Alternatives to Privatization and Assessing Contracts

October 5, 2004

Choosing Between Public and Private Provision

1. Natural Monopolies

2. Decreasing Costs

3. Externalities

4. Inability to Charge Users or to Exclude Nonpayers

5. Merit Goods

Public and Private Sectors as Buyers and Producers

Private Sector as Buyer

Private Sector as Producer

Government as Producer

Government as Buyer

Compulsory education

Law courts

Police and armed forces

Road construction

Schoolbooks

Professional services

Education

Housing

Taxi rides

Railway transport

Water supply

Housing

Alternatives to Privatization

Back to the GovernmentGovernment Vending Intergovernmental AgreementContracts Regulated Franchises

Alternatives to Privatization

GrantsVouchersFree MarketConsumer CooperativesSelf-Service

The Magic Bullet

Influences by:– Government– Business– Foundations– Individuals

How do NPOs/NGOs try to counter this? What is value-added by having NPOs/NGOs

as producers?

Public-Private Partnerships – More Examples

U.S. Government and Faith-Based and Community Initiatives

Conservation Coffee Alliance The Role of NGOs in Basic Education in Africa

Types of U.S. Federal Grants

Discretionary Grants – awarded by an agency of the Federal government

Formula or Block Grants – federal dollars given to states, cities or counties for them to distribute

Discussion from Readings

Privatization Grants/contracts with NPOs/NGOs Reinventing Government

Assessing Contracts

Logical Framework Logic Model Hierarchy of Results

Uses of Evaluation

Judge merit or worth– summative, accountability, audits,

accreditation/licensing Improve program

– formative, continuous improvement,

learning organization, quality improvement,

effective management Generate knowledge

– generalizations about effectiveness, policy making, scholarly publishing, synthesis of patterns across programs, extrapolation of principles, theory building

The Logical Framework

NARRATIVESUMMARY

INDICATORS MEANS OFVERIFICATION

ASSUMPTIONS

GOAL

PURPOSE

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

Horizontal Logic of the LogframeNARRATIVESUMMARY

INDICATORS MEANS OFVERIFICATION

ASSUMPTIONS

GOAL

PURPOSE

COMPONENTS

ACTIVITIES

Definitions

Logic model: a simple flow diagram of how a program is meant to work

Inputs: factors/resources used by programs to conduct activities and achieve objectives

Activities/processes: what a program does with its inputs

Outputs: products of activities Outcomes: impact of service on participant’s life Outcome indicators: information used to determine if

outcome is achieved

PLANNING

EVALUATION

Focus, Collect data, Analyze and interpret, Report

OUTPUTSACTIVITIES

What the program does

Products of what it does

INPUTS OUTCOMES

Programmatic investments or resources

Short, intermediate, longer term, impact

Logic Model

The Logic Model

Resources/Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact

Certain resources are needed to operate your program

If you have access to them, then you can use them to accomplish your planned activities

If you accomplish your planned activities, then you will hopefully deliver the amount of product and/or service that you intended

If you accomplish your planned activities to the extent you intended, then your participants will benefit in specific ways.

If these benefits to participants are achieved, then certain longer term changes in beneficiaries’ circumstances, organizations, communities, or systems might be expected to occur

Your planned Work Your Intended Results

This chart is adopted from “Logic Model Development Guide”, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, December 2001

Logic Model – Another View

Activities

Inputs

Outputs

Outcomes

Impacts

IF a project has these inputs THEN it can provide these activities.

IF a project provides these activities THEN it can produce these outputs.

IF a project produces these outputs THEN participants will have these changes in knowledge, attitudes or skills.

IF participants have these changes in knowledge, attitudes or skills THEN they will have these changes in being.

Additional References

Faith-Based Community Initiatives

www.fbci.gov Pennsylvania Utility Choice

www.utilitychoice.org Evolving Partnerships: The Role of NGOs in Basic Education in Africa

Academy for Education and Development (AED)

http://www.aed.org/ToolsandPublications/upload/EvolvingPartnerships.pdf United States Agency for International Development Teams with

Conservation International and Starbucks to Support Coffee Farmers

www.starbucks.com/aboutus/pressdesc.asp?id=443

Logic Model Readings forNext Week

W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide

www.wkkf.org/Pubs/Tools/Evaluation/Pub3669.pdf

pages 1-14

The Temporal Logic Model: A Concept Paper

Molly den Heyer, International Development and Research Centre of Canada. (July, 2001).

http://web.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/10553603900tlmconceptpaper.pdf