsThough Past Mandatory Retirement

Mandatory retirement at age 70 did not deprive theU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station ofthe services of Dr. M. Juul Hvorslev and Dr. Garbis H.Keulegan, world-renowned recent recipients of 1969Army R&D Achievement Awards.

Come Christmas Day, Dr. Hvorslev will have specialcause for celebrating. That will be his 74th birthday.Dr. Keulegan marked his 79th birthday July 12, 1969.In the opinion of many WES staff members, their serviceas consultants makes them about 8S close to being in­dispensahle as anyone ever might expect to be.

Invited by the Chief of Engineers to continue as con­sultants at WES following mandatory mark, where he received a civil engi­retirement, in recognition of their neering degree from the Technical"unique capabilities," Drs. Hvorslev University in 1918. Three years laterand Keulegan are hailed as "shining he came to the United States on aexamples of the thoroughness and travel scholarship, remained, and inscientific creativity necessary to 1929 became a naturalized citizen.achieve meaningful results in careers After more than 10 years of workdevoted to research and development." on design and construction of dams,

Army Chief of Research and Devel- hydro-power and water supply pro­opment Lt Gen Austin W. Betts trav- jects in California, Washington and ineled to the Waterways Experiment Colombia, South America, he visitedStation, Vicksburg, Miss., to present hydraulic laboratories in Europe.the Army R&D Achievement Awards Continuing bis studies and researchto the distingUished scientists. on soil mechanics at the Technical

Dr. Hvorslev was cited for his sig- University in Vienna, he earned anificant contribution to the literature doctorate in 1936. His thesis, "Phys­of soil mechanics in his report on ical Properties of Remolded Cohesive"Tbe Basic Sinkage Equations and Soils," published in Denmark in 1937,Bearing Capacity Theories." Dr. is considered a classic of soil me­Keulegan was recognized for hls chanics literature. It was repUblishedstudies of tsunamis-giant waves that in English for the first time by Wat­often cause a great deal of damage, as erways Experiment Station.in the case of tbe 1964 Alaskan Upon returning to the Unitedearthquake. States in 1937, Dr. Hvorslev became a

Dr. Hvorslev's report, including a research engineer in the Soil Me­set of equations which ffbrought to- chanica and Foundations Division.gether for the first time all the signif- American Society of Civil Engineers,icant factors tbat influence the and a Harvard Research Fellow.bearing capacity of soils," is consid- In 1949 the results of his researchered of tremendous importance. on methods of obtaining undisturbed

Use of the report by Department of samples of soils were published in aDefense agencies concerned with mo- report, "Subsurface Exploration andbility problems in the design of mili- Sampling of Soils for Civil Engi­tary vehicles, and in predictions of neering Purposes," a work thattheir trafficability, according to WES became world renowned.officials, "will result in significant Nineteen years after he joined thedollar savings and great improvement staff of the Waterways Experimentin planning military land operations." Station as a technical consultant to

Crescent City, Calif., sustained mil- the Soils Division, he retired in De­lions of dollars of damages from tsun- camber 1965, but was on ·the job theamis following the Ala kan earth- following day as a special assistant­quake. The primary purpose of the re- an appointment that testified to thesearch for which Dr. Keulegan was high regard in which he is held by hiscited was to provide input information superiors and associates.for a hydraulic scale model that will Recognized by the presentation ofbe used to determine feasibility of numerous awards, Dr. Hvorslev re­proposed barrier plans to protect ceived the American Society of CivilCrescent City from destruction by Engineers Research Prize in 1957, andtsunamis in the future. in 1965 was the winner of the Karl

Results of his comprehensive study, Terzaghi Award, considered thehowever, are expeced to be used in highest honor that can be conferredmany future studies of how to protect on workers in soil mechanics andother valuable coastline areas from foundation engineering. He is a regis-the damage of tsunamis. tered engineer in Mississippi.

DR. HVORSLEV was born in Den- DR. KEULEGAN was born in Se-

. .

CRESS Separates From American University, Affiliates With AIR

I

AMC Initiates CSC's 1- Year Trial Retirement

CRESS (Center for Research inSocial Systems), major U.S. Armycontract agency for social sciencestudies, announced Dec. 5 its separa­tion from the American Universityand its affiliation with the nonprofitAmerican Institutes for Research.

The realignment made CRESS thesecond of the Army's principal con­tract agencies providing expertise forspecial studies to terminate its linkwith a major university in recentmonths. HumRRO (Human ResourcesResearch Office) ended 18 years as anelement of George Washington Uni­versity, Washington, D.C., as an­nounced in October A.-my Reseanltand Development Newsmagazine.

CRESS, like HumRRO, which main­tained its organizational structure es­sentially intact as a new nonprofitcorporation, will preserve the sametop management team and hasicallythe same group of highly specializedprofessional personnel.

HumRRO, which remains the U.S.Army's major source of research inits specialty field, explained its changein status as a move to achieve moreflexihility for broadening its sphere ofoperations by accepting work fromother agencies. CRESS, likewise, willcontinue as the U.S. Army's mainsource for social science studies, butwill engage in other ventures.

Dr. Preston S. Abbott is continuingas the CRESS director, a position heassumed early in 1967. CRESS will

Initiation of trail retirement fromFederal Civil Service for eligible em­ployes, with returns to positions atthe same grade and pay guaranteed ifdesired within one year, was an­nounced Dec. 8 by the U.S. Army Ma­teriel Command.

AMC CG General F. J. Chesarekapproved the program to assist eli­gible employes in eliminating some ofthe uncertainties tbey may have re­garding desirability of retirement.The plan was inaugurated earlier thisyear by the U.S. Civil Service Com­mission.

AMC officials estimate the commandhas more than 30,000 employes whoare 55 years of age and over, and thatabout 14,000 will become eligible forretirement in 1970. Eligibles includethose age 62 and older with 5 yearsservice; 60 and older with 20 years;and 55 and over with 30 years.

Only about 50 percent of the eligi­bles actually apply for retirement eachyear. Under provisions of the trialretirement program, employees who

retain the name it assumed July 1,1966, when it became successor to theSpecial Operations Research Office(SORO), which also functioned for adecade as part of the American U.

When CRESS was created, the an­nounced purpose was to incresse capa­bilities for Army missions in specialwarfare studies, military assistance,and rapid response to Southeast Asiaand other counterinsurgency informa­tion requirements of the Army.

CRESS has continued to operatefrom offices at 5010 Wisconsin Avenue,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016, intowhich SORO moved late in 1962 afterbeing located on the Ame"ican Uni­versity campus for six years. Plans asof mid-December were still pendingfor relocation of CRESS to newWashington area offices early in 1970.

American Institutes for Research,headed by Dr. S. Rains Wallace aspresident and chief executive officer,works in the social and behavioral sci­ences under a variety of contracts forthe U.S. Government as well as foroutside agencies. Corporate offices arein Pittsburgh, Pa., with research of­fices there as well as in Silver Spring,Md., Palo Alto, Calif., and Bangkok,Thailand.

CRESS does basic and applied re­search and prepares scientific infor­mation responses from its data bankand other readily available primaryand secondary sources of information.Research is focused in areas that em-

become eligible for optional retirementeach quarter will receive individualletters explaining the program. Theyand their spouses will be invited toattend a preretirement briefing for afull explanation.

An employe desiring to participatewill submit a signed written requestto his immediate supervisor. This willbe reviewed by the Civilian PersonnelOffice to verify eligibility.

When the request is approved, a"Trial Retirement Agreement" issigned by the employe and his com­mander, providing for reemploymentupon completion of one year of sepa­ration. An exception tp the samegrade and pay guarantee applies toPL-313 and supergrade employes,who will be guaranteed reemploymentat the GS-15 level.

Retirees desiring reemploymentafter a one-year trial separation mustapply to their proper Civilian Per­sonnel Office for reinstatement notlater than the beginning of the 11thmonth of trial retirement.

phasize the psychological and socialfactors of attitudes and behavior ofpersons in most countries of the world.

General areas of effort includeinter- and intra-cnltural communica­tion, orientation and adaptation ofpersonnel to foreign cultures, meas­urement of effectiveness of U.S. over­seas programs, military roles in so­cioeconomic development, and metho­dologies for understanding foreigncnltures.

The Social Science Research Insti­tute (SSRl) and the Cultural Infor­mation Analysis Center (CINFAC)are the major components of CRESS.Headed hy associate directors, Dr.Arnold E. Dahlke and L. D. Brum­mitt, SSRI performs R&D leading toa basis for programs.

Recent publications include: Cltal­le-nge and Respo1l.8e in Internal Can­flict,- Community Relations AdviB0T7/Councils in tlte Republic of Korea,­Intercultural Communications Guide,Thailand,- Vietnam: Tiul Origins ofReVOlution (1935-191,6),. and Commu­nist 1118Urgent Infrastl"'UCture: AStudy of Organization and Strategy.

