alternatives to copyright
TRANSCRIPT
Alternatives to Copyright:Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain
Aaron Tyo-DickersonThe American School of The Hague
Our Agenda
• Definitions and examples: copyright, fair use
• Definitions and examples: public domain, copyleft, Creative Commons
• Resources:
• texts
• clip art
• photos
• video
• audio
• software
Copyright © and Fair Use
Definition: Copyright
• Asserts moral rights of the author* to a fixed expression of an idea for minimum of life-plus-fifty years
• Established, recognized and enforced by governments around the world
• Exceptions to author rights: “work for hire” (US) or “contract for service” (UK)
• Text: books, articles, research papers (published and unpublished, library resources and web resources, out of print)
• Sound recordings, video recordings (analog and digital, broadcasts and web resources)
• Drawings, paintings, maps, logos (analog and digital, web resources)
Definition: Fair Use
• Limited, free usage of copyrighted work: “Fair Use” (US), “Fair Dealing” (UK), or “Fair Practice” (Berne Convention)
• Limitations: quotation (review, criticism, parody), illustration (educational usage), and citation (sources and author)
• US guidelines for Fair Use
•purpose of usage
•nature of copyrighted work
•amount and substantiality of work used
•effect upon market or value
• Text: limited copying for educational purposes
• Audio/visual content: limited performance for educational purposes
• Graphical content: limited display for educational purposes
The Alternatives
Definition: Public Domain
• “Creative materials that are not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark or patent laws.”
• old: the copyright has expired.
• wrong: the owner failed to follow copyright renewal rules.
• deliberate: the owner deliberately places it in the public domain.
• obvious: copyright law does not protect this type of work.
Welcome to the public domain. (2004). Copyright and Fair Use. Retrieved March 18, 2007, from The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Web site: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter8/8-a.html
Definition: Copyleft
• An author-granted license for copyrighted work to be used with some restrictions
• Sometimes seen as “Some rights reserved”
Definition: Creative Commons
• “Reasonable, flexible copyright” at www.creativecommons.org
• Copyleft-like licenses for creative work
• Four variables
Attribution
Noncommercial
No Derivative Works
Share Alike
www.wikimediafoundation.org
www.archive.org/details/prelinger
Questions?
What about copyright?Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain
Aaron Tyo-DickersonThe American School of The Hague
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
• Berne Convention• US copyright Law• UK copyright Law
“governments around the world”
“US guidelines for Fair Use”
purpose of usage
nature of copyrighted work
amount and substantiality of work used
effect upon market or value