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MODULE 1 SHOPPING

1.1 INTERNET SHOPPING

READING

Answer the following questions:

1-‐ How much does a camcorder cost?.......................................................................................

2-‐How long can you record and store up?...................................................................................

3-‐Does it have flash memory?......................................................................................................

4-‐Where can you view your photos?............................................................................................

5-‐Do you do shopping online?......................................................................................................

GRAMMAR

THE SIMPLE PRESENT Affirmative Negative Question

I work I don’t work Do I work?

You work You don’t work Do you work?

He works He doesn’t work Does he work?

She works She doesn’t work Does she work?

It works It doesn’t work Does it work?

We work We don’t work Do we work?

They work They don’t work Do they work?

Daily habits or usual activities: I always get up early. General statements of fact: Water boils at 100 0C. Permanent situations: They produce these brand new shoes in İzmir. Programmes and time tables: The plane arrives from İstanbul at 9 pm. Time expressions are : Monday ˘ Monday ˘

Tuesday ˘ Tuesday ˘

Wednesday ˘ Wednesday ˘ Thursday ˘ every day Thursday ˘ on weekdays

Friday ˘ Friday ˘

Saturday ˘ Saturday

Sunday ˘ Sunday

Always, usually, generally, often, occasionally, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly ever,never

constantly, forever

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Affirmative Negative Question

I am working I am not working Am I working?

You are working You aren’t working Are you working?

He is working He isn’t working Is he working?

She is working She isn’t working Is she working?

It is working It is not working Is it working?

We are working We are not working Are we working?

They are working They aren’t working Are they working?

TIME EXPRESSIONS Now/ at present /at the moment / today / this week / this month /tonight / these days At time of speaking: She is studying English now. Actions happening around the time of speaking: I am working hard these days. Temporary situations: As Mrs. Jones is ill this week, Mr. Smith is teaching us this week. Slow changes: Inflation rate is rising month by month. Future plans: They are flying to Istanbul at 9 am tomorrow morning.

State verbs ( Non-‐continuous verbs )are verbs which describe a state rather than an action and therefore do

not normally have continuous tenses. These include;

Verbs of Thinking, Attitudes, or Opinion :

appear, believe, consider, doubt, feel, forget, guess, know, mean, need,

prefer, realize, remember, seem, sound, think, understand

e.g. I expect they will be late.

(Not: I am thinking they will be late.)

Verbs Expressing Possession :

belong, have, own, posses

e.g. My uncle owns a hotel.

(Not My uncle is owning a hotel.)

Verbs Expressing Emotion :

care, desire, forgive, hate, like, love, refuse, want, wish

e.g. I love chocolate ice cream.

Verbs Expressing Sense Perceptions :

feel, hear, see, smell, taste e.g. Mike must be at home. I can see his car parked outside. (Not I am seeing his car parked outside.) Some of the above verbs are used in continuous tenses when they describe actions not states. e.g. I think he’s lying. (= believe) I’m thinking about the plan. (= am considering.) The food tastes delicious. (= has a delicious flavour) He is tasting the food. (=is tasting the flavour of) The chicken weighs 2 kilos. (= has a weight of) The butcher is weighing the meat. (is measuring how heavy it is) I can see some people. (= perceive with my eyes) I see what you mean. (=understand) I am seeing my doctor tomorrow. (=am meeting) Note: The verbs look (when we refer to a person’s appearance), feel, (=experience a particular emotion), hurt and ache can be used in either the continuous or simple tenses with no difference in meaning.

e.g. You look/are looking great today. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous tense:

1.A:We ………………..……………. (go) to London next Friday.

B: Oh, yes. Where ……………..….. you ………………..……(stay)?

A: At Hilton Hotel. We always …………………..………...(stay) there.

2.A: Hi. I’m Merve. I’m from Turkey.

B: Hello. What …………………………………(do) here in Canada? Are you on holiday?

A: No, I ……………………………(study) English at a language school.

B: Where …………………..you ……………..………(live)? With a family?

A: No, I ………………………….(share) a room at dormitory with another girl.

B: Where ……….……you ………………….(live) in Turkey?

A: In Antalya. I ……………………….(have) a flat near my parent’s house.

3.A:What ………………………. you ………………….(do)?

B: Well I’m a student actually, but I’ve got a temporary job for a while.

A: Oh, yes. What ……….……….. you ……………….…(do)?

B: I ………………………..…. (work) at fast food restaurant.

Correct the mistakes, if there are any : 1.He is going to the theatre at 8 p.m............................................................................. 2.We are come to visit our grandparents now.............................................................. 3.Can you be quiet? I are try to do my homework...................................................... 4.The baby drinking milk at the moment. .................................................................... 5.What she doing there?.............................................................................................. 6-‐We likes rock music…………………………………………………………………………………………….... 7-‐They don’t live in this neighbourhood………………………………………………………………….. 8-‐Do he meet his friends at the weekends?............................................................... 9-‐She don’t eat sushi……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10-‐Is they watch football match on Tv at the moment?...........................................

1.2 SHOPPING FOR A CAR READING Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)? 1-‐You can spend all your money for a car.___ 2-‐It’s not important whether you like the car or not.___ 3-‐You don’t need insurance for a car.___ 4-‐You should bargain before you buy a car.___ 5-‐Car dealers always ask for higher price.___ Answer the following questions: 1-‐What kind of car is the first person looking for?........................................................ 2-‐How much money does s/he have?.......................................................................... 3-‐Did the car dealer convince him/her to buy a more expensive car?.......................... 4-‐Does s/he have to pay insurance?.............................................................................. 5-‐Why is the second person very excited?................................................................... 6-‐Where should s/he take the car for an inspection?................................................... 7-‐What is the problem with the car?............................................................................. 8-‐Was the car dealer honest?........................................................................................ 9-‐Did s/he accept to pay his/her money back?............................................................ 10-‐Was the car really in perfect condition when s/he bought?................................... GRAMMAR COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: Countable nouns: Countable nouns are in both singular and plural forms. There is a butterfly on the flower. They have two daughters. Uncountable nouns: Uncountable nouns are always singular. abstract nouns : advice-‐beauty-‐hope-‐hunger-‐information-‐intelligence-‐love-‐poverty-‐freedom-‐honesty-‐justice-‐business-‐work-‐time-‐news-‐knowledge-‐accomodation activities and sports : badminton-‐football-‐gardening-‐running-‐swimming-‐shopping collective nouns : accommodation-‐equipment-‐furniture-‐luggage-‐traffic languages : English-‐French-‐German-‐Russian-‐Spanish subjects : art-‐geography-‐history-‐law-‐ mathematics-‐music substances (gases, liquids, materials) air-‐bread-‐coffee-‐flour-‐leather-‐metal-‐meat-‐silver Common uncountable nouns absence, advice, age, agriculture, anger, atmosphere, baggage, beauty, behaviour, bread, childhood, comfort, company, concern, confidence, countryside, courage, damage, death, democracy, depression, design, duty, earth, education, electricity, energy, environment, equipment, evil, evidence, existence, experience, failure, faith, fear, flesh, food, freedom, fun, furniture, ground, growth, hair, happiness, health, help, homework, ice, industry, information, intelligence, justice, knowledge, love, luck, luggage, machinery, means, money, music, nature, news, nonsense, paper, peace, permission, poverty, pride, progress, reality, research, rubbish, seaside, spaghetti, traffic, training, transport, travel, weather, work.

If we refer to o specific amount with certain uncountable nouns we can use; a bit of, a blob of, a bunch of, a cup of, a drop of, a glass of, a loaf a of, a lump of, a piece of, a pile of, a pool of, a portion of, a slice of, a spot of, a touch of.

NOTE: Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable. We recommend to use a good dictionary. Here is an example: hair – hairs

You have some hairs on your T-‐shirt. (There might be 5 or 6 of them.) Your hair looks lovely. (Here, you think of the hairstyle.)

sentence explanation

The family is on holiday. I see the family as a group.

The family are packing their suitcases. I see the single members of the family packing their suitcases.

sentence explanation

Team B was very successful today. I see Team B as a group.

Team B were very successful today. I see the single members of Team B. Each member of the team was successful. I could also say: All members of Team B were very successful.

There are more words which can be singular or plural nouns: army, band, choir, class, club, crew, company, firm, gang, government, orchestra, party, staff

Are these nouns countable or uncountable?

1. water ____________

2. fruit ____________

3. coconut ____________

4. bread ____________

5. DVD ____________

6. meat ____________

7. ball ____________

8. snack____________

9. glasses____________

10. pen ____________

Find the mistakes and correct them:

1-‐Let’s have a meat for dinner………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐Waters are necessary for life………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐I dropped my camera on the beach and sands got in it…………………………………..

4-‐We will taste delicious fishes tonight………………………………………………………………

5-‐Maths are too diffucult for me………………………………………………………………………..

1.3 SHOPPING FOR A HOUSE

READING

Answer the following questions: 1-‐Where can you search when you want to buy a new house?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-‐Is neighbourhood an important aspect when you buy a new house? Why ?/Why not?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-‐Do you negotiate when you buy something? Why ? /Why not?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐Would you like tol live in a house or a flat? Explain.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-‐When you buy a house ,what other expenses do you have to pay?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Countable: Uncountable

few little a few a little not many not much some some many much plenty (of) plenty (of) a lot (of) a lot (of) lots lots any any

NOTE: Few and little mean ‘not enough’. Many and much are more formal than a lot of

Complete the following sentences with quantifiers expressing the amount : 1.Will you have ............ more tea?

2.He hasn’t got ………....... money left.

3.There’s .................. water in the bottle. You can have it.

4.There is ................ choice in this shop. I can’t find anything.

5.She didn’t want ……………….. CDs. She only needed .......... .

6.He’s not very popular. He’s got ........... friends.

7.There weren’t ........... children in the car park.

8.Very ............ of her friends came to her birhtday party yesterday.She was really upset.

9.Not everybody agreed but .................. people thought it was terrific.

10.We only have .............. time left. Hurry up or we’ll miss the plane.

1.4 SOMETHING TO SELL

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)?

1-‐The wedding dress costs £ 2000.___

2-‐It’s a plain wedding dress with no beads or pearl buttons.___

3-‐It was designed by Audrey Hepburn.___

4-‐The wedding dress was worn on 12th August for the first time.___

5-‐It’s a wedding dress for really fat women.___

GRAMMAR

LINKERS :

BECAUSE( REASON) SENTENCE BECAUSE OF(REASON) GERUND (Ving )/ NOUN

I took a taxi because I was late for work.