Under the management of James R.Price, CINFAC provides information,analyses, and syntheses on a rapid-re­sponse basis to urgent Army require­ments. Recent publications include:Tlte Middle East: A Stu':ly of Can­flict,- Uniud Stales Military Assist­ance and Latin American Relations,­CRESS Researclt on Vietnam: A Bib­liograpltic Essay,- and Pltases of CIvilDisturbances: CItaractsristics andProblems.. Dr. Abbott has announced the fol­lowing objectives for CRESS:

• To engage in research aimed atdeveloping precise methodologies, in­cluding quantitative techniques, forassessment of communication, both be­tween and within subcultural groups.

• To apply the accumulated knowl­edge and expertise of its social scien­tists in the study of specific problemsin a wide variety of geographic andsociopsycbological contexts.

• To utilize its information and bib­liographical retrieval systems to pre­pare immediate responses to problemsof a social science nature for industry,government (national, state and local)and to basic research for foundations.

• To make available in-depthknowledge of documentary sources toprepare a synthesis of pertinent infor­mation stuctured to tbe consumer'sproblems in dealing with questions ofa subcultural nature both domesticallyand internally.

• To disseminate through publica­tions, lectures and seminars the re­sults of its research programs.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS lIlAGAZINE 27

Division; and Lt Col Robert A. Flory,Air Defense and Missiles Division.

Lt Col SelvlIn H. French, head ofthe Installation and Services Direc­torate, Fort Detrick, Md., received theBSM for meritorious service in a pre­vious tour as logistical support ac­tivity commander in the MekongDelta, Vietnam.

MERITORIOUS SERVICE. Lt ColLouUl G. Klinker was awarded theMeritorious Service Medal for per­formance of duty with the U.S. ArmyResearch Office, OCRD, from July 27,1965 until Oct. 31, 1969.

As a staff officer with the Physicaland Engin1lering Sciences Division, hewas cited for outstanding contribu­tions to research and exploratory de­velopment programs in metals, com­posite materials, nondestructivetesting, and hardening of materialsfor antiballistic application.

Specifically, he maintained a COOl­

prehensive, accurate and up-to-dateknowledge of the various develop­mental programs. His work insuredthat supporting materials exploratorydevelopment programs were main­tained in balance to satisfy hardwareapplication requirements and topromote exploitation of scientific andtechnological achievements.

Chief of R&D Lt Gen A. W. Bettspresented the award to Col Klinkerduring retirement ceremonies.

AIR MEDAL. Capt Charles S. Ni­choU! of the U.S. Army MobilityEquipment R&D Center, Fort Belvoir,

professional knowledge contributedimmeasurably to the successful accom­plishments of each major phase of thehighly complex Demonstrator EngineProgram," the citation states.

White has been with AVLABS formore than 10 years, is a member ofthe American Helicopter Society, andis a 1961 graduate of North CarolinaState College with a BS degree in me­c1ulDical engineering.

LEGION OF MERIT. CWO JohnD. Thompson was awarded the LOMfor his outstanding contributions todevelopment. of flight standardizationprocedures for the AH-IG helicopterwhile with the New EquipmentTraining (NET) team in Vietnam.

Currently serving as a support pilotat the Army Aviation Systems TestActivity (ASTA), Edwards Air ForceBase, Calif., CWO Thompson's per­formance was a key factor. the cita­tion states, in the successful introduc­tion and deployment of the HueyCobra helicopter in Vietnam. He wasinstrumental in developing many ofthe tactical employment techniquesutilizing the vast potential of theattack helicopter.

BRONZE STAR MEDAL. Threestaff officers assigned to the Office ofthe Chief of Research and Develop­ment (OCRD) received the BronzeStar Medal (BSM) for hercism inrecent tours of duty in Vietnam.

Recipients are Lt Col Robert W.Noce, Combat Materiel Division; LtCol Robert J. Cottell, Southeast Asia

Bjerhammar Receives Carl-friedrich-Gauss MedalAward of the prestigious Oarl-Friedrich­

Gauss Medal to Prof. Arne Bjerhammar, di­rector, Institute of Geodesy, Royal Instituteof Technology in Sockholm, Sweden, hasheen announced by the U.S. Army Researchand Development Group (Europe).

The Braunschweigsche WissenschaftlicbeGesellschaft bestowed the medal on PTof.Bjerhammar, who was the first director ofthe U.S. Army Research Institute for Geo­detic Sciences of the Army Engineer Topo­graphic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, Va. Sincereturning to his native Sweden, he has beendoing geodetic research for the U.S. Army. Dr. Arne Bjerhammar

Presentation of the Carl-Friedrich-GaussMedal recognizes Prof. Bjerhammar for "outstanding services to interna­tional geodetic research during the last decade." Among his numerous otherhonors is a U.S. Army Certificate of Achievement awarded Sept. 20, 1967,when he departed from the U.S. Army Research Institute for GeodeticSciences.

Prof. Bjerhammar has patented and is producing three "geodimeters,"electro-optical instruments that permit extremely accurate short., medium.and long-range measurement in geodetic research. Currently he is engagedin studies of the gravitational field of the moon.

Col Robert B. Bennett, chief, U.S. Army R&D Group (Europe), and Dr.Hoyt Lemons, chief of the group's Environmental Sciences Brancb, reportedon Prof. Bjerhammar's latest achievements in detailing their survey ofU.S. Army contract research in Sweden, Denmark and Norway..

EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE. TheExceptional Civilian Service Medal,the highest civilian employe awardpossible by the Secretary of the ATmy,was presented recently to John D.Gast, director, TelecommunicationsCenteT Automation Directorate, U.S.Army Strategic Communications Com­mand, Fort Huachuca, Ariz.

Gast was commended for his workon the project known as SOMISS(Study of Management InformationSystems) and the foUow-on plan for1!Stablishing the Computer SystemsCommand. This work was performedwhile he was chief, Information Sci­ences Group, Management Informa­tion Systems Directorate, Office of theAssistant Vice Chief of Staff, HQ DA,Washington, D.C.

MERITORIOUS SERVICE.Francis B. Patrick, optical physicist,received the Meritorious CivilianService Award (MCSA) for notableperformance during 30 years ofservice at Frankford Arsenal, Phila­delphia, Pa.

His most important achievementsrelate to design and development ofoptical fire control materiel for theU.S. Army. Credited with assisting indeveloping the T41 rangefinder, he isrecognized mostly for his work on theT156 sight, the T35 periscope, an op­tical system for the T46 rangefinder,an erecting prism assembly, the uni­versal articulated telescope, and thearticulated (single-joint) telescope.

Patrick also has received a letter ofcommendation from the U.S. MilitaryAcademy for his enthusiasm and orig­inality in creating a chapter on "Military Optical Instruments," for inclu­sion in Vol V, Applied Optics and Op­tical lnstrum,mts, to be published byEastman Kodak Co.; and selection bythe Department of Defense to serve asthe leading U.S. representative atmeetings of the NATO Group of Ex­perts on Optical Instruments.

John W. White, chief of the Propul­sion Division, U.S. Army AviationMateriel Laboratories (AVLABS),Fort Eustis, Va., received the MCSAfor his part in increasing the Army'scapability to initiate and manage air.craft propulsion technology researchprograms from 1962 to May 1969.

"His exceptional leadership, pro­found technical competence and

28 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

Trailers Trail Her Everywhere!Goln .. to work for Nancy Ril."l. II like lome

home. but not exactly 1Mr•. l'le.wil I.. an employe of the U.S. Army

ColQbat DenJoPl'Ilenu Command (CDC). FortSehoul Va. She c:laima to baye U"ed mOlt ofhoo married life in a hOWie-trailer. In addl·tion. her late lather manat:ted • trailer a..eoc,..

Naney and he.r hUlband. Jim. recently d,e­dded. to make the break from tuller.. andbou.ht a real "ouae In nearb,. AJQ;andria, Va.

So aue. what! When Nancy came bae.t. towork. at CDC aftu IettlJnl' into her new home.her .ecrion had monel Into an olBce tuUer.

Direct07', Miss Mary K. Williams; Ad­jutant/. Office, Miss Jo Ann Cole:Phytrica.l and Engineering Scien.ce.Division, Richard L. Ballard, Mrs.Phyllis Mr. Brown, Dr. Ivan R. Hersh·ner Jr. and Dr. Thomas E. Sul­livan.

