amazonia at the crossroads: the challenge of sustainable development edited by anthony hall (the...

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constituencies for change' at home. In this sense Edwards sees NGOs as being in the vanguard of an emerging global civil society, and which need to make important decisions about their future role in development. One curious aspect of the book is the target audience, which is never made explicit. There are obvious engagements with a wide range of in¯uences, from the academic to prominent activists based in the South. Nevertheless the style of the book is somewhat journalistic. Often, complexity gives way to simplicity and case studies are added in anecdotal style and boiled down to the minimum of explanation and context. This is not merely academic nit-picking the above discussion on sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia is a case in point). Two of the central concepts in his vision of future international development, social capital and civil society, are not explored in any depth, a serious omission given their current status as development `buzzwords'. Social capital is used following Robert Putnam's work ignoring a growing critique that points to a neglect of politics). Civil society `reappears in every chapter of this book as innovator, facilitator, bridge builder and counterweight' p. 231) but is not subjected to much critical interrogation. While Edwards' characterization of civil society may be a legitimate one, there is nevertheless increasing evidence to suggest that civil society does not contain any inherent democratic qualities and that the roles currently being assigned to it in fostering democratic development might actually be overstating the case. No doubt Edwards has pitched the style of the book in order that it might be read more widely and not only by academics. Nevertheless, there are some signi®cant points that Edwards pulls out from the literature and answers in pragmatic, yet considered, style. In an engagement with the post- development literature, Edwards acknowledges the very real problems associated with the concept and practice of `development', yet dismisses the notion that development should be abandoned as `too sweeping'. `It is not the idea of progress that lies in ruins ± that remains as a near-universal aspiration ± but standardized notions of what it means, how to achieve it, and whether it represents an unstoppable forward march ... Must we abandon the very idea of `progress' because it seems politically incorrect? Don't we know anything about the causes of development, nor how we can help?' p. 19). This pragmatic yet humanistic approach is essentially what underlies much of the book and Edwards' idea of international co-operation, ensuring that Future Positive makes a timely contribution which raises important questions for anyone involved in teaching, writing, thinking about, or even `doing', development. CLAIRE MERCER University of Wales Swansea, UK DOI: 10.1002/jid.740 Amazonia at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Sustainable Development edited by ANTHONY HALL The Brookings Institution for the Institute of Latin American Studies, London, Washington DC: 2000, pp. xiii 257, pbk £12.00). There have been some good books on Amazonian development in the last few years e.g. Faminow, 1996; Smith et al., 1995). Amazonia at the Crossroads is an excellent addition which, although it addresses similar themes, adds new dimensions. It is a well-edited, coherent collection of papers delivered to a University of London conference held in June 1998 `Amazonia 2000: development, environment and geopolitics'). The Conference was organized by Tony Hall and Mike Eden. Alas, Mike did not live to see publication of Amazonia at the Crossroads and Tony Hall took on the editing. The book is dedicated to the memory of Mike, and helps mark the loss of a ®ne and greatly respected researcher on Amazonian development. With the recent moves in the Brazilian Senate to allow more of Amazonia to be developed, this is a timely book much of which focuses on deforestation. its impacts, how it may be countered, and ways in which reforestation can be encouraged. The exploration of sustainable development updates that provided by Goodman and Hall 1990), with the focus on the theme that, although there continues to be a heavy emphasis on environmentally damaging extraction of Amazonian natural resources, there also appears to be a major shift in thinking at all levels of society toward increased recognition of the social, economic and environmental costs of such `predatory development', combined with a 128 Book Reviews Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J. Int. Dev. 13, 127±134 2001)

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Page 1: Amazonia at the crossroads: The challenge of sustainable development edited by Anthony Hall (The brookings institution for the institute of latin American studies, London, Washington

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Page 2: Amazonia at the crossroads: The challenge of sustainable development edited by Anthony Hall (The brookings institution for the institute of latin American studies, London, Washington

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