All flights were cancelled because of bad weather conditions.

She couldn’t get up early because of going to bed too late.

SO ( RESULT ) SENTENCE

I’m too tired so I ‘m going to sleep early tonight.

SO+ADJ / ADV +THAT SENTENCE

The teacher speaks so quickly that students can’t understand him.

She is so clever that she can solve the most difficult math problems.

SUCH (A/ AN) ADJ+NOUN+THAT SENTENCE

It was such an interesting film that I couldn’t answer the phone.

They are such good people that everybody likes them.

It was terrible weather that we couldn’t go out.

Complete each sentence with two to five words including the word in bold.

1-‐She had a lot of homework to do , so he couldn’t go to the party.

so He had …………………………………………………………to do that he couldn’t go to the party.

2-‐She didn’t tidy her room.As a result ,her mother shouted at her.

because Her mother shouted at him ……………………………………………………his room.

3-‐She is a very clever girl and her parents are proud of her.

such She is ………………………………………………………………….her parents are proud of her.

4-‐The students were noisy,as a result,the teacher punished them.

because of The the punished the students………………………………………………………..rude.

5-‐The bus was too late.They decided to take a taxi.

so The bus was ………………………………………………………….they decided to take a taxi.

MODULE 2 COMPARING CULTURES

2.1 NATIVE AMERICANS

READING


1-‐Who is a medicine man (woman) ?..................................................................................................

2-‐What is the most sacred plant for the Native Americans?...............................................................

3-‐What do they smoke for?.................................................................................................................

4-‐Which plant is believed to protect people from bas spirits?............................................................

5-‐What is used as a tea as well as medicine?.......................................................................................

6-‐What is good for cough?....................................................................................................................

7-‐Can they also treat colds and lung problems with a herbal remedy?................................................

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES

AS / SO +ADJ+AS

LESS / MORE ……..THAN

ADVERB COMPARISONS

THE……..-‐ER / THE MORE ………….

EXPRESSIONS OF DEGREE

MUCH / A LITTLE / A BIT / FAR / SLIGHTLY TO EMPHASIS (COMPARATIVES)

BY FAR / FAR TO EMPHASIS ( SUPERLATIVES)

THE SAME AS / DIFFERENT FROM POSSESIVE PRONOUNS ( MINE / YOURS / THEIRS etc.)

We form comparative adjectives in two ways ; a. by adding -‐er than to the positive degree : clean cleaner than short shorter than small smaller than b. if the adjective has more than two syllables, by using more than and less than. expensive more expensive than comfortable more comfortable than attractive more attractive than difficult less difficult than expensive less expensive than c. if the adjective has two syllables : ends in y doesn’t end in y lazy-‐lazier upset-‐more upset crazy-‐crazier silly-‐sillier

Note : The adjectives good , bad and far have special comparative forms : good better than bad worse than far farther than They said they had fixed computer, but it’s now working even worse than before. d. if the adjective has a negative prefix : unhappy-‐(even) less happy unbelievable-‐(even) less believable

MAKING COMPARISON

. Comparative adj. + than

. more / less + comp.adj. + than

. more + countable / noun + than uncountable

. fewer + countable noun + than

. less + uncountable noun + than

. as many + countable noun + as

. as much + uncountable noun + as

. as + adjective + as

To show equality we use : as adjective as : for positive sentences so adjective as : when the verb is negative e.g.: It is -‐25 ∞C in Russia. It is -‐25 ∞C in Canada. Russia is as cold as Canada. Eric is 16 years old. Sergio is 15 years old. Sergio isn’t so old as Eric. We use the same as with nouns. We use different from to state that two things or persons are not equal. e.g. : My shirt is red. Your shirt is red. Mert’s shirt is green. Your shirt is the same as my shirt. Mert’s shirt is different from ours. DOUBLE COMPARATIVE The more you earn the more you save. The more you spend the less you save. The more they cry the more they are paid. The more you work the more you are liked. The more she loved the less she was loved. Complete the following sentences : 1…….......….(hard) you study, the more you will learn. 2……………….….(old) she got, …………..….(quiet) she became. 3………………….(warm) the weather, ………………..(good) I like it. 4.The more you worked, …………………. you are paid in Turkey.

5………………………….(high) he jumped,…………………………..(loud) the crowd cheered. 2.2 ABORIGINES READING


TITLE 1

1-‐Most of Aboriginal kids were taken from homes.___

2-‐They were encouraged to contact their families.___

3-‐Nobody cared about Aborigins and never tried to fix things.___

TITLE 2

1-‐White people understand Aborigines.___

2-‐People force Aborigines for intercultural marriages.___

TITLE 3

1-‐Body painting and sculptures are forms of Aboriginal art.___

2-‐Aboriginal bark painters used all colours.___

TITLE 4

1-‐Aborigines believe that the Earth was round in the beginning.___

2-‐Tidalik,which is a popular story, explains why frogs burrow underground.___

GRAMMAR

ADJECTIVES ENDING –ED / -‐ING

ADJECTIVE ORDER OPINION ADJECTIVES +FACT ADJECTIVES+ NOUN

FACT ADJECTIVES ORDER

The past participle (-‐ed) and the present participle (-‐ing) can be used as adjectives.

e.g. I’m bored. I think there is nothing that interests me at the moment. I’m boring. I am a very uninteresting person. Circle the correct form : 1.Don’t bother to watch that film. It’s boring / bored.

2.I was interesting / interested in the article about the accident in the newspaper this morning.

3.Peter bores me.He is a boring / bored boy.

4.I don’t understand teacher’s explanations. I’m confusing / confused.

5.Have you heard the latest news about Mary? It’s really exciting / excited.

What is the order of the adjectives ? Size/age/shape / colour / origin / material / purpose are FACT ADJECTIVES. DETERMINER opinion size age shape colour origin material purpose NOUN A An The

lovely terrible

big wide

old new

round flat

brown green

Turkish African

copper leather

dinner riding

plate saddle

Are these True or False? T F

1. an expensive Swiss watch ……………….. ………………..

2. that small round table ……………….. ………………..

3. Eric’s red woollen sweater ……………….. ………………..

4. a brave young Dutch hero ……………….. ………………..

5. some big grey buildings ……………….. ………………..

6. old French wine ……………….. ………………..

7. an ugly square wooden box ……………….. ………………..

8. his huge old black American car ……………….. ………………..

9. lovely blue English pottery ……………….. ………………..

10. a rectangular plastic tray ……………….. ………………..

2.3 MBUTI OF THE CONGO

READING

Match the phrases:

1-‐grow __a-‐in huts

2-‐live __b-‐own language

3-‐have __c-‐vegetables

4-‐speak __d-‐a word in the language

5-‐have __e-‐customs

EXTRA GRAMMAR

GIVING DESCRIPTION USING WHICH

Which (relative pronoun for things. Subject in the relative clause)

1.a. He wanted the suit.(1)The suit was in the window.(2)

b. He wanted the suit which was in the window.

c. He wanted the suit that was in the window.

2.a. The dress was expensive.(1)Thedress was in the window.(2)

b. The dress which was in the window was expensive.

c. The dress that was in the window was expensive.

*You can join (1) and (2) using the relative pronoun which.

It can only replace a thing or an animal. (the watch/the lion)

*Which can be replaced by that (more usual in spoken English)

*Which/that always follow the antecedent and are here the subject of the verb in the relative clause.

Join the following sentences using the relative pronoun “which” working as a subject.

1.It is a wonderful project. It will change the world....................................................................................

2.You must stop eating sweets. They make you fat ................................................................................

3.A dictionary is a book. It explains what words mean. .............................................................................

4.This balck book is mine. It is on the table. ..............................................................................................

5.The car is now mended. It was broken yesterday. ..............................................................................

GRAMMAR

TOO+ADJ+TO+V1

ENOUGH+ADJ+TO+V1

ENOUGH+NOUN

GIVING PERSONAL OPINIONS The way I see it,………..

As fas as I’m concerned,……

As I see it,………………

If you ask me,……………..

In my opinion,……………

From my point of view,……….

To me,…………….

Personally,…………..

To my mind,………..

My opinion is that………………..

Rewrite these sentences using TOO or ENOUGH

1.We were driving slowly. We enjoyed the beautiful view.

...............................................................................................................................

2.The children were playing noisily. They couldn’t hear me.

...............................................................................................................................

3.He is very rich.He can buy a ferrari.

...............................................................................................................................

4.She is very young.She can’t go out alone in the evenings.

...............................................................................................................................

5.She is 65 years old.She can’t run

...............................................................................................................................

6.We have place for you.We can put you up.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2.4 THE AINU OF JAPAN

READING


1-‐Who do Ainu people share their food with?....................................................................................

2-‐Where do the people sit when they eat?.................................................................................

3-‐Who thanks to the goddes of fire?............................................................................................

4-‐What is shared with the neighbours?........................................................................................

5-‐What did they use to grow instead of rice?................................................................................

GRAMMAR

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

TO / IN ODER TO / SO AS TO +V1

NOT TO / IN ORDER NOT TO / SO AS NOT TO + V1

SO THAT + IN ORDER THAT + WILL / CAN +V1 ( PRESENT )

SO THAT + IN ORDER THAT + WOULD / COULD +V1 ( PAST )

IN CASE SENTENCE

IN CASE OF NOUN / GERUND ( VİNG)

IN CASE + PAST TO EXPRESS WHY SOMEONE DID IT

Join the sentences using the word(s) in brackets.

1-‐She got her dad’s car out of the garage.She wanted to wash it.( so that )

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐The doctor examined the patient.He wanted to find out what was wrong with him.(so as to )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-‐I set the alarm clock.I didn’t want to be late for work.(in order that )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐Mary will take some magazines with her.She may get bored while waiting.( in case)

5.I saved some money. I may need fort he operation. ( in case of )

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

MODULE 3 BANKING

3.1 READING


1-‐ A financial planner works only for managers.___

2-‐Planners must be informed about banking news.___

3-‐Nobody wants to be a financial planner.___

4-‐The clients and financial planner have regular meetings.___

5-‐A financial planner should be skillful.___

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

We use the simple past tense* to talk about the actions in the past. We use the simple past for actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past. With verbs such as think, hope, mean, expect, etc, past simple, past continuous or past perfect can be used without any difference. Time expressions yesterday last night yesterday morning last week yesterday afternoon last month yesterday evening last summer

last year three days ago in 1985 two weeks ago in 1986 a month ago four years ago


I worked I didn’t work Did I work?