Behavioral SciBnce. DiviBion. JacobL. Barher Jr.; Studie. and AnalysB.Division, Miss Martha V. Carter, Mrs.Glorine D. Johnson and Miss Ruth L.Reedy: Reoearch Programs Office,Mrs. Lura H. Ferrone; ReseMckPlans Office. Mrs. Sally C. Kennedy,James W. Sterling and Mrs. Ruthe I.Vaughn: Ufe Sciences Division, Mrs.Jeanette H. Merritt; EnvironmmtalSCiences Division, Mrs. Anna R.Owen, Mrs. Frances L. Whedon andDr. Valentine E. Zadnik: Information.Sy.tems Office, Morton H. Marks.

Research Program Benefitsership, Command and Control: Lan­guage and Area Training: TrainingTechnology; Unit Training and Per·formance: and Special OperationsTraining.

Three agencies are responsible formajor portions of the over-all pro­gram sponsored by the Army Chief ofResearch and Development to providefor improved performance, motivationand leadership of military personnel.They are the U.S. Army BehavioralScience Research Laboratory(BESRL); the Human Resources Re­search Organization (HumRRO); andthe Center for Research in SocialSystems (CRESS).

BESRL functions as an Army in­house rSllearch activity and is con­cerned principally with personnelmanagement research and human per­formance measurements, and advancedtraining techniques and devices toachieve effective use of personnel.

HumRRO is a contract agency thatrecently terminated 18 years of opera­tion as an element of George Wash­ington University_ CRESS also func­tioned for 13 years as an organiza­tional element of the American Uni­versity in Washington, D.C., and reocently became a part of the AmericanInstitute for Research.

CON Pam 70-1 reports on 1968 pro­grams and progress of each agency,including bibliographies of reportsand related publications.

Award), Mrs. Sherrie L. Collison(with Quality Step Increase).

Program. and Budget Division,Miss Edith L. Burkle: Developments,Office of the Director. Mrs. Ellen J.Curry; AIr Mobility Divi.ion, Mrs.Marylee M. Norton; Combat MaterielDivision, Mrs. Anna R. Strobeck(with Quality Increase), Mrs. JoannaL. Smith (with Quality Increase);Communications-Electronics Div~ion,

Mrs. Betty F. Kleindienst.MiSSIle Def8?L8e, Ranges and Space

Division. Mrs. Edna T. Jernigan(with Sustained Superior Perform­ance Award), Mrs. Mary C. Williams(with Sustained Superior Perform·ance Award), Mrs. Helen E. George(with Sustained Superior Perform·ance Award).

Army Research Office, Office of the

CONARC Reports Behavorial"Utilization of Behavioral and

Social Science Research Products(Fiscal Year 1968)" is the title of arecently published CON Pamphlet70-1, issued by HQ U.S. ContinentalArmy Command, Fort Monroe, Va.

Applications of new or expandedknowledge resulting from behavioraland social science research are listedin six categories: Individ,::al'I2aininand Performance: Training for Lead-

Frankford Arsenal Presents 'Woman of Yea~ AwardFrankford Arsenal's first Woman of the Year Award was presented re­

cently to Mrs. Esther M. Gresham, a mathematics technician who resides inthe Philadelphia, Pa., Germantown area.

Cited for achievements "representative of what the Federal Women'sProgram is trying to achieve," Mrs. Gresham has been recognized over theyears for continuing achievements and "exceptional contributicns" to the'mission of the arsenal.

Since 1951, when she entered the Civil Service career system, she hasprogressed from a Grade 3 computer operator to the GS-ll level, essentiallyby improving her capabilities by night-school courses in mathematics anddata processing COllrs"",, at U.S. Government installations and the Univer­sities d Rochester, Michigan and California at Los Angeles.

Working in an organization of professional physicists, she has become,according to her sllperiors, the "indispensible link between optical physicistsand high-speed electronic computers" in design of military optical andelectro-optical fire control instruments.

In addition to operating small in-house computers for design of opticalcomponents, she is credited with "highly significant contributions to severalimportant military projects, including devel­opment of the M18 infrared binocular, theday-night far infrared periscope, and cameraoptics for the Cheyenne helicopter."

Awarded a Sustained Superior Performancerating in 1967, she was nominated for thearsenal's Woman of the Year distinction byher supervisor, Marvin Elnick, for a "sus­tained record of exceptional leadership quali­ties, technical achievements and career self­development without detracting from herrole as wife, mother and participant in com·munity activities."

Judge Juanita Kidd Stout, guest speaker atthe prSllentation dinner, lauded Mrs. Greshamalong with other women who have contributedimportantly to betterment of American society. Esther M. Gresham

Va., received the AM for partici.pating in more than 25 aerial missionsfrom Nov. 18, 1968 to Apr. 3, 1969.

Now serving as an R&D coordinatorin the Marine and Bridge Division,Capt Nic!lols was cited for "thehighest order of air discipline ... inspite of the hazards inherent in reopeated aerial flights over hostile terri.tory."

JOINT SERVICE. SISgt KmnethF. Whitcon,b, a member of the nuclearpower training class at the U.S.Army Engineer Reactors Group(USAERG), Fort Belvoir, Va., re­ceived the Joint Service Commenda­tion Medal for service from Jan. 3,1965 to Aug. 14, 1969, as communica­tions noncommissioned officer of FieldUnit "B," Communications SupportElement, U.S. Strike Command.

COMMENDATIONS. Certificatesfor the Outstanding PerformanceRating in OCRD recently wereawarded to:

Plans and Programs, Managementand Evaluation Division. Mrs. Pris­ciUa S. Banks, Mrs. Elinor J. Rous­seau (with Sustained Superior Per·formance Award), Mrs. Frances R.Hartman, Mrs. Frances L. Jones(with Quality Step Increase). PlansDivision, Mrs. Mary E. Jackson (withSustained Superior Performance

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 29

(Continued from page 1)States, United Kingdom, Canada andAustralia, representatives of defenseR&D establishments from the othermember nations also participate.

Forty-one of the papers selected forpresentation in 1970 have only oneauthor. but the increasing trendtoward team effort is rellected by atotal of 195 authors, with one papercoauthored by 8 persons. The supple­mental papers have a total of 48 au­thors, with nine being the work of in­dividual investigators.

Seventy-three of the papers chosenfor presentation are representative ofresearchers in U.S. Army MaterielCommand laboratories. The Office ofThe Surgeon General and the Office ofthe ClUef of Engineers have 10 paperseacb. Seven are authored by personnelin other agencies. For the first time,two papers will report on researchconducted at the United States Mili­tary Academy.

Each of the proponent agencies se­lected the papers to be presented byevaluating tbe narrative summaries.A select panel of judges. representa­tive of leaders in the major scientificdisciplines, will select the papers to berecognized by special awards at theconference.

Titles of the papers to be presented,the supplemental papers, authors andthe agencies they represent are as fol­lows:

OFFICE, SURGEON GENERAL-Investigation of a New Disease ofMilita.ry Dogs, by Robert M. Nims,David L. Huxsoll, Paul K.. Hilde­brandt and Jerry S. Walker, WalterReed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR), Wasbington. D.C.; A Re­search Cmtcept fOI' the Interpretation01 Human Mi.sile Wounde by thePathologist, by Col Pierre A. Finck,Armed Forces Institute of Pathology,Washington, D.C.; and

Tactical Implications of the PhyBio­logical StreBS Impo.ed by ChemicalBiological (CB) Protective ClothingSlI.telns. by Dr. Ralph F. Goldman,U.S. Army Research Institute of En­vironmental Medicine (USARIEM).Natick, Mass.; The Effect of Diet onJa;unal Enzyme. in Man, by ColRobert H. Herman, Dr. Norton S. Ro­aensweig, Capt Fred B. Stilel and Dr.Yaye F. Herman, Fitzsimons GeneralHospital, Denver, Colo.; and

Observations on Early Detectionand Therapy of the Defibrination Syn­drome in Meningococcemia, by Maj C.L. Lutcher, Maj L. A. Lindesmith.Maj F. S. Pettyjohn, Capt W. T.Steudel. Capt T. B. Dunkel, Lt Col J.A. Ionno and Lt Col E. B. Cooper,Madij'an General Hospital, Tacoma.

Judges Select 121 Papers for 1970 ASCWash;. Biological EffectB of Staphylo­coccal Enterotoxin B. by Col Dan Cro­zier and Lt Col Harry G. Dangerfield.U.S. Medical Research Institute of In­fectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Md.;

A S tndy of the Military Blood Pro­gram in War and Peace, by Col Ri­chard B. Krakaur, Military BloodProgram Agency, Washington, D.C.;Obstaclee in O",ygen Transport Ob­served During Ael'omedlcal Evacua­tion, by Brig Gen George Hayes, LtCol Temo Matsumoto and Maj JohnN. Henry, WRAIR; and

Comparative Analysis of Mandib­ular and Mid-Face Fractures in Mis­Bile and Blount Trauma: 1,,012 case8.by L. E. Tinder and G. E. Lilly, Let­terman Army Institute of Research,San Francisco, Calil.; RethtalDamage by Q-Switched Ruby LaBer,by Maj George H. Bresnick, MajEdwin S. Beatrice. Maj Maurice B.Landers and Capt James O. Powell,Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS-FarField Characteristics of Ground ShockInduced by Eo:plosions, by J. Drakeand A. Sakurai, U.S. Army EngineerWaterways Experiment Station(WES), Vicksburg, Miss.; HydraulicCharacteristicB of Inter-OceanicCanals With Intermediate Basins, byDr. J. Harrison and Dr. G. H.Keulegan. WES; and

Re.ponB6 of Selected Materials toHigh-Speed Fmgment Impact, byJerry W. Brown. WES; Creation ofMassive Offshore Surf Zones by Un­derwat.r Explosions. by R. W.Whalen and John N. Strange, WES;S01"e Mechanical Properties of RockBill Cold Environments. by MalcolmMellor, U.S. Army Cold Regions Re­search and Engineering LaboratorY(CRRELl, Hanover. N.H.; and

A Deterministic View of Spectrumand CroBB-Spectrum Analy.is, by Dr.D. Lee Harris. U.S. Army Coastal En­gineering Research Center, Wash­ington, D.C.; Applications of SensingArrays to Photogrammetry and Me­trology. by Dr. Desmond C. O'Connorand Pi-Fusy Chen, U.S. Army Engi­neer Topographic Laboratories(ETL), Fort Belvior, Va.; and

Advanced Computational Algo­rithms fO?' Large Scale, Three Dimen­sional. Artillery Survey Applications,by Lawrence A. Gambino, ETL; De­terminatIon of Latitude and Longi­tude of Unknown Stations From Pho­tographs of a Satellite Against StellarBackg"ound Independent of Any Dis­tance, by Dr. Aguel A. Baldini. ETL;A Concept of Row Cratsr Enhance­ment by Bruce B. Redpath, U.S.Army Engineer Nuclear CrateringGroup, Livermore, Calif.

OTHER R&D AGENCIES-AnInvestigation of the Dynamic Pres­sure Respollse of Flue,'io Transmis­swn Lines, by Dr. Larry C. Atha. U.S.Army Advanced Ballistic Missile De­fense Agency (ABMDA), Huntsville,Ala.; Tactics in the Development OfMine Detector Dogs, by John J.Romba, U.S. Army Limited War Lab­oratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground,Md.; and

Phase Behavior in Fluid Mixturesat High Pressure I: (Expe,-imental) ,by Lt Col William B. Streett and MajJames L. E. Hill, U.S. Military Aca­demy (USMAl, West Point, N.Y.;ABM Discrimination Technology, byLyle McDysan and Elmer Mitehel1.ABMDA; Reentry Measurements Pro­gram, by Donald S. Russ and MiltonC. Hawie, ABMDA; and

The Application of a Solid StateHelium-Neon Gas Lase?' to MissileGuidance, by W. H. Gibson, ABMDA;The Effect of Undijfe"entiated MMSPunishment on the CoheBiveness of theGroup and the A ttractivenes8 of theRebel, by Maj William B. Selley,USMA.

ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND-~'Tet,.a-CoTe" : A Three-Df.menBionaJSpace Struoture, by I. E. Figge Sr.,U.S. Army Aviation Materiel Labora­tories, Fort Eustis, Va.; Night VisionViewers Using Thermal Techniques.by William S. Sims and Patrick J.Daly, Night Vision Laboratory, FOrtBelvoir, Va.; and

The Insignificant Twig which Cries"AlaMn" when the Enemy MovesDown the Jungle Trails. by John P.Schoening. Electronics Command(ECOM), Fort Monnlouth. N.J.; Fea­sibility Study. R. F. Detonation ofCommand Detonated and Pressure­Electric Mines, by Samuel Stiber andGeorge Haber. ECOM; and

An Electro-Magnetic Technique forWire Location, by Ralph L. Du.nn,ECOM; The Development of aKalman Filtering Algorithm forHybrid. Navigation Systems for ArmyA ireralt, by Capt J. A. Knight.ECOM; Automated Raw Environ­mental Data Processing, by WilliamA. Huber, ECOM; Analysis and Ap­plication of Gallium Arsenide Ava­lanche Transit Time Devices, by J. J.Baranowski and V. J. Higgins.ECOM; and

Neodymium YAG Laser for OptioalRadar Applications, by J. W. Strozykand V. J. Rosati, ECOM; A New Ap­proach to Detection of Enemy An".Caches, by Gerhart K. Gaule andDonald Foiani. ECOM; Threshold Ef­fects of Che/mical Mixtures in theHCN Laser, by Maj T. R. Mooney, G.E. Morris, H. Jacobs, and C.S. Brand,ECOM; Reduotion of Biological Ef­fectivene.s of X-RaYB at Very High.. ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZrNE DECEMBER 1969

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TACSAT I Provides Apollo 12 Communications Link

DOBe Raus, by Stanley Kronenberg,Robert A. Lux and Kristian Nilson,ECOM;and

A Lightweight Electronic ScanningRadar, by H. N. Tate, ECOM; A Sim­ilarity Model faT a Planeta1'YBoundary Layer with Horizontal Var­iatiom, by W. B. Ohmstede, Atmos­pheric Sciences Laboratory, Fort Hu­achuca, Ariz.; A MQ'Te RigorousE",pression for the Rate of Droplet(}rowth, by Richard D. H. Low, WhiteSands Missile Range, N. Mex.; OpenCycle Hydrocarbon-Air Fuel CellPower Plant, by E. A. Gillis, O. F.Kezer and W. G. Taschek, U.S. ArmyMobility Equipment R&D Center(MERDC), Fort Belvoir, Va.; and

A TheQ'Tetical and ExperimentalEvaluation of a Bicemical AnU'nnaNuclear Elecl1'omagnetic Pulse Simu­lator, by Janis KIebel'S and StanleyBukalski, MERDC; Ezper;"nentalSuperconducting Alternators withIron-Core and Iron-Free Armatures,by Carl Heise and James H. Ferrick,MERDC; Testing for an OrganicSuperconductQ'T, by Forest J. Agee Jr.and Glenn E. Spangler, MERDC; and

Simu'ation of Ionized Air With anArtifieial Dielectric, by William Grayand George Merkel, MERDC; Polari­zation Agility for Radar Glint Reduc­tion: Ezperim.ental Program; by JohnHatcher, Missile Command (MTCOM),Redstone ArseIUlI, Ala.; ThermallyStable Organometatuc Polymers, byShe1ba P. Brown. MTCOM; and

La.er Mode Coupling Produeer bySinusoidal Cavity-Length Modulation,by Albert L. Pardue, MICOM; EchoA nlplification in Magnetie Materialswith Applieation to Pmse Compres­sion Radar, by A. C. Daniel, B. D.Guenther and C. R. Christensen,MICOM; On the Propagatlem of HighInu1l8ity, Relativistie EleetronBeams, by Thomas G. Roberts,MICOM; and

Huntan Ineapacitatiol! Produced byBurns, by Robert R. Ingram Jr., Ray­mond F. McHugh Jr. and James H.Lewis, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.; ANew, Simple, Direct, and UltrllBensi­tive Method for the Detection of Am­monia and AUphat·ie Amines, byDavid N. Kramer and John M. Seeh,Edgewood Arsenal; and

Conformational Studies on theAetive Siu of Acetyleholinesterase byElectron Parmagnetic Ruonance, byJoel D. Morrisett, Clarence A. Broom­field and Brennie E. Hackley Jr.,Edgewood Arsenal; TemporaryCavity Effects in Blood Vessel Injuryby High Velocity MIssiles, by MajJoseph J. Amato, Lt Col NormanRich, Maj Noel S. Lawson, CaptRonald O. Gruber and Capt LawrenceJ. Billy, Edwood Arsenal; and

Denver Earthquake, by Louis E.