You worked You didn’t work Did you work?

He worked He didn’t work Did he work?

She worked She didn’t work Did she work?

It worked It didn’t work Did it work?

We worked We didn’t work Did we work?

They worked They didn’t work Did they work?

Simple past form of the verb ‘be’

Now in 1975 I am a teacher. I was a student. I am 37 years old. I was 14 years old. We are in Ankara. We were in Zonguldak. Students are taller. They were short. Make questions using the question words :

1.We had dinner all together. ............................................................................................. 2.My brother practised his Spanish. .............................................................................................. 3.We watched to TV. .............................................................................................. 4.They stayed at hotel yesterday. .............................................................................................. 5.She walked to school yesterday. ............................................................................................... 6.We did our History homework together. ............................................................................................... 7.She ate a hamburger yesterday morning. ............................................................................................... 8.We spent a lot last weekend. ............................................................................................... 9.We stayed at a cottage. ................................................................................................. 10.She listened to music with her girlfriend. ................................................................................................. Correct the mistakes, if there are any : 1.She did made a cake for her friends. ................................................................................................... 2.They played all together. ................................................................................................... 3.Did you bought those shoes? ................................................................................................... 4.What time did he finish his homework? ................................................................................................... 5.We didn’t borrowed money from our friends. ...................................................................................................

3.2 OPENING AN ACCOUNT

READING


1-‐How long will it take to open a bank account?......................................................................

2-‐Can a 16 year old person open a bank account? Why?/Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐How will they check your information?..................................................................................

4-‐On which condition will your account be opened?..................................................................

5-‐What kind of accounts are there?............................................................................................

GRAMMAR

USED TO / BE USED TO / GET USED TO / WOULD +V1

BE / GET USED TO +V1

BE GET ACCUSTOMED TO + V1

We use used to in three forms with three different meanings :

1.used to + infinitive

We use this form to express habitual past actions:

My father used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.( He doesn’t smoke now)

2.To be used to + -‐ing

This means to be accustomed to:

I must go to bed early. I’m used to having nine hours of sleep a night.

3.To get used to

This means to become accustomed to :

I don’t like English food, but I will get used to eating it soon.

Answer these questions :

1.What sport did you use to play when you were ten?

...................................................................................................................

2.Did you use to speak a lot in the class when you were at primary school?

...................................................................................................................

3.What do you think your mother used to do when she was your age?

...................................................................................................................

4.How often did you use to visit your grandparents when you were at primary school?

...................................................................................................................

5.Did you use to eat your nails when you were young?

...................................................................................................................

Complete the following sentences:

1.I got used to ..................................(drink tea).

2.My sons are used to ..............................(eat out).

3.Serdal is used to .............................(speak English).

4.Did it take long to get used to .............................(pronounce English words).

5.It was easy for me to get used to .......................(drink white wine).

Be used to and be accustomed to have the same meaning.

Use be accustomed to :

1.I am used to hot weather.

…………………………………………………..

2.Americans are used to living abroad.

…………………………………………………..

3.Turkish people are used to buying big houses.

…………………………………………………..

4.We are used to working less and talk a lot.

…………………………………………………..

5.They were used to surviving without being paid regularly.

…………………………………………………..

Use get accustomed to : 1.I’m getting used to eating American food.………………………………………………….. 2.We are getting used to living in big cities. ………………………………………………….. 3.She was getting used to staying in the hostel. …………………………………………………..

3.3 INVESTING

READING

Use the expressions to complete the sentences in correct from:

stock exchange / invest money / make a profit / make money / lose money

1-‐………………………………………..shouldn’t be the purpose of your life.

2-‐New York is the center of the …………………………………………in the USA.

3-‐Brokers struggling to …………………………………………..don’t always play by the book.

4-‐If the economy goes like this I might ………………………a lot of ………………………..

5-‐The government should ………………………..more…………………..in industry.

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use the present perfect tense;

*to describe an action in the past which is connected in one way or another with the present time. *to explain an action which happened at an indefinite time in the past *to explain a repeated action which happened in an indefinite time in the past

Present Perfect: a. They have lived in Ankara for 2 years. (They still live + indication of duration: 2 years.) b. My sister has been very helpful all her life. (She still is + indication of duration: all her life.)

This is called the present perfect.

Have/has + verb III (past participle)

e.g. to repair: I have repaired, she has repaired, they have repaired.


I have worked I haven’t worked Have I worked?

You have worked You haven’t worked Have you worked?

He has worked He hasn’t worked Has he worked?

She has worked She hasn’t worked Has she worked?

It has worked It hasn’t worked Has it worked?

We have worked We haven’t worked Have we worked?

They have worked They haven’t worked Have they worked?

Time expressions :

already, just, recently, yet,ever, never,for, since,still, scarcely, hardly,today, this week, this year ,so far,lately

April September

= I have studied English for five months.

April September

= I have studied English since April.

1996 2014

I moved to Antalya. I live in Antalya

·∙ I have lived in Antalya for 18 years.

·∙ I have lived in Antalya since 1996.

Fill in the blanks supplying the present perfect tense form of the verbs in the brackets : 1.I ....................(speak) to him about it several times. 2.They ...............(finish) all our work. 3.He ................(visit) his parents many times. 4.I’m sure we ................(see) that film before. 5.They ............................(learn) many new phrasal verbs in this course. 6.I ...................................(be) to London many times. 7.She ..............................(lose) her mobile phone. 8.My cousin .................................(go) to America for work. 9.I ......................................(move) into my new flat at last. 10.We ................................(live) in this city for ten years.

Complete the following sentences using for or since :

1.We haven’t been to the cinema ........................ September.

2.She has studied Law .............................. six years.

3.It hasn’t rained in that area .................................. 1981.

4.I haven’t received any postcards ....................... a long time.

5.He hasn’t seen his family ...................... several weeks.

6.My aunt has been in Athens ........................... 1998.

7.She has waited at the bus stop ................ half an hour.

8.I haven’t spoken German ..................... four years.

9.Patrick hasn’t come to school .................. five days.

10.Our Geography teacher has been ill .......... two months.

3.4 GETTING A LOAN

READING

Match the words with their definitions: 1-‐current __a-‐anything lent,especially money

2-‐income __b-‐paying back,giving back

3-‐repayment __c-‐something that has been taken away

4-‐fee __d-‐belonging to the present

5-‐salary __e-‐the price paid for work done by someone or for some special service

6-‐loan __f-‐absolutely necessary

7-‐asset __g-‐money received by a person as wages etc.

8-‐deduction __h-‐the number of money paid in return for borrowing a sum of money from the bank

9-‐interest rates __i-‐anything useful or valuable,an advantage

10-‐essential __j-‐fixed,regular,usually monthly ,payment for work

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT / SIMPLE PAST

Fill in the blanks using the present perfect or the simple past form of the verbs :

1.Mr Carter .........................(go) to Greece last week.

2.They ................................(watch) that film several times.

3.We .......................................(learn) all the tenses at this course.

4.When I was young, I often ................................(go) camping with my friends.

5.It ...................... (be) boiling hot last week.

6.Sandra ...................................(read) that book before.

7.My son...............................(start) to prepare for the university exams last winter.

8.I .................................(do) a lot of housework yesterday evening.

9.My father ............................(help) me with my project.

10.The First World War.........................(begin) in 1914 and..................... (end) in 1918.

LINKING WORDS

ALTOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH SENTENCE

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF NOUN / VİNG

WHILE / WHEREAS / ON THE OTHER HAND SENTENCE

HOWEVER / BUT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND SENTENCE

Complete the sentences:

1-‐In spite of the rain,the tennis match took place.

Although………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐Even though we were late,we stopped to drink coffee.

Despite …………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐Even though they are good friends,they don’t share everything.

In spite of …………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐In spite of winning the race,he wasn’t satisfied.

…………………………………………………………………………,however……………………………………….

5-‐Though she woke up early,she was late fort he meeting.

Despite……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6-‐Martin is good at English.His sister is good at Maths.

……………………………………………….whereas…………………………………………………………………..

MODULE 4 BOOKS AND FILMS

4.1 BOOKS

READING


1-‐What is the name of the book?.....................................................................................................

2-‐Who was it written by?.................................................................................................................

3-‐When was it published?..................................................................................................................

4-‐What is the plot of the book?.........................................................................................................

5-‐Who may be interested in this book?.............................................................................................

6-‐What kind of books do you like reading?........................................................................................

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


I have been working I haven’t been working Have I been working?

You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working?

He has been working He hasn’t been working Has he been working?

She has been working She hasn’t been working Has she been working?

It has been working It hasn’t been working Has it been working?

We have been working We haven’t been working Have we been working?

They have been working They haven’t been working Have they been working?

Write the verbs in the present perfect continuous :

1.A:What ………………………………….(you/ do) today?

B:I …………………………………..(rewrite)my report.

2.How long …………………………..(they / learn) English?

3.My sons ……………………..(watch) basketball on TV since seven o’clock.

4.My brother…………………….. (live) in Kuşadası for thirty years.

5.We are tired. We …………………………(work) for hours .

6.They look terrible. They …………………….(study) for a fortnight for their final exams.

7.I ………………………….(teach) English for over twenty years.

8.How long………………………….. (you/ride) with this club?

9.Your girlfriend …………………………. (speak) on the phone for an hour.

10.Why ………………………..(he/visit )her so often?

4.2 BECOMING AN AUTHOR

READING

A)Answer the following questions:

1-‐How many of Dan Brown’s books have been made into films?...........................................................

2-‐What kind of books does he write?................................................................................................

3-‐When was he born?.........................................................................................................................

4-‐Why did he become familiar with college life?.................................................................................

5-‐How did his father give him presents on special days?......................................................................

B)Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)?

1-‐After university,he was a student of a famous writer.___

2-‐He decided to return Philips Exeter Academy to teach.___

3-‐Nobody has influenced his ideas about writing.___

4-‐‘The Da Vinci Code’ was his first book.___

5-‐‘The Da Vinci Code’ was his bestseller.___

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT VERSUS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:

1-‐………………………..you ……………………(hear) the news? They ……………………………….(select) the same man again.

2-‐The teacher ………………………………………(correct) compositions for five hours.

3-‐I’m very sad.I………………………………….(lose) my favourite ring.

4-‐She ………………………………..(read) this article for two hours and she ………………………………(not / finish ) it yet.

5-‐A:I …………………………………(never / see ) you here before.

B:Actually,I …………………………………(live ) here for only one week.

4.3 TYPES OF FILMS

READING

Find more of the film or Tv programme rating classifications.

GRAMMAR

GERUND (VİNG) / INFINITIVE ( TO+V1) / BARE INFINITIVE (V1)

CAUSATIVE

HAVE SOMEONE DO (V1) SOMETHING

GET SOMEONE TO DO (V1) SOMETHING

Causative sentences are similar to passive sentences in that the agent (the doer of the action) is not the grammatical subject of the sentence.

Make sentences using the structure:

1-‐My car needs repair.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-‐Their house needs painting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-‐My hair needs cut…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐Her skirt needs dry-‐cleaning………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐A new scarf has been knitted by my grandmother………………………………………………………………………………..

GERUNDS

Gerunds are verbs that behave like nouns. We form gerunds by adding -‐ing to the verb base: 1.As the subject of a clause or sentence:

Swimming is healthy.

2.As the object of a clause or sentence

My sister enjoys cooking.

3.After certain verbs :

4.After verbs expressing likes and dislikes :

I don’t enjoy listening to rap music.

5.After other verbs such as :

admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, be worth, can’t help, complete, consider, defer, delay, deny,

detest, discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, keep, mention,

mind, miss, postpone, practice, put off, prevent, recall, recommend, represent, report, resist,

risk, spend time, suggest, tolerate, understand.

6.After prepositions : On opening the letter, he realized it wasn’t for him.

She is interested in writing short stories.

INFINITIVES a. The infinitive may be used alone or a part of infinitive phrase:

We began to walk down the road.

b. may be the subject of a sentence

To be honest, I don’t like him.

c. may be the complement of a verb:

His plan is to keep the affair secret.

d. may be the object or part of the object of a verb:

He wants me to pay.

e. can express purpose

I went to the bank to get some money.

f. be + infinitive can express commands or instructions

It is forbidden to take photos.

g. can be used after certain adjectives

angry, glad, happy, sorry, fortunate, likely, lucky

h. can be used with too/enough and certain adjectives and adverbs

He is too old to run. / She is old enough to go out in the evenings.

i. an infinitive phrase can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence:

to tell the truth, to cut a long story short

We use infinitive after these verbs : afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, appear, attempt, be, be supposed, care, claim, come, choose,

decide, demand, deserve, endeavour, expect, fail, forget, happen, hesitate, help, hope, intend,

learn, manage, mean, neglect, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, prove, refuse, seem,

serve, struggle, swear, tend, threaten, volunteer, wait.

We use infinitive after certain adjectives : amazed, certain, difficult, disappointed, easy, free, glad, happy, likely, pleased, possible, simple, sure, surprised.

There are certain verbs which can be used with both infinitive and gerund, but in meaning there will be a difference : Try : gerund :we use this form to experiment in order to achieve an objective ;

Try working long hours and see if you can make more money.

infinitive : we use this form to attempt a difficult action; I have been trying to find a better job since 1979.

Stop :

gerund: we use this form to finish an activity; Stop working and go home earlier today.

infinitive: we use this form to stop an activity in order to do another activity; We stopped to have a cup of tea.

Regret, forget and remember, go on, mean are some of the verbs which have different meanings in gerund form and infinitive forms. Complete the sentences with a gerund or infinitive using the verbs in the brackets : 1.She never learnt..........................when she lived with her parents.(cook)

2............................Chinese is really difficult.(learn)

3.She’s often dreamed of .............................to Italy.(travel)

4.He’s agreed ......................me with the project about poor people.(help)

5.They love ...................... a good film.(watch)

6........................children changes your way of living.(have)

7.I miss ...................... my family.(see)

8.It was kind of him to offer ................the dog while I was on holiday..(look after)

9.When did she decide ......................... to Canada?(move)

10. ...........................a fruit cake can be very enjoyable.(make)

11.He worried about .............................his driving test.(take)

12. I remember ...................... afraid of the dogs as a child.(be)

13.We went there ...........................dentist.(see)

14.I remember .........................the newspapers.(post)

15. .......................alcohol is very dangerous when you drive.(drink)

4.4 GETTING INTO ACTING

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F )?

1-‐Her dream about being a star started with Star Wars.___

2-‐She was sociable when she was a child.___

3-‐Her parents didn’t let her to go after her dream.___

4-‐She met a director and they become friends.___

5-‐She has met Harrison Ford.___

GRAMMAR

USAGE OF PHRASAL VERBS

A phrasal verb is formed by adding a preposition (down, in, up) or an adverb (away, back) to a verb and the new verb (phrasal verb) has a different meaning. *The plane to London has just taken off. *I’ll let my hair down as soon as I find an assistant. *I lost my wallet. I have to look for it. Some phrasal verbs do not take an object :

I didn’t have to work on April 23 rd, so I slept in.

There are also some phrasal verbs with two particles : I don’t think I’m going to get on well with these people. Fill in the sentences using a suitable phrasal verb :

dropped in/look up /coming over/ give up / look after

1.We ……………………….. at seven o’clock to have breakfast.

2.My wife is going to .................................. smoking soon.

3.We are going on holiday for a fortnight. My friend will ................ our sons.

4.I miss my mother very much, so I’m ....................................seeing her soon.

5.Why don’t you................... that word in a dictionary instead of asking me?

MODULE 5 HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL

5.1 NEW ZEALAND

READING


1-‐What is the advertisement for?...........................................................................................

2-‐Where does the tour take place?.........................................................................................

3-‐What do they offer for skillful riders?....................................................................................

4-‐Does the advertisement include information about the price?............................................

5-‐What do the tour packages include?.....................................................................................

GRAMMAR

ADVERBS

IRREGULAR ADVERBS

MODIFIYING ADVERBS COMPARATIVE ADVERBS

We usually use ‘adverbs’ after verbs. *Many adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding -‐ly : (some adjectives end in -‐ly, too) clever cleverly clear clearly quick quickly sad sadly beautiful beautifully I always use my bag nicely. Adv. I use my nice bag everyday. Adj.

*Some adverbs have the same form as the adjectives: Adjective Adverb

fast fast This is a fast car. My car is fast.

hard hard

late late

early early

*good well (good is irregular)

back back

far far

enough enough

ill ill

kindly kindly

little little

long long

low low

still still

straight straight In spoken English good and bad are sometimes used as adverbs:

How is she doing? Not good. Do you still feel bad about that time you said he was a monkey in a suit?

ORDER OF ADVERBS Adverbs describe * how an action is done * where * when how : gently where : here, at the end of the road when : yesterday, at two o’clock If there are more than one adverb, they are usually put in this order :

( how) (where) (when) manner place time

She worked hard at the office yesterday.

Use the proper form-‐adjective or adverb-‐in the following :

1.She always does her homework ................... (careful).

2.He is a very ....................... (careful) student.

3.Come ...................... (quick) .We need your help.

4.The old man walks very ................. (slow) .

5.Jane is a very ................. (slow) student.

6.Her brother, on the other hand, learns ................ (rapid).

7.Mrs Krueger has a ............... (permanent) visa.

8.She hopes to stay in Turkey ....................(permanent).

9.She acted very ............ (foolish) in that matter.

10.He always speaks ................. (soft) to the child.

5.2 CARIBBEAN CRUISE

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE (T ) or FALSE (F )?

1-‐If you want to take underwater adventure,you should go to St.Martin.___

2-‐You may get bored when you are on Buck Island.___

3-‐The Fontein Cave is known as The Tunnel of Love.___

4-‐Aruba is a mysterious island.___

5-‐You can watch a Street parade on Saint Lucia.___

6-‐The Jounen Kweyol Festival is in November.___

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST VERSUS PAST CONTINUOUS

Fill in the blanks using the simple past or the past continuous :

1. My mother .......................... (talk) on the phone when the guests ..................(come).

2. They ........................(drink) wine when I ........................(see) them.

3. I.............................(study) English while you...........................(watch) TV.

4. They ...........................(live) in Tokyo when the war ..................(start).

5. When I .............................(get) up this morning, it ...................(rain) heavily.

6. When his father ...................(die) he .............................(work) in Italy.

7. I ..........................(get) sick while we ........................(fly) to Germany.

8. It ........................( not / rain) when I ....................(leave) home.

9.The accident ...........................(happen) while they ................ (travel) in Scotland.

10 .She .......................(fall) while she ....................(ride) a bike.

Choose the correct word or phrase : 1.How did you felt/did you feel yesterday evening? 2.While I take / was taking a shower, the telephone rang / ringed. 3.She didn’t saw/didn’t see where the bus stop was, so we were missing / missed the bus. 4.Last winter I was going / went to school every day. 5.When I was arriving / arrived there , they were waiting / waited for me.

5.3 MADAGASCAR

READING


1-‐When was the WWF founded?.................................................................................................

2-‐What is the purpose of the organisation?................................................................................

3-‐How many countries does it have activities?...........................................................................

4-‐Which country works with the organisation?..........................................................................

5-‐Does Madagascar have enough rainfall for the animals to survive?........................................

GRAMMAR

We use the past perfect tense *to describe an action which took place in the past before another past action. e.g. She said that she had seen that film. the past perfect 1st event

the simple past 2nd event

time of speaking (now)

future

I learntFrench. (1) I learnt Chinese.(2) First I learnt French. Then I learnt Chinese. I learnt Chinese after I had learnt French. I had learnt French before I learnt Chinese. Past perfect a. They saw thecar.(1) They decided to buy it.(2) b. After they had seen the car (1) they decided to buy it.(2) *Both actions (saw/decided )belong to the past. The time reference is not apparent but the speaker knows when it happened. That’s why in (a) the verbs in each sentence, are in the past simple (ref. to past). *But in sentence (b) we have joined the two sentences using after and doing so, we have chosen to contrast two actions belonging to the past (ref. to past) we want to show that action (1) happened before action (2). *The tense used to show that something in the past was completed before another time in the past is called past perfect. had + V past participle

Supply the past tense (past simple or past perfect)

1.The house ……………………(be) much smaller than she ……………..(think) at first.