Garono, Edgewood Arsenal; GenetieTransformation m the Genus Pasteu­rella, by Franklyn J. Tyeryar Jr. andWilliam D. Lawton, Fort Detrick,Md.; Pathogeneses, Prophylazis, andTherapy of an Incapacitating Disease,by H. T. Eigelsbach, R. B. Hornick, R.L. Schricker, W. A. Hankins and W.R. Griffith, Fort Detrick; and

Optimi:«l.tion Analysis of a CompactL,ghtwcight Laser Rangefinder, by J.Costantino, D. Reago and C. Ponte,Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.;The Nature and Formation of theBond in the Ezplosive Bonding ofMetals, by James F. Kowalick, Frank­ford Arsenal; Mathematical Medel forProjectile Body, by F. Shinaly, Frank­ford Arsenal; and

M16 Rifle/AmmunItion MalfunctionModeling, by H. Greveris, FrankfordArsenal; New Techniques for Entryinto Ezplosive Warheads, by W. B.Steward and J. D. Corrie, FrankfordArsenal; Effect of Environment onCrack Propagation in High StrengthSteel, by J. V. Rinnovatore and J. D.Corrie, Frankford Arsenal; and

An E",perimental Investigation ofFlu"";c E",plosive Ign,tion Device, byA. Corrado, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover,N.J.; The Preparatiem and Propertiesof New Ozidizgrs for Propellanu;NH,CIOl-KC". and NH,CIO,­NH.NO. Mio:ed CrystalB, by Scott 1.Morrow, Pica.tinny Arsenal; GaseoUBllluminant Pryotechnic Sysums, byA. D. Kirshenbaum and F. R. Taylor,Picatinny Arsenal; and

Lattie. Dynam:eB of Light-M.talAzides, by R. D. Mical, H. J. Prask,H. Rafinzadeh, K. R. Roa, S. Trevinoand S. Yip, Picatinny Arsenal; L 'nearSuspenBion Sysum Parameter Identi­fieution, by James W. Grant andGlenn A. Jackson, U.S. Army Tank-

Tactical Communications Satellite(TACSAT) I and strategically locatedairborne, land, sea and shipboard ter­minals provided the primary commu­nications link between the USSHornet and mission control inHouston during Apollo 12 splashdown.

Success of this recovery operationmatched that of the same communica­tions set-up for Apollo 11. The tac­tical satellite communications systemis a joint R&D venture of the Army,Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps.

TACSAT I is a 1,60o-pound syn­chronous satellite "parked" 22,000miles above the equator. Launched inFebruary 1969, it is designed to testthe potential foI' satellite communica­tions for military field forces.

An in-depth feasibility test programis now in progress to determine thetechnical capabilitites and develop the

Automo,tive Command, Warren,Mich.; Evaluation of Automatie FireEffectiveness of Snw.ll Arms WeapO?18Systems in an Operational Environ.ment, by Ronald D. Klein and ColCharles B. Thomas, Fort Benning,Ga.; and

Kinentaties of Diffusion, Fluids andPlaBma by Continuous Movement andFiniu Velocitios, by Ronald E. Myers,Deseret Test Center, Fort Douglas,Utah; The Determination of Alumi­num and Chlorine in Composite Pro·pellants by Non-Destructive Activa­tion Analysis Using a Mizture of 14.5MeV and Slow Neutrons, by AlexHarrison and A, E. Richardson,WSMR; and

The Role of Fraeture Toughnessand Residual Stresses in the Fatigueand Fraclure Behavior of LargeThick-Walled Pres,"~re VeBsels, by T.E. Davidson, J. F. Throop and A. N.Reiner, Watervliet Arsenal, N.Y.; An.isotropy of Fatigue Craek Propaga­tion in Hot Rolled Banded Steel Plate,hy Francis A. Heiser, WatervlietArsenal; and

Development of a MathematiealModel for Use in Designing Func­tional Controls of a Soft-Recoil Mech­aniBm, by J. W. Frantz and M. C.Nerdahl, Weapons Command(WECOM), Rock Island, Ill.; Mechan­ical Dispersion of a Machine GunSystem with Stochastic ExcitatiO?18,by H. M. Hung, WECOM; HolographioInspection of Laminau Bonds, by R.J. Iversen, J. W. McGarvey and L. B.Gardner, WECOM; and

MIlBS Flow Velocity and In-FlightThrust Measuremenu by Ion Deflec­tion, by 1st Lt R. S. Rudland andRande Vause, Army Aeronautical Re­search Laboratory, Moffett Field,

(Continued em page !J2)

operational procedures required. Coor­dinated tests are being performedunder direction of the TACSATCOMJoint Service Test Directorate, locatedat HQ Army SATCOM Agency, FortMonmouth, N.J. The directorate isheaded by a representative of the AirForce, with Army and Navy deputies.

The Apollo 12 communicationseffort was an important part of thetests, designed to demonstrate the ca­pability of satellite communicationswith portable terminals to provide flex­ible, high-quality, reliable communica­tions, on demand, in an environmentsimilar to joint service operations.

For further information on theTACSATCOM program, Apollo 11 as­sistance, and terminals used in theprogram, see A;'my R&D NewlJ'Tftaga.zine, August-September 1969, pp. 10,26; and March 1969, pp. 11, 86.

L··

I

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 31

I

Foreig n Scientists Attend

chanics Research Center (AMMRC),Watertown. Mass.; and

Use of Activation Analysis for De­termining Weight of Pellet in M84Primers, by F. C. Burna, G. L. Priestand H. F. Priest, AMMRC; RubberToughened Acrylic Polymers forArmor Applications, by R. W. Lewis,M. E. Roylance and G. R. Thomas,AMMRC; "Gradient Armor," by CaptJ. Sighlich and Capt T. Rankin,AMMRC.

Scientists from England, Germanyand Switzerland were among guestspeakers at the 13th annual OrganicChemistry Conference spcnsored bythe National Academy of Sciences-Na­tional Research Council, Oct. 7-8, atthe U.S. Army Natick Laboratories.

Prof. Duilio Arigoni, conferencedinner speaker, discussed "Scme Ster­eochemical Aspects of BiochemicalTransformations." Associated withthe Eidgenoissiche Technische Hoch­schule, Zurich, Switzerland, he is cur­rently visiting professor at PennState and Harvard Universities. In1968 he was the Falk Plant lecturerat Columbia University.

Prof. Allen W. Johnson, Universityof Sussex, England, presented a paper

Supplemental papers follow:OFFICE, SURGEON GENERAL--­

The Effects of Muscular Exercise onN euro8'IIdocrine Secreti...., by Lt ColLeeRoy G. Jones, Maj L. HowardHartley, Capt R. P. Hogan and Dr.Martin J. Gerben, USARIEM; Prop­erties 01 n-Butyl-a-CyanoacrylateRestorative Materials, by Lt ColSimon Civjan, U.S. Army Institute ofDental Research, Washington, D.C.;The Friction Blister, by Col WilliamA. Akers and Dr. Marion B. Sulz­berger, Letterman Army Institute ofResearch.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS-FieldTest of a Stream Condensed HeatSI'II1< Concept, by W. Quinn, H. Aamotand M. Greenberg, CRREL; A Mathe­,"atical Analysis of the Propagationand Reflection of Plane Electromag­netic Waves in a Non-Homogenous Iso­tropic Medium, by Richard A. Hev­enor, ETL; Rapid Assessment of Air­craft Landing Sites, by Ricbard G.Ahlvin and George M. Hammitt II,WES.

OTHER R&D AGENCIES-Con­trollable Rocket Motor for ABM In­terceptor Missile, by Dr. Lewis J.Hurt, ABMDA; Systematic Applica­tion of Simulation Models to WeaponSystems Development, by Ronald S.Morris, Red River Army Depot, Tex-

Natick NAS Meeton "The Anti-Tubercular AntibioticViomycin and Related Compounds."The topic of Prof. Sigfried Hunig,Universitat Wurzburg, Germany, was"Weit""Type Redox Systems withStable Radical Ions."

Among other featured presentationswere: "Organometallic Rare EarthSandwich Complexes," Prof. AndrewStreitwieser, Ulliversity of Californiaat Berkeley; "Conformational Anal­ysis in Heterocyclic Systems," Prof.Ernest L. Eli'll, University of NotreDame; and "The Electronic Struc­ture of Methylenes," Prof. RoaldHoffman, CODnell University.

The conference moderator was Dr.Louis Long, head of the OrganicChemistry Group, Natick Labs.

arkana, Tex.; Social Status Variablesin the Military and Their Effect 01.Expressing Aggre88Lon, by Maj Wil­liam Baker II, USMA.

ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND-Atmospheric Transfer Functionsfor Laser Propagation, by EdwardCollett, ECOM; Investigation ofRadar Anomalies, by W. Fishbein, E.L. Frost and W. Vander Meer,ECOM; Impr01Jed SenS01'S forThermal Imaging, by Wolfgang Elser,Juergen L. W. Pohlmann, Reinhard D.Ennulat, Louis M. Cameron, PhillipR. Boyd, Clifford W. Chapman andLynn E. Garn, Nigbt Vision Labora­tor": and

Direct Solutinn of Com"lellJ CrystalStructures by Electron Microscopy, hyJ. A. Koun, C. F. Cook Jr. and D. W.Eckart, ECOM; The CharacteristicCoefficients Technique for Probability.Models of Wind Profiles in MissileDesign and Environment Analysis, byO. ESBellwanger, MICOM; and

Physical Model for the Penetration01 Clothing by Chemical Agents, byHarry A. Brown Jr., John J. Cal­lahan, Eduard Wulkow, Elwin C.Penski and Donald R. Bowie, Edge­wood Arsenal; Lumineecence of Ni­troaromatia Molecules, by I ngo W.May, BRL; DetGnation P"essureMeasurements in TNT and Octol, byR. L. Jameson, BRL; and

Microclimate-Controlled (Thermal­ibrium) Clothing Systems lor Mili­tary Applications, by L. A. Spano andV. D. Iacono, NLABS; Development~. ".... 'P'~. "'''~''mentat;-n ShellSteel, by P. V. Rimn and E. Kinas,AMMRC; The Use of MartensiteMaterialll in the Design of ThermallyActivated Sprillgs, by F. Rothwarf, A.Auerbach and D. Ford, FrankfordArsenal; Chemiluminescent OrganicPhosphides, by G. P. Sol1ott, J. L.Snead and R. A. Strecker, FrankfordArsenal.

Judges Pick 121 Papers for 1970 ASC(Continued from page $1)

Calif.; Predlctio" of High VelocitySolid Propellant Gu" Performance byGas Dy7l.ltmic Computer Program, byPaul G. Baer, Ballistic Research Lab­oratories (BRL), Aberdeen ProvingGround, Md.; and

Detonation Structure in CoMe7l.8edPhase EllJploeives, by Capt P. M.Howe, BRL; The Effect of Structure0" Radia.tion Chemioal Reactivity, byNathan Klein, Nuclear Effects Lab­oratory, Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal;Reactio7l.B of Target Matemls to At­tack by Particulate Shaped ChargeJets, by A. Merendino and R. Vitali,BRL; Predictio71.8 of Shaped ChargeWarhead Lethality Effectiveness, byJulius Simon and Robert DiPersio,BRL;

The Generatio" and Penetratio"Charactel'iBtiC8 of HLgh DensityShaped Charge Jets, by J. M. Reganand G. H. Jonas, BRL; Electrophys­iological Measures of CI'oss-SensoryInteraction in the Central N ervcusSystem, by Lynn C. Oatman, HumanEngineering Laboratories, AberdeenProving Ground, Md.; WOUM Dataand Munitions Effectiveness as Basedupon Battlefield Surveys in Vietnam,by Col Joseph R. Blair and JosephSperra~a, Edgewood Arsenal and Ab­erdeen Proving Ground; and

A Study of the Internal and EIlJ­ternal Flow Field Assooia.tsd withParachutes During Inflation, by Greg­ory C. DeSantis, Natick Laboratories(NLABS), Natick, Mass.; Alterationof Tast" Qualities through NaturalProducts, by Linda M. Bartoshuk,NLABS; T-T Indicating Systems, byK. H. Hu and J. D. Loconti, NLABS;

New Foods for Military Use. APhysico-Chemical Approach to Re­search and Developmsnt, by John G.Kapsalis, John E. Walker Jr. andMax Wolf, NLABS; Modern Coun­ter-Surveillance in Combat Clothing,by A. O. Ramsley, NLABS; InternalElectromagnetic Pulses in IrradiatedEnclosures, by J. A. Rosado, R. M.Gilbert, W. L. Vault and J. E. Tomp­kins, Harry Diamond Laboratories(HDL), Washington, D.C.; and

A Fluerlc Oscillator for MilitaryTimer Applications, by Carl J.Campagnuolo and Stacy E. Gehman,HDL; Computer Operated AutomaticFuze Testing Systems, by Roger P.Chase, HDL; An Ezperimental Conl­parison of Some Doppler RadarClutter Reducticn Techniques, by J.D. Goorge, HDL; Ezploitation ofContoured Double Cantilever BeamSpecimens in Crack Growth andArrest Studies, by Joseph 1. Bluhm,Bennett E. Gordon Jr. and Robert J.Morrissey, Army Materials and Me-

32 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

TACOM Developing Field Simulation System for Testing Vehicles

normal requirement for complete ve­hicular prototype development priorto experimental propulsion systemtesting can be avoided.

Simulation testing provides theArmy with a method for rating anumber of competitive propulsion sys­tems for a particular vehicular appli­cation. All power trains operateagainst a known field work cycle,which makes it possible to determinethe propulsion system with the bestover-all durability and performance.

Performance in simulation testingis measured by maximum torque,horsepower, field consumption (miles!gallon), oil consumption (qt!100miles), and the propulsion response tocontrolled driver input commands.

All these performance parameterscannot be readily determined in fieldoperation without special test equip­ment and procedures. However, theycan be acquired as standard data inUSATACOM Propulsion SystemsLaboratory (PSL).

Durability can be readily deter­mined with simulation testing byfailure incident rate. This has beenindicated in previous field durabilitycorrelation tests conducted at Yuma(Ariz.) Proving Ground and at PSL,with the XM520E2 (GOE-R) propul­sion system operated in accordancewith simulated Yuma field conditions.

Simulation tests can reduce develop­ment costs, as demonstrated in thelaboratory with two power packs op­erated simultaneously by one techni­cian. By testing only the propulsionsubsystem, the cost of "down time" inmaintaining other vehicular compo­nents, such as tires, frame compo­nents, shock absorbers and similarsupport items, is reduced.

Eliminated also is the need for alarge number of expensive prototypevehicles since experimental propulsionsystems may be tested in the sameway in the laboratory for simulationof field conditions considered most sig­nificant.to its life cycle.

Operating under simulated condi­tions, the test specimen experiencesspeed, torque, power, and ambienttempem.tures similar to actual fieldoperations. Environmental conditions

(Continued on page $~)

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Peter C. Manning has beex a tat f!7lginee.,­in the Pou-er Systems Evaluation Di.n.ioll of theUnited States Arnty Tonk Automotive Command'sPropulsion Svstems Laboratory 'ow the past fouryears. Manning rrreived a BS degr.e in physicsfrom Mkkigan State University i'l 1964 and aBS degree in mechanical engillBBring 'romWayne Stat. UniveTsity i7t 1966.

1

phisticated data acquisition retrievalsystems.

The dynamic nature of field simula­tion testing requires equipment thatmust respond and control conditionsby instantaneous stimuli from boththe test specimen and recorded fielddata. The purpose is to complementfield testing of propulsion subsystemsunder similar environmental condi­tions.

Advantages of simulation testingare in the reduction of engineering de­velopment lead-time and developmentcosts. Because experimental propul­sion systems can be operated againstfield work profiles unique to the ve­hicle in which they would operate, the

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By Peter C. Manning

Dynamic engineering design testingof U.S. Army vehicles and automotivecomponents was done until rP<'entlv bvsubjecting them to actual field condi­tions at Army proving grounds. In thepast four years, however, the Arm)"Tan k - Aut 0 mot i V e Command(TACOM) has been developing a fieldsimulation endurance system fortesting propulsion subsystems in vehi­cles and mock-ups.

Although this research and develop­me.nt program is incomplete, testshave provided detailed information onan engine-driveline's durability andperformance characteristics under dy­namic, simulated field conditions.

All tests are conducted in the highlycontrolled and observable environmentof the Propulsion Systems Laboratory(PSL) dynamometer test cells at HQUSATACOM, Warren, Mich. Thisnew facility has increased the PSL'sextensive vehicular testing capability,and bas added a new area of scientificinvestigation to the USATACOM's so-

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 33

TACOM Developing Field Simulation Testing System

'OW<NU

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FM signal on each tape channel 97percent of the time. This digiti..ingsystem has a long sample time as can·trasted to the high-speed, analog-to­digital converters often used in digitaldata reduction systems.

High-speed converters often createerrors due to the small aperture timeinherent in the conversiun process. Inaddition to eliminating this problem,the direct method of extracting fieldsignals from the tape bypasses theFM reprodUCed electronics which mustbe tuned to perform ~atisfactorily.

The digital oomputer collects thedata from the counters in 30 millisec­onds, and converts it into engineeringdata by the linearization and offset­ting of the normal center frequencyon the magnetic tape.. Following this,the computer interfaces with thehigh.speed digital punch, and logs thedata during the succeeding 970-milli­second sample period. The punch tapeis then read back off-line into the com­puter, and logged in typewritten formas shown in Figure 2.

Digital data is further proeessed toobtain time-density distribution ofspeed and torque conditions duringoperation. This information is usedfor setting the 15 dynamometer loadconditions in simulation equipment.

After presetting these 10adB, thethrottle-control panel is set in 10 per­cent power increments. To operate andselect combinations of these presetconditions, a tape program is W?ittenand punched to program the simulatedfield conditions into the dynamometerteat cell equipment.