2.The little girl………………………. (ask) what …………………(happen) to her mother.

3.I ……………………..(can not) help thinking that I …………..(see) him somewhere before.

4.It…………………………… (seem) ages since the ship ……………………..(set off)

5.We ………………….(worry) a lot before we ………………..(hear) that he wasn’t in trouble. Combine these two sentences :

1.It snowed a lot. The roads were closed, so workers went home late.

...............................................................................................................................

2.He finished the report.He went out for lunch at 4 o’clock.

...............................................................................................................................

3.They argued.They broke up.

...............................................................................................................................

4.I saw them in the shopping centre.We went to a café together.

...............................................................................................................................

5. I brushed my teeth. I went to bed.

...............................................................................................................................

5.4 VIETNAM

READING


1-‐What is the advertisement for ?................................................................................................

2-‐Do you have to travel with a group in Vietnam? ……………………………………………………………………….

3-‐Can you only travel by a cab? Why? /Why not?............................................................................

4-‐ What do you need to see there?...............................................................................

5-‐What is the weather like in Vietnam?.............................................................................................

6-‐Can you get your money back if you cancel your holiday?..............................................................

GRAMMAR

SHORT RESPONSES

NEITHER / NOR …..I / SO…..I / ME TOO / ME NEITHER / EITHER

BOTH /EITHER / NEITHER ( FOR TWO THINGS / PLACES /PEOPLE)

BOTH OF / EITHER OF / NEITHER OF

A combination of two things (nouns/adjectives/verbs) can be expressed by using both .... and.

Both can also be a pronoun. In this case it is used as follows:

He was rich. She was rich.

Both were rich.

Both of them were late. Peter is keen on basketball. John is keen on basketball.

Both Peter and John are keen on basketball.

My father is a doctor. My uncle is a doctor, too.

My father is a doctor. My uncle is also a doctor.

My aunt isn’t young. My wife isn’t young either.

To express two or more elements in a choice.

The cat has eaten it. Or perhaps the dog has eaten it.

Either the cat or the dog has eaten it.

-‐expresses two elements in a choice.It has a negative meaning

He doesn’t work in a bank. The woman doesn’t work in a bank.

Neither he nor the woman work in a bank.

so + auxiliary + subject : describes the positive agreement

nor /neither + auxiliary + subject : describes the negative agreement

A. I can speak English very well

B. So can I. (=I can speak English very well, too.)

A. I can’t ride a bike.

B. Nor / Neither can I. (I can’t ride a bike, either.)

Complete the sentences using so, nor (=neither), too or either :

1.Peter speaks Turkish and ……………………. Eric.

2.I can speak English and ……………………. Martin.

3.Sam plays the guitar and …………………… I.

4.Dorothy doesn’t live in America and ………………… Grace.

5.I won’t go to school tomorrow and …………………. Mary.

6.My daughter speaks French well and my niece ………………. .

7.Sarah lives in QueenRoad and ………………………. Tara.

8.Tarık stayed in a hostel and ……………………. I.

9.I have got a new laptop and ……………………… has she.

10.He has to do some exercises and ………………. do I.

MODULE 6 HEALTH

6.1 BEING A DOCTOR

READING


1-‐How many steps are there to be doctor?................................................................................

2-‐ What are the essential main subjects for Medical School?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐Where do the students learn how to treat people?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐How long does it take to be doctor?.........................................................................................

5-‐What do the students have to do to get a valid licence?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR

WILL FUTURE

PROBABLY / MAYBE / I THINK / I SUPPOSE / I RECKON / I HOPE +WILL+V1

BE GOING TO FUTURE

We use ‘ going to ‘ future * to talk about a plan or an intention * to make a prediction * to talk about a fact in the future *when there is visible proof


I am going to work I am not going to work Am I going to work?

You are going to work You are not going to work Are you going to work?

He is going to work He is not going to work Is he going to work?

She is going to work She isn’t going to work Is she going to work?

It is going to work It isn’t going to work Is it going to work?

We are going to work We aren’t going to work Are we going to work

They are going to work They aren’t going to work Are they going to work?


I will work I will not work Will I work?

You will work You won’t work Will you work?

He will work He won’t work Will he work?

She will work She won’t work Will she work?

It will work It won’t work Will it work?

We will work We won’t work Will we work?

They will work They won’t work Will they work?

Time expressions tomorrow in five days tonight soon next week later next month next year next summer We use ‘will’’ future; *for predictions *weather forecast *promises *warning or threats *On-‐the-‐spot decisions *order food & drink With the expressions; PROBABLY / MAYBE / I THINK / I SUPPOSE / I RECKON / I HOPE Complete the following sentences using will or going to :

1. A: I’ve got to phone a number in Boston. Do you know the code?

B: No,......................................................... in the directory for you.

2. A: What are you doing during Ramadan?

B: Absolutely nothing. We .............................................. rest.

3. A: Did you hear the weather forecast?

B: Yes......................................... hot at first, then ............................... a little cooler this afternoon.

4. A: Why did you buy a car in such a terrible condition?

B: It was cheap. We ....................................... take it to the service. What do you think?

5. A: What are you doing here? Jane is expecting you for lunch.

B: I completely forgot ! I ............................................ give her a ring, and

tell her I ................................ be late. Thanks for reminding.

6.2 HEALTH INSURANCE

READING

Answer the following questions: 1-‐When did his insurance start?................................................................................

2-‐What’s wrong with him?.........................................................................................

3-‐What does Amanda need to start paying disability insurance payments?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐What does the doctor say about his problem?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-‐Is the insurance company able to pay disability insurance payment? Why?/ Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR

FUTURE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT SIMPLE / WILL / BE GOING TO

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct FUTURE TENSE: 1-‐A: The walls are very dirty.

B: I know.I ……………………………………………………………paint them next week.

2-‐A: I met a wonderful woman.

B:Great ! I …………………………………………(call) mum and tell her the good news.

3-‐A: How old is grandmother?

B:She …………………………………………..(be) 98 next month.

4-‐A:I must talk to dad.

B: Don’t call him now.He ………………………………………….(sleep)

5-‐A:Have yo known him for a long time?

B:Next month it …………………………………(be) for twenty years.

6-‐A:We must buy some milk fort he baby.

B:We’d better hurry.The supermarkets …………………………………………(close) in half an hour.

7-‐A:It’s cold in here.

B:OK. I ………………………………………………..(turn on ) the heater.

8-‐A:Have you booked your hotel for holiday?

B:Yes,we ………………………………………………….(stay ) in a five star hotel.

9-‐Wear your coat or you ……………………………………………(get) cold.

10-‐He ……………………………………………..(have) a meeting at 8 a.m tomorrow.

6.3 AROUND THE HOSPITAL

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE ( T ) or FALSE (F)?

1-‐The leaflet gives information about using drug such as cocain.___

2-‐You should read the prescription very carefully to avoid drug damages.___

3-‐Vaccines cause serious illnesses.___

4-‐We take antibiotics in the treatment of infections diseases.___

5-‐You need a prescription to buy analgesics.___

6-‐Anti-‐inflammatories can only be taken internal,not external.___

7-‐Anti-‐histamines treat allergies.___

GRAMMAR

FUTURE CONTINUOUS WILL+BE+VİNG

FUTURE PERFECT WILL+HAVE+V3

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS WILL +HAVE+BEEN+VİNG

We use the future continuous tense * to describe an action which will be going on or continuing at some point in the future.


I will be working I won’t be working Will I be working?

You will be working You won’t be working Will you be working?

He will be working He won’t be working Will he be working?

She will be working She won’t be working Will she be working?

It will be working It won’t be working Will it be working?

We will be working We won’t be working Will we be working?

They will be working They won’t be working Will they be working?

Supply the future continuous tense form of the verbs :

1.At this time tomorrow morning, I .........................(lie) on the beach.

2.At this time next year, they ..............................(work) in America for a better life.

3.Don’t telephone her now. She..................................(make) a cake for her son.

4.Tomorrow afternoon at this time, we ...................................(travel) to Italy.

5.It probably ..................................(rain) when he gets back home.

We use the future perfect tense * to describe an action which ( at a certain point in the future) will be considered a past and completed action : By next June 1th we will have moved to another country.


I will have worked I will not have worked Will I have worked?

You will have worked You won’t have worked Will you have worked?

He will have worked He won’t have worked Will he have worked?

She will have worked She won’t have worked Will she have worked?

It will have worked It won’t have worked Will it have worked?

We will have worked We won’t have worked Will we have worked?

They will have worked They won’t have worked Will they have worked?

TIME EXPRESSIONS

By tomorrow By this time tomorrow

next week next week

next month next month

We use future perfect continuous to emphasis the duration of an action up to a certain time in future.

By the end of next month,she I will have been teaching English for 23 years.


I will have been working I won’t have been working Will I have been working?

You will have been

working

You won’t have been

working

Will you have been

working?

He will have been working He won’t have been

working

Will he have been

working?

She will have been

working

She won’t have been

working

Will she have been

working?

It will have been working It won’t have been

working

Will it have been

working?

We will have been

working

We won’t have been

working

Will we have been

working?

They will have been

working

They won’t have been

working

Will they have been

working?

Complete the sentences using the future perfect continuous tense of the verbs :

1.In 2015 I ......................................(work)as a teacher for 25 years.

2.In July, she ...................................(study) Japanese for five years.

3.At seven o’clock tomorrow we ............................(work) on this preoject for seventy hours.

4.In July, we ........................................(live) in this city forsixteen years.

5.On Monday, he ................................. ( not /sleep) for a week.

6.4 STAYING IN HOSPITAL

GRAMMAR

QUESTION TAGS

After a positive sentence the tag question is negative,

After a negative sentence the tag question is positive.

*but; � I’m a bit late , aren’t I? Not : I’m a bit late, amn’t I?

SENTENCE QUESTION TAG

affirmative

negative

negative

affirmative

e.g. He goes to school by schoolbus, doesn’t he? They are drinking coffee now, aren’t they? Everybody is sleeping, aren’t they? Nothing happened, did it? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? Sit down, will you? (imperative) Have a seat, won’t you? (polite request) Add the correct tag ending :

1.She goes shopping everyday, .............................?

2.They are travelling in England now, .................................?

3.She is a good teacher, .............................?

4.He’ll be back before noon, ...................................?

5.They have read that book, ................................?

6.It takes more than one hour to get there, ..................................?

7.The bus doesn’t stop near the supermarket, ........................................?

8.You played tennis yesterday, .....................................?

9.She never goes to the cinema alone, ..........................?

10.He plays the guitar well, ..........................................?

MODULE 7 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

7.1 GREENPEACE

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F )?

1-‐A small group of activist went to Canada to make a difference in the world.___

2-‐Their goal was a world without wars.___

3-‐Animals were in danger in Amchitka as the Americans using it as a test site.___

4-‐The activists succeded to reach the island.___

5-‐Greenpeace is a national organisation which works to protect the environment.___

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

ABILITY

CAN / BE ABLE TO + V1 (PRESENT)

COULD / BE ABLE TO +V1 (PAST)

POSSIBILITY

MAY / MIGHT / COULD + V1

MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT + V1 ( SOMETHING IS NOT DEFINITE)

COULDN’T + V1 ( SOMETHING IS IMPOSSIBLE)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of can / be able to (past or present) :

1.That man is deaf. He ……………………………. listen to the radio.

2.She was very rich. She ………………..…… buy a Mercedes years ago.

3.I am very tired. I ………………..…. clean the house now.

4.Teresa was very old. She …………….……….. walk fast.

5.Sam was very tall. He …………..……. touch the ceiling.

6.He is very poor. He …………………….. go on holiday in the Bahamas.

7.My father is very fat. He ……………….……… run fast.

8.She is blind. She …………………………….. notice the traffic lights.

9.I had a driving licence ten years ago. I ……….. drive a car.

10.Eric is a hard-‐working boy. He ……………….… pass his exams.

Fill in may (not) / might (not) / could (not) / can (not):

1-‐A: Is Jane at work today?

B: She ……………………be.Her car isn’t in the car park.

2-‐The roads ………………………………..get very busy tomorrow because there is a protest.

3-‐I got flowers yesterday.There was no card.Who …………………………….they be from?

4-‐We have an important exam tomorrow.We ……………………………….go out tonight.

5-‐She is too young.She ……………………………………..be our new teacher.

7.2 RED CROSS

READING

Write the things related to the numbers:

1-‐2010 :……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-‐7.0 :………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-‐25 km:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐52 :…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-‐316.000 : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6-‐300.000: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7-‐1.000.000 : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR MODALS

OBLIGATION / DUTY / NECESSITY

MUST +V1 WE ARE OBLIGED TO,IT IS NECESSARY,IT IS OUR DUTY

HAVE TO / HAS TO / HAVE-‐HAS (GOT ) TO +V1 PERSON FEELS IT IS NECESSARY,NOT A RULE

PROHIBITION

MUSTN’T / CAN’T + V 1 YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO DO,IT’S FORBIDDEN

NOTE: DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO + V1 NO NEED / NOT NECESSARY

Complete the sentences using : should, ought to, must, need or have to:

1.You ................................ respect her. She has helped you when you were in trouble.

2.Why .......................... I stay at home all day? It’s my day off.

3.They .................................. stay in a hotel. They can stay with us.

4.It’s your own problem that you’re late. You .................................... leave home earlier.

5.I don’t think it’s a good idea to help them. They .................................. spend so much.

6.I’m going to punish you. You ...................................... cheat during the exam.

7.We...................................leave late last night, because my brother from Istanbul arrived late.

8.He ..................................... tell her this story. She knows all the facts about him.

9.We stayed in a hotel, so we ....................................... cook our meals.

10.He has come here for five weeks' stay. He ................................ be in such a hurry.

7.3 UNICEF

READING


1-‐Why was UNICEF was founded?.........................................................................................

2-‐Who was it created by?......................................................................................................

3-‐What are the rights of every child?...................................................................................

4-‐Which award did UNICEF get?...........................................................................................

5-‐How long has UNICEF been responsible for saving lives of children around the World?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR

ADVICE:

SHOULD / OUGHT TO +V1 = HAD BETTER V1

NOTE1: WE DON’T USE OUGHT TO IN QUESTIONS AND RARELY USE IN NEGATIVES.

NOTE2: USE MUST FOR STRONG ADVICE

PERMISSION ( ASKING / GIVING ):

COULD / MAY / MIGHT I +V1……………? (FORMAL)

CAN I +V1………………….? (INFORMAL)

GIVING PERMISSION:

YOU CAN / YOU MAY

REFUSE PERMISSION:

YOU CAN’T / YOU MUSTN’T / YOU MAY NOT

OFFERS:

CAN / COULD / MAY / SHALL I +V1………………………….? ( INFORMAL )

WOULD YOU LIKE ME TO + V1…………………………………..? ( FORMAL)

SUGGESTIONS:

HOW ABOUT / WHAT ABOUT + VİNG……………..?

WHY DON’T WE + V1.............................?

SHALL WE + V1 …………………………….?

LET’S + V1……………..

Put in correct form of should or ought to in the blanks : 1.You ................................. (try )to come to work on time.You are always late.

2. I ...................................(spend )more time on English to speak it well.

3.They .....................................( not /smoke) so much.

4.We ........................................(pay) attention to what the teacher says.

5.You ...................................( not /work) so hard. You will get sick.

Is it can for ability, permission, possibility,negative deduction / request?

1.Can I use your phone? ………………………………

2.Can you help me? ………………………………

3.Our baby can talk in a few weeks. ………………………………

4.Can you play an instrument? ………………………………

5.I can’t visit you today. ………………………………

6.You can swim in the pool. ………………………………

7.We can’t bathe here in the mud. ………………………………

8.It can’t be a plane. ………………………………

9.She can’t still be writing the report. ………………………………

10.They can come and stay with us during the holiday ………………………………

Make suggestions fort he following situations:

1-‐You want to eat pizza. How about………………………………………………………………………………..?

2-‐You want to see the new Nicolas Cage’s film.Shall we……………………………………………..?

3-‐You want to play basketball.Why don’t we………………………………………………………………..?

4-‐You want to go on a cruise.Let’s………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐You want to meet your friend after work. What about…………………………………………………?

7.4 DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE ( T ) or FALSE ( F )?

1-‐Doctors without Borders members earn a lot of money.___

2-‐You won’t be famous when you work for Doctors without Borders.___

3-‐The doctors are fully equipped.___

4-‐It’s a really exhausting job.___

5-‐Most of the doctors are optimistic.___

6-‐They only treat wealthy people.___

GRAMMAR

PAST MODALS

PRESENT FORMS PAST FORMS

CAN (ABILITY ) COULD

MAY MIGHT

MUST / HAVE TO (OBLIGATION) HAS TO

AM/IS/ARE ABLE TO WAS / WERE ABLE TO

DON’T NEED TO DIDN’T NEED TO

NEED TO NEEDN’T TO

NOTE : MODAL + V1 MODAL + HAVE +V3

We use should have + V3 and shouldn’t have + V3 to describe actions in the past which were wrong, or which we now regret. She should have gone to Canada instead of America in the summer. She shouldn’t have spent so much on clothes. **Ought to have + V3 and oughtn’t to have + V3 has a similar meaning to should have +V3 /shouldn’t have +V3.

Write sentences with should or shouldn’t have :

1.It was her fault. It’s quicker by plane.

...............................................................................................................................

2.He spent all day in the sun and he’s got sunburn.

...............................................................................................................................

3.They’ve eaten too much sweet and now they feel ill.

...............................................................................................................................

4.Are you still waiting for her? She won’t come.

............................................................................................................................... 5.My bag is too heavy to take home . I can’t carry it. ...............................................................................................................................

May have + V3 -‐ Might have + V3

Can’t have + V3 -‐ Could have + V 3

Must have + V3

Needn’t have + V 3

We use ‘may have’, ‘might have’, and ‘could have’ to talk about something that possibly happened in the

past.

We use ‘must have’ and ‘can’t have’ to talk about something that probably or certainly happened in the past.

We use ‘needn’t have’ to express an unnecessary action which was nevertheless performed.

Rewrite these sentences using might have or could have : e.g. : I can’t find Cds in my room. Someone might have put them into their cases.

1.I can’t find my mobile phone. I wonder where it is.

.........................................................................

2.The laptop won’t start.It was broken

.........................................................................

3.He should be here by now.I think something terrible happened.

.........................................................................

4.The door is closed, but it isn’t locked.

.........................................................................

5.The teachers are here but the students have gone.

.........................................................................

Write sentences drawing conclusions about what must have or can’t have happened : e.g. : He looks very tired. He must have worked during the night.

1.Shee looks pale and very slim.

.......................................................................................................

2.The roads are very wet.

.......................................................................................................

3.When the bus arrived, they weren’t on it.

.......................................................................................................

4.I’m sure she did it by mistake.

.......................................................................................................

5.He looks very upset.

.......................................................................................................

MODULE 8 FOOD & DRINK

8.1 THE CHEF

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE ( T ) or FALSE ( F )?

1-‐Jamie Oliver’s parents worked for a pub.___

2-‐Jamie started to work at an early age because he was poor.___

3-‐Jamie graduated form a Catering Collage.___

4-‐He has never come back to England.___

5-‐He opened a restaurant when he came back.___

6-‐He is popular on TV but never in magazines or newspapers.___

GRAMMAR

CONDITIONALS = IF CLAUSES

TYPE O : GENERAL TRUTH / SCIENTIFIC FACTS

IF +SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE / SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

TYPE 1: A)POSSIBLE SITUATIONS

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT / MAY –CAN +V1

IF +SIMPLE PRESENT / V1 –DON’T V1

B) FACTUAL CONDITIONAL FOR FUTURE

IF+SIMPLE PRESENT / WILL –BE GOING TO +V1

UNLESS= IF…..NOT

Write these sentences, putting the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future :

1.He ……………………………(call) me if he ……………………………..(have) free time.

2.What will she do if she……………………………………….. (not pass) her exams?

3.If that BMW costs a lot, I …………………………………(buy) a Hyundai

4.If the patients can’t see the president, they …………………………………(protest) him.

5.I …………………………………….(visit) a lot of historical places if I ……………………………(go) to Rome.

6.I …………………………(lend) her some money if she………………………… (need) for the new house.

7.Will you tell me if there …………………………………(be) any problems?

8.If it rains a lot, most of thepeople……………………………….. (stay) at home during weekend.