The maximum rate of the punchtape through the equipment controlleris one step per second. Step time isprogramable from one second to 10minutea. The maximum 8tep is com­parable with the minimum time con-

FIc. 3. PSL F1dd n... Redactl... S..tom

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The digital reduction system shownin Figure 3 is independent of theanalog system. FM frequencies re­corded on the magnetic tape are sentdirectly into six preset frequencycounters. The binary coded decimaldata at the counters is then trans­mitted into a high-speed digital com­puter, converted to engineering data,and logged by a high-speed tapepunch.

A crystal-controlled standard fre­quency, recorded on one track of themagnetic tape during the field opera­tion, serves as the timing clock: for thedigital reduction system. This fre­quency i8 used to control tbe time baseof the preset counters and a presetdigital controller. The controller de­termines the sampling rate of thecounters.

Use of a crystal frequency providesultra-precise on-line control for digi­tizing. It also cancels the effect of in­stability caused by changes in thetape recorder's capstan speed whenthe machine is exposed to severe envi­ronmental accelerations of a vehicle infield operation, as well as speed fluc­tuations in the tape playback system.The gate time is set for 970 millisec­onds, with the repetitive sample rateof the counters at one per second.

Counters provide integration of the

(CrmtintUd from page 33)can be alteNd to permit 120· F. am­bient temperatures, 20-mile-per-hourwind velocity and simulated solar in­frared radiation equivalent to 360 Btuper square foot per hour.

To collect field data for the simu­lated teats, an FM magnetic tape N­corder is placed on a vehicle to recordthe needed information while the ve­hicle is operating over selectedcoursBS. In the Propulsion SystemsLaboratory, the data is Nduced intoanalog and digital forms to determinethe dynamic conditions which the ve­hicle experienced on the selectedcourses. Examples are shown in Fig­ures 1 and 2. A block diagram of thecomplete data reduction system isshown in Figure 3.

The analog data i8 recorded on an8-channel ink pen recorder. Engineand transmission speeds, recorded inthe form of frequencies, are convertedto analog voltage levels by frequency­voltage converters and routed to theink pen recorder.

Transmission torque and pNssuresignals pass through low-frequencyfilters which attenuate frequencies inexcess of ten Hz. The purpose of thesefilters is to eliminate the high-fre­quency torsional vibration pNssurepulsations transmitted by the engine.

.Time Sp••d ,"ow.r '.rc.n' Engine Treln•. Tork Pilton

(Second.) (Mi. Hr.) (8HP) Power Ratio (RPM) (RPM) (lb. Ft.) (MlI••)1 .0 .0 .0 snsn 706. ·15. .012 .. •• .0 nnss 834• 189. .033 •• .. .0 nun 1213• 682. .U4 .a U 85.9 '11.83 1108. 27. JOn. .•78 .2 2.8 31.0 148.22 2375. 11. 91•• .106 1.8 18.0 SO.I 22.IS 2161. 117. 801. .147 9.9 107.S 73.4 1.10 2758. 892. IU. .188 1U 1412.9 8406 J.95 2145. 1207. 622. .219 14.8 1&2.5 91.7 1.91 2582. IUD. '37. .25

11 11.1 141.4 8U 1.78 2583. 1458. 521. .2811 17.2 U5.1 77.' l.41 218•. 1554. U3. .1213 18.2 112.0 91.6 U9 2277. 1&45. 517. .3'U 19.2 156.2 91.2 U8 2391. 17U. 478. .a814 20.0 126.9 71.9 1.<&1 2542. 1810. U8. .n15 20.9 155.8 87.0 l.39 2625. 1890. 438. .41II 21.6 176.9 07.1 1.39 nos. 19.5. 473. .6'17 n.s 145.3 79.2 1.40 2811. 2019. 118. .5'18 n .• 153.9 84.4 U3 n60. 20BS. 388. .5719 23.7 172.4 108.5 1.00 2181. lUI. 423. .112. 24,3 155.9 96.a 1.00 2192. 2195. 873. ...21 24.8 lU.8 87.7 1.01 nn. 2148. U8. .612Z 25.4 154.8 9U 1.00 nos. 2302. 853. .702S 26.0 182.8 '5.2 1.00 28". 2355. 'S8. .7424 2&.6 152.5 89.0 1.00 2400. !U3. U8. .7725 17.1 155.2 38.4 1.00 2452. 2451. 528. .8026 27.6 167.7 as.' 1.00 2490. 24'4. aS8. .8427 28.0 170.6 95.8 1.00 2532. 2537. 353. .8828 ~~.5 Us.a 89,f 1.00 2583. 2579. 3n. .91U 29.0 163.9 91.8 1.00 2&19. 2622. 328. .9580 29.S 168.1 93.5 1.00 2147. 2649. sn. .9981 2U 165.0 9l.4 1.00 2677. 2681. 323. 1.0352 29.• 156.4 8U 1.10 2709. 27.7. S03. 1.07U 30.2 118.3 9U 1.00 %731. 2734. SU. 1.1114 3U 172.9 OU 1.00 2758. 2766. 328. 1.1435 'D.8 1&1.0 88.0 1.00 2788. 2733. 808. 1,18.. 31.0 1&2.0 88.4 1.00 2804. 28U. 80s. 1.2211 81.2 115.• 90.2 1.00 2820. 2820. 808. UI.8 11.5 153.7 8'.' 1.00 2848. 2845. 284. 1.30., 31.6 151.5 82.3 1.00 2858. 2851. 279. 1.8540 U.S 141.0 76.6 1.00 2814. 2858. 259. 1.3941 31.7 119.5 61.9 1.0. 2868. 2868. 21•• J.4542 31.8 1S2.' 72.0 1.01 28U. 2857. 244. 1.474S Sl.G 146.4 79.5 I ••' 2861. 2882. 289. 1.5144 31.6 us.• 71.6 1.00 2866. 2862. 2". 1.5545 81.6 1n.0 6&.2 1.00 2868. 2862. 22«. 1.59

Fig. 2. PSL Digital Data Reduction

34 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS l\lAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969

STRATCOM Commanders Hold Annual Meet at Huo(hu(o

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power package durability and per­formance characteristics. It also offersPSL engineering personnel better in­sight into the dynamic conditions af­fecting vehieular propulsion systemsin field operation.

tbe US. Army Electronic Commandat Fort Monmouth, N.J., was a guestspeaker, along with Brig Gen RichardC. Horne III, commandant, SignalSchool and Center at Fort Monmouth,lind Col Edward E. Moran, comman­dant, Signal School. Fort Gordon, Ga.

Enlisted men's activities were alsoin the spotlight during the week asSTRATCOM's Command SergeantMajor Charles R. Sutey hosted morethan a dozen sergeants major fromthe command in their second annualworldwide meeting. The top NCOs dis­cussed a variety of plltns and pro­grams of interest to the STRAT­COM's nearly 30,000 enlisted men.

AVLABS Award $480,000 ContractFor Centrifugal Type Compressor

Desian. I.brieation and tatln.. of • hiEh­PrN.ur...raUl) c~ntrifu... l cOmpreuor for unin sdvanr.ed small ••• turbine cD£"lnc. are·required under • '4aO,OOO untrad annOlJDeeb,. the U.. Arm,. Aviation Materiel Labore·toti9 at Fort Eutls. V•.

GeneraUy 10' efficient than axt.l floW' c=om...pre.on, the crntrilupl typ.e hu th. ad­nnt.,.d of .impUrlty. ruc..edJH,". a.nd low~lJt. Con.lder.ble t60rt h.. been expen.ded 1IIrKent Y\II!AU to impron opt-rational dtIidt.ne7of cC!Dui!ucal C'Ompreuon.

AVLABS proj«l mJlnft'r Robert A. Lan....worthy upl.ined tot lbe eentrifu-aal c:om­prt'!lSor allo hll1'l the advanta~e of rompruainl'air to hil'h prruure. In a .lnKIf!! abwe, ••umpand '0 ,everat ulal Iteao used to De.r~form lb. Ilatne Job with .. ~onvc.1\Uonal Dowromp.....!)T.

Objective 01 lhe pro&'.... '" under ""hl(.h thepreet and Whitney Aircraft Florida RD Cen~

tu will d....elop ~he etntrilu,.al c:ompreuor IIto brlnr toeether tbe mo.t ad\>anced de-lIlanc:rit~£I. and technique. e\tnentb .van.ble. ••a basill for future fmproveDlll'-ntl.

field data and simulation programstorage. A block diagram of the SYll­tem's main components is shown inFigure 4.

After development of necessarysoftware programs, the system willpermit closed-loop test cell controlwith the application of a reiterativetechnique used for creating the op­timum simulation program. It will bepossible to maintain continuous testspecimens monitoring and logging ofcritical simulation cycle parametersthrougb existing test cell digital dataacquisition aystems.