9.I …………………………………(come) if they………………………………… (call) me.

10.I …………………………………..(ask) my lawyer if I……………………………. (have) to pay all the expenses by myself.

Choose the correct option:

1-‐I’ll lend you the money if / unless you promise to pay soon.

2-‐If / Unless it stops raining,we can’t go to the beach.

3-‐If / Unless you help me ,I won’t be able to finish this project.

4-‐If / Unless he keeps his promises,I can trust him again.

5-‐If / Unless they invite me to their party,I won’t go.

8.2 THE WAITER

READING


1-‐Why are people unemployed?...........................................................................................................

2-‐What is becoming popular in some restaurants?...............................................................................

3-‐Can customers order their food with a tablet?...................................................................................

4-‐How do they serve the food?.............................................................................................................

5-‐Are there any customers that against tablets? Why ? /Why not?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6-‐Would you prefer a tablet or a real waiter? Why ? / Why not?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR

CONDITIONALS

TYPE 2 : PRESENT UNREAL

IF + SIMPLE PAST / WOULD –COULD +V1 ( SOMETIMES MIGHT)

TYPE 3: PAST UNREAL ( REGRETS OR CRITICISM)

IF+PAST PERFECT / WOULD –COULD +HAVE+V3

NOTE: MIXED TYPE

WHEN WE REFER AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST WITH A RESULT NOW.

IF+PAST PERFECT / WOULD –COULD +V1

Write sentences using the words given :

1.If/you/ask/me for bananas/I/buy/you a few................................................................................................

2.I/not/marry/her/if/I/know/what she was like......................................................................................

3.I/visit/you/in jail/if/I/know/you were there..............................................................................................

4.I/could/give you/a lift/if/my car/not broken down........................................................................................

5.If/you/be born/a year earlier/you/not have to do/military service.....................................................................

Complete the following sentences:

1-‐If I were you ,……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-‐There wouldn’t be crisis if ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-‐I wouldn’t have believed him if …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4-‐If she had known you number ,…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-‐You could have passed your exams if………………………………………………………………………………………….

8.3 THE CASHIER

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE ( T ) or FALSE (F) ?

1-‐Cashier is the person that pay in cash the restaurants.___

2-‐Cashiers need to be good at maths.___

3-‐Anyone in the restaurant can deal with payments.___

4-‐Restaurant manager makes an inspection at the end of the day.___

GRAMMAR

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHICH : THINGS / ANIMALS ( THAT IS USED IN CONVERSATIONS)

WHO / WHOM : PEOPLE ( THAT IS USED IN CONVERSATIONS / WHOM IS VERY FORMAL)

WHOSE : WHEN WE TALK ABOUT POSSESIONS ( ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY A NOUN)

WHERE : PLACE

WHEN: TIME / DATE / DAY

WHY : REASON

RELATIVE PRONOUNS *Who (relative pronoun for people, subject in the relative clauses) 1. This is the man. He bought an expensive car. This is the man who bought an expensive car. 2.The man forgot to take them. The man bought two pairs of shoes. The man who bought two pairs of shoes forgot to take them.

Join the following sentences using the relative pronoun ‘who’ 1.The shop-‐assistant served the customer .She is wearing a black uniform.

.........................................................................................................

2.This is the lady. She bought me a nice present yesterday.

.........................................................................................................

3.There is a visitor outside. She wants to see you immediately.

.........................................................................................................

4.The girl is going to marry Yusuf. She is very beautiful.

.........................................................................................................

5.The boy bought my PC. He lives with his friends.

.........................................................................................................

*Whom (relative pronoun for people. Object in the relative clause.)

I saw a man yesterday. The man is an doctor.

a. The man whom I saw yesterday is an doctor. (written English)

b. The man who I saw yesterday is an doctor (spoken English)

c. The man that I saw yesterday is an doctor. (common in spoken English)

There is no difference in meaning between all those sentences.

Supply who, that, whom only where necessary.

1.She is the only student …………………......... can speak German fluently.

2.He is the sort of person ............................... everyone likes.

3.The old man ………………..... you were talking about died last week.

4.The woman to ........................ you were speaking on the bus is Roberto’s mum.

5.She is not the man........................ he was before he married.

6.All those ............................... wish to come with us are really nice.

Which (relative pronoun for things. Subject in the relative clause)

He wanted the watch.The watch was in the window.

a. He wanted the watch which was in the window.

b. He wanted the watch that was in the window.

It can only replace a thing or an animal. (the watch/the lion)

*Which can be replaced by that (more usual in spoken English)

*Which/that always follow the antecedent and are here the subject of the verb in the relative clause.

Join the following sentences using the relative pronoun “which” working as a subject.

1.It is a wonderful project. It will change the world.

.......................................................................................

2.You must stop eating sweets. It makes you fat.

.......................................................................................

3.A dictionary is a book. It explains what words mean. .......................................................................................

4.This red bag is mine. It is on the table. .......................................................................................

5.The car is now mended. It was broken yesterday. .......................................................................................

6.The shop is around the corner. It sells clothes. .......................................................................................

*Which (relative pronoun for things: Object in the relative clause) The book is very interesting. You lent me the book. a. The book which you lent me is very interesting. b. The book that you lent me is very interesting. c. The book you lent me is very interesting. *There is no difference in meaning between all these sentences. ‘that’ is very common in spoken English and can be omitted.

He was standing on a chair. The chair was an antique. a. The chair on which he was standing was an antique. b. The chair which he was standing on was an antique . c. The chair that he was standing on was an antique. d. The chair he was standing on was an antique.

Complete the sentences with who or which :

1.The woman …………………..… lives next door is an actress.

2.I don’t know the people ……………………..…. live the nextdoor.

3.The museum ………………………..caught fire has been rebuilt.

4.You should choose the clothes ………………………..… suit your personality.

5.She has a job ……………………………..……most people would like to have.

6.Did the assistant ……………………………. served you have short ,red hair?

7.Dennis works for a company ………………………………. produces electronic devices.

8.That’s the dog ………………………….. chased me yesterday.

9.The government was defeated in the elections ………………………….. took place last week.

10.He’s the kind of person ……………………….… loves an argument. We use when, where, and why in place of relative pronouns in relative clauses of time, place and reason.

*Time : 1985 was the year when our first son was born.

*Place :That’s the place where the refugees settled down.

*Reason :The beautiful countryside is the reason why I like to live in a village.

Rewrite the following sentences using when, where or why :

1.The late evening is a bad time. I can’t work well.

…....................................................................................................................

2.This is the place. I met him last year.

........................................................................................................................

3. I like him. His honest behaviour is the reason..............................................................................

4.This is a picture of the place. We always go there in summers

........................................................................................................................

5.My childhood was the first time. I first became interested in English.

8.4 THE MANAGER

READING


1-‐What is the advertisement about?.................................................................................................

2-‐Do they offer social security?.........................................................................................................

3-‐How many hours does a person have to work a week?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐What are the characteristics of a manager?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐Would you like to work at this position? Why ? / Why not?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

GRAMMAR

NON-‐DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

THEY GIVE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THAT IS NOT NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE SENTENCE.

WE CAN NOT USE THAT INSTEAD OF WHICH / WHO (M)

ALL OF / MANY OF / ANY OF / FEW OF + WHOM / WHICH

Non-‐defining relative clauses are used in writing but are not used frequently in conversation. There is an important difference between defining and non-‐defining relative clauses. Defining clauses give important information which tells us what is being referred to,but, Non-‐defining clauses add extra information, separated by commas in writing, and intonation in speaking. The relative pronoun cannot be left out in a non-‐defining clause. Defining : I have three uncles who are living in Africa.

Non-‐Defining : I have three uncles, who are living in Africa.

Relative pronouns :

Person Thing

1.Subject who(that) that(which)

2.Object ÿ (who,whom) ÿ(which)

3.Possesive whose whose(of which)

Rewrite these sentences :

1.Martin telephoned his teacher. She lives in Dortmund.

.......................................................................................................................

2.The dress is a little bit big. My mother bought it for me.

.......................................................................................................................

3.The boys are playing football in the living room. Their mother got angry with them.

.......................................................................................................................

4.Sarah invited her friends to dinner. They always help her with her projects.

.......................................................................................................................

5.Molly interviewed Sandra Jones. Her manager was thinking of sending her abroad.

.......................................................................................................................

100% = All 95% = Almost All 80% = Many (count nouns), Much (non-‐count nouns) 50% = Some 20% = A Few (count nouns), A Little (non-‐count nouns) 5% = Almost None 0% = None

Fill in the blanks with All / Almost All / Many (count nouns) / Much (non-‐count nouns) / Some A Few (count nouns) / A Little (non-‐count nouns) / Almost None / None: 1-‐A:There were a lot of people at the party. B: I know.But ………………………………..whom were strangers to me.I only knew you. 2-‐A:You can’t be serious! You have a lot of T-‐shirts. B: Yes,but …………………………………..which is clean.I have nothing to wear. 3-‐A:You have a lot of friends. B.Yes, but …………………………whom are close.The others are just a friend. 4-‐A:You have lots of money,don’t you? B:Yes ,but ………………………………….which is in the bank.I can’t spend it now. 5-‐A:Do you have many pen-‐pals? B:Yes, and ……………………whom live abroad,in America.

MODULE 9 COMMUNICATION

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE (T ) or FALSE (F) ?

1-‐You can talk on the phone in public.___

2-‐You should only accept important calls.___

3-‐You can choose any ring tone that you want.___

4-‐You shouldn’t speak loudly when you are on the phone.___

5-‐Text messages are better than voice calls.___

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE VOICE

PRESENT PASSIVE : AM/IS /ARE +V3

PAST PASSIVE : WAS / WERE +V3

tenses ACTIVE PASSIVE

present simple The postman delivers letters. Letters are delivered .

past simple The postman delivered letters. Letters were delivered.

When we form passives, we do not usually mention the person or thing responsible for the action (the agent). When we mention the agent we generally use by when we mention who or what was responsible and with when we mention the instrument used; Put the verbs in brackets into Present or Past Passive: 1. This church ……………………………..(design) by Christopher Wren. 2. He ………………………………(shoot) by a hunter with a rifle. 3. A decision to strike ………………………………..(take) by some of the workers. 4. Her bedroom wall …………………………………(cover) with posters of her favourite actor. 5. He …………………………………(stab) with a pen knife yesterday. 6.Orange …………………………………(grow) in Antalya. 7-‐Basketball …………………………………( play ) mostly in America. 8-‐When there is an accident, ,injured people ………………………………..(take) to the hospital by an ambulance. 9-‐Our house ………………………………………..(clean) every day. 10-‐This book …………………………………….(write) by Ernest Hemingway.