Parameters include: diatance, fueleoIlllumption, average power, and crit­ical temperatures and pressures. Max­imum cycle times will be increasedfrom minutes in the present system tohours in the system being constructed.The disk storage will allow 350,000words of storage. (The GOER testalone will require storage of 20,000words.)

PSL engineers expect the newtesting system to be operational some­time in FY 1970. Benefits of simula­tion field testing are already apparentalthough development work is incom­plete. It provides more detailed infor­mation than present methods on

Commanders of the U.S. ArmyStrategic Communications Command's(STRATCOM) far-flung communica­tions-electronics operations concludedtheir 6-day sixth annual Commanders'Conference Nov. 21 at Fort Huachuca,Ariz.

Some 30 commanders came fromVietnam, Alaska, Hawaii, Europe,Panama and STRATCOM elementswithin the continental United States.Discussion was centered on progressand actions necessary to insureSTRATCOM's ability to continue tomeet the Army's expanding demandsfor rapid, reliable, responsive commu­nications.

STRATCOM CG Maj Gen WilliamB. Latta welcomed the group andmembers of his headquarters staffwere among key speakers. Brig GenThomas M. Rienzi, CG of STRAT­COM's 1st Signal Brigade in Vietnam,spoke at a luncheon on Communica­tions in Southeast Asia.

Brig Gen 1. R. Obenchain Jr., CG ofthe Safeguard CommunicationsAgency, discussed the challenges ofdesigning, engineering, and installinga complete communications systemsfor the Saieguard ballistic missile de­fense system. Other commanders madepresentations eoncerning their com­mands.

Maj Gen Walter E. Lotz Jr., formerCG of STRATCOM who now heads

stants of the mechanical actuatorsand dynamometers used for simula­tion testing.

Two tests are in progress at thePropulsion Systems Laboratory. Oneinvolves two XM-520 (GOER) alter­nate power packages. One powerpackage has 662 hours, equivalent to11,702 miles of endurance, and thesecond has just begun simulationtesting.

In the second test, an M-39 5-tontruck is undergoing a driveline endur­ance test. Field data has been reducedinto analog form, and engineers arepresently obtaining transmission base­lIDe performance.

Field data used for the GOER testwas collected at the Army's YumaProving Ground, and in Vietnamduring a combat supply mission be­tween Plieku and Dalcto. Field data tobe used on the M-39 was recorded atthe Aberdeen (Md.) Proving Ground.

Concurrent with these tests, PSLengineers started a project ld.st yearto advance and improve simulationtest equipment and testing techniques.

Objectives of the system are toreduce the lead time and manhoursnecessary to develop simulation tapeprograms, and to provide more sophis­ticated control and monitoring of sim­ulated conditions.

The main component of the systemwill be a high-speed digital computerwith a large disk storage and re­trieval capacity for mass field data.This will permit on-line control of amultiple test cell system with complete

Reservist Completes C&GSCBy Special Permit as Civilian

Graduation a a civilian from theU.S. Army Command and GeneralStaff College is the unusual achieve­ment completed recently by BernardM. Ames, an Army Reservist em­ployed at the U.S. Army Combat De­velopments Command MaintenanceAgency, Aberdeen Proving Ground,Md.

The explanation is that he com­pleted 9 of the 10 required phases ofinstruction while on active duty, andthen was granted his request to com­plete the final phase of the residentnonresident course.

Currently employed as a logisticsanalyst, onc of his du~ies is to reviewand write requirements and doctrineof the Army in the field through thetime frame of 1986.

Until be entered U.S. Governmentcareer service in 1956 at the U.S.Army Ordnance School, AberdeenProving Ground, Md., Ames was anewspaper managing editor and tele­vi ion program director. He is a 1961journalism graduate of PennsylvaniaState Univ.

DECEMBER 1969 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 35

Among the five organizations citedfor outstanding achievements in costreduction and manal\'lllllent improve­ment during FY 69 is the U.S. ArmyWatervliet (N.Y.) Arsenal. Col Wil­liam Mulheron Jr., commander, re­ceived the citation which states, inpart, "The motivation, initiative anddedication exhibited by the personneland staff of Watervliet Arsenal gener­ated management improvements thatsaved $24,900,000 for the Departmentof the Army, far exceeding estab­lished goals.

"The exemplary performance . . .resulted from exceptionally well Ol'ga­nized programs and extensive applica­tion of cost reduction and manage·ment improvement principles...."

MICOM Awards $20 MillionFor Production of Chaparral

Continued production of Chaparralguided missile fire units and testequipment is the basis of a definitized$20,378,000 contract announced reocently by HQ U.S. Army Missile Com­mand, Redstone (Ala.) Arsenal.

Aeronutronic Division of Philco­Ford Corp., which had received $4.2million of the total under an earlieragreement, is the contractor. The Cha­parral was ordered into production in1966 and three purchase contractspreceded the new proeurement.

The air defense missile system con·sists of a launch and control assembly,vehicle, missiles and support equip­ment. The program is directed by theMissile Command Chaparral Manage­ment Office.

VlCE PRESIDE 'T piro T. Agnew presents citation toLionel P. Hernholm, equipment analyst with CDC, for con·tribution to the Department of Defense Cost Reductionand Management lmpro\'ement Program for FY 1969.

Dr. Roberl S. Wiseman

ECOM Deputy for Loborotories Elected os IEEE 'ellowHonors recognizing his outstanding achieve­

ments in developing night-vision devices thathave served to "take the night from Charlie"in South Vietnam are continuing to pile upfor Dr. Robert S. Wiseman.

The Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers announeed early in December thatDr. Wiseman, U.S. Army Electronics Com­mand Deputy for Laboratories, has beenelected an IEEE Fellow. The honor followedby approximately one year his receipt of a$5,000 award and the Arm)"s Exceptional Ci­vilian Service Award.

In June 1969, Secretary of Defense Lairdpresented him with the DoD DistinguishedCivilian Service Award.

Numerous countries besides the UnitedStates are represented among the 122 IEEEFellows selected for 1969. Dr. Wiseman wascited "for scientific leadership and researchand development in devices for image detec­tion in darkness!'

Defense Department Credits 3 Army Men With $9 Million Cost ReductionCost reduction actions credited with savin the Depart­

ment of the Army more than $9 million (estimatedthrough FY 1971) gained recog'nition for a colonel andtwo civilian employes as a climax to observance of De­fense Management Improvement Week.

Vice President Spiro Agnew presented awards at aceremony honoring 10 individuals and 5 organizationsfor outstanding contributions to the DoD Cost Reductionand Management Programs.

Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird was host duringthe Pentagon ceremonies, attended by Deputy Secretaryof Defense David Packard, Chairman of the Joint Chiefsof Staff General Earle G. Wheeler, Secretaries of theArmy, Navy and Air Force, and numerous other high­ranking dignitaries of U.s. Government agencies.

In a report to President Richard M. Nixon, SecretaryLaird said more than 36,000 verified management im­provement actions had effected cost-reduction successestotaling more than $1.5 billion in FY 1969. The reportsaid the DoD had instituted a Logistics PerformanceMeasurement and Evaluation System to focus additionalmanagement attention on critical problem areas.

LIONEL P. HERNHOLM, an equipment analyst atRQ U.S. Army Combat Developments Command, FortBelvoir, Va., was cited for the largest individual contri·bution to the Army's Cost Reduction Program. The vali­dated saving in FY 1970 is $1,775,106 and $4,327,790 inFY 1971, totaling $6,102,896. The idea reduced training costa

While conducting a special study of $260 per student, with a validatedthe distribution of battery chargers saving of $592 800 in FY 69 andused with the TOW antitank missile $2470000 in FY 70 and FY 71, to·~ystem, he.discovered that.chargers taiing'$3,062,800. Trainees receive ~eIssued at dIrect support mamtenance same number of practice bursts wlthlevels provided aU the needed combat Ie s ammunition consumption by em·support capability. ploying weapons baving a alower

As a result, the Army deleted re- cyclic rate of fire.quirements for back·up chargers in DAVID E. CIRULI, general engi­the individual battalions and amended neer trainee, Pueblo (Colo.) Armythe procurement contract. Depot, developed an air-driven, shock

LT COL .TAMES R. VANCE, exec· absorber puller tool This eliminatedutive officer, Department of Tactics, losses of up to $39.23 per vehicle dueArmament Division, U.S. Army Avia- to parts damage during removal b)'tion School, Fort Rucker, Ala., devel- the wedged tool and hammer method.oped a cost-saving gunnery technique The validated saving is $3,600 infor training helicopter pilots. FY 69 and $16,400 in FYs 70-71.

36 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS rtlAGAZINE DECEMBER 1969