9.2 SOCIAL NETWORKS & E-‐MAIL

READING


1-‐Do you have a blog entry? Why ? / Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐Do you read blog entries ? Why ? / Why not?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-‐Do you think this blog entry rubbish? Why ? / Why not?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐What kind of things should people write on their blogs?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-‐Do you have a social network account ? Which one(s)? What do you share with people?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE IN ALL TENSES

ACTIVE PASSIVE

SIMPLE PRESENT (V1 ) AM / IS / ARE +V3

SIMPLE PAST (V2 / VED) WAS / WERE + V3

PRESENT PERFECT ( HAVE / HAS+V3) HAVE/ HAS +BEEN + V3

PAST PERFECT ( HAD +V3 ) HAS+BEEN +V3

WILL + V1 WILL +BE+V3

WILL + HAVE +V3 WILL+HAVE+BEEN+V3

AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + V1 AM / IS / ARE GOING TO +BE+ V3

AM / IS / ARE +VING AM / IS / ARE +BEING+V3

WAS / WERE +VING WAS / WERE +BEING+V3

Put these sentences into passive : 1.We send the fresh vegetables by trucks. ..................................................................................................

2.They paid a little the workers for the job. ..................................................................................................

3.They import hundreds of fruit every year. ..................................................................................................

4.She sent the e-‐mails last week. ..................................................................................................

5.I check all my answers carefully. ..................................................................................................

6.He washed all his clothes yesterday. ..................................................................................................

7.We have just told him the news about her. ..................................................................................................

8.The president had cancelled the meeting. ..................................................................................................

9.The police arrested more than two hundred protesters last weekend. ..................................................................................................

10.We export Turkish rugs to many countries. ..................................................................................................

9.3 PEN TO PAPER

READING

Answer the following quesitons:

1-‐Do you read newspaper? Why ? / Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐When you read a newspaper,which part do you read first? Why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-‐Do you believe all the news you read? Why ? / Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐Which one do you prefer , a real paper or news on the net ? Why ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE WITH MODALS

MODAL + BE +V3

MODALS:

MUST (N’T) / HAVE TO / HAS TO / HAD TO / DON’T HAVE TO / DOESN’T HAVE TO / DIDN’T HAVE TO

NEED TO / DON’T NEED TO / DOESN’T NEED TO / DIDN’T NEED TO / SHOULD (N’T) / OUGHT TO

OUGHT NOT TO / MAY (NOT ) / MIGHT (NOT) / CAN (‘T) / COULD (N’T) / HAD BETTER (NOT)

Make the following sentences PASSIVE:

1-‐A large number of people can speak Chinese.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2-‐ All of the students must do the project work.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-‐ Someone should paint my flat in Istanbul.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐Students can’t answer these questions.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐You had better not tell this secret.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

.

9.4 COMMUNICATION OF THE FUTURE

READING

Are the following sentences TRUE ( T ) or FALSE ( F ) ?

1-‐Facebook is one of the most popular social networks.___

2-‐People are not addicted to social networks.___

3-‐Technology changes day by day.___

4-‐Social network brought social commerce.___

5-‐Companies are not interested in social network to make money.___

GRAMMAR

CAUSATIVES

HAVE + SOMETHING+ V3 = GET +SOMETHING +V3

HAVE +SOMEBODY+ V1+ SOMETHING = GET +SOMEBODY+ V1+ SOMETHING

MAKE + SOMEBODY + V1+ SOMETHING

Make sentences using the causative verbs; have and get : 1.Patrick-‐brochures-‐distribute ..........................................................................

2.My brother-‐long hair-‐ cut ...........................................................................

3.My mother-‐long skirt-‐ shorten ..........................................................................

4.Justin-‐old restaurant-‐ repair ..........................................................................

5.I-‐dirty dishes-‐wash ..........................................................................

MODULE 10 GLOBAL ISSUES

10.1 OUT IN SPACE

READING

Write about the numbers:

1-‐1961 :…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐ 108 :…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐1975:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR

REPORTED SPEECH = INDIRECT SPEECH

TENSE CHANGES:

SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT

PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

WILL WOULD

AM / IS / ARE GOING TO WAS / WERE GOING TO

NOTE1 :

SHOULD / COULD / MIGHT / OUGHT TO / PAST PERFECT / ALL PAST MODALS DON’T CHANGE

NOTE2: IF THE STATEMENT IS ALWAYS TRUE DON’T CHANGE

We can report people’s words by using direct or reported speech. Direct speech is the exact words someone used.

Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech. We can either use the word that after the introductory verbs (say, tell, etc.) or we can omit it.

* Personal pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns change according to the meaning of the sentence.

* We can report someone’s words either a long time after they were said (out�of�date�reporting) or a short time after they were said (up � to � date � reporting)

* When we quote someone’s actual words, we can use reporting verbs such as say, reply, suggest, etc.

* We can report statements, questions, requests, thoughts, etc. Direct Speech Indirect Speech

today that day; the same day

tomorrow the next day, the following day

the day after tomorrow in two days’ time

next week(month,year) the week(month,year) after

the following week(month,year)

yesterday the previous day, the day before

last week(month,year) the week(month,year)before

the previous week(month,year)

ago before, previously

two days ago two days before, two days earlier

now then

here there

come go

this, these that, those

this,these(when they are pronouns;) it, them

Answer the questions : 1.”I do not like this guy.”What does the girl say? ...................................................................................................

2.”I’ll explain everything to you.”What does Andrea tell Tom? .................................................................................................

3.”My grandmother is going to get well soon.”What does Sally tell her friend? .................................................................................................

4.”I haven’t met these men before.”What does the boy tell his mother? .................................................................................................

5.”I always do the housework myself.” What does Jane tell you? .................................................................................................

6.”It is not my house, mine is blue.”What does the man say to his friend? .................................................................................................

7.”We are learning Japanese .”What do the students tell their friends? .................................................................................................

8.”I do not read a lot.”What does the girl tell you? .................................................................................................

9.”She doesn’t work on Saturdays.”What does the manager tell you? .................................................................................................

10.”I will help her.”What does her husband say? ..................................................................................................

Turn these sentences into direct speech : 1.Tarık said they were both seventeen. ..............................................................................................

2.She said she needed an early night because she was very tired ..............................................................................................

3.Katherine said they were both excited for the baby. ..............................................................................................

4.She said she was listening to rock music. .............................................................................................. 5.He said he hadn’t seen them since his previous birthday. ..............................................................................................

10.2 ALIENS-‐BELIEVE IT OR NOT?

GRAMMAR

REPORTED SPEECH WITH COMMANDS & REQUESTS

COMMANDS:

POSITIVE COMMANDS TO + V1

NEGATIVE COMMANDS NOT TO +V1

REQUESTS:

ASK ( S / ED ) SOMEONE + TO + V1 / ASK ( S / ED ) SOMEONE + NOT TO + V1

Turn the following sentences into REPORTED SPEECH:

1-‐The headmaster said to the student: ‘Come and see me after the lesson!’

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2-‐Laura said to Martin: ‘ Will you please help me?’

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐His mother said to him: ‘ Don’t listen to loud music!’

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐His father said to her: ‘ Can you bring me some water,please?’

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐The policeman shouted at the suspect: ‘ Put your hands up!’

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.

10.3 CONSERVING ENERGY

READING


1-‐Who found the coal ?..............................................................................................................................

2-‐Where was Marco Polo going when he introduced coal to the Western World?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-‐When did England start producing coal of its own?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐Does the coal harm the natüre ? How?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-‐What are the natural alternatives instead of coal ?....................................................................................

GRAMMAR

REPORTED SPEECH WITH QUESTIONS

USE WH-‐ QUESTIONS TO FORM INDIRECT QUESTIONS : WHEN / WHY / WHERE / HOW etc.

USE IF / WHETHER TO FORM YES / NO QUESTIONS

Put these questions into indirect speech :

1.How much did you pay for this dress?”

She wanted to know ..............................................

2.”Whose English is good?”

He wanted to know ..............................................

3.”Which boy have they fought?

The policeman wanted to know ............................

YES/NO QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH “Are you ready?” asked the director. The director asked me if / whether I was ready. “Does she like milk? asked the doctor. The doctor asked the mother if / whether she liked milk. ‘Is anyone there?’ he asked. He asked if / whether anyone was there.

10.4 POLLUTION

READING


1-‐What is global warming?...........................................................................................................

2-‐Can individuals do something fort he environment? Why ? / Why not?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3-‐Do you recycle? Why ? / Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-‐Does using public transport help the environment ? How ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-‐Do you think we still can save the environment ? Why ? / Why not?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR

REPORTING VERBS

AGREE

OFFER

PROMISE TO + V1

REFUSE

THREATEN

ADVISE

ASK

BEG

COMMAND

INVITE SOMEBODY +TO+V1

ORDER

REMIND

WARN

ADMIT

ACCUSE SOMEBODY OF

APOLOGISE FOR

BOAST OF / FOR V + ING

DENY

INSIST ON

SUGGEST

Complete the sentences:

1-‐‘You shouldn’t spend a lot of money.’

She advised……………………………………………………………………………………………

2-‐‘Don’t forget to lock the doors before you leave.’

His mother reminded………………………………………………………………………………..

3-‐‘I’m sorry I forgot to call you on your birthday.’

Tom apologised………………………………………………………………………………………….

4-‐‘You never help me,Eric!’

Sarah complained………………………………………………………………………………………….

5-‐‘Shall we play golf this Sunday?’

Sally suggested……………………………………………………………………………………….

6-‐‘This man stole my bag!’

Mrs. Jones accused………………………………………………………………………………..

7-‐‘I’m the best teacher at school!’

She boasted………………………………………………………………………………………….

8-‐‘Don’t touch that ornament!’

Her mother warned…………………………………………………………………………………

9-‐‘Yes, I stole her jewellery’

He admitted………………………………………………………………………………………………

10-‐‘You must stay here tonight!’

His parents insisted……………………………………………………………………………………..

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